Isisekelo Esingokomthetho Sabathululelwa Umthetho Womkhaya

ISichibiyelo Sesine soMthetho-sisekelo we-United States sisebenza njengesisekelo sezimfuneko zokugunyazwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zomthetho, kuhlanganise nomthetho womkhaya kanye nezimpikiswano zokuwinwa kwabantwana. Sivikela abantu ekufuneni ngokungacabangeli nasekuphathweni ngokufuna ukuba abaphathi bomthetho bathole isiqinisekiso esisekelwe ngokunokwenzeka esibangelwa yisizathu ngaphambi kokuba bangene ekhaya lomuntu noma bathathe impahla. Lokhu kuvikela kudlulela ekhaya, ngisho nalapho ukuphenya kuphuma ezimangalweni zokuxhashazwa kwabantwana, ukunganaki, noma ubudlova basekhaya obuphakamayo ekuhlolweni kwelungelo lokugcina abantwana. Sekuyisikhathi eside izinkantolo ziqaphela ukuthi izithakazelo zomuntu siqu zamalungu omkhaya zinelungelo lokuvikeleka ngokunzima, futhi imfuneko ayinakubekwa eceleni kalula ngenxa nje yokuthi icala lihilela ukuphikisana komthetho womkhaya.

INkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S. ngokungaguquki iye yathi ukungena ngokomzimba ekhaya kuyinto embi kakhulu eqondiswe iSichibiyelo sesine. Emthethweni womkhaya, lokhu kusho ukuthi umthetho kumelwe uthole imvume phambi kokuhlola indawo yokuhlala yobufakazi bokuxhashazwa noma ukunganaki, ngaphandle kokuba kusetshenziswe isici esimisiwe. Ikhaya libhekwa njengendawo yomuntu eyimfihlo kakhulu, futhi noma ikuphi ukugxambukela okungagunyaziwe kungaba nemiphumela engathi sína ekuhlawulweni kwelungelo lokuwinwa kwelungelo. Ubufakazi obuthola ngaphandle kwemvume bungabungakhishwa ngaphandle kwemvume enkantolo eqhubeka, umphumela ongawuguqula ngokuphelele umphumela wecala lokuwinwa kwelungelo noma ukuhanjelwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSichibiyelo sesine sisebenza hhayi nje ekuhlolweni kwezegebengu kuphela kodwa nasemacaleni omphakathi. Nakuba inkantolo yomkhaya iyindawo yomphakathi, ukusungulwa kobufakazi obubuniwe ngokuphula iSichibiyelo sesine kungase kubekelwe inselele ngezindlela zokuthatha izintambo zokuvimbela. Izinkantolo ziyahluka ekuphatheni kwazo ubufakazi obunjalo, kodwa ezibuphethe ngokusemthethweni, umthetho owenqabela ukusetshenziswa kobufakazi obuthola ngokungemthetho, obuthiwa `applies] ezicaleni zomphakathi kanye nezigebengu. U-Athorney osingatha imicimbi yelungelo nezomthetho womkhaya kumelwe aqonde imingcele esemthethweni yokusekela abathengi babo ngokuphumelelayo futhi aqinisekise ukuthi bonke ubufakazi obunikezwayo butholakala ngokomthetho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo ingase ibe nomthetho-mthetho wayo onikeza ngisho nesivikelo esikhulu kuneSichibiyelo sikahulumeni sesine. Ezinye izinkantolo zikahulumeni zidinga imvume yokusesha ezimweni lapho umthetho kahulumeni uvumela khona ukuphenywa okungenasiqinisekiso. Abenzi bomthetho wemikhaya kumelwe bajwayelene nomthetho wegunya labo, ngoba imithetho eqondile kahulumeni ingathinta ngokuphawulekayo indlela obuqoqwa ngayo futhi buvunywe ngayo. Isizinda esinegunya esisekelwe eSimisweni Sesine, i-Cornell Information Institute ebanzi ye-ligialture .

