Ubandlululo lweminyaka luhlala luyinkinga engapheli emsebenzini wemisebenzi eminingi, engathinteli nje izisebenzi esezikhulile kuphela kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izisebenzi ezisencane kanye. Uma udluliswa ukuze ukhushulwe esikhundleni, ukhushulwa ngokusolwa, noma ubekwe emazwini okululaza ngeminyaka yakho, ithonya lingaba elikhungathekisa umsebenzi wakho kanye nomuzwa wakho wokuzisiza. Ngenhlanhla, imithetho kahulumeni ne-hulumeni inikeza amakhambi anamandla ezisulu zobandlululo. Ukuqonda la makhambi ayisinyathelo sokuqala ekuvikeleni amalungelo akho futhi abangele ukuba abaqashi baphendule. Lesi sihloko sinikeza umbono ocacile wezindlela ezingokomthetho ezikhona, izinqubo omelwe uzilandele, futhi izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ukuze wakhe indaba eqinile.

Ukuqonda Imithetho Yobandlululo Lweminyaka

Isisekelo somthetho kahulumeni wokucwasa ongowenkathi yobudala yi- Agege Disc in Act of Obsters ka-1967 (ADEA). Lo mthetho ophawula imingcele uvikela abantu abaneminyaka engu-40 ubudala noma endala ekucwaseni ngemisebenzi ngenxa yobudala. I-ADEA isebenza kubaqashi abazimele abasebenzayo, izinhlangano zemisebenzi, kuhlanganise nokuqashwa, ukukhushulwa, ukukhushulwa, ukukhokhiswa, ukukhokhelwa, ukukhokhelwa, ukuqeqeshwa, noma yisiphi isimo somsebenzi, nanoma isiphi esinye isimo.

Okubalulekile, i-ADEA futhi inqabela ukuhlukunyezwa okusekelwe ebudalani, njengamahlaya angcolile, amahlazo, noma izinkulumo ezidala isimo sobudlova emsebenzini. Ukuphindisela futhi kwenqatshelwe: umqashi akanakukujezisa ngokukhipha imithetho yokucwasa, ngokuhlanganyela ekuhloleni, noma ekumelaneni nomthetho usebenza kokubili izisebenzi zamanje nabafaki bemisebenzi.

Nakuba i-ADEA iwumthetho oyinhloko kahulumeni, ayisona kuphela isivikelo esikhona. Izifunda eziningi zinezimiso zazo ezimelene ne-gradiscrinic ezinikeza isivikelo esibanzi. Eminye imithetho kahulumeni imboza zonke izisebenzi kungakhathaliseki ubudala (hayi lezo ezingaphezu kuka-40 kuphela), isebenza kubaqashi abancane kune-ADEA, noma zinikeze amakhambi anjengawokulimaza okunganqamuki. Ngokwesibonelo, i-California Fair Bristom and Hollas Act (FEHA) inikeza isivikelo esikhulu futhi ivumela ukuvikelwa kwenani elikhulu futhi ivumele ukuvikelwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ngokufanayo, amalungelo oMthetho wobuntu waseNew York uvikela izisebenzi zanoma yisiphi isigaba sobudala obuphakele. Kunzima ukuhlola imithetho esaba ukuthi imisha yakhona imishayo ikhona noma i-Greant.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ADEA yaqiniswa yi- Whommer Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA) ka-1990, ecacisa ukuthi ukucwasa kobudala obusekelwe emalungiselelweni ezisebenzi akunamthetho ngaphandle kokuba i-OWBPA ibeke izimfuneko eziqinile kubangenisi be-ADEA ezivumelwaneni ezinqamuleyo noma izisusa zomhlalaphansi. Uma umqashi ekucela ukuba usayina i-rave, kumelwe unikezwe okungenani izinsuku ezingu-21 ukuba ucabange (izinsuku ezingu-45 ngenxa yokungaboni kahle) nezinsuku eziyisikhombisa zokulahla lesigqephu sakho. Ukuhluleka ukwenza lezimfuneko kusho ukuthi awusebenzi.

