Ngaphesheya kwe-United States, ohulumeni bezwe baye bavela njengemishini egxeka ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-active nethuba lemiphakathi encinyane. Nakuba izimiso zikahulumeni zihlela izinhlelo ezibanzi, ngokuvamile kusesilinganisweni sikahulumeni lapho izinhlelo zokuhlongozwa zisingatha khona ngokuqondile ukuhlukana okungokomlando, kuthuthukisa ukutholakala kwemithombo ebalulekile, futhi kuveze ukukhula okukodwa kwezomnotho. Kusukela eCalifornia ukutshala izimali ngesibindi ezingokohlanga ngokulingana nethuba eliphansi ukuya emabhizinisini amancane abekwe phansi, lezi zithatha isinyathelo esibonisa ukuqaphela okukhula ukuthi ushintsho olubalulekile ludinga ukugcinwa, lesi sihloko sihlola izinhloso eziyinhloko ezingemva kwale zwe, siqokomisa izinhlelo eziphawulekayo, izinselele eziphikelelayo, futhi sicabangela amathuba athatha ngisho namathuba amakhulu okulawula ithonya.

Izisusa Eziyinhloko Zombuso

Izindlela zikahulumeni zemiphakathi embalwa futhi engekho kakhulu ngokuvamile ziphishekela imigomo emithathu ehlangene: ukwandisa amathuba emfundo nomsebenzi, ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yempilo, nokuqinisa amandla ezomnotho. Lemigomo ayinciphisi; iqinisana. Ngokwesibonelo, amathuba emfundo angcono aholela emisebenzini engcono ekhokhelwayo e-R36, okuthi kamuva ithuthukise impilo nokuzinziswa kwemali. Izinhlelo zikahulumeni zivame ukusebenzisa indlela yokufuna ukuzuza ecabangela imiphumela ehlanganisayo yemingcele yezimiso zezwe eziqeqeshiwe ezindaweni eziningi.

Imfundo nentuthuko yomsebenzi isalokhu inezisekelo eziyinhloko. Izigodi eziningi zisekela izinhlelo zokufundisa, ukuqasha, nokuqeqeshelwa imisebenzi okuhlasela ngokukhethekile amaBlack, ama-Inoland, i-Latino, namanye amaqembu ahlukene ngokwezesayensi. Lemizamo ihlose ukuvala izikhala ezingapheli emazingeni okuthweswa iziqu zasesikoleni esiphakeme, ukuqashwa kwezemfundo yasekholiji, nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi. Amamaki empilo alinganiselwe, okwamanje, agxila ekunciphiseni ukuhlukana kwezifo ezimahlala njalo, ukufa kwamama, nokufinyelela ukunakekelwa kwemiphakathi okungandile kuye kwabhekana nemithwalo emisha emisha emisha. Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa intuthuko kwezomnotho, kuhlanganise nezokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi, imvume, isiza izinga lokudlala izikhulu ezivamile ezingekho ezikoleni ezinhlanganweni izinkampaninikazini eziphambili nezinhlangothini eziphambili.

Izibonelo Zezinhlelo ZoMbuso

Imibuso eminingi isisungule izinhlelo ezintsha kakade ezikhiqiza imiphumela ephawulekayo. Izibonelo ezilandelayo zibonisa izindlela ezithathwayo zokusiza imiphakathi eyingcosana nengahlali ndawo.

Ukuhweba Ngezinhlanga ECalifornia

ICalifornia izimise ngokwayo njengomholi wesizwe ekuxhaseni kwezinhlanga ezihlukene. ICalifornia Black Free Fund [i-CFF], ukuthatha isinyathelo esingu-R100 000 [R550], inikeza izinhlangano ezisebenza ekususeni ubandlululo lwezinhlanga ezindaweni ezinjengendlu, imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo. I-CFF isungulwe ngo-201, izinhlangano ze-BFP eziholwa yi-Black Californians kanye nalabo abakhonza imiphakathi ecekelwe i-pace. Ngaphandle kokuxhasa kwemisebe yezwe, uhlelo lwezemfundo ye-669 ukusekela ukugcinwa kobukhomba okude. ICalifornia ibuye isungule iHhovisi ye-Ontaneti ye-Eyccorientrea, ehlanganisa ukuhlola izinhlangano zezinhlangano ze-Ey edbhedmigrome.

