Isingeniso: Isivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu Nokuthula Okungalawuleki

I-Good Wearth Agreement (eyaziwa futhi ngokuthi i-Belfast Agreement), eyasayinwa ngo-10 April 1998, ibhekwa kabanzi njengenye yezindawo eziphumelela kakhulu zokuthula ezihlangene ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Yaphela iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yobudlova bamahlelo eyaziwa ngokuthi amaNyakatho neNtshonalanga neNtshonalanga. Yabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-3, yashiya izibazi ezijulile ezingokwengqondo nezingokomzimba ezijulile ze-Mphethubeni we-Ireland. Isivumelwano sadala uhulumeni onamandla owesinye, umkhandlu wesiphambano owenkonzo, nezimiso zeNyakatho ne-Mpumalanga , futhi ayizange isebenzise ngokugcwele i-Westry, futhi yaqinisekisa ukuma kwe-mthetho we-Rwanda phakathi kwe-United Kingdom ngesikhathi sokuhlangana kwe-Rwanda lapho ibhekene imvume ebumbene kakhulu yokuncintinyelwa kwezweyo futhi impomposa kakhulu ngaphansi kwe- - sisekelo somphakathi wezwe lonke. Nokho, naphezu kokuphumelela kwayo okungoko komlando, i-Estrisonsonsonsonsswoku sibhekelwe futhi kulokhu kuhlola inselele i

Ukungezwani Kwezombangazwe Nokuncipha Kokwethembana Okunganqamuki

Ukuhlinza Kwamandla

Enkabeni ye-Good Wearth Reagument kunesimiso sokubambisana kwamandla phakathi kwezinhlangano zobunyunyana nesizwe. I-Northern Ireland Guide, eholwa nguMphathi woBushiqela nomphathi woBuphathi Obuqalayo (oyedwa ovela emphakathini ngamunye), idinga ukuvumelana okunqamule-umfelane ezinqumweni ezinkulu. Phakathi namashumi amabili eminyaka adlule, lenqubo iye yaphela ngo-2002-2008 ngempikiswano ngo-IRA,2007 ngenkani, futhi ngo-202020 ngehlazo elivuselelweyo lamandla, futhi muva nje kusukela ngoFebruwari 2022 kuya ku-2022, ngenxa ye-February 2024, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezemfundo ye-Didemoctic Union Party Party (UProto) engcono kakhulu. Le komiti yokulawula yezenteko yezenteko yezentengo yonyaka kaNyakadensi.

Imingcele Yokuvumelana Ngezimo

Isibonelo esibophekile somsizi ohlangene, nakuba siklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi womabili imiphakathi imelelwe, idala impucuko yezombangazwe yokubambisana. Imikhosi iphoqelekile ukuba isebenze ndawonye ukuthi ihlanganyela nayiphi indlela yenqubo noma cha. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekuthatheni i-denator ephansi kakhulu, ngokushintsha okukhulu ngenxa yokuthi uhlangothi olulodwa lusongela ukuwohloka kwesikhulu. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi lesibonelo, kunokuba bakhuthaze ukubuyisana, ihlukanisa izinhlangano. Isigaba esikhulu kakhulu se-DUP ne-Sin Féin/raly sivumelana ngezindaba eziyisisekelo ezifana nokufaneleka kwezwe noma ikusasa lomngcele. Umphumela uhulumeni uveza ukuthi ngokuvamile uhlela ukuphikisana kunokuba kuthuthukiswe ukuchuma.

Ushintsho Lwesizukulwane Nokushintsha Kwezombangazwe

Abavoti abasebasha eNyakatho Ireland baveza ngokuqhubekayo ukuthi abathathi i-bond Friver Agreement. Nokho, isakhiwo se-Good Frinth Agreement [1] nemfuneko yaso yokubizwa njengenyunyana, i-social, i-overtist, noma “enye” "nenye" impoqo yokuhlanganisa isimiso sezombangazwe esisahlukana kabili. Lokhu kukhungathekisa abaningi abafuna enye indlela ehlukile kuleyo engokwesiko ehlukanisayo nezwe. Okwamanje, imikhankankani yamuva yezombangazwe iye yadlondlo, kanye nemfuneko yayo yokuveza ukuhlukanisa. I-Centris Alliancerine Party ikhule, kodwa ngaphandle kwekhono lokuklama isimiso esimelela ngempela i-ethorigie, ukuphikisana kwezombangazwe kusekhona.

