Emqokamweni womthetho wobandlululo lweminyaka, igama elithi elinengqondo indawo yokuhlala. Lisho ukulungisa noma ukulungisa umqashi noma inhlangano eyenza ukuze umuntu wenkathi ethile akwazi ukuhlanganyela ngokugcwele emsebenzini noma kwamanye amathuba. Ukuqonda ukuthi yini ehlela indawo yokuhlala efanelekile kusiza ekucaciseni izibopho ezingokomthetho nesivikelo. Lomqondo, nakuba uhlobene kakhulu nomthetho okhubazekile ngaphansi komthetho we-Melika onokwehluleka (ADA), unezinhlelo ezicacile zenkathi yobudala, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwenkathi yokucwaswa kwemisebenzi (AAA) ye-AA) nokwenziwa kwemithetho esemthethweni. Incazelo efanayo ayificishiwe ezinkantolo, iqala phakathi kokubusa, ukuqondisa, isikhungo esisebenzayo, izindawo ezisebenzayo, isho umehluko oqhubekayo phakathi kwemisebenzi noma ukugcinwa kwemisebenzi.

Isimiso Esingokomthetho Sokuthola Izindawo Zokuhlala Ezilinganiselwe Ekucwaseni Okudala

I-ADE Arenting in Act ka-1967 (ADEA) ivikela abantu abaneminyaka engu-40 ubudala noma ngaphezulu ekucwaseni ngemisebenzi ngenxa yobudala. Nokho, i-ADEA ayifuni ukuba abaqashi banikeze izisebenzi ezigugile izindawo ezifanele ngendlela efanayo ne-ADA ifuna izindawo zokuhlala ngenxa yokukhubazeka. Kunalokho, umqondo wokuhlala ngokusesilinganisweni ezimweni zobudala okhona ngokuvamile uvela kumamo: (1) uma umqashi kumelwe abeke imingcele ehlobene nesilinganiso sokukhubazeka, futhi (2) lapho ukwehluleka komqashi ukuhlalisa kuholela ekuhlukunyelweni okungalinganiyo noma ukucwaswa. [FOLD: 0] I-Ocroucement (EC) i-OK [FF1] i-A1] inikeza isiqondiso esinengqondo futhi i-ADA ifuna ukuqashelwa kwezisebenzi ukuba zigweme ukucwala inkathi yokwehlulwa.

I - ADEA Nendinganiso Engenazinkathazo

Ngokungafani ne-ADA, ehlanganisa imfuneko yokunikeza izisebenzi ezikhulile indawo yokuhlala ngokukhanyayo ngaphandle kokuba zibangele ubunzima obungadingekile, i-ADEA ayinagunya lokuhlala. Nokho, izinkantolo ziye zachaza i-ADEA ukuthi ifuna indawo yokuhlala ezimweni ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, uma izinhlelo zomqashi zingekho emsebenzini noma izimfuneko zomsebenzi ezidinga izisebenzi ezindala, umqashi kungadingeka alungise lezo zimfuneko ukuze agweme ithonya elibini eliyi-[. Icala leNkantolo ephakeme [[FLT:]]. V. iDolobha laseJack[[FLT][FLT3] [200] [200] [200] [i] [indlela engafanele yokugweba], kodwa abaqashi bangavikela ukuthi inqubo esekelwe kwezinye iziciko ze-FO.

Imithetho KaHulumeni Nezivikelo Ezengeziwe

Izifundazwe eziningi ziye zamisa imithetho enwebekayo ekuvikeleni kwe-ADEA. Ngokwesibonelo, eminye imisebenzi esemthethweni kahulumeni ithatha indinganiso ecacile ukuba abaqashi banikeze izisebenzi esezikhulile indawo yokuhlala efanelekile, ngisho noma zingenayo ikhubazeka. I-Fair Works and Hosleary Act yaseCalifornia (FEHA) noMthetho waMalungelo Obuntu iyisibonelo. Lemithetho ngokuvamile ichaza indawo yokuhlala ebanzi futhi ibeka umsebenzi kubaqashi ukuba bangene enqubweni yokuzini. Abaqashi abasebenza ezikhundleni eziningi kumelwe bazi ukuthi lezimfuneko ezihlukene.

Yini Ebhekwa Njengendawo Yokuhlala Enengqondo Emacalani Eminyaka Enokucwasana?

