Indlela Izinqumo Zikahulumeni Wasendaweni Ezikuthonya Ngayo Isimiso Sakho Sansuku Zonke

Nsuku zonke, izigidi zabantu zithembele ezindleleni ezihlukahlukene zokuhamba ukuze zifinyelele emsebenzini, esikoleni, nasezinkonzweni ezibalulekile. Nakuba ukuminyana kwezimoto, amabhasi, noma imigwaqo ebambekayo kungase kuzizwe njengokukhungatheka okungahleliwe, iqiniso liwukuthi lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kulolongeka kakhulu ngezinqumo ezenziwa emkhandlwini wedolobha, ibhodi yesifunda, noma ihhovisi likamasipala. Ohulumeni bendawo banegunya elibalulekile ngezindlela zokuhamba, izinto eziphambili, ukusekela imali, ukusebenzisa izwe, nezimiso zokulawula ezithonya ngokuqondile indlela ohamba ngayo emphakathini wakho. Ukuqonda lenqubo yokwenza indalo kunika izakhamuzi amandla okusekela izimiso ezingcono futhi kugcine izikhulu ziphendule. Lesi sihloko sihlola izindawo lapho izinqumo eziyinhloko zikahulumeni zendawo zithinta khona iziteshi zansuku zonke futhi zinikeza ukuqonda indlela imiphakathi ephumelelayo, ukuthutha ngokusebenza kahle.

Indima Kahulumeni Wendawo Ekuhleleni Izinto Zokuhamba

Ohulumeni bendawo bangabaklami abayinhloko abakwazi ukunyakazisa amadolobha nasemadolobheni. Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokwakha amapulani okuhamba amade, ukuhlela izimali zezemfashini, ukumisa izimiso ezilawula ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto nendawo ezungezile, nokulungisa imigwaqo nezimiso zokuthutha. Lezi zinqumo zihilela ukulinganisela izinto ezihamba phambili njengokuphepha, izindleko, ukulondolozwa kwendawo ezungezile, nokukhula kwezomnotho. Ngokwe-U.S. Umnyango wezokuthutha , cishe 75% yemigwaqo yomphakathi ingaphansi kwegunya likahulumeni wendawo, okusho ukuthi izinga le-partsstion linqunywa yizimiso zenqubo yakho yendawo yendawo engokomthetho, hhayi imibuso.

  • Amapulani okuhamba (ngokuvamile ayeshintsha njalo ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi)
  • Izindlela zokuhlela imigwaqo, amabhuloho nezikhungo zezithuthi ezithuthukisiwe ezithuthukisiwe
  • Izimiso zokubhula ezithinta ukukhula nokuthutha
  • Ukuhlanganiswa neziphathimandla zendawo zokuthutha
  • Izimiso zobuchwepheshe obusha (isib., izimoto zikagesi ezikhokhela, izimoto ezizimele)

Okwenza Izinqumo Zasendaweni Zibaluleke Kakhulu Kunokwedlula Lokho Ocabanga Ngako

Ngenxa yokuthi ohulumeni bendawo balawula ngokuqondile imigwaqo nezimiso zokuthutha phakathi kwemingcele yabo, izinqumo zabo zingadambisa noma zifake izinselele zokuhamba. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha elihlela ukuhlanganisa imizila yamabhasi enikezelwe kanye nokuhlela izimpawu zezimoto ezinganciphisa ukuhamba ngezikhathi ezingu-20-30%, ngokwezivivinyo ze- Institute of Enginegers . Ngokuphambene, ukuntula uhlelo oluhlangene kungaholela ekudukeni kwamabhodleni amabhodlela achitha izigidi zamahora ngonyaka.

