Indima Ebalulekile Yezinhlelo Zomphakathi Ekuqiniseni Imikhaya

Izinhlelo zomphakathi zisebenza njengezisekelo zezimo eziqinile, zinikeza imikhaya indlela yokuthola izimali eziqinile, igebe lemfundo, izinselele zempilo, kanye nokwehlukana phakathi kwabantu. Lezi zinyathelo zenzakalelayo mayelana nezikhungo zokudla kuya emaqenjini angemva kwesikole, azenzeki nje kuphela; zisebenza ngokuzinzisa isikhashana esiqinile nangokuya phezulu. Uma imikhaya ithola izimali ezithembekile nezinhlangano ezisekelanayo, izingane zisebenza kangcono esikoleni, abazali bathola umsebenzi olondolozwayo, futhi yonke imiphakathi ithola isilinganiso sobugebengu esiphansi nesibopho somphakathi esiphezulu. Namuhla, amaMelika acishe ayizigidi ezingu-40 athembele esimweni esithile sosizo esisekelwe emphakathi unyaka ngamunye, ngokwemininingwane ye-data yenkonzo yezentengiselwano yenkonzo [FLT:] [FLDUS]

Ukubaluleka Kwezinhlelo Zomphakathi

Izinhlelo zomphakathi zidinga ikheli elidlula phakathi kwemifantu ehleliwe. Umama ongayedwa osebenza imisebenzi emibili angase aswele isikhathi sokucwaninga ngemva kokunakekela kwesikole; isakhamuzi esikhulile semali emisiwe singayeka ukudla ukuze sikhokhe imithi. Izinhlelo zendawo zigcwalisa lezi zikhawu ngokunikeza izinkonzo ezifinyelelekayo, ezifanelekele ngokwesiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zikhuthaza ikhomishano yezenhlalo. Uma omakhelwane besebenza ngemoto yokudla noma besiza empilweni engcono yomphakathi, bakha ukwethembana nokulandisa kanye nokulandisa ngenani elikhulu lokuzi, futhi babiza izikhulu zezenhlalo ngokuthi “inhloko-mkhakhakha.” Lenhloko - nhloko inemiphumela engathi ikhona: ukucwaninga okuvela ku- Abantu abathatha isinyathelo esingu 2030 [FLT] [FLD1:1]

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le zinhlelo zisebenza ngezindleko. Imali ngayinye echithwa ekutholeni imfundo ephezulu yabantwana basemancane iveza ubugebengu obunciphileyo, imfuyo ekhethekile, nokuthembela kwezenhlalakahle. Ngokufanayo, izinhlelo zokusiza ukudla njenge SNAP (Isimiso sezenhlanganisela zezempilo) inciphisa izindleko zokunakekela impilo ngokuvimbela izifo ezihlobene nokudla. Izinhlelo zomphakathi azikho ukuphana; ziyinqubo ehlakaniphile yezezomnotho.

Izinhlobo Zezinhlelo Zomphakathi Ezisekela Imikhaya Yendawo

Izinhlelo zomphakathi zinezici eziningi, zibonisa izinselele ezihlukahlukene imikhaya ebhekene nazo. Ngezansi kunezigaba ezivame kakhulu, ngayinye enezibonelo eziqondile nemiphumela.

Izinhlelo Zokusiza Ngokudla

Izigidi zemikhaya zilwa nokungalondeki kokudla, ngenxa yokuthi azikwazi ukuthola ukudla okwanele okunempilo. Izinhlelo zosizo lokudla zixoxa ngalokhu:

Ngaphandle kokunciphisa indlala, lezinhlelo zithuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo kwezingane esikoleni futhi zinciphise ukucindezeleka kubazali, zikhulule imizwelo ukuze zifune umsebenzi noma ziqhubeke nemfundo.