Kunini Lapho Kudingeka Khona Abashisekeli Bomthetho Womkhaya?

Ezimweni eziningi, izikhulu zomthetho zidinga imvume yokuhlola ikhaya lomkhaya noma ukuthatha ubufakazi obuhlobene nokuwinwa kwezingane noma ukuhlaselwa. Imfuneko ingumthetho ongagunyazwanga, futhi umthwalo wehlela kuhulumeni ukubonisa ukuthi uyasebenza uma kungekho mvume etholakalayo. Amacala omthetho womkhaya ngokuvamile aveza izimo lapho imizwelo iphakeme futhi isilingo sokudlulisa izinqubo ezingokomthetho sinamandla. Nokho, izinkantolo zigcizelela imfuneko yokugunyazwa, ikakhulukazi uma imfihlo yabantwana nabazali isengozini.

Ukuhlola Okuvunyelwe

Enye yezindlela eziqhele kakhulu ezihlukene kakhulu nemfuneko yomthetho imvume. Uma umuntu onegunya elingokoqobo noma elisobala evuma ngokuzithandela ukuseshwa, ukuphoqelelwa komthetho kungaqhubeka ngaphandle kwemvume. Ezindabeni zomthetho womkhaya, izindaba zemvume zingaba yinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nesehlukaniso, omunye umzali angase avume ukuphenywa kwamaphoyisa ekhaya. Nokho, uma omunye umzali ekhona futhi enqaba, ukuphenya kungase kube yize. Ngokuvamile, umuntu onegunya elivamile ezindaweni angavuma, ngisho nangenxa yokwenqaba omunye umbambi wesivumelwano somshado. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi "umzali owedwa" umthetho. Nokho, uma omunye umzali ekhona futhi evuma ngokuzwakalayo, ukuphenya, ukupheka kungenziwa. Inkantolo ihlola ingqikithi yezimo, kuhlanganise nobudlelwane phakathi komphakathi ngamunye.

Kuphakama esinye inguquko lapho umthetho ubuza umntwana noma umntwana ukuba avume ukuseshwa ekhaya. Amancane awavamile ukuvuma ukuseshwa kwekhaya labazali ngaphandle kokuba anikwe amandla okulawula indawo ephenywayo. Ngokwesibonelo, osemusha angavuma ukuphenywa kwegumbi lakhe uma esebenzisa ukulawulwa okukhethekile, kodwa awavumi ukuphenya yonke indlu. Ezimpikiswaneni zokuwinwa kwabantwana, abameli kufanele bahlolisise noma yibuphi ubufakazi obubunganiswe ngemvume ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ngempela bubobobobobobobobodwa futhi bunikezwe othile onegunya elifanele.

Inhlekelele Noma Izimo Eziyingozi

Ukweqa okuphuthumayo, okuyaziwa nangokuthi izimo eziphuthumayo, kuvumela ukugcinwa komthetho ukuba kungene ekhaya ngaphandle kwemvume lapho kunesidingo esisheshayo sokuvikela ukuphila noma ukuvikela ukulimala okubi. Ezindabeni zomthetho womkhaya, lokhu kusebenza lapho umthetho uthatha imvume lapho uphoqelela ubudlova basekhaya, umbiko womntwana osengozini esheshayo, noma isimo lapho ubufakazi buzobhujiswa. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umzali ebiza umntwana ngokuthi uhlasela umntwana ngaphakathi, izikhulu zingangena ngaphandle kwemvume yokunqanda ubudlova futhi zivikeleke.

Ukuhlola izimo kudinga ukuba isikhulu sibe nesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi kunesimo esiphuthumayo nokuthi isidingo sesenzo esisheshayo sidlula isithakazelo somuntu siqu. Izinkantolo zihlola ukulinganisela okuqotho kwenkolelo yesikhulu. Uma umthetho ungena ekhaya ngaphansi kwe-partice ephuthumayo, kumelwe sibhale ngokucophelela amaqiniso aqondile avumela ukungena. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ubufakazi obutholakala phakathi nokungena bungacindezelelwa. Ama-athone amelela ukungezwani kwelungelo lokugcina umntwana kufanele afune ubufakazi besimo esiphuthumayo uma kungatholakali mvume.