Amakhambi Angokomthetho Ezisulu Zokucwaswa Ngokweminyaka

Lapho umqashi ephula umthetho kahulumeni we - ADEA noma wezwe, izisulu zinelungelo lokuthola amakhambi ahlukahlukene aklanyelwe ukuzenza ziphelele futhi zinqande ukucwaswa esikhathini esizayo. La makhambi angafakwa kabanzi emikhakheni emithathu: ukuphatha ne - EEOC, ukumangalelwa kwangasese, nezinhlobo ezithile zenkokhelo.

Ukumangalela Ikomiti Yomsebenzi Elinganayo (EOC)

Ngaphambi kokuba ufake icala ngaphansi kwe-ADEA enkantolo kahulumeni, wena ufaka ifayile yokuqala ukumangalelwa kobandlululo nge-EEOC. Lena imfuneko ebophelele ukuqondisa. I-EEOC iyinhlangano kahulumeni enomthwalo wokumisa i-ADEA kanye neminye imithetho yokucwasa. Inqubo iqala ngokunikeza ifomu yecala elisayinwe, kungaba nge-inthanethi, ngeposi, noma kumuntu ehhovisi lase-EOC. I-EEOC izakutshela umqashi wakho futhi iqale ukuhlola.

Isikhathi sinzima. Unezinsuku zekhalenda ezingu-180 kusukela osukwini lwesenzo sokuzinyusela uhulumeni sokufaka icala nge-EEOC. Nokho, ngokwezimo ukuthi inemithetho yayo elwa no-(i-presectival) nombuso (obizwa ngokuthi i-“deferal" state), lo mkhawulo unwetyelwe [ izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu . Izibonelo zemithetho ye-creverral zihlanganisa i-California, New York, Florida, Texas, ne-Illinonian. Uma ungayiboni le mithetho, ungalahlekelwa ilungelo lakho lokuzisholo ukuthi uphethe.

Phakathi nophenyo lwe-EEOC, zombili izinhlangothi zingacelwa ukuba zinikeze ubufakazi, amaphepha, nobufakazi bobufakazi. I-EEOC ingazama futhi ukwenza kube lula ukusingatha izivumelwano nge-media. Uma i-EEOC ithola isizathu esinengqondo sokukholelwa ukuthi ubandlululo lwenzekile, izozama ukuhlanganisa nomqashi ukuze afinyelele isinqumo sokuzithandela. Uma ukuvumelana kwe-EOC kungaphumeleli, kungafaka icala kuwe. Ngokuvamile, i-EOC iyokhipha incwadi [[FL:0]] eyilungelo lokudumisa iSueae. , okunikeza isivumelwano sokumangalela inkantolo yomphakathi. Kumelwe udlulise icala lakho phakathi kwezinsuku [FF:]

Ukuthatha Isinyathelo Esingokomthetho Enkantolo

Uma uthola ilungelo lokubhalela uSue incwadi ye - EEOC, noma uma sekudlule izinsuku ezingu - 180 kusukela ufaka icala lakho futhi i - EOC ingakaqedi ukuhlola kwayo (noma ikuphi okungaphambi kwalokho), ungaqhubekela enkantolo kahulumeni. iMithetho ngaphansi kwe - ADEA iqulwa phambi kwabahluleli, okungaba usizo kubahluleli ngoba amajaji angase abe nozwela ekucaluni ngeminyaka yobudala.

Ukukhononda kwakho kufanele kucacise izenzo zobandlululo, indlela abawephula ngayo ama-ADEA, nomonakalo owawuthola. Umqashi uzoba nethuba lokuphendula futhi afake icebo lokuxosha noma lokwahlulela ngokufingqiwe. Ukuxilonga kulandela, lapho kuthengiselana khona ubufakazi futhi kuthathe izintambo. Uma icala lingaxazululeki, liyoqulwa icala.

