Ukuqonda Inkinga Yokulahlekelwa

Amazinga aphakeme okuyeka esikoleni esiphakeme ayaqhubeka njengenselele enzima emiphakathini ewumphakathi wonke eUnited States nasembulungeni yonke. Ngokwe- National Center for Education Statistics, cishe amaphesenti angu-5, abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme bayehla ngo-2021-22222, enamanani aphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwabafundi abaswele ngokwezomnotho namaqembu athile amancane. Imiphumela idlulela ngalé kakhulu komuntu ngamunye: ukuyeka ukubhekana neholo eliphansi lesikhathi sokuphila, ukuswela umsebenzi, nemiphumela yempilo engcono, kuyilapho imiphakathi ilahlekelwa umkhiqizo nenkokhezomphakathi.

Ukusingatha lenkinga eyinkimbinkimbi kudinga ukuqonda okucacile ngezimbangela zayo eziyisisekelo, ezingavamile. Kunalokho, uxhaxha lwezici ezihlobene lushukumisela abafundi ukuba baphume esikoleni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ubunzima bezomnotho (imikhaya edinga inzuzo esheshayo), ukuntuleka kokuthembisana esikoleni (i-boredom noma ukwehluleka ukubona ukuthi kuyasiza), izingxabano zomuntu siqu (impilo yengqondo, ukungahleleki komkhaya, noma ukukhubazeka) kanye nezithiyo (imithombo eyanele, indawo yesikole engalondekile, noma ikhono elilinganiselwe lesiNgisi). Ngakho-ke ukungenela kwezemfundo ephakeme yomphakathi kumelwe kube yize, kuhlasele izingqimba eziningi zethonya ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ubunzima Bezomnotho Nemiphumela Yawo Ebuhlungu

Ubumpofu buhlala bungenye yezilinganiso ezinamandla zokuyeka. Abafundi abavela emikhayeni ehlawulwa kancane bavame ukubhekana nokudla kanye nokungalondeki, ukuntuleka kokuthola ukunakekelwa kwempilo, nokucindezela kokunikela ngokwezimali. Izikole ezisezindaweni ezimpofu kakhulu ngokuvamile ziba nemithombo ephansi, izigaba ezinkulu, nothisha abanolwazi oluncane. Umbiko ovela [kuyi- ASCD [i-AS][FLT] [i] [i-FLT] ibonisa ukuthi abafundi abavela emikhayeni engaphansi kwengu 20% yeholo basengozini ephindwe kathathu yokuncipha kuneyabo abaphezulu ku-20%. Ukuthintana nomphakathi okungakhuthathiwe kakhulu. Ukuhlanganisa lemiphumela ngokuxhuma imikhaya ezinkonzweni zezenhlalakahle, ukulungiselela imithola mpilo ehleli engokwengxenye, nokunikela ngezikhathi ezithile emsebenzini wesikole-tomizansi engaziphazamisayo.

Ukulahlekelwa Imfundo Nokuntuleka Kokwehlisa Imali

Abafundi abaningi bayayeka isikole ngoba bazizwa behlukanisiwe nezifundo. Ababoni indlela i-algebra noma umlando ohlobana ngayo nokuphila kwabo kwesikhathi esizayo. Lokhu kudideka kukhulu kakhulu ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinkulu, ezingenabuntu lapho abafundi bengenabo ubuhlobo obuhle nabantu abadala. Abafundi abaphinde bathathe amamaki badinga ukwenza ukufunda okuwusizo nokwakha izinhlelo eziqinile zokuxhumana. Ngemva kwesikole ezinikeza imisebenzi yangempela, imikhosi yempikiswano, kanye nezifundo zemisebenzi kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi ziyanda futhi ziyaphikelela.