Okuhlukile okuhlobene nalokhu umsebenzi "wokunakekela amaphoyisa" ovumela izikhulu ukuba zingene ekhaya zihlole inhlalakahle yothile ngisho nangaphandle kokusola ubugebengu. Nokho, lokhu kukhetha kuncane futhi akuvumeli ukuphenya okusobala. Isibonelo, uma amaphoyisa aya ekhaya ngenxa yokuthi umakhelwane ukhala ngezwi, angangena ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uphephile, kodwa angeke afune amashadio namavale ngaphandle kwemvume noma imvume. Ubufakazi obutholakala phakathi nokuhlola okunjalo kwenhlalakahle kumelwe buwele ngaphansi komunye umbono osobala, ukuze kube umbiko osobala.

Umbono Ongamanga

Uma ukugcinwa komthetho kungokomthetho ekhaya, bangase bathathe ubufakazi obungagwegwesiwe. Imfundiso ecacile iyasebenza lapho isikhulu sinelungelo elingokomthetho lokuba sesiteji esibonakele lapho ubufakazi bubonakala khona, futhi kusobala ngokushesha ukuthi into iwubufakazi bobugebengu noma ubugebengu obungavunyelwe. Enkantolo yomkhaya, lokhu kungenzeka phakathi nokungena okungokomthetho lapho isikhulu sibona izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, izikhali, noma izimpawu zokuxhaphaza okungabonwa ngaphandle. Ngokwesibonelo, uma amaphoyisa engena ekhaya ukuze anqamule impi futhi abone umntwana ogcwele igazi endlini ephilayo, ubufakazi bungasetshenziswa ekumangalelweni kwelungelo lokugcina iziboshwa ngisho noma kungekho mvume yokungena kokuqala.

Imfundiso ayikuvumeli ukuphenya. Uma isikhulu kumelwe sihambise izinto, iminyango evuleke, noma sifune ezindaweni ezimnyama ukuze sibone okuthile, umbono ocacile awusebenzi. Ama-athorney kufanele ahlole ukuthi isikhulu somthetho sasikhona ngempela yini ngokomthetho lapho ubufakazi buqashelwa. Uma ukuba khona kwesikhulu ngokwaso kwakungekho emthethweni (umz., ukungena ngaphandle kwemvume noma isikhala esisemthethweni), khona - ke i-athone linembukwa.

Funa Ithuba Lokuboshwa

Isenzakalo sokufuna ukubopha ngokusemthethweni sivumela izikhulu ukuba zifune umuntu nendawo eseduze ethola izikhali nobufakazi. Emthethweni womkhaya, lokhu kungavela uma umzali eboshelwe ubudlova basekhaya noma ephula umthetho ovikelayo. Ukufuna kungase kudlulele endaweni lapho ukuboshwa kwenzeka khona, kodwa akuvumeli ukuphenywa okugcwele kwekhaya lonke. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umzali eboshelwe emnyango ongaphambili ngenxa yokwephula umthetho wesivikelo, amaphoyisa angase afune umuntu oboshiwe futhi mhlawumbe indawo ezungeze umnyango, kodwa angekwazi ukuphenya yonke indlu ngaphandle komgunyazo noma omunye.

Abameli bemithetho yomkhaya kufanele baphawule ukuthi ubufakazi obuthathelwe isenzakalo sokubopha busengabekelwa inselele uma ukuboshwa ngokwako kwakungemthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukuboshwa kusetshenziswa njengebhaxa lokufuna ubufakazi ekhaya ecaleni lokuwinwa kwezingane, ukuphenya kungase kuncishiswe. Izinkantolo zigxila kakhulu ekuhloleni imibhalo yangaphambi kokukhishwa kwecala, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuphikisana komthetho okuyisisekelo kushukumisa ukuhileleka komthetho.

