Kulenkathi yanamuhla yezokuhlola izibalo, ikhono lokuhlola imithombo yezindaba nokwaziswa libaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Ngokwanda kwemithombo yezindaba nejubane lapho ukwaziswa kusakazeka khona emapulatifomu ezokuxhumana, imibiko yezindaba, iziphathi, nasemawebhusayithi azimele, abafundi kanye nabafundisi ngokufanayo babhekene nenselele ephuthumayo yokuqonda ukwaziswa okungakholekiyo kokwaziswa okunganembile, ukuhluzwa kolwazi, kanye nenkulumo ezinamasu. Ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuhluzenezekekayo okucabanga akuseyona into engcono kakhulu ukuze kuphumelele ezifundweni, ukuba umuntu abe yindawo yakhe, nokuba nesinqumo somuntu siqu. Lesiqondiso esinwebile sinikeza ipulani ekwakhela amasu abanzi, izinqubo zezifundo zesikole, amathuluzi ezokuhlola isayensi yokwembula indawo yanamuhla ngokuzethemba.

Ukuqonda Ukufunda

Ukufunda ulwazi yikhono lokubona, ukuthola, ukuhlola, nokusebenzisa ulwazi ngokuphumelelayo. Leli khono liyisisekelo sokuhamba ngenkampane yezindaba nezokwaziswa ezixubile kuyi-inthanethi. Ngaphandle kokuthola imithombo, ukufunda ulwazi kudinga ukucubungula ukuthi imvelaphi, injongo, nokwethembeka kwazo zonke izinto esizitholayo. INhlangano ye-College & Research Libraryalsuredial (ACRL) ichaza ulwazi njengeqoqo lamakhono ahlobene ahlanganisa ukutholwa kolwazi, ukuqonda indlela ulwazi olukhiqizwa ngayo nokwaziswa okubalulekile, nokusetshenziswa kolwazi ekudaleni ulwazi olusha. Ukuthuthukisa lokhu kuhlanganisa isihluthulelo esiningana esisebenza ndawonye ukuze kungene ekuhloleni okubanzi noma ukulandisa.

Ukuqaphela Isidingo Sokwaziswa

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekufundeni ulwazi ukuvuma ukuthi kunegebe olazini lwakho nokuthi udinga ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa ukuze ugcwalise. Lokhu kuqaphela ngokuvamile kuvela lapho uhlangana nesihloko esikhulu sezindaba esibonakala sishaqisa kakhulu ukuba singenzeki, izibalo eziphikisana nalokho ocabanga ukuthi uyazi, noma i-methodia yezokuxhumana esho into engavamile. Kunokuba uthathe igebe elingekho, yima ubuze: "Yini ngempela engiyaziyo ngalendaba? ? Yimaphi amaqiniso okuzihlola okumelwe ngiwaqinisekise??

Ukubona Imithombo Ebonakalayo

Akuyona yonke imithombo esungulwe elinganayo. Ukuvumelana kuxhomeke ezicini ezinjengezindinganiso zomhleli, ubuchwepheshe bombhali nomlando wendlela, ukuba khona komcabango nezikhombo, kanye nedumela lomthombo wonke. Izinhlangano zezindaba ezidumelwayo njenge Reuters, i-Associated Press, ne-BBBC zigcina iqiniso eliqinile lokuhlola izinqubo. Imishini yomhleli nezinhlangano zikahulumeni ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengemithombo ephezulu. Nokho, ngisho neziphakamiso ezithembekile zingawenza amaphutha noma zibonise ukucwasana okungakhohlo, ngakho i-crossting ihlala ibalulekile. Inqubo ewusizo i-heuralism i-heurristry: ivula i-tab entsha nokucwaninga phambi kokuthembela kuyo. [FLDY:] Projectalsting[FP][FP]

Ukunciphisa Ukuvumelana Kolwazi

Ukuthembeka kuhambisana nesandla esikhona ngokuthembeka kodwa kugxila kakhulu ekufuneni okuqondile okusendabeni noma embikweni. Buza: Ingabe ubufakazi bukhona obuqinisekisiwe? Ingabe imithombo eyinhloko ikhona? Ungathola ukutadisha kwakuqala, umniningwane ohleliwe, noma ingxoxo engochwepheshe esekela lokho okushiwoyo? Yingalinda amaflagi abomvu njengemithombo engashiwongo, ulimi olungokomzwelo oluklanyelwe ukuvusa ukusabela, noma ukungabikho kwanoma yibuphi ubufakazi obungakho. Ukwaziswa okuthembekile futhi kumelana nokuhlolwa kweqiniso oluzimele. Ngokwesibonelo, uma indaba ingenalo usuku, iphatha umbhali nge-line, noma ithembele ngokuphelele kumuntu oyedwa ongashiwongomagama, umbhali owethembayo.