Izinselele Zomuntu Siqu Nezomphakathi

Isifo sengqondo, izinkinga zempilo, nemithwalo yemfanelo yomkhaya kubalulekile kodwa ngokuvamile abashayeli abanganaki abayeke ukuyeka. Izinhlelo zokusetshenziswa kabi kwezempilo yengqondo nezokunakekela i-mental Service Administration (SA) amanothi amafushane okuthi ukuchayeka kokuhlangenwe nakho okubi kwasebuntwaneni (ACES) kuhlobene kakhulu nokuyeka esikoleni. Izinhlelo ezisekelwe emphakathini ezinikeza ukululeka ngempilo, amaqembu asekela ontanga, kanye nezinhlelo eziguquguqukayo zabafundi abanemisebenzi yokunakekela kungasiza ukuba bagcine laba bafundi besendaweni yezeluleko. Ukulungisa izitebhiyo, kunokuba ukukhipha isijeziso, kunganciphisa futhi ukuncipha kwesikole esikhucushiwe.

Ukucwaninga Nobufakazi Beziphakamiso Zomphakathi

Indikimba ekhulayo yokucwaninga isekela ukuphumelela kwamasu omphakathi. I-2021 meta-analysis eshicilelwe Journal of Educational Research[ ithole ukuthi izinhlelo zomphakathi zokuvimbela ukukhishwa komphakathi ziveza isilinganiso somphumela we-0.26 (encane ngokusesilinganisweni), enemiphumela enamandla kakhulu yezinhlelo ezihlanganisa uthisha, ukuthembisana komkhaya, nokusekela kwemfundo eminyakeni eminingi. I-Naval Devmout Prevention Center (NDC)[FLT] iveza izinqubo ezisebenzayo ezingu-5, eziningi ezithembela ekuhlanganeni komkhaya: ukuhlangana, imfundo yasekhaya, ukusekela inkonzo yasekuqaleni, nokusekela isikole esisodwa. I-stuakk akwakhelwanga isihluthulelo sokusekela iqoqo ngalinye lomfundi.

Izinqubo Zomphakathi Ezisekelwe Emphakathini

Izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zidlulela ngalé kwezindlela ezizodwa kodwa esikhundleni sazo zenze inetha lokuphepha elihlelwe ezintweni eziningi zomphakathi. Ngezansi kufakazelwa amasu akhona angenziwa izikole, inzuzo, kanye nabaholi bendawo.

Izinhlelo Zokuhamba Nendiza

I-mentoryship ingenye yezimo ezicwaningwe kakhulu nezinemiphumela. Uma umuntu omdala okhathalelayo ovela emphakathini ethintana njalo, ngokuxhumana nomfundi, izinzuzo zihlanganisa ukuya engcono, amamaki aphezulu, nokuncipha kwengozi. Izinhlelo zobukhenkezi zihlanganisa:

  • Umeluleki wezifundo ezisekelwe ku-Oli: Imihlangano iyenzeka esikoleni noma ngemva kosuku, ngokuvamile ilula kuthisha noma umeluleki.
  • Umeluleki osekelwe ku-community: Abaqondisi nabafundi bahlangana ezimisweni zomphakathi (amalayibhuli, amapaki, izindawo zomsebenzi), okuvumela ukwakha ubuhlobo obubanzi nokuchayeka endaweni entsha.
  • umeluleki ongcono: Abafundi abahlangana nochwepheshe abathakazelayo emkhakheni wesithakazelo banikeza kokubili isiqondiso namathuba ezokuxhumana abonakalayo.

Izinhlelo ezinjengethi Big Breths Big Orsthers zibonise ukuthi abafundi abaqeqeshelwe ukuqeqesha abanamathuba amancane kakhulu okuphuma esikoleni futhi amaphesenti angu - 37 awayigijimi ikilasi.