Ukusebenzisa Imali Nokuhlela Izindawo Zokuhlala: I - injini Esekela Ukuhlelwa Kwezinto

Akukho simiso sokuhamba esingasebenza ngaphandle kwemali eyanele, futhi ohulumeni bendawo ngokuvamile bawumthombo oyinhloko wenhloko - dolobha nezindleko zokusebenza. Izinqumo zokuhlela uhlelo lokuhlela izindleko zinquma ukuthi umgwaqo uyaphinda uphinde usetshenziswe, umzila webhasi uyadilizwa noma uyanqanyulwa, umgwaqo webhayisekili ukhushulwa, noma imigwaqo eyingozi ithola isikhala sezimoto. Izimali eziningi zokuhamba zendawo zivela ngokuxubana kwezintela zempahla, izintela zemali, izintela zikahulumeni nemali yemali yokwethula intela kaphethiloli, futhi ngezinye izikhathi intela yasendaweni noma intela yokubhalisa imoto.

  • Ukulondoloza ama - v. ukwanda: Ukuguga kudinga ukunakekelwa okuphawulekayo
  • Ukwabiwa ngokulinganayo: Ukunakekela wonke amadolobhana kuzuza imali efanele
  • Impahla: Ukuphishekela izimali zikahulumeni njenge - RAISE noma i - Surface Transportation Block Grants
  • Umphakathi usebenzelana nomphakathi ngemisebenzi emikhulu

Impi Yemithombo Yengcebo Engalawuleki

Izikhulu zendawo kumelwe zihlale zihlola izidingo ezincintisanayo: ibhuloho elisha nokuhlanganisa inqwaba yemigwaqo ehlala abantu; isiteshi esisha esihamba ngaphansi komhlaba esimelene nokuthuthukisa ukuphakama kwebhasi. Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwemali nokwaziswa komphakathi, izithakazelo ezinamandla noma amaqembu amancane akhulumayo angaxhasa ngezimali emikhankasweni yezilwane ezingasizi umphakathi obanzi. Ukuhlanganyela kumakomiti okuhlela izimali noma ukuthutha kuyindlela eyodwa izakhamuzi ezingathonya ngayo lemikhakha.

Izimiso Zokudlulisa Obala

Ukuthutha komphakathi kuyisici esibalulekile emikhakheni yendawo yokuthutha. Izindawo zohambo, izitimela ezilula, izitimela ezihambayo, nemigwaqo ehamba ngaphansi komhlaba kunikeza labo abangakwazi ukushayela noma abakhetha ukungashayeli. Izinga, ukuhlanganisa, nokuphindeka kwenkonzo yokuthutha kuthinta ngokuqondile izikhathi zesikhashana kanye nekhono lezakhamuzi lokuthola imisebenzi, ukunakekelwa kwempilo nemfundo. Ngokuvamile ohulumeni bendawo balawula izinhlangano zokuthutha ngokuqondile noma bazikhokhe ngentela ezinikezelwe ukuthengwa noma ngemali.

  • Ukutshala emgqeni omusha wezokuthutha namaphasishi
  • Ukwanda noma ukuncishiswa kwemizila yamabhasi
  • Ukuphindaphindeka kwenkonzo phakathi namahora okuphakama nokungahanji
  • Ukubusa nokubusa okungenangqondo
  • Ukuhamba ngezindlela ezihlukene (bikeshare, ihhashi-hail, ihamba)

Umphumela Wokudluliselwa Komphakathi Ezisebenzini Ezisebenza Ngezikhungo Zokuphoqelela

Uma ohulumeni bendawo betshala izindleko zokuhamba ngendlela ethembekile, esheshayo, futhi exhumaniswe kahle, izikhathi zokuhamba zingancipha kulabo abayisebenzisayo, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo benciphisa ukuminyana kwezimoto kuwo wonke umuntu. Ukuhlolwa konyaka ka-2022 [ku-American Public Transportation Association kwathola ukuthi imiphakathi eneminyango eqinile yohambo ilondoloza amahora angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50 ekuhambeni minyaka yonke. Ngokuphambene, ukuhamba okungahambi kahle kubangela ukunqanda, ukulinda isikhathi eside, nezimoto eziminyeneyo, isunduzela abantu abaningi ukuba babuyele ezimotweni nasemigwaqweqweni eyandayo.

