Ukunqwabelana Kwabantu Nemisebenzi Yentuthuko Eyandayo

Imisebenzi emikhulu yosizo oluyisilinganiso (enokuba inhlekelele ingenzeka, ukuthuthuka isikhathi eside, noma ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezezisekelo.) Kunalokho, incike ngokusekelwe emthonjeni owodwa wezimali. Kunalokho, iminikelo evela kwabanikeli abaningi: ohulumeni bezizwe, izinhlangano ezihlukene (njenge World Bank noma izinhlangano ze-UN), izisekelo ezizimele, izisekelo zenkampani, ngisho nokusebenza kwabantu ngabanye abanosizo. Nakuba lokhu kungafani kungaletha imithombo engaphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe, futhi kuveza inselele yezinselele zokubambisana kwezimiso zokusebenza, uma zingasehlela phansi yonke imizamo.

Isilinganiso sezenhlalakahle nentuthuko yanamuhla sigcizelela umbango. Ngo-2023, usizo olungokomthetho lokuthuthukisa i-ODA lwafinyelela phezulu kakhulu kunelamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-200, amakhulu emisele ehlangene nezindlela eziningi ezihilelekile. Iminikelo yokusiza inezela amashumi ezigidi ezengeziwe. Umniniyo ngamunye usebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho ehlukene, ukubika izindinganiso, nokucindezela kwezombangazwe. Uma lemifula ehlukahlukene ihlangana eprojekthi eyodwa, amathuba okukhuhlana. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinselele eziyinhloko zezekwehlisa izindleko zezimali ukuze inyuse izinto eziza kuqala.

Izinselele Zokusebenzisa Izisebenzi Eziningi

Ngaphambi kokufuna amakhambi, kubalulekile ukuqonda izithiyo ezithizekelele eziphakamayo lapho kuhlelwa imithombo eminingi yezimali. Lezi zinselele zingahlanganiswa ngezigaba ezintathu ezibanzi: ukuhleleka okungokomthetho, imithwalo yemali neyokuphathwa kwezwe, kanye nemingcele yokulandisa.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala Neminyaka Ehlukahlukene

Umnini-ndlu ngamunye uletha izinhloso zakhe ezifanelekile. Inhlangano yosizo kahulumeni ingahlela izithakazelo zezezombangazwe noma ukusebenzelana kwezentengiselwano. Isisekelo esizimele singagxila ekusungulweni noma ezindaweni ezithile ezikhethekile njengempilo kamama. Inhlangano ye-UN ingagcizelela ukuvumelana neSistatible Development Zomgomo (SDGS). Lokhu kungafani kungaholela ekuxazululeni okungqubuzanayo kokuklanywa kweprojekthi, imiphakathi ehlonze, kanye nemiphumela ebambekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, umniniyo angagcizelela ukuxhasa ukuxhaswa kwezakhiwo eziyinhloko kuphela, kuyilapho enye ifuna ukuba ingxenye yabelwe ukuqeqeshwa komphakathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi nangemva kwengxoxo, ukunyukela okunjalo kungaholela ekuqasheni iprojeko noma amaqembu asebenze ngaphansi kweziqondiso eziphikisanayo.

Ukucwaninga kwe Komiti yosizo ephuhlisiwe kuqokomisa ukuthi izakhiwo zosizo ezihlukene zivame ukuphumela ekuthengiseleni kakhulu emazweni amukelayo. Umjikelezo okhethekile womsebenzi okhethekile womniniyo wokufaka iprojekthi(ukuhlongoza) ukubika(ukuthatha), ukudonsa izisebenzi ezingekho ekusetshenzisweni kwemisebenzi yasendle. Ukuthatha leziziqephu kudinga ukuvunyelwa komusa; kudinga ukuhlelwa kwemiyadi nemiphumela ehlanganyelweyo ehlobanayo ehloniswe umniniyo ngenkathi efeza imigomo eyinhloko yesakhiwo.