Ukuhlanganyela Komkhaya

Imikhaya iyithonya lokuqala nelihlala njalo ohambweni lwemfundo lwengane. Nokho, ukuthembisana kumelwe kudlulele ngalé kwemihlangano yabazali nothisha. Ukuthembisana komkhaya okuphumelelayo okusekelwe emphakathini kuhlanganisa:

  • UParents accodem:[ izikole zomsebenzi ezifundisa abazali indlela yokusiza emsebenzini wesikole, ukuqondisa izikole, nokusekela izingane zabo.
  • Izinhlelo zasekhaya zokuhambela:[ izisebenzi zokuzithandela eziqeqeshiwe noma izisebenzi zasesikoleni zihambela imikhaya ukuze zakhe ukwethembana, zihlanganyele imithombo, futhi zixoxe ngentuthuko yabafundi endaweni engcono.
  • Amakomiti esikole-yomkhaya: imihlangano yasikhathi sonke lapho abazali, othisha, nabaholi bomphakathi besungula khona izixazululo zentuthuko yesikole.

I- yesizwe PTA igcizelela ukuthi lapho imikhaya ithembisene, abafundi bafinyelela amamaki aphezulu, babe khona, futhi bangaba nokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba baphothule iziqu. Izinhlangano zomphakathi zingasiza ngokunikeza izinkonzo zokuhumusha, ukunakekela izingane phakathi nemihlangano, kanye nohlelo oluvumelana nezimo ukuze kuhlaliswe abazali abasebenzayo.

Ngemva-Kohlelo

Ngemva kwesikole isikhathi esinzima kubafundi. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi ehleliwe, abaningi babuyela emakhaya angenalutho noma ezindaweni ezingakusekeli ukufunda. Izinhlelo zangemva kwesikole zinikeza inhlanganisela yokusekela kwemfundo (umfundisi, umsebenzi wesikole), ukucebisa (amakhono, ezemidlalo), umculo, nokuthuthukisa kobusha (ingasese, izakhamuzi). Ukucwaninga okuvela ku- Wallace Foundation[[[]] kubonisa ukuthi izinhlelo eziphumelelayo zinenzuzo, ziyasabela kahle, futhi zihlobene nohlelo lwesikole.

Izinhlangano zomphakathi zingaqondisa lezinhlelo ezifundeni, emitatsheni, noma ezikhungweni zomphakathi. Imisebenzi ephumelela kakhulu ehambisana nezidingo zabafundi kanye nezithakazelo zabo, ngokwesibonelo, ukuhambisa ama-compling compling ezindaweni zobuchwepheshe noma izifundo zokulima emaphandleni asemaphandleni. Izinhlelo zangemva kwesikole zinikeza futhi indawo yokusekela impilo yengqondo, ukuhlola umsebenzi, kanye nokufunda ngokwezenhlalakahle.

Ubuhlobo Nezinhlangano Zendawo

Izikole azikwazi ukuxazulula lenselele iyodwa. Izinhlangano zamabhizinisi, inzuzo, amaqembu okholo, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni zandisa ingcebo nobuchwepheshe. Izibonelo eziyinhloko zobuhlobo zihlanganisa:

  • Ama-compact olwazi lwezemfundo: amabhizinisi endawo anikeza izinhlelo ezihlangene, umsebenzi owenzelwa isithunzi, nezikhulumi zezimenywa, kuyilapho futhi enikeza ukusekela okungokwezimali kwezinhlelo.
  • [ Izinhlangano ezingenisa inzuzo kanye nokubambisana okusekelwe ekukholweni: njenge Boys & Girs Clubs namasonto endawo angangenisa ukufundisa, izinhlelo zokudla, kanye namakamu asehlobo.
  • Ubudlelwano obungavumelani:[ amakholiji angaqasha izisebenzi zokuzithandela ekufundiseni nasekufundiseni, ukucwaninga ngempumelelo yohlelo, futhi anikeze abafundi okuhlangenwe nakho kwasekolishi kwasekuqaleni.

Ukubambisana kuyinto ebucayi.

