Isingeniso: Isisekelo Senhlangano Yanamuhla

Izinkonzo zikahulumeni ziyisisekelo sokuphila kwansuku zonke kunoma yimuphi umphakathi ohleliwe. Kusukela emigwaqweni abantu abaya ezikoleni, kusukela emanzini ahlanzekile ageleza esuka kumpompi kuya kubasizi abaphendula inhlekelele, ziboshelwe entweni ekhona nsuku zonke. Kodwa izakhamuzi eziningi azivamile ukuma zicabange ngokugcwele ngalokho uhulumeni akunikezayo noma ukuthi kungani lemisebenzi ibalulekile kangaka. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlola okubanzi ezinkonzweni zikahulumeni: ukuthi zinjani, zisebenza kanjani, zikhonza bani, nokuthi kungani zisebenza kanjani, futhi kungani zibaluleke kakhulu kunanini ekhulwini lama-21.

Kunokuba kube imisebenzi engabonakali, izinkonzo zikahulumeni zithinta ngokuqondile impilo, ukuphepha, imfundo, amathuba ezomnotho, nezindawo ezizungezile. Ukuqonda kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zenze izinqumo zolwazi, zihlanganyele ngokunenzuzo nezinhlangano zomphakathi, futhi ziqaphele ukubaluleka kokusebenza ndawonye. Njengoba imiphakathi iqhubeka iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, indima yezinkonzo zikahulumeni iyaqhubeka ibhebhetheka . Ukusetshenziswa kwezinselele ezintsha, ukuzuza ubuchwepheshe obusha, nokulwela ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomphakathi ohlukahlukene.

Ukubukeza Okunemininingwane Eningiliziwe Kuyini Izinkonzo Zikahulumeni?

Izinkonzo zikahulumeni zihlanganisa izinhlelo eziningi, imisebenzi, nesisekelo esinikezwa umphakathi, uhulumeni wendawo, nohulumeni. Lezi zinkonzo zixhaswa ngokuyinhloko ngentela, intela, intela, nokuthutha kohulumeni, futhi zinikezelwa izisebenzi zomphakathi, izinhlangano ezitholanayo, nezinhlangano ezisebenza nabo. Isici esivelele senkonzo kahulumeni ukuthi bafeza inzuzo yomphakathi kunokuba bakhonze inzuzo yangasese.

Izinkonzo zikahulumeni zingahlukaniswa ngezindlela eziningi: ngesilinganiso sikahulumeni (isigebengu, umbuso, indawo), ngemisebenzi (isivikelo, imfundo, impilo, isisekelo), ngokusekela ngezimali (imali egciniwe, izintela ezibotshelelwe), izikweleti), noma ngenzuzo (abantu, amabhizinisi, imiphakathi). Nokho, isakhiwo esiwusizo ngokwengeziwe sicabangela lokho lezi zinkonzo ezikufezayo: bavikela, bafundisa, baphulukise, baxhumane, basekele, futhi basekele.

Izinkonzo zikahulumeni ziye zakhula kakhulu phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, izinkonzo zikahulumeni zazilinganiselwe, zigxile ekuvikeleni izwe, ekuthumeleni iposi, emasikweni, nasezisekelweni eziyisisekelo. Namuhla, ohulumeni kuzo zonke izigaba banikeza amanetha aphakeme okuvikela umphakathi, imithetho yendawo ezungezile, izimiso zezempilo zomphakathi, kanye nezinhlangano zemfundo ezithuthukile. Lokhu kwanda kubonisa ukuqaphela komphakathi okwandayo ukuthi izidingo eziningi ezibalulekile zixazululwa kangcono ngezenzo zomphakathi wonke.

Izinhlobo Zezinkonzo Zikahulumeni

Nakuba izinkonzo zikahulumeni zihlukahluka kakhulu emazweni nasezindaweni ezithile, izigaba ezithile zibusa yonke indawo namuhla.