Igama elithi “ indawo yokuhlala enengqondo” emongweni wokwahlukanisa iminyaka kubhekisele kunoma yiluphi ushintsho noma ushintsho emsebenzini, indawo yomsebenzi, noma umkhuba wokusebenza owenza umuntu omdala akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile yesikhundla, ajabulele izinzuzo ezilinganayo namalungelo omsebenzi, noma ahlanganyele ekuqeqesheni nasemthuthukiseni amathuba. Ukuba nomqondo olinganiselwe kunqunywe entweni engu [“isisekelo se-“bykhasethi, ” NW], ukulinganisa izidingo zomsebenzi namaqiniso omqashi. Izibonelo ezivamile zihlanganisa:

  • Izinhlelo zomsebenzi ezifinyelelw'u - Ukuvumela ingxenye yamahora esikhathi angu-69, amasonto acindezelwe, noma umsebenzi we-tem-tem ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinkathazo zempilo noma imithwalo yemfanelo yokunakekela izisebenzi esezikhulile.
  • [ Imisebenzi ye-ergonomic [ - Ukunikeza izihlalo ezilungisiwe, amadeski amile, noma ezinye izinto zokunciphisa amandla.
  • Job ahlela kabusha – Ukumisa imisebenzi emincane edinga ukuphakamisa noma ukuma okuthatha isikhathi eside isisebenzi esikhulile esingasakwazi ukukwenza ngokuphephile.
  • [ Izindlela zokuqeqesha ezifakelweyo - - Inikezela izinto ezinkulu ezishicilelweyo ezingu-325, iziqeshana ezihamba kancane, noma uqeqesho olunye lwe-
  • [ Ubuchwepheshe obungaqondakali – Ukunikeza abafundi be desktop, i-software yokubhala ye-teknthi, noma izikhulisi zezisebenzi ezibonayo.
  • Ukubekwa endaweni engekho [ - Njengendlela yokugcina, uma isisebenzi singasakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wokuqala ngisho nendawo yokuhlala, sibayise emsebenzini ofanele wokuvula abafanelekela.

Ukuhlukanisa Iminyaka ■ Ukukhetha Izindawo Zokuhlala Ezingasatholakala

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izindawo zokulala eziningi eziceliwe izisebenzi esezikhulile zingafaneleka futhi njengezindawo zokulala ezikhubazekile ngaphansi kwe-ADA uma isifo esingaphansi kwesimo esiyinhloko (umzk., isifo samathambo, ukulahlekelwa izindlebe) sihlangabezana nencazelo yokukhubazeka. Nokho, izindawo zokuhlala ezibekelwe phansi zingacelwa kuphela ngenxa yokuncipha kobudala obuhambisanayo okungakhi ukukhubazeka. Ngokwesibonelo, isisebenzi esidinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokuqeda ukuhlolwa okubhaliwe ngenxa yokusebenza kancane kancane — hhayi ngenxa yokukhubazeka okungahlolwayo — singaba nelungelo lokuhlala ngaphansi komthetho ovikela izisebenzi ezindala. Abaqashwa kufanele bamelane isicelo ngasinye esingesona esikhubazekayo futhi bagweme ukuthi izisebenzi ezikhubazekile kuphela ezingathola indawo yokuhlala.

Izici Ezithonya Ukucabangela Kwendawo Yokuhlala

Ukunquma ukuthi indawo yokuhlala ilungile yini kudinga ukuhlaziywa okuyiqiniso. Izinkantolo nezinhlangano zokuphatha zihlola izici eziningana, njengoba zichazwe kumthetho we-AA[ nesiqondiso se-EEOC. Okulandelayo kuyizici ezibalulekile:

Imvelo Nezindleko Zokuhlala

Izindawo zokuhlala ezishibhile neziphazamisa kakhulu zivame ukubhekwa njengezinengqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukunikeza ucingo olukhulisiwe kudla izindleko ezimbalwa futhi akuvamile ukuphoqelela umthwalo wokusebenza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo okuhlongozwayo kungase kubhekwe njengokungenangqondo kumqashi omncane. Izimali zezimali zomqashi ziyimbangela eyinhloko; okunengqondo enkampanini yeFortual 500 kungase kungabi yifemu eyisihlanu.

Ithonya Emsebenzini Webhizinisi

Indawo yokuhlala akumelwe ishintshe isimo sebhizinisi noma ibangele ubunzima obungadingekile. Ubunzima obungadingekile buchazwa ngokulinganiselwe kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-ADEA kunangaphansi kwe-ADA, kodwa buhlanganisa ubunzima obukhulu noma izindleko. Izici zihlanganisa uhlobo lomsebenzi, inani lezisebenzi, kanye nomphumela ekusebenzeni kwezinye izisebenzi. Uma indawo yokuhlala iphazamisa ukuphepha, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo, noma ukwephula izimiso ezimisiwe, ingase ibhekwe njengengenangqondo.