Izinhlelo Zokusekela Imfundo

Imfundo iyindlela enamandla kakhulu yokuqeda imijikelezo yobumpofu. Izinhlelo zomphakathi zinezela esikoleni:

  • [[NTL:0] Ukuhlanganisa nokunikeza umeluleki: Izinhlelo zokuzithandela ezifana noMadoda amakhulu noma amaklabhu esikole asendaweni esiza abafundi ukuba baqonde izihloko ezinzima futhi bakhe ukuzethemba. Abafundi abafundisa izinhlelo aba cishe bangaphuthelwa esikoleni, ngesifundo [[FLT:].
  • Ngemva kwemfundo nentsebenziswano yasehlobo: Lezinhlelo zivimbela ukulahleka kokufunda, zinikeza ukuqondisa okuphephile, futhi zifundisa izingane ubuciko, i-STEM (isayensi yobuchwepheshe, ubunjiniyela, neMath), noma imidlalo. I-PftersGreek Alliance ibika ukuthi izingane eziyizigidi ezingu-10 zihlanganyela ezimisweni zangemva kwesikole, nabazali becaphuna amakhono athuthukisiwe ezenhlalo nasekwenzeni kwemfundo.
  • Imikhumbi kanye nemfundo: izisekelo zomphakathi zivame ukunikeza izifundiswa ezidingekayo, amashabhu angaphambili ekholiji, kanye nosizo lweFAFSA, okwenza imfundo ephakeme ifinyeleleke emikhayeni ehholo eliphansi.

Izinkonzo Zezempilo Nezinhlelo Zobumnandi

Ukukwazi ukufinyelela izinkonzo zezempilo ezibizayo kuseyinselele emikhayeni eminingi esebenzayo. Izinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi ziqeda:

  • Izikhungo zezempilo ezihlangene: Izikhungo zezempilo ezifanele (FQHCs) zinikeza ukunakekelwa okushelelayo kwesilinganiso esiyinhloko, amazinyo, kanye nezinkonzo zempilo yengqondo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zikhona yini umshuwalense. Iziguli ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30 zithembele kulezizindawo ezweni lonke.
  • [ Ukusekela impilo yengqondo: amaqembu asekelayo, izihlupho ezishisayo, kanye nokweluleka okungasho lutho kusiza imikhaya ukuba ilawule ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, usizi, nobuhlungu. Izinhlelo ezinjengo NAMI (I-National Alliance on Mental Disease) inikeza amakilasi akhululekile ontanga.
  • Izindlela zempilo ezi-'FLT' ezi-'i-'i-PNT' ezi-'i-'i-'i-PNT'': Imishini yokuhlinza, izinhlelo zokunakekela kwangaphambi kokubeletha, kanye nokweluleka ngokondleka kokudla kunciphisa izindleko zesikhathi eside zezokwelapha futhi kuthuthukise imiphumela yempilo kamama nengane.

Ukuqeqeshelwa Umsebenzi Nezinkonzo Zomsebenzi

Umsebenzi onenjongo uyisisekelo sokuzinza komkhaya. Izinhlelo zentuthuko yezisebenzi ezisemphakathini zinikeza:

  • [ Ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi: kufunda ukuphinda ubhale, ukufunda ikhomphyutha, amakhono olimi, kanye nokubhala ngezatifiketi (umz., ukudayisa, ukukhokhela ezokwelapha) kulungiselela abahlanganyeli ukuba bafeze indima ezilungisiwe.
  • Ukufakwa nokuqondisa umsebenzi: Izinhlelo eziningi ezisebenza nabaqashi bendawo ukuze bakhe umphazamiso walabo abathweswa iziqu. Amazinga okuzigcina athuthukayo uma imikhaya ithola ukusekela okuqhubekayo, njengokusekela izinto zokuhamba noma ukunakekela izingane.
  • Ukusekela kwe-Entrepreneurship: I-micromending, ibhizinisi, kanye nomeluleki kusiza imikhaya ukuba iqale amabhizinisi amancane, ibangele inzuzo nokukhula kwezomnotho.

Izeluleko Zomkhaya Nokusekela

Inhlalakahle engokomzwelo ibalulekile kodwa ivame ukunganakwa. Izinhlelo zomphakathi ziyalungiselela:

  • Amakilasi oParents: Izikole ezisekelwe kubufakazi njenge Triple P (Uhlelo Lokugcina Umzali) lunciphisa ukuxhashazwa kwezingane futhi luthuthukise ubuhlobo bomzali nomntwana.
  • Ukwelashwa komkhaya: Izinkonzo zokweluleka ezilinganiselwe zisiza imikhaya ukuba ibhekane nezingxabano, usizi, noma ukucindezeleka kwezinguquko ezinkulu njengesahlukaniso noma ukungasebenzi.
  • Amaqembu asekelayo: Amaqembu abazali abangabodwa, abanakekeli bezingane ezikhubazekile, noma imikhaya elulamayo ekusebenziseni izinto ezidakayo inikeza indawo ephephile yokuhlanganyela amasu nesikhuthazo.