Ukuphepha Komphakathi Nobulungisa

Izindawo zokuphepha zomphakathi mhlawumbe ziwubukhomba obubonakalayo kakhulu nobesikhashana kuhulumeni. Zihlanganisa ukugcinwa komthetho, ukuvikelwa komlilo, izinkonzo zokwelapha eziphuthumayo (EMS), ukusabela ngenhlekelele, nesimiso sokwahlulela kobugebengu (izinkantolo, izijeziso, ukugcinwa kwecala). Lezi zinkonzo zigcina ukuhleleka, zivikela ukuphila nempahla, futhi ziqinisekisa ukulandisa ngaphansi komthetho.

Izinhlangano eziqapha umthetho zendawo, ezweni, nasembusweni zisebenza ukuze zivimbele futhi zihlole ubugebengu, ziphoqelele imithetho yezimoto, futhi zithathe isinyathelo esiphuthumayo. Iminyango yomlilo inikeza ukunqanda umlilo, ukusabela kwezinto eziyingozi, futhi inikeza izinkonzo zezokwelapha eziqhubekayo. Isimiso sobulungisa esihlanganisa abashushisi, abavikeli bomphakathi, amajaji, nezindawo zokulungisa inqubo yezeluleko − ukuqinisekisa nokukhipha imiphumela yokuziphatha kobugebengu.

Izinhlangano zokuqondisa izinhlekelele zemvelo njengezinhlekelele, ukuzamazama komhlaba, imigodi yemlilo, nezikhukhula. Izinhlangano ezinjenge Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) eUnited States zinikeza izimali, imishini, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusiza imiphakathi ukuba ilungiselele, isabelele, futhi ilulame ezimweni eziphuthumayo. I-Fumev.[FLT]

Imfundo Nentuthuko Esebenzayo

Imfundo esungulwe nguhulumeni ingenye yezigaba ezinkulu kakhulu zenkonzo yomphakathi nenethonya elikhulu. E-United States, imfundo yomphakathi kusukela enkulisa kuya kweyeshumi nambili inikezwa mahhala kuzo zonke izingane, ixhaswe yintela yendawo, inzuzo kahulumeni, kanye nemali ekhokhelwayo kahulumeni. Amakolishi omphakathi namayunivesithi anikeza imfundo ephakeme ngokwezinga eliphansi, futhi izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi ziqeqeshela abantu imisebenzi engcono.

Izinkonzo zemfundo zidlulela ngalé kwemfundo engokwesiko. Izinhlelo zemfundo zabantwana bakudala njenge-Phead Start zisekela ukuthuthuka okuphansi kwezingane ezithola imali. Izincwadi zomphakathi zinikeza ukutholakala kwamandla okwaziswa, ezobuchwepheshe, nezindawo zomphakathi. Ukuqeqesha nokuqeqeshelwa izifundo, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa ngamakholiji omphakathi noma ngamanxusa ezwe, zisiza izisebenzi ukuba zizuze amakhono adingekayo ngabaqashi.

Inzuzo yezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano nezenhlalo iyanda.

Ukunakekelwa Kwempilo Nempilo Yomphakathi

Izinkonzo zosizo lukahulumeni zisebenza ngamazinga amaningi. Uhulumeni uphethe amaMedica asebekhulile nabantu abakhubazekile, amaMedicaid kubantu abaphansi abafikayo kanye nemikhaya, i-Veterans Health Administration for the sorvices, ne-Indiya Health Service for Abomdar America. Uhulumeni nohulumeni bendawo baphethe izibhedlela zomphakathi, imitholampilo yomphakathi, nezinkonzo zempilo zengqondo.

Izinkonzo zezempilo zomphakathi zigxile empilweni yabantu kunasekunakekeleni kwezokwelapha ngabunye. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqapha izifo, imikhankaso yokugoma, imfundo yempilo, ukuhlola ukudla, ukuhlola amazinga amanzi, nokulawula izifo ezithathelwanayo. I-CPFS enjengeziko lokunqanda izifo (CDC) neWorld Health Organization (WHO) ihlela izindinganiso, iqoqa ukwaziswa, nokuhlela ukusabela ezisongweni zempilo. CDC.gov

Imithetho kahulumeni iqinisekisa futhi ukuphepha kwemithi, imishini yezokwelapha, imikhiqizo yokudla, nezindawo zomsebenzi. IFDA ivumela imithi futhi iqondisa ukuphepha kwayo, kuyilapho i-OSHA imisa izindinganiso zokuphepha emsebenzini. Lemisebenzi yokuqondisa ivimbela ukulimala nokwakha ukuthemba umphakathi emikhiqizweni nasezinkonzweni.