Ukuphumelela Kwendawo Yokuhlala

Indawo yokuhlala kumelwe ikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile yomsebenzi. Abaqashi abadingeki ukuba banikeze indawo yokuhlala engasebenzi noma eyokwakha usongo oluqondile empilweni noma ekulondekeni. Isisebenzi sinomthwalo wemfanelo wokubonisa indlela indawo yokuhlala eceliwe eyosingatha ngayo umngcele. Ngokwesibonelo, uma isisebenzi sicela isimiso esinciphileyo somsebenzi kodwa singayiphelelisi imisebenzi eyisisekelo ngamahora ambalwa, umqashi angasikisela enye into, njengokuhlanganyela noma ukulinganisela isikhathi.

Isayizi Yabaqashi Nemithombo

Amabhizinisi amancane anemali elinganiselwe nezisebenzi ezimbalwa zingaba nenkululeko enkulu yokuncisha indawo yokuhlala engadingeka kumqashi omkhulu. iEEOC ibheka izimali zenkampani yonke, kuhlanganise nemithombo yenkampani yabazali, lapho ihlola ubunzima obungadingekile. Inhlangano encane yenzuzo engabizi ingaphikisa ngokuphumelelayo ngokuthi ukuthenga i-ergonomic okubizayo akunangqondo, kuyilapho inhlangano enkulu ingakho.

Izimfuneko Zomsebenzi Nokuba Umdala

Izindawo zokuhlala kumelwe zivumelaniswe nomuntu ngamunye. Uma isisebenzi singenazo izimfanelo eziyisisekelo zesikhundla esithile, akukho silinganiso sendawo yokuhlala esiyosenza sifaneleke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso zokukhula zinikezwa isisindo; ukuyeka isisebenzi esisencane ukuze sihlalise isisebenzi esisesigabeni esiphansi kungaba okungenangqondo ngaphandle kokuba isivumelwano esihlangeneyo sikuvumela. Nokho, abaqashi kufanele bacabangele ukuthi isimiso esiphezulu singayekwa noma singaguqulwa ngemvume yomunye.

Inqubo Yokungenela Nemikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yabaqashi

Kokubili i-ADA kanye nemithetho eminingi yobandlululo lombuso ifuna abaqashi bangene enqubweni yokwenza ubudlelwane [nezisebenzi ezicela indawo yokuhlala. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuxhumana phakathi komqashi nezisebenzi ukuze kubonwe imingcele eqondile nezindawo zokulala ezingatholakala. Izicelo zobudala ezisekelwe ngaphansi kwe-ADEA, nakuba zingagunyazwanga umthetho kahulumeni, izinkantolo zivame ukubheka kahle kubaqashi abazama ukuthola izixazululo ezinhle. Ukungasinaki isicelo noma ukumisa umthetho wekhomyunithi ngaphandle kokucabangela izidingo zomuntu ngamunye kungaholela ekubekeni icala.

Izinyathelo Zokuxhumana Okuphumelelayo

  1. [ Yamukela isicelo ngokushesha. Ngisho nesicelo sethukuthulu sibangela ukuba ungene.
  2. Ukwaziswa okuhlobene. Cela isisebenzi ukuba sichaze umngcele nezindawo zokulala. Izincwadi zezokwelapha zingacelwa uma ulinganiselwa kuhlangene nesimo sempilo, kodwa qaphela ukuba ungadingi okungaphezu kwalokho okudingekile.
  3. [ Izinketho eziningi. Ukubhekana nobuchopho nesisebenzi futhi, uma kudingeka, xhumana nabaphathi, ochwepheshe bezempilo, noma i-Accommodation Network (JAN) ukuze uthole usizo lobuchwepheshe olukhululekile.
  4. hlela indawo yokuhlala. Izibalo ukuthi indawo yokuhlala ehlongozwayo iyasebenza yini futhi ayiphoqeleli ubunzima obungadingekile.
  5. [[INDAWO: 0] Igcwalisa indawo yokuhlala ekhethiwe. Kwenziwa indawo yokuhlala ngendlela efike ngesikhathi futhi uqaphele ukusebenza kwayo. Lungisa uma kudingekile.
  6. Uxwebhu yonke into. Ugcina amarekhodi wesicelo, ingxoxo ehambisanayo, nesinqumo sokugcina. Le mibhalo iyagxeka uma isinqumo somqashi kamuva sibekelwe inselele.