IBreit Nokudideka Kokwakha Kwesivumelwano

Imithetho Yesivumelwano YaseNyakatho Ireland: Umngcele OLwandle Lwase - Ireland

I-Brequit ngokuyisisekelo yashintsha umongo lapho i-Good Wearfrent Agreement isebenza khona. Lapho i-United Kingdom ishiya i-European Union ngo-202020, i-UK ne-EU yavumelana ngelungiselelo elikhethekile le-Northern Ireland ukuze igweme umngcele onzima esiqhingini sase-Ireland. I-Northern Ireland Protocologic yagcina iNyakatho ye-Ireland isendaweni eyodwa yezentengiselwano, idala i-rekithe nomngcele phakathi kwe-Great Britain ne-Northern Ireland. Leli lungiselelo, lihlosekuvikeleni ukuvikela i-litwe, i-Prounist Aunits, yaba umthombo wayo omkhulu kakhulu wobunzima. I-Unist, ikakhulukazi i-DUP, yaphikisa ukuthi umthetho we-Northern Ireland ucekele endaweni ye-UK, yaphula isimiso somthetho sokuvumelana kwesivumelwano sombuso wezwe lonke. I-Euro igwema igwema i-ose-ulticism.

Umsebenzi Owenziwe Umoya Nemiphumela Yawo

Ngo-February 2023, i-UK ne EU yavumelana nge-Windsor Framework, uhlelo olubukeziwe lokudambisa ukungezwani kwezentengiselwano nokunika i-Northern Ireland Assembly izwi elikhulu, futhi i-Cream-(i-“Stormont Brake.” Nakuba i-Frame yamukelwa amaqembu amaningi amabhizinisi kanye nohulumeni baseBrithani, i-Scristismismism ihlala. I-DUP yanqaba ukuthatha indawo yesikhulu kuze kube yilapho imvume yokukhonzwa, futhi ngoFebruney 2024 kuphela leliqembu lavuma ukubuyisela amandla ngemva kokuba uhulumeni u-UK udlulise umthetho owenawe ngokomthetho enikeza isimo esingokomthetho somthetho. Kodwa ngaphansi kobunzima bezombangazwe. I-DindorstFram ayizange ixazulule inkinga enkulu e-Urrentshile i-Urkur, futhi iyaqhubeka i-Ex kuveza imvume yokukho.

IBroater Breexit Iyawa: Ukuvela Nokukhishwa Kwemisebe

I-Brexit yaqinisa futhi ukuchaza izombangazwe. I- 2016 i-arhendum yabona iningi elicacile eNyakatho Ireland livota ukuba lihlale kuyi-EU, kodwa i-UK-universe iziphumo zokushiya isimiso esibekwe indawo engakhethwanga. Lokhu kwaphula isimiso sokulinganisela kwezenhlonipho . Umqondo wokuthi akukho mphakathi okufanele uphoqelelwe ukumelana ne-/insika ye-GoondreFrever Reconvement. Umbuso no-Riphabliki bachaza i-Brtit njengobufakazi bokuthi i-Union neBrithani ayikwazanga ukumelana, ngokuphikisana nomthetho womngcele. Ngokuphikisana, abasekeli babona umthetho njengokwededelelwa kweBrithani yabo. Ukuma okuphumela ekutheni i-partment yenza kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuba abantu ababili babheke isivumelwano njengempumelelo.

Ukukhuthazelela Ukuhlukana Kwezenhlalo Nezomnotho Nokungalingani

Ifa Lokuthola Umkhiqizo

I-Good Wearth Agreement yathembisa inzuzo yokuthula . .Nyakatho Ireland yavulela inzuzo ephakeme yezezomnotho, ukutshala imali, nokufakwa kwezenhlalakahle. Nakuba i-Internast Ireland iye yabona ukutshala izimali nokunciphiswa kwemisebenzi, ukungalingani okukhulu kuyaqhubeka. Imiphakathi eminingi yamaqembu asebenzayo, ikakhulukazi eBelfast nase Londonderry, ihlala ihlukanisiwe namahlelo. Lezi zindawo zivame ukuhlushwa amazinga aphakeme obumpofu, imiphumela engokwempilo ebuthaka, nokuthola imfundo elinganiselwe. Izithiyo zokuthula ezihlukanisa phakathi kwezindawo namaKatolika ahlala ezindaweni ezihlukene, futhi eziningi ziye zanwetshwa kusukela ngo-1998. Ngaphandle kokuba uphawu olungokomzimba lwezehlukana, ziqinisa ukuhlangana kwezenhlalo nezomnotho. Intsha ekhula kulezindawo, ukuhlangana okulinganiselwe “komunye umphakathi, ukuhlanganisa izikhawu zeminye indawo nokungathembana.