Izakhiwo Nezokuhamba

Izinkonzo zokulungisa izakhiwo yizimiso ezingokoqobo ezenza ukuba ukuphila kwanamuhla kukwazi ukwakhiwa nokugcinwa kwemigwaqo, amabhuloho, imihubhe, izikhumulo zezindiza, izikhumulo zemikhumbi, izitimela zesitimela, nezimiso zokuthutha umphakathi.

Izakhiwo zezokuthutha zibalulekile emsebenzini wezezomnotho, zihlanganisa abantu nemisebenzi, izimpahla, futhi nemiphakathi ixhumene. I- Interstate Highway System, yaqala ngawo-1950, ingenye yemisebenzi emikhulu kakhulu yomphakathi emlandweni. Izimiso zokuthutha zikawonke-wonke ($bbasis, imigwaqo ehamba ngaphansi komhlaba, izitimela zegesi) zenza izigidi ezingakwazi noma ezikhetha ukushayela zikwazi ukushayela.

Izakhiwo zamanzi zibaluleke ngokufanayo. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni ziqinisekisa amanzi ahlanzekile okuphuza ngezindawo zokwelapha nangezimiso zokusakaza, futhi zilawula amanzi angcolile ukuze zivikele impilo yomphakathi nendawo ezungezile. I-Evironmental Protection Agency yase-U.S. (EPA) imisa izindinganiso zokuphuza amazinga amanzi futhi yengamele ukuhlanzwa kwezindawo ezingcolile. EPA.

Kulelikhulu lama-21, i-intanethi eboshiwe iye yaba umsebenzi wezesisekelo obucayi. Ohulumeni kuwo wonke amazinga batshala imali ekwandiseni ukungena kwe-inthanethi ephakeme ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nangaphansi kwe-index, beqaphela ukuthi ukuxhumana kubalulekile emfundweni, ekunakekeleni impilo, emabhizinisini, nasemphakathini.

Izinkonzo Zomphakathi Nokusekelwa

Izinkonzo zomphakathi zinikeza abantu nemikhaya ebhekene nobunzima bezomnotho, ukukhubazeka, noma ezinye izinselele. Lezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa usizo lwemali (njengosizo lwesikhashana lwemikhaya esweleyo, noma lwe-TANF, kanye nosizo lwe-Someral Security Income, noma i-SSI), usizo lokudla (I-Supplient Interition Consolation Program, noma SNAP), usizo lwezindlu (Izikhungo zomphakathi ezingu-8, izindlu zomphakathi), kanye nosizo lwamandla (LIIAIAIP).

Izinkonzo zomphakathi zihlanganisa nezinkonzo zokuvikela izingane, ukunakekelwa, ukusekela izingane zokutholwa, izinkonzo zasebekhulile nabantu abakhubazekile, nezinhlelo zomakad’ebona. Lezi zinkonzo zihloselwe ukuvimbela ukuxhashazwa nokunganakwa, ukusekela abantu abasengozini, nokusiza abantu ukuba bafinyelele ukuqina nokuzisiza.

Isimiso sokuphepha somphakathi siyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngokuvamile sihlukene phakathi, nezinhlelo ezihlukene ezinikezwa yizinhlangano zikahulumeni, zikahulumeni, nohulumeni, kanye nendawo. Izilinganiso zokuthola inzuzo, nezinqubo zokusebenza zihluka kakhulu. Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, izinkonzo zomphakathi zifeza indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni ubumpofu, indlala, nokungabi namakhaya. Ngokwe-U.S., izinhlelo zomshuwalense wezenhlalo zaphakamisa izigidi zabantu ngaphezu kobubhavu eminyakeni yamuva.