Isibonelo Sezenzakalo: I - Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Nezikhathi Zokuphatha

Amadolobha amaningi aphakathi aye athatha isimiso sobububus Rapid Transit esinikeza ijubane elinjengendlela nokwethembeka engxenyeni yezindleko. Izinqumo zendawo zokunikezela imizila, ukunikeza izimpawu eziphambili, nokwakha amapulatifomu ahlalisayo ayenze yaba yi-BRT indlela ethandwayo yokuthuthukisa imikhumbi ngaphandle kwezindleko ezinkulu zemali. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Cleveland Health Leline BRT inciphisa izikhathi zokuhamba ngezikhathi ezingu-35% ngephasishi yayo futhi ifaka i-RTRT eqokondleni lezomnotho.

Ukulondolozwa Komgwaqo Nokuthuthukiswa

Nakuba kungenamhlobiso kunemisebenzi yokuthutha emisha, ukugcinwa kwemigwaqo kusebenza kakhulu kuhulumeni wendawo wansuku zonke. Izimbobo zempompi, umgwaqo ophukile, izimpawu zemizila eshaqiwe, nezimpawu zezimoto eziphelelwe isikhathi konke kunengxenye ekunciphiseni, ekuhambeni ngezindlela eziyingozi kakhulu. Iminyango yemisebenzi yomphakathi yendawo inomthwalo wokuhlola inqubo, ukulungisa, ukulungisa, nokulungisa izakhiwo. I-Federal Highway Administration ilinganisela ukuthi i - dollar yonke echithwayo ekuvimbeleni izindleko zokulungisa izindleko zokulondoloza izindleko zesikhathi esizayo isindisa u-R6,14.

  • Ukuhlola nokubekwa uphawu okuqhephukile
  • Ukuhlanza indle emgwaqweni
  • Izimpawu zezimoto ezikhulayo ezinezimiso zokulawula ezizivumelanisayo
  • Ukuvimbela ukuphepha njengemijikelezo ezungeze itshe noma imijikelezo evikelwe yesobunxele
  • Ukubeka kuqala ukudla okusemgwaqweni okuthatha indawo yamabhayisekili nabahamba ngezinyawo

Imiphumela Emikhubeni Yansuku Zonke

Imigwaqo egcwele isho ukulibala okuncane ekwakhiweni, ukulimala kwezimoto, nokuncishiswa kwezingozi ezibangelwa ukuhamba ngezinyawo. Imigwaqo ethambile ithuthukisa futhi inciphise igesi ekhipha uphethiloli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugcinwa kwezindawo eziphansi kuholela ekulungiseni okungabiza abakhokhi bentela kakhulu esikhathini eside. Izinqumo zikahulumeni wendawo ngokuthi ukuxhasa imigwaqo noma ukulinganisela izindleko zokulinganisela ngokuqondile ekuthuthukiseni isilinganiso somsebenzi wansuku zonke zithinta okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kwangaphakathi kwesondo.

Imigwaqo Ehamba Ngebhayisekili Ne - pedetrian

Okukhuthaza ukuthutha akuyona nje indlela yempilo noma yezinzuzo zendawo ezungezile; kuyindlela engcono yokunciphisa ukuminyana futhi yenza imiphakathi ibe nenkululeko engcono. Ohulumeni bendawo banamandla okuklama nokwakha imigwaqo yamabhayisekili, izindlela ezisetshenziswa ndawonye, izindlela ezihambayo, nezinye izinto eziwusizo ezenza ukuhamba nokushaya ibhulukwe kuphephe futhi kukhange. Lezi zinqumo zivame ukuphikiswa, kanye nezinye izakhamuzi ezesaba ukulahlekelwa yipali noma indawo yomgwaqo, kuyilapho abameleli besunduzela imigwaqo ephelele.

  • Ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo evikelwe ngamabhayisekili (isib., imizila yebhayisekili)
  • Imigwaqo ephakeme ukuze ihlangabezane nezindinganiso ze - ADA
  • Ukufaka ama - areart, izikhungo zokulungisa nokuthola izimpawu zamaloli
  • Ukuthutha isabelo sebhayisekili kanye nezimiso ze-e-scooter
  • Ukwenza ama-street ahamba kancane noma izindawo ezingenamoto ezisezindaweni zezentengiselwano

Izinzuzo Zokuhamba Okukhuthele

Ukugada amabhayisekili nezakhiwo ezihamba ngezinyawo kuveza imivuzo eminingi: ukuvuselelwa komzimba, ukuncishiswa komoya, izindleko zokuhamba eziphansi kwemikhaya, kanye nokunyuka kwezinyawo emabhizinisini endawo. Ukuhlola kwe-National Association of City Transportations (NCTO) kwathola ukuthi amaphasishi ezokuhweba anemizila evikelekile athola ukwanda okungu-40% ekuthengeni kwezitolo. Abahambi bansuku zonke, ukuba nebhayisekile eliphephile noma imigwaqo ehambayo kunganikeza enye indlela engcono yokuhlala emigwaqweni, ukonga isikhathi nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.

Ukuhlela Ukuhlelela Imisebenzi Yokuhamba Esheshayo

Ngokomlando, amadolobha amaningi ashiywe emigwaqweni yezinyawo nasemabhayisekilini emiphakathini ehholo ephansi neyamabhayisekili. Izinqumo zikahulumeni wendawo zokuhlela ukulinganisela zingalungisa lezindawo ezihlukene. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwakha izakhiwo ezisezansi, ukunikeza amalungu abizayo ebhayisekilini, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha akuholeli ekususweni ngezindawo ezihlukene.

Ukulawulwa Kwezimoto Nemithetho

Indlela izimoto ezidlula ngayo edolobheni ilawulwa iqoqo eliyinkimbinkimbi lemithetho yendawo nemisebenzi yokusebenza. Ukubeka isivinini, ukuhlelwa kwezimpawu zezimoto, ukufaka isivinini semoto, nokulawula ukupaka izimoto ezisemgwaqweni konke kwehlela ngaphansi kwe purator kahulumeni wendawo. Lezi zinqumo zingathonya ngokuphawulekayo izikhathi zokushintshashintshashintsha kwendlela, ukuphepha, nokuhlangenwe nakho kokushayela. Ukulawula izimoto kwanamuhla kusebenzisa ukwaziswa okuvela kumakhamera, izinzwa, kanye nobuchwepheshe bezimoto obuhlangene ukuze kuhambe kahle.

  • Ukubeka ijubane elilinganiselwe (ngokuvamile kusekelwe ezifundweni zobunjiniyela njengendlela yama - 85 ephesentile)
  • Ukuthulisa izimoto ezinjengama - chicane namatafula esivinini
  • Ukulawula izimpawu zezimoto ezivumelana nezimo ezisabela esidingweni sangempela sesikhathi
  • Amasu okuphoqelela: amakhamera abomvu, ukugcinwa kwesivinini esizenzekelayo
  • Ukuqondisa izenzakalo ezikhethekile nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo

Umphumela Wemithetho Ephoqelelwe

Izimiso zomgwaqo ezihlelwe kahle zinganciphisa ukulibala nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha elisusa isilinganiso sesivinini esidala futhi lisebenzise i-"sched system" linganciphisa amazinga okuphahlazeka okukhulu nge-30% kuyilapho izimpawu zezimoto ezisheshayo zibangela ukubambezeleka kwemoto, futhi ukugcinwa okungahleleki kuholela ekuziphatheni okuyingozi. Uhulumeni wendawo kumelwe ulinganisele isidingo sokuhamba okuphumelelayo kwezimoto kanye nabasebenzisi bomgwaqo abasengozini.