Izinzuzo Zangempela: Indlela Izinhlelo Zomphakathi Ezishintsha Ngayo Ukuphila

Izinhlelo zomphakathi zizuzisa nangaphezu kokusinda ngokushesha, futhi lapho imikhaya ihlanganyela, ibona intuthuko ephawulekayo ezindaweni eziningi.

Ukutholakala Kwemithombo Edingekayo Kuthuthukisiwe

Izinhlelo zisebenza njengesango lokuvala elinye. Umkhaya ovakashele indawo yokulayishela ukudla ungafunda nangosizo lwezenzuzo, izihlongozo zempilo, noma ukulungiselela intela yamahhala. Lokhu “kuveza” kunciphisa ukuhlukana okuvame ukuphazamisa imikhaya ekufuneni usizo. Ngokwe- Urban Institute, ukuthunyelwa kwenkonzo okuhlangene kwandisa amazinga okuhlanganyela ngo-20,30% uma kuqhathaniswa nokuma kwezinhlelo ze-alal.

Izinga Elikhuliswe Lokuphila Nokuba Yinhle

Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo kunciphisa ukucindezeleka okungamahlalakhona, okuthuthukisa impilo engokomzimba, ukulala, nokucasuka kwengqondo. Abazali abangasakhathazeki ngokuxoshwa noma indlala bangasebenzisa amandla engeziwe ekunakekeleni izingane zabo.

Amaqembu Omphakathi Aqinile

Izinhlelo ezihlanganisa omakhelwane nezindawo ezinamathikithi, izingadi zomphakathi, ukuzalanisa izingane ezihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kulolu hlelo. Lobu buhlobo bungamanetha okuphepha: umakhelwane angathatha uhambo oluya esibhedlela noma ahole emsebenzini. Ukubambisana okukhulu kwezenhlalo kuhlobene nokwehlisa ubugebengu, ukwethembana kakhulu ezinhlanganweni, futhi umvoti omkhulu.

Amathuba Ezomnotho Ayandisiwe

Ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi, imfundo, nokuqondisa ngokwezimali kusiza imikhaya ukuba isuke ekusindeni iye ekuchumeni. Brookings Institution ithola ukuthi izinhlelo ezibanzi zokwenza imfundo yamakhono nezinkonzo zokusekela, [1] labo abathola inzuzo ngesilinganiso se 25% phakathi neminyaka emibili. Lokhu kunyakaza kwezomnotho kuqhubekela phambili, njengoba izingane ezithathe isikole esiphakeme futhi ziphishekele imfundo ephakeme.

Izindaba Eziphumelelayo: Izinhlelo Ezishintsha Ukuphila

Ukusuka Ekungalondekini Kokudla Kuya Ekunakekeleni: Umkhaya WakwaJohnson

Lapho bobabili abazali belahlekelwa imisebenzi yabo lapho isimo sezomnotho sintengantenga, umkhaya wakwaJohnson wathembela ekudleni komphakathi ukuze ugcine ukudla etafuleni. Isitolo asigcinanga nje ngokudla okunomsoco kodwa futhi sawahlanganisa nesimiso sangemva kwesikole esisenkabeni yomphakathi. Izingane zabo ezimbili zathola ukufundisa nokudla okushisayo njalo kusihlwa. Ngokuncishiswa kwezingane ekhaya, amamaki ezingane athuthuka kakhulu, futhi bobabili abazali bathola imisebenzi emisha phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha. “Uhlelo lokudla lwasinika indawo yokuphefumula ukuze sigxile ekutholeni umsebenzi nasekusizeni izingane ngesikole,” kusho uNkk. Johnson. “Kwakuwukuwukuwukudla okulungile.