Isivikelo Sendawo Ezungezile Nemithombo Yemvelo

Izinkonzo zendawo ezungezile zivikela umoya, amanzi, izwe, kanye nezimiso zendawo ezungezile zezizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo. Ohulumeni bamisa futhi baqikelele imithetho elinganisela ukungcola, ukuphatha imfucumfucu, ukuvikela izilwane ezisengozini, nokuvikela amazwe omphakathi. I-EPA inikeza imithetho eyinhloko yendawo ezungezile, kuhlanganise ne-Cec Air Act, Cecter Water Act, kanye ne-Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.

Izindawo zokuhlala, amahlathi, iziphephelo zezilwane zasendle, kanye nezindawo zokukhosela zasolwandle zingamazwe ahlaliselwe uhulumeni alondoloza ubuhle bemvelo, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo namathuba okuzijabulisa. Izwe namapaki endawo kunezinzuzo ezifanayo ngezilinganiso ezincane.

Izivumelwano zomhlaba wonke zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuncipha kwe - ozone, nokulondolozwa kwezilwane nezitshalo nezilwane zincike ekuhlanganyeleni nasekusetshenzisweni kukahulumeni.

Ithonya Lezomnotho Lezinkonzo Zikahulumeni

Izinkonzo zikahulumeni aziyona nje izindleko emphakathini; ziyizindleko eziyisisekelo zomkhiqizo wezomnotho nokuzinza. Izisebenzi ezifundile, izakhiwo ezithembekile, izimiso zezempilo zomphakathi eziphumelelayo, kanye namanetha aqinile okuvikela umphakathi adala izimo zokukhula nokusungulwa kwezindawo zomphakathi.

Ngokwesibonelo, imali esetshenziswayo inamandla kakhulu. Wonke amaRandi afakwe emigwaqweni, emabhulohweni nasendleleni angenisa izindleko zezomnotho eziningi ngokunciphisa izindleko zokuhamba, ukuthuthukisa imishini yokwakha, nokusungula imisebenzi yokwakha. Imfundo yomphakathi yandisa inhloko - dolobha yabantu, ikhuphula amathuba okuthola intela esikhathini eside sokuphila. Ukungenela kwempilo yomphakathi kungavimbela izifo ezingase zinciphe imithombo yezomnotho futhi kunciphise impatho yezisebenzi.

Izinkonzo zomphakathi zinezinzuzo zezomnotho. Izinhlelo ezinjenge-SNAP nomshuwalense wokungasebenzi zisebenza njengezingaqiniseki ezizenzekelayo phakathi nokwehla kwemali, ukulondoloza imali ethengiswayo lapho imfuno yangasese incipha. Usizo lwezindlu lunciphisa ukungabi namakhaya, okuthi nakho kunciphise ukunakekelwa kwempilo nezindleko zezinkonzo eziphuthumayo. Imfundo yabantwana bakuqala iveza inzuzo enkulu ngokusebenza kahle kwesikole, ukuzuza imali ephakeme, nokunciphiswa kobugebengu.

Izimali ezinikezwa uhulumeni zixhaswa ngokuyinhloko ngentela, eyindaba yempikiswano eqhubekayo yezombangazwe. Nokho, uma zibhekwa njengokuthengwa kwezinzuzo ezihlanganyelwe, imali yentela ingaqondwa njengenzuzo engcono. Isihluthulelo siwukuphumelela: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkonzo ziletha inani elikhulu kakhulu lamaRandi asetshenziswayo.

Indlela Izinkonzo Zikahulumeni Ezisekelwa Ngayo

Ukuqonda izindlela zokuxhasa imali kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela izinkonzo zikahulumeni ezisebenza ngayo.

Amathekisi awumthombo omkhulu kakhulu. Uhulumeni uncike ngokuyinhloko ezintelani zeholo nasenkokhisweni yemitapo (okuthi izimali zezeNyukathi nezezentengiselwano). Ohulumeni basebenzisa ukuxubana kwentela yeholo, izintela zokuthengisa, nezintela zokukhokha. Ohulumeni bendawo bathembele kakhulu ezintelani zempahla, kanye nentela yomthengisi kanye nenkokhelo yomsebenzisi. Ukuthengiswa kwemithwalo yentela yentela kanye nokuthengwa kwemali yenkokheli kuyimicimbi yengxoxo eqhubekayo.