Ingxoxo eningiliziwe yemvume engekho emongweni wobudlova basekhaya, i-National Criminal Justice Reference Service inikeza imithombo esebenzayo.

Izindinganiso Zokuvikela Izingane Ezilwa Nezingane

Uma kufunwa imvume, izindinganiso eziqinile zibusa ukulahlwa kwayo. Imvume kumele ikhishwe imantshi engathathi hlangothi futhi engaboshelwanga, hhayi isikhulu somthetho sokugcinwa komthetho. Isicelo kumelwe sibonise imbangela engenzeka, okusho ukuthi ubufakazi bobugebengu bungatholakala endaweni okuzohlolwa kuyo. Ezindabeni zomkhaya, ngokunokwenzeka imbangela isekelwe ekumangaleleni izingane, ukunganaki, noma ubudlova basekhaya. Nokho, indinga ayingosolwanga nje; idinga amaqiniso aqondile, anengqondo ayoholela umuntu ukuba akholelwe ukuthi ubufakazi bukhona.

IMagistate kumelwe ihlole ingqikithi yezimo, kuhlanganise nokwethembeka kokwaziswa, ukuthembeka komphathi wezindaba, kanye nohlobo lobufakazi obufunwayo. Ezimpikiswaneni zokuwinwa kwabantwana, kunengozi enkulu yokumangalelwa ngamanga noma ukuqiniswa. Umzali angasebenzisa isimiso ukuze ahlukumeze omunye umzali. Ngakho, ijaji kumelwe lihlolisise ngokucophelela i-affidavit ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi isiqinisekiso asisekelwe ekufuneni ukuphindisela noma ukuphikisa okungasekelwe ekutheni abatholi mvume. Imbangela engcono kakhulu ayinakubekwa kuphela egameni leqembu elithakazelayo.

Imvume futhi kumelwe ichaze indawo okumelwe ihlolwe futhi kuthathwe izinto. Imvume kajenene, egunyaza ukuthungatha okubanzi kwezinto zomuntu, ayigunyaza umthetho. Emthethweni womkhaya, imvume kufanele ichaze ukuthi yimaphi amakamelo okumelwe ahlolwe nokuthi bubuphi ubufakazi obufunwayo, njengombhalo wokuxhashazwa, izithombe, noma ubufakazi obungokoqobo. Isiqinisekiso esimane siqondisa umthetho ukuba uhlole "ikhaya" lokuxhashazwa" ngokunokwenzeka asicacile kakhulu. I-athoryney cishe kufanele ibeke inselele imibandela ebanzi kakhulu.

Enye indinganiso ebalulekile isikhathi sokufuna. Abanqobi kumelwe babulawe ngokushesha nangesikhathi sasemini ngaphandle kokuba imajistala igunyaze ukufunwa kwesizathu esihle kuboniswe. Ezindabeni zomthetho womkhaya, ukuphenya ebusuku kuthatha indiva futhi kungadinga ukuboniswa kwesidingo esiqinile. Izinkantolo zingabheka ukuphenyiswa okwenziwa ebusuku kakhulu uma ukuthethelela kubuthakathaka, njengoba ukuphazamiseka ekuphileni komkhaya kunzima.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvume kumelwe isekelwe ngesifungo noma isiqinisekiso. Isikhulu esifaka isicelo semvume kumelwe sithumele incwadi ebhaliwe ngaphansi kwesijeziso sokujezisa. Noma iziphi iziphakamiso zezinto noma iziphazamiso ezingagunyazwanga. Ezimpini zokuwinwa kwezingane, uma umzali enikeza ukwaziswa okungamanga eqenjini eliholela emvumeni, ukuphenywa okuwumphumela kunganqandwa. Leli ithuluzi elinamandla lokuvikela abameli abamelela umzali ngokumelene nezinsolo ezihloselwe ukuthonya isibopho sokugcina isigwebo.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngendinganiso yezinga elikhona emongweni womthetho womkhaya, i- American Bar Association inikeza izinto zokufundisa[.

Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile EMthethweni Womkhaya Nasemacaleni Elungelo Lokugcina

Umthetho womkhaya nezindaba zokuwinwa kwabantwana kuveza izinselele eziyingqayizivele ngokuphathelene nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho ngoba zihilela ukuhlangana kwamalungelo omthetho-mthetho, inhlalakahle yabantwana, kanye nokubekwa kwemithetho. Izinkantolo kumelwe zilinganisele isithakazelo sikahulumeni ekuvikeleni abantwana ngamalungelo omthetho-sisekelo abazali. Lokhu kulinganisela ngokuvamile kudlala ngokuhlola okwenziwa yiZinkonzo zokhuseleko lweChild Universements (CPS), ukugcinwa komthetho, noma abahloli abamisiwe enkantolo.

Ukuphenya Ngezinkonzo Zokuvikela Izingane (CPS)

Izinhlangano zeCPS zivame ukuphenya izimangalo zokuxhashazwa noma ukunganakwa ngaphandle kogunyazo. Nokho, izisebenzi zezezimali zeCPS azizona izikhulu zomthetho ngomqondo ongokwesiko. ISichibiyelo sesine singasebenza uma uphendlo lweCPS luhilela ukungena kukahulumeni ekhaya. INkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S. isho ukuthi amacala enhlalakahleni abantwana angabadlali bakahulumeni abalawulwa iSichibiyelo se-CPS lapho behlola noma besusa izingane emakhaya. Ezimisweni eziningi, i-CPS kumelwe ithole uhlelo lwenkantolo noma imvume ngaphambi kokuba ingene ekhaya ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwabazali, ngaphandle kokuba kuvele kunezimo ezingekho.

ICPS ivame ukuncika kubazali noma emandleni aphuthumayo ukuze ikwazi ukufinyelela. Imvume enikezwa ngaphansi kokucindezela noma ukwaziswa okunganembile ingaba yize. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umqaphi wecala etshela umzali ukuthi kumelwe avumele ukungena noma umntwana athathwe, imvume ingathathwa njengephoqelelwe. Ama-Attorney kufanele azihlole ngokucophelela izimo zanoma isiphi i-CPS esivakashile ukuze athole ukuthi imvume ilungile yini. Uma imvume idingeka kodwa ingatholwanga, ubufakazi obubuzwe yi-CPS bungakhishwa ekuwineni kwelungelo lokugcina umntwana.

Iziqondiso Ezivikelayo Nezici Eziphuthumayo

Uma inkantolo inikeza umyalo wokuvikela, kungagunyaza ukugcinwa komthetho ukuba kuhlolwe izikhali noma kuqinisekiswe ukuthobela. Nokho, umyalo ngokwawo awukuthetheleli ngokuzenzakalela ukuphenywa ngaphandle komthetho. Ngokuvamile, imiyalo evikelayo inemilungiselelo evumela izikhulu ukuba zenze izenzo ezithile, njengokususa iqembu ekhaya noma ukuthatha izibhamu. La malungiselelo ngokuvamile asebenza uma nje esekelwe entweni elindelekile nasemthonjeni othile. Kodwa imvume yokuhlola indlu ngokuvikela ngaphandle kokuzithethelela okungaphezulu ingaba yisitelekiso.

Ukususwa kwengane ekhaya okuphuthumayo kungenye indawo lapho kuhlolwa khona izimfuneko zomthetho. Izifunda eziningi zinemithetho evumela ukugcinwa komthetho noma i-CPS ukuba iyise umntwana ejele ngaphandle kwemvume yenkantolo evikelayo uma kunengozi eseduze. Lokhu kuwumsebenzi ongabonakali wezimo. Uma umntwana esesusiwe, umbuso kumelwe ufake isicelo senkantolo ngesikhathi esifushane. Ubufakazi obutholakele phakathi nokususwa, njengezimo eziyingozi ekhaya, bungabonakala. Nokho, uma ukususwa kusekelwe ezisekelwe ezisekelweni ezizandlebeni ezizanele, ubufakazi bungavinjelwa njengesithelo sokuthathelwa unyawo okungekho emthethweni komntwana.