Izimiso Zokuqala Zokuxwayisa Nokuhlanganyela Ukwaziswa

Ukuvimbela kuphumelela kakhulu kunokuthuthukisa. Ukusebenzisa izindlela ezisekelwe emphakathini kungaqiniswa ngokusebenzisa izimiso ezixwayisayo zokuqala ezibonisa abafundi abangekho ezingozini zokwehla besebenzisa izikhombo ezinjengezikhombo, ukuziphatha, nezifundo (ABC). Uma izikole nomphakathi osebenza ndawonye behlanganyela ukwaziswa (nokuzivikela komuntu siqu), bangahlasela abafundi abadinga kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, umfundi ohamba phambili enyangeni eyodwa angathola ukuhanjelwa ekhaya yizisebenzi zokuzithandela zomphakathi, kuyilapho umfundi onamamaki ehlulekayo ethola umfundisi wezibalo ngemva kwesikole. [[FLT:] [ngesibonelo, i-GPGRAUM] ku-GRAY ne-FPTTS yempumelelo) izimiso zesixwayiso zasekuqaleni kwezindawo eziningi ze-GPraeveast proveast) zicutting indlela izinhlangano zezisebenzi zomphakathi eziningi ezincintinga.

Umsebenzi Wokugcwalisa Ifulegi: Ukusuka Endleleni Kuya Endleleni

Ukusuka ekucabangeni kuya ekusebenziseni kudinga inqubo ehlelwe kahle, elawulwa umphakathi. Nasi isakhiwo esiye sasebenza emiphakathini kulo lonke izwe.

Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Umphakathi Udinga Ukuhlolwa

Ukugcina ukwaziswa ngamazinga okuyeka kwenani lendawo, inani labantu, kanye nemithombo yamanje. Ukuziphatha kuhlola futhi kugxile kumaqembu abafundi, imikhaya, othisha, nabaholi bomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, phawula kokubili amagebe nempahla, umphakathi ungaba nezinhlelo eziqinile ngemva kwesikole kodwa ungabi nezinkonzo zempilo yengqondo yentsha.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Yakha Iphuzu Eliyindida

Yenza ikomiti yokuqondisa enabameleli bezikole, uhulumeni wendawo, inzuzo, amabhizinisi, imiphakathi yokholo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, abafundi nemikhaya. Lomfelandawonye kufanele ube nomsebenzi ofanayo, isimo esicacile, nokukhulumisana kwasikhathi sonke.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukungenela Kokuklama

Khetha amasu asekelwe kubufakazi ahambelana nezidingo zomphakathi. Gwema indlela eyodwa elingana nayo yonke. Emaphandleni anezithuthi zomphakathi ezibuthakathaka, uhlelo lokufundisa ngeselula lungaphumelela kakhulu kunesikhungo esiphakathi ngemva kwesikole. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukungenela kuyavumelana nezimiso zomphakathi futhi kuyatholakala ngezilimi eziningi uma kudingeka.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukusekelwa Kwemali Nemithombo

Imali ingavela kuhulumeni onika iminikelo (1st Century Community Learning Centers, i-Title I), iminikelo yokusiza, neminikelo yezezimali evela kubantu abakanye nabo. Imiphakathi eminingi iye yasebenzisa i-exploration, iqoqo lezimali ukuze isekele izinhlelo ezithatha isikhathi eside. Kubalulekile futhi ukwakha amandla okuzithandela ngokuqeqesha nangokuqaphela.

Isinyathelo Sesihlanu: Ukugcwalisa Ukwethembeka Nokuvumelana Nesimo

Faka izinhlelo ngokwezimo, kusukela kumshayeli. Ukuhlelwa kwamanani eduze futhi uzimisele ukuvumelana nempendulo. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lobuqeqeshi lungadinga ukuvumelanisa izikhathi ezihambelanayo ukuze kuvumelane nezimiso zabafundi noma ukunikeza abafundi abangakwazi ukuhlangana nabo.