Ukusebenzisa Ulwazi Ngokucophelela

Ukusetshenziswa kokwaziswa kusho ukunikeza udumo olufanele emithonjeni yokuqala, ukugwema ukuthatha izinto ngokuzifaka phansi, futhi ungasonteli amaqiniso ukuze kuvumelane nokulandisa. Lapho uxoxa ngezindaba noma ukucwaninga, hlanganisa umbiko noma ukuhlobana ukuze abanye bakwazi ukulandelela ukwaziswa emuva ekuveleni kwakho. Lomkhuba awugcini nje ngokwakha ukwethembana kodwa futhi ufaka iqhaza ekwakheni ulwazi olunempilo lapho izibalo zingaphikiswa futhi zifakazelwe ngokucace kakhulu. Kubafundisi, ukulingisa ukuziphatha okuhle ekwandiseni kwezincwadi zekilasi kubekela abafundi isibonelo esiqinile.

Amasu Okusakaza Izindaba

Lapho uthola izihloko noma imibiko yezindaba, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela ezithile ukuze uhlole ukuthembeka kwabo. Indlela ehleliwe iyokusiza ukuba uhlukanise amaphephandaba anokwethenjelwa kulolu hlelo olujikelezayo, i - clickbait, noma ukudweba ingcaca. Ngezansi kunezinqubo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko, ngayinye echazwe ngokuningiliziwe.

Hlola Umthombo

Hlola incwadi noma ingosi enyathelise isihloko. Ingabe kuthembekile futhi kungokomlando? Sebenzisa i-Wikipedia noma amathuluzi anjenge- Media Bias/Fact Chack ukuze ufunde ngezindinganiso zomthombo obikayo kanye nokuthambekela kwezombangazwe. Qaphela iziphakamiso ezincike kakhulu ezincike kakhulu ezinombono ngaphandle kokuwubhala amagama, noma ama-webhthi afana nokubukeka kwemidwebo yezindaba esemthethweni (umz., usebenzisa amabala afanayo noma amagama ezindawo). Futhi hlola “Ngesikhasi” uma ingenawo amasu noma uma igcwele ngezinkulumo zemisebenzi kodwa ingekho inqubo yomhleli, cabanga ukuthi iwuhlobo olubomvu.

Funa Amaphuzu Abalulekile

Ngubani owabhala lesi sihloko? I-memorifecture ethembekile emboze isayensi, ngokwesibonelo, i-operar ivame ukuqeqeshwa noma ukutshelwa kwesayensi. Bheka i-line enezixhumaniso ze-professol ze-project ochwepheshe, umsebenzi ongaphambili, noma imithombo yezindaba yezenhlala-khaya. Qaphela abalobi abavela kuphela ezingosini ezifiphele noma abanezici ezingenakuqinisekiswa. Uma umlobi ecabanga ukuthi ungumuntu ofana nowayene-mfaya, qaphela ukucusumbula kwenhlangano. Ababhali bamukela ngokucace gcabelo olungenagama noma izingxenyana ze-mfashini (kuqanda nje ezingeni ezingavamile zomlindiselo) bafanelwe ukungabaza okwengeziwe.

Hlola Ubufakazi

Izihloko zezindaba eziphezulu ezihlobana nemithombo eyinhloko (imithombo ephezulu) ihlanganisa ukuzwana okukhulu nemithombo eyinhloko (imibiko kahulumeni, amaphepha asenkantolo, noma izingcaphuno eziqondile ezidluliselwe iminikelo. Bheka inani lemithombo ehlukene noma uthembele emthonjeni owodwa, ongase usokele. Ngokwesibonelo, indaba ethi intuthuko entsha yezokwelapha kufanele ibhekisele kumagazini ongontanga obonwayo futhi ihlanganise ngokufanelekile nokuchaza okuzimele. Uma lesi sihloko sihlola imithombo ehlukene noma sithembele emthonjeni owodwa, singabaza ukuthi ikhona yini.