Ukuhlangana Ngemfundo Nezindlu

Isimiso semfundo se-Northern Ireland sihlukaniswe kakhulu mayelana nenkolo. Izingane ezingaphezu kuka-90% zifunda esikoleni samaKatolika noma isifundazwe (esilawulwa) esibuProthestani obungenakulinganiswa. Izikole ezikhuliswe kakhulu, lapho zikhula ngenani, zifundisa cishe izingane ezingamaphesenti angu-8 kuphela. Lokhu kuhlukanisa kusho ukuthi izingane ezinezizinda ezihlukahlukene azivamile ukufunda ndawonye, ziphuthelwa ithuba elibalulekile lokwakha ukuqonda kusukela ebuntwaneni. Izindlu ezindaweni eziningi zihlala zikhona zithonywe yisizinda somphakathi. Ukungabi namakhaya nezindawo zokuhlala kunezinhlokwana ezinde ngokungenakuqhathaniswa ezihlala ezisendaweni enezingxabano ezinkulu. Lokhu kuhlukana kulula ukuhlanganisa umphakathi okufunwa yi-Freast Reant.

Inkinga Yempilo Yengqondo Nenhlekelele

Iminyaka eminingi yeZinkathazo yashiya abantu abalinganiselwa ku-500 000 eNyakatho Ireland abanezimo zempilo ezingokomzimba noma zengqondo ezihlobene ngokuqondile nempi. Isifo sokuphazamiseka kokucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokuluthwa yizidakamizwa sasakazeka kakhulu. Inkonzo yezempilo, kakade engaphansi kobunzima, ilwela ukuhlangabezana nesidingo. Ukungabikho kwenqubo ebanzi engokwezikhawulo − isihloko sokungavumelani okukhulu kwezombangazwe, − kuveza izisulu eziningi kanye nabasindayo ukuthi ukuhlupheka kwabo kuye kwanganakwa. Ukuhluleka ukuxazulula lesi sikhalo esibangela ukunganeliseki kwezombangazwe, kukwenza kube nzima ukusekela ukuthula.

Isithunzi Esingapheli Somsebenzi Wempi

Ukuqhubeka Kunokungavumelani Nobudlova

Nakuba amaqembu amakhulu empi yezempi aqhubeka edubula, ukudubula, ukubhoboza, nokuthusa ngezidakamizwa. Ngo-2019, intatheli ye-Ly McKae yabulawa yisibhamu esivukelayo njenge-IRA ne-Óglaigh na hÉireann. Lamaqembu ayaqhubeka edubulana, ukudubulana, ukubhomba, nokuthusa ngezidakamizwa. Ngo-2019, intatheli Lyra McKae yabulawa yisibhamu esishayo esintsha phakathi nezibheluya ngodlame eDerry. I-Parachine uhlaselo oluqinile — ukushaywa nokuxoshwa kwezindawo ngezindawo nokuxoshwa komthetho okuvame ukuba kuphoqelelwe ukuba kwenziwe ngesimo sokwe. Izikhulu zempi zigcine ukuba khona okunamandla, ezinhlanganweni, ezinhlanganweni izidakamizwano ezidlalini, nakuba izikhalo zeze kakhulu phakathi kwezelele kakhulu, phakathi kokwesaba ubudlova, futhi zinciphisa umthetho.