Izithiyo Ezilawulayo Neziwukuphikelela

Abanikazi abasebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho ehlukene engokomthetho ne-operation. Abanikeli be-biteral abavela e-European Union, ngokwesibonelo, kumelwe bavumelane nemithetho ye-EU, kuyilapho i-seat comment Act kahulumeni elandela i-Inforeign Act kanye nezigaba ezithile ezimelene ne-probicism. Izisekelo zomthetho zingaba nemithetho elinganiselwe esemthethweni kodwa zisebenzise imibandela yazo siqu evumela izimo ezivumelanayo. Uma amahlelo amaningi avumelanayo emsebenzini owodwa, ukuvuma ukuba ibhomu elingaphansi kwezindawo ezigciniwe. Ukugcinwa kwezimpahla, ukuqashwa kwezisebenzi zendawo, ukugcinwa kwezimali, ukugcinwa kwemali, ngisho nolimi olusetshenziswa emibhalweni yonke. Imicimbi kumelwe ivumelanise lezizimo ezisezingeni zokuzinhlenga, izijelo, noma ukulahlekelwa kwemali okungakhokhwazwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvikela ukonakala, ukuhlola indawo ezungezile, nezimfuneko zokulinganisela kwabesilisa nabesifazane kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. I-tritherithi ebanzi ebala iziqondiso zomninindlu ngamunye ezimelene nemisebenzi yemisebenzi iyinto ewusizo, kodwa ukuyigcina isesimweni sokuphila kweprojekthi kungenisa inzuzo. Njengoba kuphawulwe UN Department of Economic and Social Affance [, ibeke indinganiso ehambisana nezimfuneko zokuzinikela ezihambisana nezimiso zesizwe zokuphatha impahla kuhlala kuyinselele ekuphumeleleni ekwakheni.

Ukuphathwa Kwemali Nokubika Imithwalo

Mhlawumbe inselele ebonakalayo kakhulu usuku lonke ukuphatha ngokwezimali. Abanikeli abaningi basho ukuxhasa imali ehlukahlukene ngemifudlana yemali (inye ngemigqa yayo yemali), uhlelo lokususa, nemijikelezo yokuhlola. Amamanenja eprojekthi kumelwe alandele izindleko ngaphesheya kwale mifudlana, aqikelele ukuthi izimali ezizimele zisetshenziswa kuphela emisebenzini evunyelweyo naphakathi kwemisebenzi emisiwe. Lokhu kuvame ukudinga ama-akhawunti ahlukene ebhange, izinqola ezingaphansi, kanye nezimiso zokuhlela izimali. Izindleko, ngokwesibonelo, kungadingeka ukuba zithengwe ngokulinganayo ngapha nangapha nantathu noma ezine abanikele ngazo, ngayinye idinga ukusekela isiqinisekiso esihlukile.

Umbiko udinga ukulandisa okulinganayo. Abanye abanikelayo badinga ukulandisa kanye nemibiko yezimali; abanye balindele ukushintshwa kwanyanga zonke noma ukufinyelela kwangempela kwemisebenzi yamabhodi. Ukubika isikhathi okungavamile ukuhambisana, ukwenza isilinganiso esikhudlwana esikhubaza amandla okulawula alinganiselwe. I-Active Learning Network for Accounting and Livision in Humanitarian Act (ALNAP)[FLP] ibhale phansi indlela ukukhuluphala okunjalo okunelisayo okusiza ngayo ekutubekeni ijubane phakathi kwezisebenzi zasemasimini nasekwehliseni ukunakekela komsebenzi wezokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminikelo ingadinga ukuphethwa kwemishwa kwezindleko ezizimele noma ukuvalwa kwengxenye yesithathu, ukwenezela enye izindleko nohlelo lohlelo.

Amasu Okubambisana Okufeza Imisebenzi Eminingi

Nakuba izinselele zibalulekile, zikhona futhi zikhona. Ukubambisana okuphumelelayo kuxhomeke ezimisweni nasemikhubeni yamabomu. Ngezansi kunamasu asetshenziswa izinhlangano eziholayo zosizo kanye ne-comonia ukuze kuqondiswe izindawo ezihlukene ezinikelayo.