Kwezinye izimo, ungakwazi futhi ukuletha isenzo sesigaba sokumangalela ngaphansi kwe-ADEA. Nokho, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zobandlululo, izenzo zekilasi i-ADEA zidinga i-header ngayinye “ekufakeni” ngokufaka imvume ebhaliwe yokungenela icala. Lokhu kuhlukile ezenzweni zesigaba sama-Precter lapho ama-atlaff kumelwe akhethe khona. Uma ucabangela isenzo sesigaba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza nommeli onokuhlangenwe nakho.

Ukufuna Ukunakekelwa Nomonakalo

Uma unqoba ukusho kobudala bakho ukuthi ungabandlululwa, inkantolo ingathola amakhambi ahlukahlukene:

  • Imali ebuya emuva: Lena inkokhelo, iholo, nezinzuzo ongazizuza ngosuku lwesenzo sokwahlulela ngokungekho emthethweni kuze kube usuku lokwahlulela, inciphiso encishisiwe. Iholo elibuyayo lihlanganisa amabhonasi alahlekile, izikhokhiso, ukuphakamisa, nezinye izinzuzo ezinkulu. Umqashi angadingeka futhi akhokhe inzalo eholweni.
  • Inhlawulo: Ezimweni lapho ukubuyiselwa kungeke kufinyeleleke (ngokwesibonelo, uma indawo yomsebenzi isinobutha kakhulu noma umqashi engeke athembeke ukuba akuphathe kahle), inkantolo ingakhokha phambili cishe inzuzo yakho yekusasa elahlekile ingesikhathi esithile kuze kube yilapho uthola umsebenzi olinganayo. Iholo lesikhashana lisekelwe emalini oyilindele, elincishiswe yinoma iyiphi iholo oyitholayo emsebenzini omusha.
  • Ukuveza: Inkantolo ingayala umqashi ukuba akunike umsebenzi wakho omdala ubuye noma akubeke endaweni efanayo. Ukumisa isifunda siyikhambi elithandwayo kodwa alisebenzi njalo. Kuvame kakhulu ezimweni ezingalungile lapho ubuhlobo bungalimalanga ngokungalungiseki.
  • Imiphumela exazululiwe: Ngaphansi kwe-ADEA, uma uphulwa umqashi kwakungu ngokuthanda ] sho ukuthi yazi ukuthi ukuziphatha kwayo kwakungekho emthethweni noma yabonisa ukungawunaki umthetho, inkantolo ingabulala umonakalo olingana nenkokhelo yakho yeqolo. Lokhu kuphinda kabili ukuphumelela kwakho kwezomnotho.
  • Ukudaleka kokulimala kokucindezeleka okungokomzwelo: ngokungafani nezibalo ezithi ngaphansi kwesihloko u VII (umkhondo, ubulili, inkolo), i-ADE iyawayeka no hayi[ ukuvumela ukulimala kokucindezeleka okungokomzwelo, ubuhlungu, noma ukuhlupheka. Lokhu kuwumngcele ophawulekayo. Nokho, uma udalwe ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni ovumela izingozi ezinjalo, ungakwazi ukuzibuyisela. Ngokufanayo, awunakubuye ulungise isijeziso ngaphansi kwe-ADEAA, nakuba abanye bethi bavumela.
  • Attorneys nezindleko: Uma uwina, inkantolo cishe izoyala umqashi ukuba akhokhe izindleko nabameli bakho abanengqondo. Lokhu kubucayi ngoba intengo yomsebenzi ingabiza, futhi lelungiselelo lisiza ekulinganiseni inkundla yokudlala.
  • [[QUMT: 0] Impumuzo engathintiweyo: Inkantolo ingayala umqashi ukuba anqande imikhuba yokulahla ubandlululo, asebenzise izinqubo ezintsha, anikeze ukuqeqeshwa, noma izimemezelo zeposi ngamalungelo ezisebenzi.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-ADEA ayinikezi isijeziso sengozi, izisulu zivame ukuthola ukuthi ukululama kwazo kulinganiselwe ngaphandle kokuba zingafaka iphuzu elisho kanjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokwezimo njengeCalifornia, i-Fair Accomplication and Hossle Act ivumela umonakalo ongapheli wokukhungatheka okungokomzwelo nokujeziswayo kwezehlakalo ezimweni zokucindezelwa, ukukhwabanisa, noma inzondo.