Izihibe Ezivamile Okumelwe Zigwenywe

  • [ Ukufihla ukuthi izisebenzi esezikhulile azidingi indawo yokuhlala [ – izinguquko ezihlobene nenkathi kuvamile, futhi izithembiso ezisheshayo zendawo yokuhlala zingathuthukisa ukugcinwa nokuziphethe.
  • Ukucela ukwaziswa okudlulele kwezokwelapha - kuphela ibhukwana elifunayo elithinta indawo yokuhlala.
  • Ulibazisa inqubo – ukulibala okungadingekile kungachazwa njengokholo olubi noma ukuphika okwakhayo.
  • Ukuthunga “ikhambi lokufakelwa okukodwa" [ - Osebenza kwesinye isisebenzi kungase kungasebenzeli esinye esineminyaka elinganayo 76 ehlobene.
  • [ Ukusola izisebenzi ezicela indawo yokuhlala [ – Ukuzisholo kuvamile futhi ngokuvamile kuyaphumelela ngisho nalapho indawo yokuhlala ihluleka.

Izingcindezi Kwabaqashi Nabaqashi

Ukuqonda incazelo nobukhulu obufanele bendawo yokuhlala ezindabeni zokucwasa kwabantu abakhulile kubalulekile kubo bobabili abashadi. Abaqashi kufanele bawazi amalungelo abo futhi bakhulumisane ngokuphumelelayo nezidingo zabo, kuyilapho abaqashi kumelwe balinganisele phakathi kokusekela izisebenzi ezigugile nokuzigcina zisebenza kahle.

Abaqashi

Uma uyisisebenzi esesikhulile esibhekene nobunzima ngenxa yezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala 76, unelungelo lokucela indawo yokuhlala. Kuyatuseka:

  • Bhala ukulinganiselwa okuqondile nendlela okuthinta ngayo ukusebenza kwakho.
  • Cela indawo yokuhlala enengqondo okholelwa ukuthi izosiza.
  • Nikeza noma yikuphi ukusekela kwemininingwane yezokwelapha uma ukunciphisa kuhlobene nempilo, kodwa kuphela uma uceliwe.
  • Khulumani nibhale phansi ukuze nibhale phansi.
  • Xhumana ne - EEOC noma inxusa lezwe lakho elifuna umsebenzi uma umqashi enqaba ukungenela noma ukuphika isicelo esinengqondo.

Khumbula ukuthi akuyona into ethandwayo indawo yokuhlala. Isicelo sesikhathi esithile sekhefu noma indawo ethile yedeski lingase lingathathwa njengendawo yokuhlala engokomthetho ngaphandle kokuba ibhekisele ngokuqondile ekulinganiseni kweminyaka ehlobene. Indawo yokuhlala kumelwe idingeke. Nokho, uma umqashi enomlando wokuhlalisa izisebenzi esezincane ngezizathu ezifanayo, ukunqaba isicelo sesisebenzi esidala kungaba ubufakazi bokucwasana kobudala.

Abaqashi

Abaqashi abaqonda futhi basebenzise izindawo zokulala ezifanele banganciphisa isikhathi sokuhamba, bagweme ukuqasha, futhi bakhe imisebenzi engcono kakhulu. Imikhuba emihle kakhulu ihlanganisa:

  • Abaphathi abaqeqeshayo nezisebenzi ze - HR ezimfuno zikahulumeni ne - ADEA.
  • Ukusungula isimiso sokuhlala esibhaliwe esihlanganisa izicelo ezihlobene neminyaka engu - 76, hhayi nje izicelo zokukhubazeka.
  • Inikeza izisebenzi inqubo ecacile nefinyelelekayo yokucela indawo yokuhlala.
  • Ukucabangela izindawo zokulala ngisho nalapho engaceli ngokuqondile isisebenzi; ngezinye izikhathi umphathi ubona ukwehla komsebenzi ongancishiswa ukulungisa okulula.
  • Ukubukeza izincazelo zemisebenzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe imisebenzi ebalulekile kushiwo ngokunembile, ngoba lokhu kunquma ukuthi iyiphi indawo yokuhlala engenzeka.
  • Ukubheka iseluleko somthetho ngaphambi kokwenqaba isicelo, ikakhulukazi uma isisebenzi sinikeze izincwadi zokwelapha noma uma isicelo singesihle.