Indima Yokulawula Ukupaka

Ezimisweni zokupaka ezisemgwaqweni zibuye zilolonge amagebhu. Amadolobha abiza imoto ngokufanele (ukusebenzisa ipringishini efunwayo) anciphisa isikhathi abashayeli abasichitha bezungeza indawo, okungabangela ukuba izimoto ezingamaphesenti angu-30 zingene ezindaweni eziminyene. Izinqumo zendawo mayelana nokupaka izimoto eziminyana ezithuthukisiwe zithonya ukuthi bangaki abantu abashayelayo nokuthi kulula kangakanani ukupaki endaweni ethile.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezwe Nokuzingela: Izwe Elibhekene Nesikhala

Mhlawumbe ithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu kodwa elingaqondakali kakhulu ohulumeni bendawo okudingeka ukuba balilungise igebe lezwe ukusebenzisa isimiso sokusebenza. Izimiso zokuzimela zingathola indawo yokuhlala, imisebenzi, nezinkonzo. Uma izindawo zokuhlala zihlukanisiwe nezikhungo zezentengiselwano futhi kudingeka zibe ne-pacle eyanele, ukuhamba noma ukuhamba kungabi ngcono, kuphoqelele imisinga yemoto emide. Ngokuphambene, ukuhlanganisa indawo ekhuthaza izindawo ezixubeneyo, ukuphakama okukhulu eduze kweziteshi ze-modus, futhi izimfuneko zokupaka zinganciphisa kakhulu uhambo olude kanye nokusekela ezinye izindlela.

  • Intuthuko efinyelelwyo (TOD) jikelele izifunda
  • Ukuqedwa kwezindawo zokupaka ezisezingeni eliphezulu emadolobheni
  • Ukuhlala eduze kwezikhungo zomsebenzi ukuze kwandiswe ukutholakala kwezindlu
  • Imisuka esekelwe ekuhleleni ebeka kuqala ukuhamba
  • Izimiso eziphelele zasemigwaqweni ziklama imiklamo eminingi

Indlela Izinguquko Ezithinta Ngayo Isikhathi Sakho Esivamile

Ukucwaninga kwe Land Institute kubonisa ukuthi abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezihambayo, ezixubene nezihamba njalo benza uhambo lwemoto lube mbalwa ngamaphesenti angu-40% futhi babe nesilinganiso esifushane sebanga lokuhamba ngesivinini. Ohulumeni bendawo abavuselela amaqoqo abo ukuze bavumele ukuphakama nokusetshenziswa okuxubile ngokuyisisekelo badala indawo eyakhelwe ekhuthaza ukuhamba okufushane, okungaguquguquki. Izakhamuzi ezifuna amapayishi angcono kufanele ziqaphele ukuhlela ngokubanzi ukushintshwa nokuhlelwa kwemithetho elawulayo.

Ukuhileleka Komphakathi Ezinqumweni Zokuhamba

Uhlelo lokuhamba aluyona inqubo yobuchwepheshe obuphelele; yinqubo yezombangazwe eveza izindinganiso zomphakathi. Ohulumeni bendawo kudingeka emazweni amaningi ukuba bagcine ukuthethwa kwezindaba zomphakathi, ukukhishwa kwezincwadi, futhi baqhube ijubane ngaphambi kokwamukela imisebenzi emikhulu yezokuhamba. Nokho, izinga lokuthembisana ngeqiniso alifani kakhulu. Ukuhileleka komphakathi okuphumelelayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi ihlangabezana nezidingo zangempela zezakhamuzi, kunokuba ihlangabezane nezabanye onjiniyela noma ochwepheshe bangaphandle.

  • Izinkundla zomphakathi nemihlangano yehholo
  • Izivivinyo zolayini namathuluzi okubala ahambisanayo
  • Amakomiti enhlangano anezimo ezihlukahlukene
  • Izenzakalo zePop kanye namashabhu omphakathi
  • Ukusebenzelana namabhizinisi endawo, izikole, nezinzuzo ezingakhi

Izinzuzo Zokuhlanganyela Komphakathi

Lapho imiphakathi ihlanganyela ngokuzikhandla ekuhleleni izinto zokuhamba, imiphumela ivame ukuba elinganayo, esetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi ehlala isikhathi eside. Ngokwesibonelo, ukucindezela komphakathi kwaholela ekunyulweni kwenkonzo yebhasi endaweni ephansi eSeattle, ukunqamula isilinganiso sezikhathi zokuhamba ngemizuzu engu-25. Ngokuphambene, imisebenzi eklanywe ngaphandle kokwaziswa ngokuvamile ibhekene nokuphikiswa, ukulibala, noma ukungasetshenziswa. Izakhamuzi zingasebenzisa izinqubo zokuthembisana ukuze zisekele intuthuko ethile engcono njengezikoleni eziseduze noma ukufinyelela ibhayisekile ezikoleni ezingcono.