Ukuhlola Ilungelo Lokutholwa Nokuxilongwa Okungokwengqondo

Abahloli belungelo lokuhlala, nakuba ngokuvamile ochwepheshe abangabodwa, bangabhekwa njengabadlali babaphathi benkantolo uma bemiswa yinkantolo. Ngezinye izikhathi abahlali baqhuba ukuhambela ekhaya noma babukeze amarekhodi abo siqu. Isicelo seSichibiyelo Sesine sokuhlola asicacile kahle, kodwa ezinye izinkantolo ziye zathi uma umsebenzi womhloli usetshenziswa kuhulumeni oqhubeka (njengomthetho wenkantolo), ukuhlola kwabo kumelwe kuvumelane nezindinganiso zomthetho-mthethwe-mthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umhloli wenkantolo omisiwe engena ekhaya ngaphandle kwemvume noma imvume, ukuqaphela kwabo kungaphikiswa. U-Attorney upheniso lwabo lungaqinisekisa ukuthi abaculi bathola imvume efanele ngaphambi kokuba bathathe imvume yokuhlola.

Ubufakazi Nokubusa Kwaso

Nokho, ezinye izinkantolo zemikhaya ziyekelela kakhulu futhi zingavuma ubufakazi ngisho noma butholakala ngokungemthetho, ikakhulukazi uma bunokwethenjelwa futhi bufanelekile. INkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S. ithe umthetho wokuhlukanisa usebenza ngokuyinhloko emacaleni obugebengu, kodwa izinkantolo eziningi zikahulumeni ziwudlulisela emacaleni omphakathi lapho ukwephula umthetho kungenamthetho noma ubufakazi buyisithelo sokufuna okungenacala okungavunyelwe. Emacala okugcina abaphathi, abahluleli bacabangela isidingo sokuvikela izingane ezidingweni zobugebengu.

Abaphikisi kufanele bakulungele ukuthatha ama-stectry ukuze bacindezele ubufakazi obuqoqwe ngokungekho emthethweni. Ngisho noma inkantolo ingabukhiphi ubufakazi ekugcineni, ukuphakamisa udaba kungathonya indlela umahluleli abheka ngayo ukuziphatha kweqembu eliphikisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kobufakazi obuthola ngokungemthetho kungadala irekhodi lokukhanga.

Amalungelo Ezingane Ayimfihlo

Abantwana banamalungelo ezindaba zomuntu siqu ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo sesine, nakuba bevame ukusetshenziswa abazali. Ezimpikiswaneni zokuwinwa kwabantwana, umzali angase azame ukuvuma ukuseshwa kwegumbi lengane noma impahla yayo, kodwa lokhu kungaphikiswa omunye umzali. Ngokuvamile, noma imuphi umzali ohlanganyela ekubolelweni okungokomthetho unegunya lokuvuma. Nokho, uma umzali onelungelo lokugcina umntwana yedwa ehlola impahla yakhe ngaphandle kwemvume, kuvame ukuvunyelwa ngenxa yokuthi abazali banesu lokuqondisa okukhulu ukuba baqondise izingane zabo. Kodwa uma umthetho noma i-CPS ihilelekile, amanguquko avamile.

Amancane futhi anamathemba amancane okungafihliwe ezimisweni zesikole, kodwa lokho akubalulekile kakhulu ekucwaningeni kwasekhaya. Ekhaya, ikhomphyutha yengane, ucingo, noma omagazini bangabanjwa uma umntwana eyisisulu noma esolwa ngobugebengu. Abathandi bezembuyiselo kufanele bacabangele ukuthi isithakazelo somntwana sivikelwe ngokwanele yini phakathi nanoma ikuphi ukuphenya.