Isinyathelo 6: Yiba Nogqozi Futhi Ube Nesibindi

Imiphumela enjengokuba khona kwekhodi, ukuqeda izifundo, ukuziphatha, namazinga okuthweswa iziqu. Sebenzisa kokubili ukwaziswa okungalinganisi nezindaba ezicaciwe ezivela kubafundi nasemikhayeni. Hlanganyela imiphumela nomphakathi ukuze ulondoloze amandla nokusekela okuqhubekayo. Ukuhlola njalo kusiza futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi iziphi izakhi eziphumelela kakhulu futhi okufanele zandiswe.

Izinselele Nezixazululo

Ngisho nezingatho ezihlelwe kahle kakhulu zomphakathi zibhekene nezithiyo. Ukuqaphela lezi zimo ezingaphambili kuvumela imiphakathi ukuba izihlelele ngokuzibhokoxa.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwemali

Izinhlelo eziningi zincike ezinikezwayo eziyisikhashana noma ezincintisanayo. Izikole kanye nezinzuzo ezingezizo ngokuvamile azinazo izisebenzi zokubhala izikhokhelo nokuphatha izimfuneko zokubika. Ukukhipha iziqu: zivumela imithombo yezimali, kuhlanganise nezinhlangano zomxhasi wezebhizinisi wendawo, ukuphakelana, nokuhlangana komphakathi. Ukuhlanganisa isikhwama semali nesisekelo somphakathi sendawo sokunciphisa umthwalo wokulawula.

Ukuntula Nokutubeka Kokuzithandela

Ukubuyisela nokugcina izisebenzi zokuzithandela zokusiza, ukufundisa, nezinhlelo zangemva kwesikole kuyinselele engapheli. Izisebenzi zokuzithandela zingalahlekelwa isisusa uma zingayiboni imiphumela esheshayo noma zizizwa zingasekelwe. Ukubuyisa:[ Zinikeza ukuqeqesha, izenzakalo zokuqaphela, kanye nezinqumo zesikhathi esiguquguqukayo. Sebenzisa abafundi basekolishi, abaholi, nezinhlelo zokuzithandela.

Izinkinga Zokuvumelana

Uma izinhlangano eziningi zisebenza ngokuzimele, imikhaya ingathola imiyalezo engqubuzanayo noma iwele emifantwini. UKUHLOLA:[ Umxhumanisi womphakathi noma ukhomba inxusa eliholayo lokulawula ama-header nama-asensigne. Sebenzisa izimiso zemininingwane ezihlanganyelweyo (ngemvume) ukuze bonke abantu abasebenza nabo babone ukwaziswa okufanayo komfundi. Imihlangano yenhlangano yasikhathi sonke yakhe ukwethembana nokulandisa.

Ukumelana Nokushintsha

Abanye abaphathi besikole noma othisha bangase bangabaze ukuhileleka komphakathi, besaba ukulahlekelwa ukulawula noma umsebenzi owengeziwe. Imikhaya futhi inganqikaza ukungenela uma beye baba nokuhlangenwe nakho okuphambene ngaphambili ezikoleni. Ukuvuselelwa:[ Isiqalo ngempumelelo encane, ebonakalayo, njengempumelelo kusihlwa (njengobusuku obuphumelelayo noma isenzakalo sokwazisa. Ukwakha ubudlelwane obubodwa ngesikhathi. Kudumisa ukuphumelela nokugcizelela ukuba nomfundi oyedwa wemiphumela ehlanganye.

Izindaba Eziphumelelayo Zasensimini

Izibonelo zezwe langempela zibonisa ukuthi yini engenzeka lapho imiphakathi ihlangana ngemva kwabafundi bayo.