Isimiso Sokungenela Kwebhizinisi SaseNew York Encane Nabesifazane ←

Uhlelo lwe-New York State i-Monority neWomen .[FLT] I-Business i-enpectrise (MWBE) ingenye yemizamo ebanzi kakhulu yezwe yokusekela osomabhizinisi abahlukahlukene. I-New York, uhlelo luhlanganisa amabhizinisi ayizi-51% abene, asebenza, futhi alawulwa amalungu amancane noma abesifazane. Ibhizinisi eliqinile lithola ithuba lokuthola amathuba, izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe, usizo lwemisebenzi, nezenzakalo zezokuxhumana nabantu. Izwe libeka imigomo yaminyaka yonke yezivumelwano zaminyaka yonke ye-MWES(34) ehambisana nale zinhlangano ezihlanganisa zonke izinhlangano. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-New York i-New York ithole ithuba lokuthola izivumelwano, ukukhokhamfa yosizo lwezentengo yobuchwepheshe, kanye nezokukhokha i-MWBECROV, ezihambisana nalethwayohlo ezikhona phakathi nale zomnotho.

Izinyathelo Ezilandelayo Zempilo Engakhethi ZaseTexas

I-Texas isungule izinhlelo ezihloselwe ukunciphisa izikhala zempilo ehlanekezelwe phakathi kwenani labantu abahlukahlukene. I-Texas Health and Human Services Commission (HHSC]) iphethe iHofisi yeHeal Health Equity egxile ekunciphiseni izikhala zezempilo zobuhlanga nezezinhlanga. Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa uhlelo lwe-Community Health Services, oluqeqesha izisebenzi zendawo ukuxhumanisa imiphakathi egciniwe ekhuselwe ngokuvimbela ukunqandwa, kanye ne-Maternal Health and Safety Itificiety, okuhlosa ukunciphisa izinga eliphakeme lokufa kukazwe lobumama phakathi kobuMnyama. I-Chexana futhi asebenza nezinhlangano emphakathini ohloselwe ukunweba ukuze kwandile ukunakekelwa kwempilo, izinhlelo zempilo ezingokwempilo emaphandleni nasemaphandleni asemaphandleni asemaphandleni aphansi.

Ithuba Lezomnotho Nentuthuko Yomsebenzi E - Illinois

I-Illinois isebenzise kakhulu izinhlelo zezomnotho nezezisebenzi emiphakathini embalwa. I-Illinois Works Presaga Apprenticed Program[ inikeza ukuqeqeshwa nolwazi lomsebenzi olukhokhelwa amaqembu azimeleyo emisebenzi yokwakha. Izinhlelo ezisebenza namakholiji omphakathi, izinyunyana, izinyunyana, kanye nezinhlangano zokulungisa izakhiwo zemisebenzi emiphakathini ehlukene. Le mizamo iyingxenye yezinhlelo zobuhlanga ezihlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi emide ye-677. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Illinoni yamisa i-Community Reinvestment Fundment, leyo imithombo yezemisebenzi yezentengiselwano, izimali ezincane zezebhizinisi, nezindawo ezithelekayo ezingokwesayensi yokuguqula izinhlanga ezingokobuzwe ngokobuhlanga.

Ubumpofu BaseMichigan Namandla Omsebenzi Alinganayo

Indlela yokusebenza kaMichigan ihlanganisa i-data àveriven system ne-social communi. I-Michigan Poverty and Equity Task Force, eyakhiwa nguMbusi Gretchen Whitmer ngo-2019, ihlanganisa abaholi bezinhlangano zikahulumeni, abameleli benzuzo, nezakhamuzi eziphila ngobumpofu. Impoqo yomsebenzi ikhipha imibiko yaminyaka yonke yokuthi izimpawu zokulandelela iholo, ukulingana kwemali, ukukhokha, nokungalondeki kokudla kwamaqembu ezinhlanga namaqembu ezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu kwatholwa, iMichigan iye yasungula ukuthelisa izimali zezekelo, kuhlanganise nezinhlelo zezindiza zezingane ezingaphansi kwe-24infillssss neHhovisi entsha yeze-Community of Commorence nes Monationsspointerces ezisiza amabhizinisi okushintsha amabhizinisi ezisebenzi ezinkomeni ezingunda emibala emibala emibala.