Isiqondiso Esiwusizo Somthetho Womkhaya

Abagadi be - athorney abasingatha amacala okugcinwa kwabantwana lapho bekulokhu kuhileleke khona ukugcinwa komthetho kufanele bathathe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo:

  • I- icela ukutholwa kwayo yonke imiyalelo, ama-affidavit, kanye nezincwadi ze-injini. Hlola ngembangela ngokunokwenzeka kanye nokucaciswa.
  • [ Dermine ukuthi imvume yanikezwa yini nokuthi utholani. Uma imvume itholakala, qinisekisa ukuthi ivela ngokuzithandela nakumuntu ogunyaziwe.
  • hlola isikhathi sezenzakalo. Isiqinisekiso esikhishwe isikhathi eside ngemva kwe-affiant sithi yakhishwa kungenzeka ukuthi ayisebenzi.
  • Cela ukuhlela ukunyakaza ukuze ucindezele uma ubufakazi buqoqwe ngokwephula isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo. Lokhu kungaphoqelela olunye uhlangothi ukuba luthethelele ukuseshwa.
  • Yazi imithetho eqondile kahulumeni [ ngokuphathelene nomthetho okhishwayo ezimweni zomphakathi. Ezinye izifundazwe azibutholi ubufakazi obutholakele ngokungemthetho, kuyilapho ezinye zisebenzisa ukuhlolwa kokulinganisela.
  • Bambisana neseluleko sobugebengu sokuzivikela uma umzali ebhekene namacala obugebengu ahambisanayo. Ubufakazi obufanayo bungase bungatshazwa kuzo zombili izigigaba.
  • Amakhasimende amalunga namalungelo awo. Umzali akufanele avume ekuhloleni uma umthetho ungenalugunyazo, ngaphandle kokuba kusobala ukuthi kusiza esimweni sekhasimende nasemsindweni ongokomthetho.

Ukuze kucaciswe kabanzi iziNguquko zesine ezisemthethweni womkhaya, i- National Conference of State Legislatures inemithombo yenhlalakahle yabantwana nesivikelo.

Isiphetho

Izimfuneko eziqinile ezingokomthetho womkhaya nasemacala okunakekela abantwana zisekelwe eSichibiyelweni sesine futhi zifune ukuba umthetho uhloniphe ukugcinwa kwezindawo zomuntu siqu zekhaya. Nakuba ukungefani nemvume, izimo ezicacile, nombono ocacile kuvumela ukuphenywa okungenasizathu ezimweni ezilinganiselwe, umthwalo uxhomeke kuhulumeni ukuze uthethelele ukungezwani ngakunye. Esimweni esingokomzwelo sokungezwani kwezingane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba izinkantolo ziphoqelele lezi zindinganiso ngokuphelele ukuba zivimbele ukusetshenziswa kabi kwegunya elingokomthetho futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi ubufakazi obunikezwayo buthembekile futhi butholakale ngokomthetho.

Ama-athorney, amajaji, nabazali kumelwe basebenze ndawonye ukulinganisela isidingo esingokomthetho sokuhlola izinsolo zokuxhashazwa noma ukunganaki nelungelo eliyisisekelo lokukhululeka ekuhloleni okungacabangeli. Ngokuqonda izindinganiso ezingokomthetho zomthetho zokugunyaza ziwubuphi, ubukhulu bezinto ezihlukile, nokucabangela okukhethekile okuvelayo emithethweni yomkhaya, ochwepheshe bezomthetho bangawavikela kangcono amalungelo abathengi babo futhi bathuthukise imiphumela elungile ezinqumweni zelungelo lejele. Ubufakazi obuhlangene ngenhlonipho efanele ngeSiphendulo sesine abuqiniseki nje kuphela icala kodwa futhi busekela nobuqotho besimiso somthetho.

Ekugcineni, imfuneko egunyaziwe isebenza njengesivikelo ekuphathweni, iqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nasemacala omthetho womkhaya abucayi kakhulu, ukufuna iqiniso akukona okubangela ukulahlekelwa inkululeko engokomthetho - sisekelo.