Yisho Ukuthi Yiziphi Izibiya

Ingxenye ngayinye yokubhala iqukethe isilinganiso esithile sobandlululo, kodwa isihluthulelo siwukuqaphela lapho ubandlululo luphazamisa ukwaziswa. Hlola amagama athathweyo: amagama athwetshiwe: “radical,”“aqhelekileyo,” yembula ukuthi umlobi ume ngendlela azizwa ngayo. Futhi phawula ukuthi yini engakhishwanga. Kukhona imibono noma amaqiniso angabekela inselele ukulandisa impikiswano? Qhathanisa ukuhlobana kwesenzakalo esifanayo phakathi kwezindawo ezithathelwanayo ezihlukene zezombangazwe. All Sides webhthi [ inikeza ukuqhathanisa okungalé kwezindaba ezisuka kwesobunxele, phakathi kwesobunxele, phakathi kwengxenye yesokudla, futhi nesokudla, kukusiza ukubona ukuthi izimpawu zokuveza izimpawu zemibono ehlukahlukene.

Uphawu-lokulalela ukwaziswa

Ungalokothi uthembele emthonjeni owodwa. Ukuqinisekisa amaqiniso agxekayo ngezici ezimbili noma ezintathu ezizimele, ezithembekile. Uma indaba ilungile, uzothola ikhulunyelwe ezindaweni eziningi, ngokuvamile inemininingwane edidayo. Uma indawo eyodwa kuphela engacacile noma i-collect imbobo ehlanganisayo, yingasoleki. Ukunqamula okusebenzayo kuhlanganisa nokuhlola amaqiniso anjenge-Snopes, FactCheck.org, noma i-Pritifact. La ma-project asholoct. La ma-project asholot ashop asho into ekhona ngokushesha noma anikeze ubufakazi obungaqinisekisa noma ukukhipha indaba.

Izindlela Ezibucayi Zokucabanga

Izinqubo ezilandelayo azisebenzi ezihlokweni zezindaba kuphela kodwa nasemibhalweni yezindaba, izinkulumo zezombangazwe nezingosi zezokuxhumana.

Buza Imibuzo Ewubushiqela

Indlela yobuSocrates yokubuza idlulela ngalé kokwamukelwa kwamanani angaphezulu. Uma uthola isikhala, buza:

  • Iyini injongo yalokhu kwaziswa?
  • Yikuphi ukulinganisela okunikezwa umlobi?
  • Yibuphi ubufakazi obunikezwayo, futhi baqoqwa kanjani?
  • Ingabe zikhona ezinye izincazelo noma izimpikiswano?
  • Isizinda somlobi noma imali yakhe ingakuthonya kanjani lokho akuqukethe?

Ukubhala phansi lemibuzo nokuyiphendula ngokuhleleka kungaveza izindawo ezibuthakathaka kunoma yimiphi impikiswano. Ukuhlanganisa kwe-Critical Singning kunikeza iziqondiso ezinhle kakhulu zobuSocratic memotions.

Hlaziya Amaphuzu Aveza Amaphutha Anengqondo

Iziphambeko ezinengqondo ziyiphutha ekucabangeni okululaza ukufaneleka kwempikiswano. Amaphutha avamile ezindabeni nakumazwi ahlanganisa:

  • Ad hominem: Ukuhlasela umuntu esikhundleni sempikiswano.
  • inkinga engamanga: inikeza amakhetho amabili kuphela uma ekhona.
  • [ Umuntu womoya: Ukungaqondi okumeleyo komelene naye ukwenza kube lula ukuhlasela.
  • [[UMTH:0] Ukuthatha igunya: Ukucaphuna uchwepheshe emkhakheni ongahlobene.
  • Ukukhetha: ukukhetha kuphela ubufakazi obusekela isiphetho kuyilapho ungayinaki imininingwane ephikisanayo.

Ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bazi lezi ziphambeko kubahlomisela ukubona ngokusebenzisa izinkulumo ezinamandla.

Cabangela Imiqondo Eminingi

Isihloko esisodwa sivame ukuveza umbono owodwa. Lokhu akusho ukuthi yonke imiqondo iyasebenza ngendlela efanayo, kodwa ukuqonda imibono ehlukahlukene kukusiza ukuba wakhe isahlulelo esicacile.