Ezinye Izindawo Ongagxila Kuzo

Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo eziphambili, izinhlelo zikahulumeni zihlanganisa izindawo eziningi.

Imfundo Ukulingana

Amazwe aye athatha izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuvala izikhala zempumelelo yemfundo. ICollege Bound Scholarship yaseWashington inikeza abafundi abafanelekayo abathola imali abanezinzuzo eziphansi ngesithembiso sosizo lwezezimali uma behlangana namabhentshi athile emfundo, futhi ingxenye eyandayo yabamukeli ivela ezizinzeni ezimbalwa. I-Maryland’s Blueprint yeSiza Esizayo saseMaryland yanda kakhulu ngekhulu lezeSizawo sezimali zezifunda eziphezulu ze-"%overtyty, yandisa izinhlelo ze-prebindergarten zokuthola abafundisi bemibala. i-Massachusetts igijima i-Bridge inikeza izinhlelo zempumelelo, i-empereastry, uprish, umqondisi wemfundo, kanye nokusekela ulwazi ngokukhethekile kubafundi abamnyama nabase-Latin. Izigodlo Eziningi ziye zanciphisa noma zinciphisa ukufinyelela kokuhlolwa kwe-66666, futhi zinciphisa izinhlelo ze-mikhalomu yosizo eziphambili ze-ephathi eziwusizo.

Amandla Ezomnotho Nokusekela Kwebhizinisi

Intuthuko yezebhizinisi elincane iyaqhubeka iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kohlelo lwe-MWBE yaseNew York, luhlanganisa iGeorgia, iOhio, nePennsylvania nezinhlelo ezifanayo zokuqinisekisa kanye nezisiza. Abaningi manje bafaka iziqinisekiso zokusekelana kwezebhizinisi ezincane ngamahhovisi ezindaba ezimbalwa. ICalifornia ne-Illinois baye basungula “ukungawasebenzisi amasheshi ” abonisa ukuthandwa kweminyango yemisebenzi ebhalwe ngezindlela eziqinile zemibhalo ehlukahlukene. Amanye amazwe, kuhlanganise ne-Coloradorado ne New Mexico, azama ukusekela abashayeli bemali eyisisekelo abahlasela imikhaya engenisa imali ephansi futhi baye baboniswa ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwemikhaya emincane. Abanye bafaka imali ezinkonzweni yokuzini yokuzisebenzela njengendlela yokwakha ingcebo yezizukulwane emiphakathi yemibala yemibala.

Ukuba Yimpilo NoWell 16)

Izindlela zokuhlola impilo zandisa kakhulu kunaleyo yokunakekela okungokwesiko. Izwe lisekela ukuncishiswa kwezempilo zomphakathi, imitholampilo ehambayo, kanye nolimi. Izinkonzo ze-Oregon's Adved Care Organizations (CCOS) zahlanganisa izinkonzo zomzimba, ukuziphatha, nempilo yamazinyo kuMedicaid, zigxile ekunciphiseni ukuhlukana kwezinhlanga. I-Hawaii “Hawaii" ithatha isinyathelo sokuvimbela impilo yabantu esebenzelayo ekukhulumeni izindlu, ukulondeka, ukulondeka, nemisebenzi njengezici zempilo. Izimo eziningi ziye zasungula futhi ukubukeza ukubulala umama okuhlola ngokuqondile okuhlukanisayo nokutusa izinguquko ezingokomthetho. Ukuqeqesha okungalinganiyo kwe-Medicaid, ukuqoqwa kweminyango, ukuqoqwa kweminde yezinhlanga nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlanga ngezinhlanga.