Uhambo LukaMaria: Ukuqeqeshelwa Umsebenzi Njengendlela Yokuzimela

UMaria, umama ongashadile wezingane ezimbili, wayelokhu esebenza imisebenzi ephansi engenanzuzo. Wabhalisa esimisweni sokuqeqesha izingane emsebenzini wasekholiji somphakathi esixhaswe yizimali zemali yendawo. Uhlelo lwanikeza izingane ukunakekelwa mahhala phakathi nezifundo, ukuthuthwa kwempahla, nomeluleki owamsiza ukuba alawule izimfuno zomsebenzi nesikole. Ezinyangeni ezingu-18, uMaria wathola isiqinisekiso sokuba umsizi wehhovisi lezokwelapha futhi wathola isikhundla esiphelele somshuwalensele wempilo. Imali yakhe yaphindeka kabili, futhi wakwazi ukuthutha umkhaya wakhe ukuba ungene endaweni ephephile. “Ngaphambi kwalesi simiso, ngazizwa ngivalekile,” kusho uMaria. “Manje nginesikhathi esiphakathi nezinyanga ezingu-18 nginomsebenzi, hhayi nje.”

AbaseSmith: Ukwelapha Ubuhlobo Bomkhaya Ngeseluleko

Ukucindezela kwezezimali kanye nokucindezela kwangaphandle kwashiya umkhaya waseSmith ulwisana nezimpikiswano ezingapheli kanye nebanga elingokomzwelo. Baqala ukuya esimisweni somkhaya sokululeka somphakathi mahhala esasisebenzisa amasu okuxhumana asekelwe kubufakazi. Ngemva kwezikhathi eziyisithupha, abazali nabantwana babika ukuthi bazizwa bezwiwe futhi beqondwa. Lolu hlelo lwanikeza futhi izikhungo zokuqondisa ukucindezeleka kanye nezikhokhisi zokuqeqesha ngokwezimali. “Asiqaphelangaqondi ukuthi sasidinga usizo olungakanani kwaze kwaba yilapho siluthola,” kusho uMnu. Smith. “Ikhaya lethu linokuthula futhi sizizwa njengeqembu.”

Indaba Entsha: Umkhaya WaseRivera Nengadi Yomphakathi

I-Riveras yayihlala “ehlane lokudla” elingenayo isitolo sokudla phakathi nohambo. Uhlelo lwengadi yomphakathi lwabanika ifolishi encane, imbewu, nezindawo zokusebenzela izingadi nokudla. Ngenkathi eyodwa, babetshala imifino eyanele yokondla umkhaya wabo wabantu abane, enensada yokuhlanganyela nomakhelwane. Insimu yaba indawo yokubuthana, ukuthuthukisa ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu abadala namasiko. Umkhaya manje usekela ukwandisa izithuba eziluhlaza ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwenkonzo. “Asidli nje kuphela izitshalo ezinempilo, [we] sinomakhelwane bethu,” kusho uMr Rive. “Umqondo wokwaba ungaba nobuntu ubiza imali eyigugu.”

Indlela Yokuhileleka: Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Kumalungu Omphakathi

Wonke umuntu angaba nendima ekuqiniseni izinhlelo zomphakathi.

Zinikele Ngesikhathi Namakhono Akho

Izinhlelo eziningi zithembele kakhulu ezisebenzini zokuzithandela.

  • Ukunikeza noma ukunikeza umxhumanisi: Ukunikeza usizo lwemfundo noma isiqondiso sokuphila komusha. Izinhlelo eziningi zinikeza ukuqeqeshwa nokuzimisela kwamasonto onke.
  • Ukukhonza ukudla noma iminikelo yokuhlela: amabhange okudla nezikhungo zidinga izandla ukupakisha amabhokisi, amashelefu amashelefu, noma ukupheka.
  • Ukufundisa ishabhu: Uma unolwazi lwezezimali, engadini, noma ngokuphinda ubhale, uhola ikilasi esikhungweni somphakathi.
  • Inkonzo ye-Board: amabhodi angazuzisi adinga amalungu asemthethweni, angokwezimali, noma aqoqe amakhono okuqondisa.