Yakhani Isimiso Sokubusa Esihlangene

Kusukela ekuqaleni, yenza uhlelo lokulawula oluhlanganisa bonke abanikelayo abayinhloko. Lokhu kungaba ikomiti yokuqondisa noma iqembu elisebenzisana neminikelo elihlangana njalo (ingxenye eyodwa kwezine noma eziqophaneni eziyinhloko). Iqembu kufanele livumelane ngenkolelo-lwazi yesakhiwo yonke, izivumelwano eziyinhloko, neminyango yezingozi. Ngokucacile, kumelwe futhi kunqume ukuthi izinqumo zenziwa kanjani lapho iminikelo iphikisana. I-memorandum yokuqonda (MoU) phakathi kwabanikeli, naphakathi kwenhlangano enikeza izivumelwano, ingazivumelanisa lezi zivumelwano. Izincwadi ezinjalo zinganciphisa izivumelwano ngokucace bhabha nokunikeza ukukhomba ukuxazulula impikiswano ngaphandle kokukhuphucuza endlunkulu.

Izakhiwo zokubusa ziyazuza futhi ngokuba nomsizi ongathathi hlangothi noma umnikeli womthofu osebenza njengephuzu elilodwa lokuxhumana. Ngokwesibonelo, ezimalini zemali yemali egciniwe eziningi ezisetshenziswa yi-World Bank, iBhange lisebenza njengomphathi wezimali, livumelanisa ukubika nokulahla izimali kuyilapho lihlonipha izithakazelo zomnikeli ngamunye.

Yiba Nendlela Yokusebenzisa Imali Nokubika

Ubuchwepheshe bungawenza lula kakhulu umthwalo wokuphathwa kwezimali. Ukufakwa kweprojekthi esekelwe emafwini kanye nesimiso sokuhlela okusekela ukuhlelwa kwemali okuningi, ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi, nokuhlelwa kwemishini, kanye namasilinganisi esisemthethweni sokubika enza ukuba kube lula ngempela ukuveza izindleko. Bonke abanikelayo kufanele babe sebefunde ukufinyelela kulesi simiso kuphela, ukuba baqaphele izindleko nentuthuko, kunokuba bafune imibiko esemthethweni. Isimiso kufanele futhi sisebenzise iflagi (ukuhlela) ngokwesibonelo, uma umniniyo engakwazi ukukhokha izindleko zokwakha, indawo yomnyango ingavimbela lezo zindleko ekukhokhelweni ukuba zikhokhwe.

Amakhambi amaningana e-software alungiselwe ukuphatha umsebenzi wosizo, njenge-open-source Directus (njengesibuyelo sezinhlelo ezisemthethweni) noma i-DHIS2 semininingwane yempilo. Nokho, ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe akunandaba nokuzibopha emthonjeni owodwa weqiniso. Uma umnini-software ebhekene nemininingwane efanayo, ukuthembana kuyakhula, futhi izicelo ze-hoc data ye-ad zehla.

Yenza Isilinganiso Esivamile Nokubika Ngemifula

Kunokuba ukhiqize imibiko ehlukene yomniniyo ngamunye, sebenzela ukuhlanganisa umbiko ohambisana nowodwa, obanzi ohlangabezana nezimfuneko ezivamile. Qala ngokubala amathemba omniniyo ngamunye okubika: okuqukethwe, ukuhlelwa, ukuphindeka, nokusayinwa. Yazi ukungqubana nokuxoxa. Imizamo yokwenza umbiko ohlangene ivame ukuncipha kakhulu kunemibiko ephindaphindiwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, cabangela ukusebenzisa uhlaka lokubika oluyindinganiso lwe-International Aid Transparency Initive (IATA) noma uhlelo lokubika lwe-OECD-DAC. Nakuba kungebona bonke abanikeli abakwamukelayo, abaningi manje bayakwamukela, futhi ukukwamukela kunciphisa ukuphikisana kokuqondisa kokwaziswa okuhunyushwa phakathi kwamafomethi.