Inkokhelo yemali ekhokhelwayo nekhokhwa izinkonzo zezikhwama ezizuzisa abantu abathile noma amaqembu. Izibonelo zihlanganisa imigwaqo ekhokhwayo, imali yokuthutha yomphakathi, izindleko zokungena epaki, nemali yokwakha imvume.

Ukudluliswa kwezindawo zikahulumeni kuhambisa imali phakathi kwamazinga kahulumeni. Uhulumeni unikeza iminikelo emazweni nasezindaweni ezimisweni ezinjenge-Medicaid, imfundo, ezothutho, nezosizo lwenhlekelele. Lokhu kudluliswa kungaba nemibandela (izifunda eziqinile ukuze zihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezithile) noma ngokungaguquguquki (ukuvumela ukuvumelana nokusetshenziswa).

Ukuboleka phakathi kwezibopho kuyingesinye inqubo yokuxhasa ngemali, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini emikhulu enjengezikole, imigwaqo emikhulu, nezindawo zokwelapha amanzi. Amabond asakazwa izindleko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, afanelana nezinzuzo zesisekelo zesikhathi eside nezikhokhelo zesikhathi esizayo eziyojabulela lezonzuzo.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Ezinhlanganweni Zikahulumeni Zanamuhla

Ubuchwepheshe bushintsha indlela izinkonzo zikahulumeni ezinikezwa ngayo, buzenze zifinyeleleke, ziphumelele futhi ziphumelele. Ukushintsha amanani kuye kwaba yinto eyinhloko kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni, okubhebhethekiswa umqedazwe we - COVID-19.

Ku-line marboals nama-apples ahamba-hambayo kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zingene ezinkonzweni ngaphandle kokuvakashela amahhovisi angokoqobo. Abantu bangavuselela ilayisense yomshayeli, intela yamafayela, ifakele izinzuzo, ibhalise ukuvota, futhi ikhokhe imali ehlawulisiwe ku-ilayini. Lemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe inciphisa izikhathi zokulinda, izindleko zokulawula eziphansi, futhi ithuthukise ukwaneliseka kwamakhasi.

Izindlela zokuhlola izimpawu zisiza ohulumeni ukuba baphawule izidingo, imithombo efunwayo, kanye nemiphumela yesilinganiso. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlangano zezempilo zomphakathi zisebenzisa ukwaziswa ukuze zilandele ukuqubuka kwezifo futhi zinikeze imithi yokugoma. Iminyango yezokuthutha ihlaziya izindlela zezimoto ukuze kuhlelwe kahle isikhathi sokushaya nokunciphisa ukuminyana. Izinhlangano zenkonzo zomphakathi zisebenzisa izimo zokubikezela ukuthi imikhaya isengozini yokuhlaselwa kwezingane futhi zingenele kusekuseni.

Ukuhlakanipha nomshini owenziweyo kusetshenziswa kakhulu ekusebenziseni imisebenzi ejwayezi. Amachathabot aphendula imibuzo yesakhamuzi, izinhlelo zezinhlelo zezinhlelo, futhi ama-algorith afunda ngemishini ahlola ukukhwabanisa ezimisweni ezizuzisayo. Le mishini ikhulula izisebenzi ezingabantu ukuba zigxile ezicatshazweni eziyinkimbinkimbi nasezinqumweni ezihleliwe.

Nokho, ubuchwepheshe buletha izinselele. Izinsongo zobuphekula zidinga ukuqapha njalo nokutshala imali. Ukuhlukana kwamanani kusho ukuthi ezinye izakhamuzi azinawo amakhono okufunda kuyi-intanethi noma amanani. Izinkinga zomuntu siqu kumelwe zihambisane nezinzuzo zokwenziwa kwemininingwane. Ohulumeni kumelwe baqinisekise ukuthi ubuchwepheshe busebenza ngokulinganayo nangokubamba i-internet, hhayi nje ukuphumelela.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nezinkonzo Zikahulumeni

Naphezu kwendima yazo ebalulekile, izinkonzo zikahulumeni zibhekana nezinselele ezinkulu neziphikelelayo ezisongela ukuphumelela nokusekelwa kwazo.

iziphakamiso zezimali ziyindaba engapheli. Intela ivame ukukhula kancane, kuyilapho imfuno yezinkonzo ikhula lapho inani labantu likhula, inani labantu asebegugile, futhi izindleko zinyuka. Ohulumeni abaningi babhekana nokuswelakala kwemali edinga izakhiwo, iphoqelela ukukhetha okunzima phakathi kwemali ebekwa phambili. Ukulondolozwa kwezezimali , amabhuloho, izimiso zamanzi, inzuzo ebanzi yokuxhasa imali.