Ukuhluleka ukunikeza indawo yokuhlala efanelekile kungabeka abaqashi esikweletini hhayi nje kuphela ekulahlweni kwendawo yokuhlala kodwa futhi nasekuphunyulweni okwakhayo — ngokwesibonelo, uma isisebenzi esikhulile siyeka ngenxa yokuthi umqashi wenqaba ukunikeza indawo elula yokuhlala ebengayivumela ukuba iqhubeke isebenza. Izindlela zokwelapha zingahlanganisa ukukhokhela, iholo elingaphambili, ukulimala kokubulala, izindleko zabameli. Uma kuphucwa ngamabomu, umonakalo osulinganiswe nomholo ongase ukhokhelwe.

Intuthuko Yamuva Nezindaba Eziqhubekayo

Ukuma kwezindawo zokukhetha ontanga nendawo yokuhlala ezifanele kuyaxazulula. Enye indaba evelayo ukuphakama komsebenzi oqhelile namalungiselelo avumelanayo njengendawo yokuhlala izisebenzi ezikhulile, ikakhulukazi lapho kulandela umqedazwe we-COVOVID . Abaqashi abaningi baye bathola ukuthi umsebenzi owenye indawo ungenzeka ngezindima ezithile, futhi izisebenzi ezindala zingazuza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka okubangelwa ukucindezeleka, ukuthambeka okukhulu, nokuchayeka kakhulu ezifweni zasemsebenzini. I-EOC ibonise ukuthi umsebenzi owedwa ungaba indawo yokuhlala enengqondo uma ungabangela ubunzima obungadingekile. Abaqashi kufanele baphathele izicelo zomsebenzi ezikude ngezicelo ezingathi sína ezifana nezikhubazekayo ze-crea.

Enye indawo esathuthuka ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okuzenzela kanye nokusebenza kwesinqumo sokwenziwa (66 amathuluzi okuqasha nokuhlola umsebenzi. Lamathuluzi angase akhethe izisebenzi esezikhulile ngokungaqondi ngokuncika ekwazisweni ukuthi ijezi elihlanganisa iminyaka 88 lisebenza ngokukhipha isijeziso esihlobene (umz., ubude, iholo, izindlela zokuxhumana ezihlukene). Uma umqashi esebenzisa amathuluzi anjalo futhi enqaba ukuhlalisa izisebenzi ezindala ngokulungisa inqubo yokuhlola, kungalula ukuba zincintisa izimpawu zokucwasa. Abaqashi kufanele bahlole ubuchwepheshe bazo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi akuyilethi onakalisa, futhi bacabangele izindawo zokuhlala njengempindaniso yezandla noma ukuhlola okwenziwa abantu abadala abacela umsebenzi noma izisebenzi.

Okokugcina, izinkantolo ziyaqhubeka zicwengisisa imingcele ye “izinkinga ezingafaneleki" ezicabeni zobudala. Ezinye izinkantolo zesifunda ziye zasebenzisa indinganiso ephakeme kubaqashi uma indawo yokuhlala ehlongozwayo ingabizi kakhulu futhi isisebenzi sinomlando oqinile wokusebenza. INkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S. ayikabuyi ngokomthetho ngenxa yobunzima obungadingekile ngaphansi kwe-ADEA, ishiya ukungaqiniseki okuthile. Abaqashi kufanele baphambuke ohlangothini lwendawo yokuhlala uma izindleko ziphansi futhi inzuzo yezisebenzi ziphezulu.

Isiphetho

Indawo yokuhlala elinganiselwe ezicabeni zokucwasa abantu abadala ingumqondo ocacile owengeziwe ngaphandle kwezincazelo ezingokomthetho. Ibonisa isibopho somphakathi sokuvumela izisebenzi esezikhulile ukuba zihlale zikhuthele futhi zisebenza ngokunenzuzo emsebenzini, uma nje indawo yokuhlala ingababeki umthwalo ongafanele kubaqashi. Uma uyisisebenzi esifuna ukuqhubeka sisebenza esikhathini esingaphezu kwengu-65 noma umqashi ozama ukwakha iqembu elinamaqoqo amaningi, ukuqonda ukuthi yini eyenza indawo yokuhlala elinganiselwe ibucayi. Inqubo ehambisana nenqubo efanelekile yokuxhumana ngokuvumelana nezinkolelo, nokuzimisela ukusungula izixazulu zokwakha iyakunciphisa izingozi ezingokomthetho futhi kuthuthukise umsebenzi omuhle. Njengoba iminyaka yobudala nokuhlala isikhathi nobude besikhathi, incazelo enengqondo yendawo yokuhlala iyaqhubeka ikhona, kodwa injongo yayo eyisisekelo ihlala ihleli ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi iminyaka elinganayo ayisona isithiyo.