Ukusekela Ukumiswa Kombuso Okuzinikezele

Ukuhlanganisa abanikeli abaningi umsebenzi ogcwele. Uhlelo lwemisebenzi kufanele lwabe indima ethile. Ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi “umxhumanisi wesivumelwano” noma“ umphathi we-arhente”. Indima ekuphela kwayo iwukulawula ukuxhumana kweminikelo, ukulandelelana, nokubika. Lendima isebenza njengebhuloho, ukuvikela ubuchwepheshe nezisebenzi zasemasimini eziphakamisiwe. Emikhankasweni emikhulu, kungase kudingeke, izisebenzi eziphethe izimali, ukuthobelana, nokuhlola i-& i-. Nakuba lokhu kunezela ngemikhakha ephezulu, ukutshala imali kuyazikhokhela ngokuvimbela ukulibala, ukusebenza futhi kulahlekelwe imali ngenxa yokuphola.

Indaba yephuzu

Ukuhlolwa kweGlobal Fund’s Country Coordining Mechanists kwathola ukuthi amazwe anazo izilinganiso ezinikezelwe angcono kakhulu ngokuhlela iziphakamiso eziningi nokuhlela ukugcinwa kwezikhathi eziningi ezimisiwe kunezincike kumakomiti okuzithandela. Izifundo ezifanayo zisebenza ekuxhumaneni okukodwa.

Yakhani Isiko Lokubonisana Nokulandisa Komunye Nomunye

Abanikazi bavame ukufuna ukulandisa kusetshenziswa kodwa bangase bangazibekeli icala elifanayo ngokulahla okufike ngesikhathi noma ukusabela. Ukubambisana okuphumelelayo nokuningi kudinga isiko lapho wonke amaqembu evulekile khona ngezinselele. Imihlangano yasikhathi sonke kufanele ihlanganise izingxoxo eziqotho zokusebenza nokungasebenzi, kunokuba izintshumayelo ezicaciwe. Uma ukubambezela kwezimali komnikazi othile kusongela umsebenzi, abanye kufanele bazimisele ukuthatha isikhashana noma izimali zangaphambili uma izakhiwo zokubusa zivuma. Lokhu kushintsha komsebenzi kuhlanganisa ukuthembana nokungalungisi lapho umsebenzi ungalungisi lapho iminikelo iveza izinqubo zangaphakathi.

Ngokufanayo, amathuluzi kumelwe abe nokuveza ngokuhluleka. Umsebenzi ophuthelwa ingqopha - mlando kufanele udlulisele imbangela eyisisekelo nezenzo zokulungisa ngokushesha, kunokuba ulinde kuze kube umbiko olandelayo. Abanikazi nabo, kufanele bavumele ukulungisa izifundo zezifundo ngaphandle kokuvusa izinqubo zokuzilungisa futhi. Ukubhalisa okufanayo ngengozi, okuvuselelwe njalo, kungahlela le nkululeko.

Ithonya Lokuvumelana Okungekuhle: Imiphumela Yangempela Yezwe

Izingozi ezingabonakali zokubambisana okungahleleki kahle kwezisebenzi ezinikelayo ziba sobala emisebenzini yangempela. Ukuncishiswa kwemibhobho yomzamo kuvame: abanikeli ababili abazimele basekela izinhlelo ezifanayo zokuqeqesha umphakathi ofanayo kuyilapho izinto ezidingekayo zingafakwanga. Imithombo yemivubukulo ilandela lapho izimiso eziningi zezimoto zisebenza ngokulinganayo phakathi kwe-_ne" nemikhumbi yezimoto, izinqolobane, kanye nokuthengwa kwemibhobho ekhudlelwane. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuhluleka ukubambisana kunezela ekusizeni ukuhlukana, lapho umphumela owengeziwe wokungenela kwezindlela eziningi ezizuzisayo ungaphansi kwengqikithi yezingxenye zabo.

Isibonelo esisodwa se-profile enkulu kwakuyimpendulo yokuzamazama komhlaba kwe-Haiti ka-2010. Abanikela nge-NGOS abangaphezu kuka-1,000 kanye nenqwaba yabanikazi begazi abasebenza endaweni ezungezile engahlelekile. Umbiko we-Overseas Development Institute (ODI) waphawula ukuthi ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi kanye nezikhala ezindaweni eziphakathi njengenhlanzeko kwaqhubeka izinyanga eziningi. Umbiko waleyo ezifunekayo waqeda isilinganiso esingaba ngu 25% sesikhathi sezisebenzi zasemasimini, ususa usizo oluqondile. Umphumela we-efficieces wanteck elulaza ukululama nokunciphiselwano emphakathini.