Isivikelo Nezindlela Ezengeziwe Zokucabangela

Imibuso Nemithetho Yasendaweni

Njengoba kuphawuliwe, imithetho yombuso ingagcwalisa izikhala ezishiyelwe yi-ADEA. Izifunda eziningi zinemithetho efana ne-ADEA kodwa esebenza kubaqashi abangaphansi kwezisebenzi ezingu-20, ivikela izisebenzi ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-40, noma ivumela umonakalo owengeziwe. Ezinye izindawo, njengeNew York City, zinemithetho yazo siqu yamalungelo abantu eyaziwa ngisho nangokwezisebenzi eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho weDolobha laseNew York Human Rights uvimbela ukucwaswa kwanoma yimuphi umuntu oneminyaka engu-18 noma ngaphezulu, futhi uvumela ukubulala nokujezisa kanye nesijeziso somphakathi. Uma kwakhiwa icala lakho, cabanga ngemithetho engcono kakhulu.

Odokotela Abaphethe Nezinkampani ZamaFederal Fund

Abaqashi abavumelana nohulumeni noma bathola usizo lwezimali lukahulumeni bangaphansi kwezimfuneko ezengeziwe. Ngaphansi koMthetho ophethe 11246, abakhi bakahulumeni abanezisebenzi ezingu-50 noma ngaphezulu nezivumelwano ezingaphezu kuka-R350 000 akumelwe bakhethe ngokusekelwe ebudaleni futhi kumelwe bathathe isinyathelo sokusebenzisa nokuthuthukisa izisebenzi ezindala ezifanelekayo. I-Office of Federal Contractliance Programs (OFCP) iqinisa lezi zibopho. Izisulu zingafaka isikhalo ne-OFCCCCP, okungathatha izijeziso futhi zifake izivumelwano, kuhlanganise nezikhokhiso zesivumelwano sesikhathi esizayo.

Ukucabangela Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Uma usebenzela inkampani yezizwe noma isakhamuzi sase-U.S. eqashwe kwamanye amazwe, ukufinyelela kwe-ADEA kungaba nzima. i-ADEA ngokuvamile isebenza ezakhamuzini zase-U.S. eziqashweni zaseMelika emazweni angaphandle, ngaphandle kokuba ukuvuma kungaphula umthetho wezwe eliqashweyo.

Indlela Yokuqinisa Ukusho Kwakho Ukuthi Usuneminyaka Ehlukahlukene

Ukubonisa ukucwasana ngempumelelo kudinga ubufakazi. Umthwalo uqala kuwe ukubonisa ukuthi iminyaka yobudala “yayiyisici esinqumayo” esinqumweni somqashi, okusho ukuthi kodwa ontanga yakho, isenzo esingathandeki sasingeke senzeke. Ukuqinisa ukuzisho kwakho, cabangela izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