Cabanga Ngobuntu Bakho

Ukuqinisekisa ukucwasana − ukuthambekela ekusekeleni ukwaziswa okuqinisekisa izinkolelo ezikhona − kungenye yezithiyo ezinkulu ekucabangeni ngokugxeka. Ngaphambi kokwahlulela izindaba, zibuze: “Uma lendaba isekela uhlangothi oluhlukile lwemibono yami, ngingayibheka ngendlela ehlukile?” Zama ukufunda izihloko eziphikisana nokucabanga kwakho futhi ucabangele izinzuzo zempikiswano ephikisayo. Ukugcina “umagazini” lapho uphawula khona ukusabela kwakho okungokomzwelo ezindabeni kungakhulisa ukuqamba kwakho izindaba.

Ukuhlanganyela Abafundi Engxoxweni

Ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuba baxoxe ngezindaba nangokwaziswa kungakhuthaza ukucabanga okugxekayo. izingxoxo zekilasi ziphoqelela abahlanganyela ekucaciseni, ekuvikeleni izikhundla ngobufakazi, nasekucabangeleni ukuphikisa. Amasu angezansi aguqula ukusetshenziswa kwezindaba kube ukuhlaziya okusheshayo.

Izimpikiswano Ngezenzakalo Zanamuhla

Hlela izimpikiswano ezihlelwe kahle ngezihloko eziphikisanayo noma ezihlukene. Yabela abafundi ukuba bacwaninge futhi baphikisane ngezimo ezingase zihluke ngokwemibono yabo. Lomkhuba ukhulisa uzwela, ukugxeka, nekhono lokwakha ubufakazi obusekelwe. Beka imithetho eyisisekelo edinga ukudluliswa kwemithombo ethembekile nokuvinjelwa komuntu siqu. Ngemva kwale ngxoxo, yenza abafundi baqonde ukuthi iziphi izincazelo ezintsha abazitholayo.

Ukuhlaziywa Kweqembu Kwezihloko Zezindaba

Yahlukanisa ikilasi libe ngamaqoqo amancane futhi unike iqembu ngalinye isihloko esihlukile ngesenzakalo esisodwa . esikhethwe ezingeni elinemibono ehlukene. Iqembu ngalinye liye lahlola isihloko lisebenzisa izimpawu ezingenhla (umthombo, umlobi, ubufakazi, ubandlululo, ukuhlanganisa ama-parderraferences). Khona - ke lenza amaqembu aqhathanise athole okutholakele. Lokhu kubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi indaba efanayo ingahlelwa kanjani ngezindlela ezihlukene kakhulu, kugcizelela isidingo sokuhlanganisa i-pharprensing.

Imithombo Yezindaba Ebonisa Ukucasuka

Yenza abafundi babe nencwadi yamasonto onke lapho bekhetha khona indaba yezindaba, bayifingqa, futhi basebenzise izinyathelo zokuhlola ezigxekayo. Kufanele baphawule ukuthembeka komthombo, baphawule noma yikuphi ubandlululo, futhi bachaze ukuthi kungani bekwenza noma bengakwethembi lokhu kwaziswa.

Abashicileli Abayizivakashi Abavela Encwadini Yokusakaza Nokufunda Ezezindaba

Mema abacosheli bezindaba bendawo, abahleli, noma abafundisi bezokubhala ukuba bakhulume nekilasi. Lezizazi zingahlanganyela okuhlangenwe nakho okungokoqobo kwezwe kokuthi ama-memone aqinisekisa kanjani izindaba, asingatha iziluleko, futhi asebenzise izingqinamba zezimiso. Zingahola futhi amashabhu ekuboneni ukuhlelwa okujulile nokuqonda okuqukethwe yi-algorithism. Ukuxhumana okuqondile nochwepheshe kuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwezindaba futhi kwakhe ukuthemba kumaphephandaba asemthethweni.

Ukusebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe Ukuze Uhlolwe

Ubuchwepheshe bungasiza ekuhloleni izindaba nokwaziswa. Amathuluzi emishini angezansi asiza imishini eqinisekisa ukuthi iyasebenza futhi anikeze isiqondiso esihlelwe kahle esizosiza ekuhloleni iqiniso.