Intuthuko Yezindlu Nezenhlalo

Indlu isendaweni ebucayi lapho isenzo sikahulumeni singanciphisa khona ukulahlekelwa kwemizi isikhathi eside. Washington, D.C., futhi izifundazwe eziningana ziye zamisa isivikelo samalungelo abaqashi esisiza ekuvimbeleni ukushenxiswa kwezakhamuzi ezimbalwa. I-Fair Howare and Community Development Department Department Department yase California i-unitscated i-project enikeza usizo olungu-669 nosizo olungokomthetho emikhayeni esengozini yokulahlekelwa amakhaya ayo. Amassachusetts kanye ne-New Jersey ziye zafaka izimali zezindawo zomphakathi ezithengwayo, ezigcina indawo yokuhlala intengo elinganiselwe futhi yakha umphakathi. I-American Relex Plants Act (ARPA) yakhuthaza amazwe amaningi ukuba afake izingcingo zemali emtholazweni wokukhokhela imali, izinhlelo zokukhokhela, izinhlelo zokuvimbela indlu, kanye nezinkonzo zokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kwemizi, inzuzo enkulu kakhulu yezindawo zomphakathi ezise-Blaldansi.

Ubulungisa Bobugebengu Buyashintsha

Umzabalazo wokwahlulela ngokwezinhlanga uye washukumisela amazwe amaningana ukuba alungise izimiso zawo zobulungisa bobugebengu. I-Illinois yaba yizwe lokuqala ukuqeda ibheyili yemali, umkhuba oye wabangela ubumpofu obunobugebengu obungalingani nokuphathwa ngokungemthetho kwabaMnyama namaHispanic. I-Oregon, iColorado, ne Nevada yasungula izinhlelo zokususa insangu ezisusa izithiyo emsebenzini kanye nendawo yokuhlala yabantu abanemithetho ephansi ye-crive cannabis. Imibuso eminingi iye yasungula futhi yasungula amabhodi aqondisa ukuziphatha kwamaphoyisa, futhi yafaka i-parton ye-parton syrn membnawn, futhi yafaka amaqembu empikweni yempilo njengenye yokungenela kwamaphoyisa ezimweni ezingezona ezinobudlova. Lenguquko inhloso yokunciphisa ukugcinwa kwabantu abanomthetho futhi yakha ukwethelelwa phakathi kwemithetho kanye nemiphakathi kwezindawo zomthetho.

Izinselele Namathuba

Ukuqonda lezi zinselele kubalulekile ekuklameni izinhlelo eziphumelela kakhudlwana.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwemali Nentando Yezombangazwe

Izimiso zokuhlela zomnotho zizwelana nemijikelezo yezomnotho, futhi izinhlelo zokulinganisela ngokuvamile zixhomeke enkokhelweni esele noma ezinkokhelweni zikahulumeni. Phakathi nokuwa, lezinhlelo zingancishiswa ngisho nalapho kunesidingo esikhulu. Isibopho esiqinile sezombangazwe siyadingeka ukuze kulondolozwe imifula exhasayo; izinguquko ekuqondiseni noma ekuhleleni imithetho zingaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwezinhlelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zikahulumeni futhi kusho ukuthi izakhamuzi zombuso othile zingathola ukusekelwa okuhlukile kunezakhamuzi zomunye, ukuqhubekela phambili kwezindawo.

Izithiyo Ezingokwesimiso Semvelo Nezithiyo Eziyifa

Izimiso ezibekwe phansi − njengezindawo zokuthengisa izindlu ezicwasana, izimakethe zezisebenzi ezinezinga eliphezulu, nezimiso zemfundo ezihlala zihlukaniswe kakhulu − azinakushintshwa ngokushesha yizinhlelo ezizodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lwemfundo lungandisa ukutholakala kwekholiji, kodwa uma abafundi abanemibala ehlukahlukene besabhekene nokungalondeki kwezindlu, izingwadule zokudla, nokuntula ukusekelwa kwemfundo, izikhawu ezingase zinciphe kakhulu. Ukufakelwa kwezinhlelo kungavela futhi uma izinhlelo zingakhulunyelwa ngokwanele emiphakathini abazimisele ukuyisebenzisa. Uma imikhaya efanelekayo ingazi ngekhono lezezebhizinisi, ukuhlanganyela kwezentethelelo kulinganiselwe. Umthetho ukunciphisa ukufinyelela imingcele, ukukhokha, nokuthembana nakho kudinga ukuvalwa kwalezi zigebhuculo.