  • Uxwebhu Yonke: Gcina ama-imeyili, ukubukeza komsebenzi, imisebenzi, nanoma yiziphi izinxulumano ezibhaliwe ezibonisa iminyaka yobudala mayelana nezinkulumo ezihlobene noma ukuphathwa okuhlukile. Gcina iphepha lezenzakalo elinemininingwane, kuhlanganise nezinsuku, izikhathi, ofakazi, kanye nezinkulumo ezicacisiwe. Uma ungaphansi kwamahlaya noma amahlaya, ziphawule ngokushesha.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ihlanganisa izikhompathisi: Thola osebenza nabo abancane kodwa abasendaweni efanayo (isikhundla esifanayo, izinga elifanayo lomsebenzi, umphathi ofanayo) futhi abaphathwa kahle. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ukhishwe ikhefu uma uyisisebenzi esincane esinolwazi oluncane, lokho kuwubufakazi obuqinile bobandlululo.
  • I-Preserver Servicess:[ Uma umqashi wakho eqala ukugxeka umsebenzi wakho ngokungazelele ngaphambi nje kokunqanyulwa, kungaba yibhaxa lobandlululo. Gcina amakhophi okuhlola okuqondile, imiklomelo, nokuncoma.
  • Ibonisa oFakazi: Izisebenzi ezizwe izinkulumo zobandlululo noma ezaphathwa ngendlela efanayo zingaba ofakazi ababalulekile. Yazi ukuthi abanye bangase bangabaza ukuza phambili ngenxa yokwesaba ukuziphindisela, kodwa ubufakazi babo bungaphoqelelwa ngokuphenya noma ngokuhlola iEOC.
  • [[NTL:0] Ungasayini Nantoni Ngaphandle Kweseluleko Semithetho: Uma umqashi wakho ekunika isivumelwano sesikhathi noma ekucela ukuba usayina ukukhululwa kwezicelo, ungasayini ngaphandle kommeli. I-OWBPA idinga ukutshelwa ngokuqondile nezikhathi zokulinda abaxhasi abasemthethweni. Ukusayina umfaki wesivumelwano ongaqediwe kungawaphula amalungelo akho.
  • Amafayela asheshayo: Izinsuku ezifinyelelweyo zokufakwa ne-EEOC. Ungalindi. Ngisho noma ungaqiniseki ukuthi unecala, bhala isaziso sokulondoloza amalungelo akho. Ungalikhipha njalo kamuva uma isimo sinquma.

Ukuthola Nokusebenza Nomeluleki Womsebenzi

Amacala okucwasana ngeminyaka ayinkimbinkimbi. Ummeli onokuhlangenwe nakho emsebenzini angakusiza ukuba uhlole amandla okufuna kwakho, uqondise izinqubo ze-EEOC, futhi uthuthukise indlela yokulungisa. Abameli abaningi bemisebenzi banikeza ukuhlola kokuqala kwamahhala futhi basebenze ngesisekelo semali ekhokhwayo (ngoba kuphela ukhokhelwa uma uwina). Ukuthola ummeli ofanelekayo, ungasebenzisa imithombo enjenge- Nationalal Alodys Association (NATA) noma inhlangano yommeli wakho we-barbar ibhekisela enkonzweni ye-ral.

Lapho uhlangana nommeli, letha yonke imibhalo yakho futhi uzimisele ukuxoxa ngohlelo lwezenzakalo, amagama abantu ababalulekile, nanoma ibuphi ubufakazi obuqoqile. Buza ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwalommeli ngecala lokucwaswa kobudala, indlela abakhokha ngayo, nokuhlola kwabo icala lakho. Ummeli onekhono uyothembeka ngezinselele nangemiphumela engase ibe khona.

Isiphetho

Ubandlululo lweminyaka alunabulungisa nje kuphela; aluyona into engekho emthethweni. Izisulu zinamakhambi aqinile angokomthetho ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-ADEA nezwe, kusukela emalini ebhaliswayo noma ebuyiselwe emuva kuya ekulimaleni okulahliwe nasekutholeni ukukhululeka. Lenqubo ingaba enzima, ikakhulukazi uma kakade ubhekene nokucindezeleka okungokomzwelo nokungokwezimali, kodwa akudingeki ukuba ubhekane nakho uwedwa. Ngokuqonda amalungelo akho, ukuqoqa ubufakazi, ukuqeda imibandela, nokufuna iseluleko esingokomthetho, ungabheka umqashi wakho njengonecala futhi ufeze ubulungisa obukufanele. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi usuye wacwaswa ngenxa yobudala bakho, yenza isenzo. Khuluma umsebenzi noma umangalelwa ngecala ne-EOC.