Ama - webhsayithi Ahlola Iqiniso

Iqiniso elinikezelwe cishe lihlola iziphakamiso zegciwane futhi likhiphe izinqumo ezinemininingwane. Sebenzisa Snopect ezinganekwaneni zasedolobheni nasemahebeni olwembutho ye-Internet, FactDectec.org[ [[FLT:] [[FLT]] PULOct [[FLD] ku-U.S. izinkulumo zezombangazwe (zilinganiswe ngeQiniso ngo-OOCOM). Amazwe amaningi analo iqiniso lawo siqu le-we-scheckers; [[FLD:6] ne-LaLDindererss igcina indawo yembulunga yonke [FFFLD:7]. Le projectals.'icences awebooms'iadiadia noma isiphi sezethi yezenkolo.

Iziphakamiso Zesiyaluzi nokubhala

Izinhlelo eziningi ziklanyelwe ukusiza abasebenzisi ngokukhethekile ukuba bahlole imithombo. I- “NewsGuander” eyandisiweyo (etholakala nge-Chrome, Siphelo, nangeSafari) ibonisa uphawu lokuhlukanisa eduze kwezindawo zezindaba zonke", oluvame ukuthenjwa, olubomvu ngokungenathemba---------"full" futhi luhlanganisa i-“Nutrition Letter” echaza ubunikazi besizayo, izimali, nemisebenzi yokuhlela.“FctStream” aggprees yiqiniso → amacheckes asuka ezinhlanganweni eziningi. Kubasebenzisi beselula, i-B. i-“S. Dweemover" (eyebo ekuqaleni i-Chtleandrome) ingakuqapha izindawo ezaziwayo, nakuba idinga ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela ukugwema izinto ezilungile.

Buyisela amathuluzi wokuhlola isithombe

Izithombe namavidiyo kuvame ukukhishwa noma ukukhishwa ngaphandle komongo. Sebenzisa i-Google Isithombe siguqula ukuphenya kwesithombe (noma u-Tineye) ukugcwalisa isithombe futhi ubone ukuthi sivelaphi. Ungathola ukuthi isithombe esiyisimanga esibhalwe ukuthi “ukubhikisha okunesithunzi” ngempela sathathwa eminyakeni eminingi edlule ezweni elihlukile. Amavidiyo, amathuluzi anjenge-INVID (i-i-projectal) asiza ukuqinisekisa ukufica ngokuhlola ama-fremu nama-methametha.

Izinqubo Nezimo Eziqeqeshayo Kuyi - Internet

Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza izifundo zamahhala noma eziphansi ezigxile ngokukhethekile ekufundeni izindaba nasekucabangeni okugxekayo. [[FLT]News Project ye-“Cynicology” plat[ inikeza izifundo ezisiza abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme naphakathi. IYunivesithi yaseMichigan inikeza futhi uhlelo olukhethekile lwe-Literation mayelana no-“Ulwazi lwe-Avastication” olufundisa amakhono asebenzayo njengokufunda nokuchofoza. Imfundo (othisha) ukuqeda imodura enjalo inganikeza isisekelo esingcono.

Isiphetho

Ukuthuthukisa amakhono okucabanga abucayi ekuhloleni izindaba nokwaziswa kubalulekile kubafundi abakhula ezweni eligcwele izinto ezihambisana nemishini. Ngokusebenzisa amasu abekwe kulesiqondiso suka emthonjeni ohleliwe wezifundo zezifundo kanye nezobuhlalo wezifundo zekilasi kanye nokuhlola amathuluzi ekhodibhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhubhu (abaqondisi) banganika abafundi amandla okuthola ukwaziswa. Lamakhono adlulela ngalé kwekilasi: balungiselela intsha ukuba ikwazi ukuhlukanisa isayensi yezezindaba zanamuhla, ihlanganyele ngokunenzuzo enkulu enkulumweni yedemokhrasi, futhi imelane. Njengoba abafundi bebuza imibuzo ephenyanisa, i-presething àcrensieting, futhi becabangela ukukhetha kwabo, ngeke bathuthukise nje kuphela ukusebenza kwayo kwemfundo kodwa futhi babe nemisebenzi ethembekile, bahlose izakhamuzi ezikwazi ukwenza ubufakazi obusezingeni ezisekuyo kuzo zonke izindawo zokuphila.