Ukutadisha Icala: UMkhandlu Wobunye WaseOakland

E-Oakland, eCalifornia, iqoqo lezikole, inzuzo, nezinhlangano zedolobha lamisa i- “UMkhandlu Ongalawuleki” ukuze kuxoxwe ukungasebenzi okungamahlalakhona namazinga okuyeka. Basebenzisa indawo yokwaziswa eyodwa ukuze baphawule abafundi ngokungekho njalo futhi bathunyelwe imikhumbi yomphakathi (ngonyaka oqeqeshiwe nabazali nezakhamuzi zendawo (hhonor) ukuhambela ekhaya. Phakathi neminyaka emithathu, ukuphuma kobushiqela okungapheli kwehla ngamaphesenti angu-25, futhi izinga lokuthweswa iziqu kwanyuka ngamaphuzu ayishumi. Lo hlelo lwagcizelela ukuthobeka kwamasiko futhi lwanikeza ukusekela kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukudla, nokunakekela impilo, hhayi nje izifundiswa.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezifo: Imigwaqo Ehamba Ezindaweni Zasemaphandleni Zomsebenzi Wezandla Zase - Indiana

Isikole sase-Indiana sasemaphandleni esasisebenza nabakhiqizi bendawo, ikholiji lomphakathi, nehhovisi elandisiwe lesifunda ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lwe-Aremory Patways. Abafundi babengathola izitifiketi zokudayisa, abahlengikazi, nabasizi be-IT lapho besesesesikoleni esiphakeme. Lo hlelo lwaluhlanganisa ukukhokha imikhumbi yempi kanye nomeluleki walowo mthengisi. Amazinga okulahlekelwa ayesuka ku 8% kuya ku-3% eminyakeni engaphezu kwemine. Isihluthulelo sasihlela uhlelo lwezemakethengi ezidingekayo ngezidingo zangempela zemisebenzi futhi silungiselela izithutho ezisebenza.

Izifundo Ezifundiwe

  • Izindaba zomzamo eziqondile: Amakhambi asheshayo awavamile ukusebenza. Kokubili i-Oakland ne-Indiana zasekela izinyathelo zawo iminyaka emine noma ngaphezulu.
  • Ukuvuselelwa kwabafundi nemikhaya:[ Zombili izinhlelo zafuna ukufakwa kumalungu futhi zilungiswe ngokusekelwe ekuqondiseni.
  • [ I-data iqhuba izinqumo: njalo ukulandelela inani labakhona kanye nokuthembisana kwasiza imithombo yemali efunwayo ngokunempumelelo.
  • [ Iqophelo eliyingqophamlando: Ukuqaphela inani elingcono lababa khona, imisebenzi eqediwe, nokuthweswa iziqu kwagcina wonke umuntu ekhuthazekile.

Isiphetho

Ukunciphisa amazinga okuyeka akuyona inkinga izikole ezingayixazulula iyodwa. Kufuna ukuzimisela komphakathi wonke ukusonga ukusekela okudingwa yilowo nalowo mfundi − ngokomzwelo, ngokomzwelo, nengqondo, futhi nobuhlobo obunye. Izinqubo zomphakathi, uma ziklanywe ngokubambisana nangenjongo, zingaguqula ukulandelelana kwezindawo eziseduze. Ubufakazi bucacile: ubukhesha, ukuthembisana komkhaya, ngemva kwezinhlelo zesikole, kanye nokubambisana okuqinile nezinhlangano zendawo kuveza inzuzo engcono ekukhuthazeleni nasesifundweni sokuphothula.

Umsebenzi awusheshi futhi awulula. Kudingeka unqobe amagebe angokwezimali, ukuhlanganisa izingxenye, nokwakha ithemba lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi uphukile. Kodwa umvuzo `isizukulwane sabafundi abathweswa iziqu ngamakhono, ukuqiniseka, kanye nethemba," ufanele yonke imizamo. Wonke umphakathi unezinto okufanele uzenze. Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuhlanganisa abantu, ukulalela, nokwenza okuthile.