Amandla angokobupolitiki angaphazamisa izinkonzo. Izinguquko zezokuphatha ziletha amashifu ezinto eziza kuqala, amazinga okuxhasa imali, nohlelo. I-partislock ye-rapy ingabambezela izimali, ukumiswa, nokuvinjelwa kwezinguquko ezidingekayo. Imijikelezo emifushane yezombangazwe ingangqubuzana nokuhlela nokutshala isikhathi eside.

Ukwethembana okungokobuningi kanye nokuqonda kubucayi kodwa kulula. Okuhlangenwe nakho okungathandeki ngesimiso sokuphatha, imibono yokulahlwa kodoti nokunganeliseki, nokuncishiswa kwezombangazwe kungaqeda ukuthemba kuhulumeni. Ukuthembana kukwenza kube nzima ukunyusa inzuzo, izinhlelo, nokuqamba amasu. Ukubuyisela ukwethemba kudinga ukubonakala, ukulandisa, nemiphumela engcono.

Izinselele zomsebenzi [[FLT: 0] ziyakhula. Amanxusa kahulumeni amaningi abhekene nezisebenzi ezigugile, enamanani amakhulu ezisebenzi ezinokuhlangenwe nakho ezisondela emhlalaphansi. Ukuthatha futhi ukulondoloza izisebenzi ezinekhono, ikakhulukazi emasimini obuchwepheshe njenge-IT, i-inthaneti, nobunjiniyela, kuya kuba nzima kakhulu uma iholo lezisebenzi zomuntu siqu liphakeme. Izinqubo zokuqasha abantu nezisebenzi eziqinile zihlela ukuhlanganisa lenkinga.

[ Ushintsho lwezentengiselwano luyithuba nenselele. Izimiso zefa zibiza kakhulu ukuzigcina futhi kube nzima ukuzihlanganisa namapulatifomu anamuhla. Usongo lwezentengiselwano luba luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ohulumeni kumelwe baqhubeke befaka imali ekwazini ukuqeqesha, ukusekela izakhiwo, nentuthuko ukuze bagcine ijubane.

ukulingana nokufakwa kuseyibhizinisi elingakagqitywa. Ngokomlando, izinkonzo zikahulumeni azizange zihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwemigqa yezinhlanga, yezwe, yezwe, nezezomnotho. Ukuhlenga, ukungalungi kwendawo ezungezile, nokungalingani kwezimali zesikole kuyizinkinga ezishiyekile eziqhubeka zihlela imiphumela. Ukuxoxa ngalezi zindawo kudinga ukuhlelwa kwesimiso somthetho, ukuthembisana komphakathi, nokulandisa.

Ikusasa Lezinkonzo Zikahulumeni

Uma zibheka phambili, izinkonzo zikahulumeni kuyodingeka zijwayelane nokushintsha okukhulu kwenani labantu, ezobuchwepheshe, indawo ezungezile, nezomnotho.

Umklamo womuntu siqu nowaphakathi komsebenzisi uzoba ovamile kakhulu. Ohulumeni bamukela izimiso zomklamo eziphakanyisiwe umuntu, benze amafomu alula, izinqubo zokuhambisa izinqubo, nezinkonzo ezihambelana nezidingo zabantu ngabanye. Umgomo ukwenza izinkonzo kube lula ukusebenzisa njengamapulatifomu ezentengiselwano njenge-Amazon noma ibhanki kulayini.

Izinkonzo ezi-asethi nezinethezekile ziyozuza ukuncitshiswa. Kunokuba balinde izinhlekelele, ohulumeni bazotshala imali eyengeziwe ekungeneleni kwasekuqaleni nasemaphandleni omfutho. Izibonelo zihlanganisa ukutshala imali ekwakheni izindleko zobuntwana zakudala zomphakathi, ukusebenzisa ukwaziswa ukuze kubonwe futhi kusekelwe kubantu abanobukhazikhazikhazi, kanye nokwakha ukuzimela kwesimo sezulu ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo.