Ngesilinganiso esincane, umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa asemaphandleni eMpumalanga Afrika wathatha ijubane elithatha iminyaka emibili ngoba omunye umnikeli kahulumeni wadinga ukuhlaziywa kwendoda nenkosikazi ngaphambi kokuba avume isigaba esilandelayo, kuyilapho umnini-isisekelo wayenomthetho oqinile wokusebenza ngoMatshi. Inhlangano esebenzisa imishini ayinakukwazi ukugcwalisa izimo zombili ngesikhathi esifanayo ngenxa yemidaba ephikisanayo. Lo msebenzi walahlekelwa yizimali zesisekelo ngokuphelele futhi kwadingeka ukuba ziphinde zibhalwe. Ukubambisana okungcono kwakungase kuphawulwe lempikiswana phakathi nesigaba sokuklama, kuvumele abani ukuba balungise izimo noma imishini ukuba bahlele imisebenzi ehlukahlukeneyo.

Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside Yokuphumelela Kosizo

Ngaphandle kokungahleleki komsebenzi osheshayo, izinkinga eziphikelelayo zokubambisana zilulaza izimiso ezibanzi zokusiza − umninindlu, ukuhleleka, ukuqondisa, ukusingatha imiphumela, nokulandisa komuntu ngamunye, njengoba kuboniswe kuyi-Paris Declaration ka-2005. Uma abanikelayo bephikelela ezinqubweni zabo siqu, benza izimiso zamazwe zibe buthaka futhi bandise izindleko zokuthengiselana kohulumeni abanwebekile kanye nabantu bendawo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuqeda amandla ezinhlangano zendawo okuthuthukisa intuthuko yazo, kudala umjikelezo wokuncintisana emisebenzini eqhutshwa ngaphandle komthetho. Ngakho - zenza izinhlangano eziningi zingesona nje isici esiyinhloko senqubo yokuthuthukisa intuthuko eqinile.

Isiphetho: Indlela Ephambili Yemisebenzi Yokusebenza Eminingi

Ukuhlanganisa inqwaba yabantu abanikela ngemisebenzi yosizo elinganisweni enkulu kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwemvelo, kodwa kubalulekile ekunciphiseni igalelo nokunciphisa imfucumfucu. Izinselele ``izinhlelo eziguquguqukayo, ama-millary'endled, ukubika ukukhuluphala ("kungokoqobo"kukhona, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukukunqoba. Ngokuklama ngenhloso: isakhiwo sokubusa, ubuchwepheshe obuhlangene, ukubika okuhlangene, izisebenzi ezinikezelwe, nempucuko yokubona kukhanya, imisebenzi ingaguqula isiphithiphithiphithi sesenzo esihlangene.

Ukubambisana komsebenzi akusona isimo esingokwemvelo; kumelwe kwakhiwe. Kudinga umzamo wokwenza izimali kubantu abazosebenza nabo namathuluzi ukuba bavumelane ngezindinganiso ezifanayo, bahloniphe ukuvimbelana komunye nomunye, futhi bagcine abazuzayo bomsebenzi ekugcineni phakathi nendawo. Njengoba izwe liqhubekela kwezinye izibonelo ezisendaweni ezungezile kanye nezimiso zobudlelwane, ikhono lokuhlela ngokuphumelelayo abanikeli abaningi liyoba ikhono elibucayi nakakhulu. Ukutshala kulezizimiso namuhla kuyoba nemiphumela yemisebenzi, ukuthembana, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ($) imiphakathi eklanywe ngemisebenzi yokusiza iklanyelwe ukukhonza.

Ekugcineni, impumelelo ekwakhekeni kwezindawo eziningi ezihlangeneyo ilinganiswa ngenani lemihlangano eqhutshwayo noma imibiko egcinwe, kodwa ngokubambisana nokusebenza komsebenzi osemhlabeni. Uma wonke amadollar ehambisana nomgomo ofanayo, futhi lapho imithwalo yokuqondisa ingasawuvali umsebenzi wobungane, amathuba agcwele ezenzo zomphakathi angafezeka.