Amathuba Okukhangisa Nokulungisa

Naphezu kwezinselele, izigodlo zinamathuba aphawulekayo okusheshisa intuthuko. I-data àverniven ivumela abenzi bezimiso ukuba baphawule ukuhlukahluka kwezimiso nendawo edinga kakhulu. Izifundazwe eziningi manje zisebenzisa amabhodi e-screcty ahlukene ukuze zilandele imiphumela ezindaweni ezikhona ngesikhathi sangempela. I-Crossügrate compactivetion(ukubambisana okungokokuthi, umsebenzi we-National Guvergards Association ekusebenziseni i-ectivey Equcy Institute (ingxenye ye-eyences) engcono kakhulu futhi zigwema ukuhlanganisa isondo elingcono. Izobuchwepheshe futhi zingadlala indima: i-ilayini ye-internetcondal ezuzisa izicelo, i-markspace cong forfore perforeant (e) ye-mediomforeasts processss provices ezisiza wonke amasunt afuna kakhulu abo banjalo.

Izinqubo ezintsha zezimali, njengezibopho zomphakathi kanye nezisebenzi ezikhokhela inzuzo, zingakhanga inhloko - dolobha yezinhlelo ze-equity kuyilapho zihlela izisusa nemiphumela ekhona. Ngokufanayo, ukubambisana nezinhlangano ezisekelwe emphakathini, amaqembu okholo, namabhizinisi endawo kungandisa ukufinyelela nokuthembeka kwemizamo kahulumeni. Mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, kuhilela ngentshiseko amalungu ezakhamuzi ezimbalwa nangaphansi kwezimiso zomklamo, ukuklama, nokuhlola lezinhlelo kuqinisekisa ukuthi zibalulekile futhi ziyasabela ezidingweni ezingokoqobo.

Indlela Engaphambili: Ukuqinisa Izibopho Nomphumela Ojulile

Iminyango yoMbuso isiye yenza intuthuko enengqondo ekusekeleni imiphakathi eyingcosana futhi engayimeleli kakhulu, kodwa ayikho indawo yokunganaki. Imizamo ephumelela kakhulu yileyo exhaswe ngokugcwele, eqashelwa njalo, futhi elokhu ihlelwa ngokusekelwe ekunikezeleni nakukwaziswa. Ukuqhubekela phambili, izifundazwe kufanele zicabangele ukulinganisela kuzo zonke izinqumo ezinkulu zezimiso, hhayi nje kuphela ezimisweni eziqinile. Lokhu “ukulinganisela okusemthethweni” kusondela kulokhu kuhlolwe iCalifornia neWashington (*) izicelo ezilinganiswa nohlelo lwemali, inguquko ehlelekayo, kanye nezinkonzo eziqondile zonke zicabangela imiphumela engathandeki.

Esinye isinyathelo esibalulekile ukwakha inqubo yokuziphendulela ezindaweni ezinde. Amaqumrhu azimele, imibiko yaminyaka yonke ye-equation, kanye nemikhandlu eqondisa umphakathi kungagcina izinhlangano zikahulumeni zisendleleni futhi zisabela. Izwe futhi kufanele lifake imali ekwakheni izinhlangano zotshani ezivame ukuphakamisa kakhulu ezindaweni ezigciniwe kodwa zingabi namali eqinile. Izinkomfa zomphakathi ziyohlala zibalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, igagagasi elilandelayo lesisekelo sesisekelo sesisekelo sesisekelo sezwe kanye nokutshala imo yezulu, kufanele lihlanganiswe nezimfuneko zikahulumeni eziqinisekisa imisebenzi nezinzuzo ezikhona ezingeni eliphezulu ezinikezwayo ezindaweni ezikhona ezindaweni ezikhona.

Ekugcineni, ukuphumelela kweminyango kahulumeni yokusekela idlanzana eliphansi kuxhomeke ekubophekeni okuqinile, okuphelele kukahulumeni. Uma amazwe ehlanganisa izinhloso ezicacile, izinhlelo ezisekelwe, imithombo eyanele, kanye nobudlelwane obuqotho bomphakathi, kungakha ikusasa elilinganayo.