Ukuhlobana ezingxenyeni eziningi kuzoba nokujula. Ubudlelwane bomphakathi, ukubambisana okungazuzi nzuzo, nezivumelwano zohulumeni kuzoba okuvame kakhulu njengoba ohulumeni befuna imithombo yemali nobuchwepheshe. Akukho muntu ongasingatha izinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinjengokungabi nakhaya, ukuluthwa utshwala, noma ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuphela.

Isilinganiso se-parformation nesimiso esisekelwe kubufakazi ziyoqhubeka ziqhubekela phambili. Ohulumeni bazosebenzisa kakhulu ukuhlola okuqinile, ukuhlola okulawulwa ngokuhleliwe, nokuncitshiswa kwezindleko ukuze banqume ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezisebenzayo futhi banike imithombo ngokwendlela. Amapulatifomu abonisa ukubheka ngangaphandle ayokwenza ukuba ulwazi lutholakale emphakathini, enze ukuba ukwazi ukuqondisa kwangaphandle nokusungulwa.

Ukuzivumelanisa nokuzinza nokuzivumelanisa kuzoba yimisebenzi engundoqo. Ohulumeni bayotshala kakhulu ezisekelweni zemisebenzi ezimelana nesimo sezulu esibi, zivikele imiphakathi yogu ekunyukeni kolwandle, futhi zishintshele ekuhlanzekeni kwamandla. Izinkonzo zendawo ezungezile zizohlanganiswa kuzo zonke izici zokubusa.

Ukuzichaza okungaqondakali nokuqinisekisa okulondekile kuyokwenza ukuba kuthunyelwe inkonzo engenamthungo. Njengoba izinkonzo eziningi zihamba ku-inthanethi, ohulumeni bazosungula izimiso ezilondekile zokuvikela ulwazi lwezinombolo ezivikela imfihlo uma beqinisekisa ukuthi imvume ikhona futhi ivimbela ukukhwabanisa. Lezi zimiso zizosiza ukuba kukwazi ukunikeza ulwazi kanye futhi kuhlangatshelwe izinhlangano ngemvume yazo.

Isiphetho: Isizathu Sokuba Izinkonzo Zikahulumeni Zibaluleke

Izinkonzo zikahulumeni aziyona imisebenzi yokulawula engaqondakali − ziwukubonakaliswa okuwusizo kokuzinikela komphakathi ekufezeni okuhle okukodwa. Zivikela ukuphila, zifundise izingane, ziphulukise abagulayo, zixhumane nemiphakathi, zisekele abasengozini, futhi zilondoloze indawo ezungezile. Zisiza ekuthuthukiseni ukubambisana kwezenhlalo, futhi zisekela umthetho.

Izinga nezinkonzo zikahulumeni eziphumelelayo zithinta ngokuqondile izinga lokuphila kwesakhamuzi ngasinye. Uma izinkonzo zisebenza kahle, cishe azibonakali; uma zihluleka, imiphumela iyashesha futhi iyabonakala. Lendida igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, ukusekela imali kakhulu, nokuthembisana komphakathi.

Ukuqonda izinkonzo zikahulumeni kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuba isakhamuzi esinolwazi futhi esikhuthele. Kuvumela abantu ukuba basekele izinkonzo abazidingayo ngokuphumelelayo, babeke abaholi icala ngempumelelo, futhi bazise izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenza ukuphila kwanamuhla kube nokwenzeka. Njengoba izinselele zivela futhi kuvela amathuba amasha, izinkonzo zikahulumeni ziyohlala zibalulekile, futhi zifanelwe ukunakwa yilowo nalowo abamkhonzayo.

Ukuze kufundwe ngokwengeziwe ngezinkonzo zikahulumeni nakubaphathi bomphakathi, imithombo enjenge USA.gov inikeza ama-ishopu agcwele, kuyilapho izinhlangano ezinjenge Brookings Institution[[ inikeza ukucwaninga nokuhlola ngenqubo nesimiso.