Indlela Yokuhileleka

Izinhlangano eziningi manje zinikeza izinhlelo ze-intanethi ezizophendula amasu ezinhlelo ezithathe isikhathi eside. Ngisho neminikelo emincane njengokugcwalisa ukuhlolwa noma ukukhuluma imizuzu emithathu enkantolo yomphakathi ingathinta izinqumo zendawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ubuchwepheshe Nokushintsha Kwezinto Zokuthutha Kwendawo

Ohulumeni bendawo bamukela futhi ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile basemadolobheni ukuze bathuthukise imishini ehambayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa ukwaziswa kwangempela ukuze balungise izimpawu zomgwaqo, ukunikeza ama-apps ngezikhathi zokuhamba nokukhokha, nokuhlola imishini ezimele. Izinqumo zokuthi iziphi ezobuchwepheshe ongazithatha, ukuthi ungazilawula kanjani izinkonzo zokuhamba ezihanjwayo njengo-Uber no-Lyft, nokuthi ungahlela kanjani ukuhlelwa kwezethuthi ezihamba ngogesi konke kuthinta okuhlangenwe nakho kwansuku zonke.

  • Vula amatheku emininingwane yezokuhanjiswa nemininingwane yezimoto
  • Ukunyakaza kwamapulatifomu okuhamba-a-a-service (MaaS)
  • Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe izithuthuthu nezibhayisikili ezingenachweba
  • Ukushayela imikhumbi - mkhathi yemoto ezimele ezindaweni ezineziphepho eziphansi
  • Ukufaka izibani ezihlakaniphile ezihlela izimoto eziphuthumayo

Isithembiso Nezici Zobuchwepheshe Obusha

Ubuchwepheshe bungenza i-transki ikwazi ukutshengiswa futhi isebenziseke, kodwa futhi buphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana ne-oyedwa yokwaziswa, i-quity (izimiso ezizimele ezihlukanisayo zihlukanisa labo abangatholakali nge-minubers), kanye nokuthatheka kwemisebenzi. Ohulumeni bendawo kumelwe balinganisele lemisebenzi ngokucophelela futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ukusungula izinto ezintsha akubhebhebhetheki kakhulu. Ukuhlanganyela nezakhamuzi ngezinhlelo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ngezinhlelo zokushayela nokusebenzisa i-ectives kubalulekile ekufezekeni okuphumelelayo.

Isiphetho

Izinqumo zikahulumeni wendawo zihlela iziteshi zansuku zonke ngendlela ezisobala nezicashile. Kusukela ekusekeleni izakhiwo ezihambayo nokuthutha kuya ezindaweni ezikhona, ukukhetha okwenziwa yimikhandlu yedolobha, amabhodi esifunda, namanxusa okuhlela asendaweni alawula ngokuqondile ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukufika lapho udinga ukuya khona, ukuthi luphephe kangakanani lolohambo, nokuthi yiziphi izinto zokuhamba ezikhona. Ukuqonda lamandla okuhamba kwenza izakhamuzi nabameleli bomphakathi bakwazi ukuthatha iqhaza enqubeni yenqubo yezempatho. Ngokuhlala ubophene nemihlangano yohulumeni yendawo, ukunikeza i-projekthi yezokuthutha, nokuvota izikhulu ezihlela izinto ezikwaziyo ukuhamba kahle, izikhulu ezingasiza ekuthutheni kusebenze kangcono. Isikhathi esilandelayo uhlala emotweni noma ulinde ibhasi, inhlanhla ayikhunjuli; ukunikeza imvume yokuhamba.