Ifa “Lobugebengu” Nokulawula Umphakathi

Amaqembu alwayo amabutho awasalwi impi nombuso, kodwa alawula izikhungo zomakhelwane ngemidanti yezidakamizwa, ukuboleka imali, “nokuboleka intela.” Kwezinye izindawo, isimiso sobulungisa esifanayo sisebenza lapho izimpi ezilwayo nezijezisayo. Lokhu kululaza ukufaneleka kwamaphoyisa nezinhlangano ezakhiwe yi-Good Wearth Reconstment. I-Nyakatho Ireland Policing Board iyavuma ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ulweyiselo lwezehlolo lwezempi lukwenze kube nzima ukuphoqa izikhulu futhi lulondoloze ithemba lomphakathi. Ukuze inqubo yokuthula iphele, lamaqembu kumelwe abhunswe ngokugcwele umgomo obonakala unzima uma imiphakathi eminingi isakubekezelela ukukho kwabo ngenxa yokwesaba noma ukuvikeleka.

Ukwehluleka Kweqiniso Eliyifa Nomshini Wokwahlulela

Isithembiso esiyinhloko se-Good Wear Advement sasiwukuqondisa ifa leZinkathazo phakathi “kwenqubo yokuphumelela kwezeqiniso, ubulungisa, nokubuyisana. Eminyakeni eminingi, imizamo yokwakha ifa elinikezelwe iye yagcinwa epenini. I-Redual Regacy Act ka-UK ishond of the Good Wearth Act (2023), enikeza ukuvikeleka kwamasosha angaphambili namalungu empi abambisana nenqubo yokwaziswa engcono, iye yalahlwa yizo zonke izinhlangano ezinkulu eNyakatho ye-Ireland, uhulumeni wase-Ireland, kanye noMkhandlu waseYurophu. Amaqembu ezisulu aphikisa ngokuthi isenzo sangaphambi kwempi sibo abafuna ukulandisa. Ngaphandle kweqiniso elingokomthetho lenqubo yokulandisa, amanxeba esikhathi esidlule, amanxeba eqembu eliluhlaza, kanye nalawo amaqembu aphethe ubudlova ikakhulukazi phakathi kwalamaqembu abheka izizukulwanena.

Imizamo Yokuqinisa Isivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu: Ukubuyiselwa Nokubuyiselwa

Ukuhlanganyela Kwezombangazwe Nokuqina Kwezinhlangano

Ukubuyiselwa kwesikhulu ngo-February 2024 ngemva kweminyaka emibili yokukhubazeka kwakuyisinyathelo esibalulekile. Isimiso esisha sikaHulumeni sihlanganisa izibopho ezixhumeneyo zokulwa nempi, ukuthuthukisa izinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, nokuthuthukisa imfundo ehlangene. UK nohulumeni base-Ireland baye bazibophezela futhi ezingqungqungqutheleni zasikhathi sonke zezoburhulumente, inqubo eyakhiwa isivumelwano kodwa engavamile ukusetshenziswa eminyakeni yamuva. Ukuxhumana okuqinile emazingeni ezombangazwe aphakeme kakhulu (16 hlanganise imihlangano ephakathi kweNgqongqongqopha yombuso wempi neTaoiaitheach) kwasiza ekulondolozeni umfutho. Kodwa izinhlangano zidinga ukufakazela ukuthi zingaletha intuthuko engokoqobo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ukuze ziphinde zibonise ukwethenjelwa umphakathi.

Izinyathelo Zomphakathi Wangaphakathi

Izikhungo eziningi zotshani zisebenza ekuhlukaniseni amabhuloho. [[FLT:] I-Corrymeela Community iqhuba izikhawu zokuthula kubantu abasha abanezizinda ezihlukene. iUlster’s Transgation Justice Institute [ ukucwaninga nokuthuthukisa izindlela zokuzuza ifa. Imikhandlu yendawo, ngezinhlelo zobudlelwane zomphakathi, ukukhokha izimali zezenzakalo ze-communion nezithuba. [[FLT] Izinhlangano zeYunivesithi ye-Parality Transonation Institute [ zisebenzisa imidlalo yokuletha abantwana ndawonye. Le mizamo, nakuba incane ekwakheni izinselele, izakhiwo eziphakathi kwezombangazwe ezingenakukhokhwazwa umphakathi.