Yinike Ngokuhlakanipha Imicebo

Iminikelo yezezimali ivame ukuphumelela kakhulu ngoba izinhlangano zingathenga lokho ezikudingayo ngezikhathi ezinkulu. Kodwa futhi iminikelo etholakala ngezindlela ezihlukene isiza:

  • [[Ukudla okungasheshiyo: 0] Impahla engasheshi, umkhiqizo omusha ongaveli engadini yakho, noma amakhadi okuphana izitolo ezidla.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ukulungisa nempahla zasendlini: Kuhlanzekile, kusetshenziswa kancane izinto emikhayeni ephuma ngaphandle kokungabi nakhaya noma izikhungo eziphuthumayo.
  • Izinkonzo zomsebenzi: nikeza ukuhlola komthetho ngokukhululekile, ukulungiselela intela, noma izihlolo zempilo.

Abasekeli Boshintsho Lwesimiso Sokwenza Izinto

Kubalulekile ukunikela ngokuzithandela, kodwa ukushintsha kwenqubo kuletha ithonya elihlala njalo.

  • Ukuhlangana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe: Abameleli abanxusa ukusekela ukuxhasa i-SNAP, izikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi, ne-Shead Start.
  • [ Ukuqaphela: Hlanganisa izindaba zempumelelo nokwaziswa kwezembuyiselo zezokuxhumana noma kumaphephandaba endawo ukuze wakhe ukusekela komphakathi.
  • Ukuvota okhethweni lwendawo: ibhodi yesikole, umkhandlu wedolobha, nezihlalo zekhomishane yesifundazwe, ukuhlelwa kohlelo lwemali yamapaki, imitapo, nezinkonzo zomphakathi.

Ukuhlanganyela Nokwakha Umphakathi

Uma uveza isisekelo somphakathi, utshela abanye ukuthi umphakathi unezindaba ezithinta umphakathi, okukhuthaza ukuthembisana nokunikela okwengeziwe, kuqinisa isosha.

Indima Yemikhumbi Yomphakathi Ethinta Ukushintshashintsha

Ayikho inhlangano engakwazi ukuxazulula izinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi imikhaya ebhekene nazo. Izinhlelo zomphakathi eziphumelela kakhulu zivela ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni, ezingezinzuzo, amabhizinisi, nezinhlangano ezisekelwe ekukholweni. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha lingase libe isakhiwo sebhange lokudla, inkampani exhasa izimali imishini yokufaka isiqandisi, nezisebenzi zokuzithandela zesonto. Izinhlangano ezinjalo zokubambisana zomphakathi zivela emandleni omngane ngamunye: uhulumeni unikeza izinga futhi afinyelele, izinzuzo ezingalethi ziletha ukwethenjwa nobuchwepheshe, futhi amabhizinisi asiza ekuthuthukiseni impumelelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi.

Esinye isibonelo esiphawulekayo “ithonya elihlanganisayo”, lapho izinhlangano zivumelana khona ngokuhlela, zihlanganyela ulwazi, futhi zixhumanisa imizamo. Izinhlangano ezisebenzisa le ndlela zibona ukwehla okukhulu kokukhuluphala kwabantwana, ukungabi namakhaya, nokungasebenzi. Stive Togeter[[FL:1] ka-Enye umzekelo, i-net yolwembu, iye yasiza ama-60+ imiphakathi ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yezingane eziyizigidi ezingu-14 ngokuhlangana phakathi kwezingane ezizalelwa kunonophethi.

Isiphetho: Ukwakha Ikusasa Eliqhakazile Ndawonye

Izinhlelo zomphakathi zingaphezu nje kwamanetha okuphepha. Zinikeza imithombo, ukuxhumana, namathuba imikhaya edinga ukubhekana nawokunqoba ubunzima futhi ifinyelele inhlalakahle ehlala njalo. Ngosizo lokudla nokunakekela impilo kuya emfundweni nasekuqeqesheni umsebenzi, lezi zinyathelo zidingida izimbangela eziyinhloko zobumpofu nokungalingani. Kodwa izinhlelo zodwa azinele; zidinga ukuhileleka okusebenzayo kuzo zonke izingxenye zomphakathi. Ngokunikela, ukusekela, nokumane ubonise, ungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi yonke imikhaya (nesizinda esingenayo) isizinda (----chemissssss) iphumelela. Uma imiphakathi ifaka imali emikhayeni yayo, yenza umphumela wamandla ahlala izizukulwane.