Ukuvuselelwa Kwezomnotho Njengethuluzi Lokwakha Ukuthula

Isithembiso se-Good Wear Agreement sestwetwetwe sezomnotho sisalokhu sibalulekile. [[FLT: 0] Ihhovisi Eliphethe I-“Oficile: Ukwakha Umphakathi Ohlangene” uhlelo luhlanganisa ukugxila ekudaleni izindawo zomphakathi ezihlukene, izinhlelo ezixubene-hova, futhi amasu okusebenza ezindaweni eziswelayo. [Uhulumeni we-UK] ufaka iNgxoxoxo yemali ye-UP eyisa imali eNingizimu Ireland, ngemisebenzi ethile eklanyelwe ukuhlukanisa ngokusobala, njengoba ukuvela kwezindawo ngaphambili zempi e-Earton kuseDerry ezindaweni ezihlangane. Urrows, ikakhulukazi emboni yezentengiselwano eUnited States, iveza ukulingana nemisebenzi engcono kakhulu kwezentengo yezentengo yeze yeze yezentengo yeze yeze yezombangazwe, nakuba ifinyelele izinzuzo ezinkulu kakhulu, nakuba impumelelo yezindawo zezezezwe, ifinyelele kakhulu, impumelelo yeze inzuzo ye

Isakhiwo Somhlaba Wonke Nendima Yokulima

Isivumelwano se-Good Wearth Agreement isivumelwano sezizwe zonke, esiqinisekiswe nguhulumeni waseBrithani nowase-Ireland futhi esiqondiswa yi-US, ngokusekelwa yi-EU. British-Irish Internationalernalmentality [ ne i-North / South Serval Council [UMkhandlu waBandleni woMnyango weNkonzo we-OMS,[FU] [[FURT]] inikeza izimiso zokubambisana. [[FLT] EMANDLA] E - United States Envoy kuNyakatho ye-Ireland iye yaba yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwezokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezingxoxo ze-BREP, ikakhulukazi ukusekela okungokondla okungokondla imbulunga yonke. Iminikelo ye-EU iwusizo ingcono kakhulu, i-PFTB:[6] Uhlelo lomphakathi seHPFT], i-ETPG: prolikethe

Ukusingatha Ifa Lobudlova

Noma yikuphi ukuthula okuhlala njalo kumelwe kulwe ngokwethembeka nokwesikhathi esidlule. Amaqembu omphakathi aye ahlongoza ezinye izibonelo ezibonisa iqiniso ezingancikile emacaleni kodwa ekuvumeni komphakathi ukuthi kuyingozi. Ukuphilisa Ngokwekhumbula[ umsebenzi, ngokwesibonelo, uhlongoze “Usuku lokubukwa” nomlando ohlala njalo wasobala wokufa okuhlobene nempi. IKhomisha yezisulu nabasindezi iyaqhubeka ibiza ukusondela kwezisulu ezibomvu. Nakuba i-UK’s Leact ihlala iphikisana kakhulu, kukhula ukuvumelana phakathi kwemikhakhakha engo yezombangazwe ethi, inqubo efanelekile idinga i-“Micromo yoLwesihlanu elungile, [[FLT] [FLT] [f] ukubuyisana nokulunga kobulungisa.

Isiphetho: Umsebenzi Oqhubekayo Wokuthula

I-Good Wear Agreement ayizange ibe indawo yokugcina; yayiwuhlelo lokuthatha uhambo. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu kamuva, uhambo lusalokhu lungaphelelanga. Ukuwohloka kwezombangazwe, ukungalingani okuphikelelayo, umsebenzi wobusosha, nokungalungiswa konke kuvivinya amandla esivumelwano okuletha ukuqina. Kodwa isivumelwano siqukethe futhi amathuluzi okuvuselela izakhiwo zaso siqu . izinhlangano, izindikimba ezihamba phambili, ukuzinikela elungelweni ezizimele, ukuyekelela amalungelo abantu, nokuvuma ukuhlehla kokuhlehla kwemithetho. Iqiniso lokuthi amandla aphinde avusene ngemva kweminyaka emibili yenhlekelele libonisa ukuthi inqubo yezombangazwe isayokugcina iphila. Inseleleko yamanje i-Northern Ireland ayisayikushiya i-Reactivess, kodwa ukuzuza isithembiso sokulungisa inhlekelele, ukuvuselela inhlekelele, futhi ukwakhiwa kwempi, futhi izakhamuzi beze izakhamuzi besikhathi esizayo, kodwa isekela ekutholeni ukuvumelana kwempumelelo. Impumelelo yamuva yesikhathi sokuthula.

[[Ukwenyuka:0] Ukufunda okuphindaphindiwe[[QUL:1]