UKUNGATHENGI KWESIGUBO SASAHLOBO sombuso omelelwe abameleli, kodwa izigidi zabantu abafanelekayo zihlala emaceleni. Kusukela emihlanganweni kamasipala kuya kukhetho lukahulumeni, igebe phakathi kokuthembisana nokuhileleka ngokoqobo liyaqhubeka phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Ukubona izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuchitha imingcele − futhi ukusebenzisa izixazululo ezihloselwe ukulwa kwentando yeningi ezibonisa ngempela intando yazo zonke izakhamuzi. Lesi sihloko sihlola izithiyo ezivame kakhulu ekuhilelekeni kwezezenyusela futhi sidwebe namasu asekelwe ekwakheni izinhlangano ezingazamukela ukususa lezo mingcele.

Ukuchaza Ukuhlanganyela Komsebenzi Emphakathini Wanamuhla

UKUNGATHEMBI kwe-CBIC kuhlanganisa nokuthatha i-collet. Kuhlanganisa nokuya enkantolo yomphakathi, ukusebenza emabhodini okuqulwa komphakathi, ukuzinikela ekuhlanganeni nomphakathi, ukuxhumana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe, ukuhlanganyela ekubhikisheni noma ekumasha, nokuhlanganyela kuma-inthanethi e-inthanethi ye-operal ngezimiso zendawo. Kuyi-demokrati enempilo, izakhamuzi azimane nje zisebenzise izinqumo ezenziwa abanye. Nokho, imisebenzi ethathwa njenge "cbic" ikhule enkathini yobuchwepheshe, yenza kube lula futhi kube lula kakhulu ngabantu ukuthola i-popublic.

Ukucwaninga kwePew Research Center kubonisa ukuthi nakuba umvoti e-U.S. ethatha indawo kukhetho olungumongameli ecishe ibe ngu-60-66%, ezinye izindlela zokuhlanganyela − njengokuya emhlanganweni kahulumeni wendawo noma ukuxhumana nommeleli — kuhlala kuphansi kakhulu, ngokuvamile kungaphansi kwamashumi amabili% emaqenjini amaningi angaphansi. Lokhu kuqokomisa ukuthi ukwaziswa okukhishwayo kukodwa kufihla izinselele ezijulile. Ukufakwa kwangempela kusho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki isizinda, anganikela ezinqumi izinqumo ezithinta ukuphila kwakhe kwansuku zonke.

Izithiyo Ezivamile Zokuhlanganyela

Izithiyo zokuthembisana uhulumeni azivamile ukuba yisiko; ngokuvamile zihlanganisa, zidala ukudideka okuhlanganisayo.

Ukungaqapheli

Izakhamuzi eziningi azikwazi ukuthi ukuthatha iqhaza kuhilelani noma ukuthi kungani kubalulekile. Ukuhlola kwaseMelika Bar Association kwathola ukuthi bangaphansi koyedwa kubantu abadala abathathu abangaqamba wonke amagatsha amathathu kahulumeni wase-U.S. leligebe lolwazi likhona phakathi kwamaqenjana amadala, nakuba likhulu kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abadala okungenzeka ukuthi abatholanga imfundo eqinile esikoleni. Ngaphandle kolwazi olungokomthetho, abantu abaningi abakwazi lapho noma [[FLT]] ukuhlanganyela. Bangase bangaqapheli imfundo yokhetho oluqhubekayo, ukuphawula inkathi yokuzithandela, noma amathuba okuzithandela ezindaweni zabo siqu.

Izifundo zemfundo − njengezifundo zezemfundo zezemfundo yasemakholiji aphezulu ezihlanganisa imfundo ephambili, imitapo yezincwadi yomphakathi ephethe ukuvota, kanye nenzuzo "Funa i Vote" imikhankaso. (_kakhulu, i-Cbivips Education) ye-Arizona, efuna abafundi besikole esiphakeme badlulise ukuhlolwa kwesizwe ngaphambi kokuphothula, kuye kwahlolelwa ekwandiseni inani labavoti phakathi kwamanani aneminyaka engu-18 ubudala.

Ngenekile:

Ngisho noma kukhona ukuqapha, ukufinyelela ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa nokufike ngesikhathi ngemisebenzi yomphakathi kuseyisithiyo. Ukwehlukana kwezimiso kusho ukuthi amakhaya angenayo i-intanethi ebanzi ye-intanethi (i-intanethi) nezindawo zasemaphandleni (mis) kuwe - Internet, amahholo akhona kanye neziqondisi ze-electronic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amawebhusayithi kahulumeni avame ukuklanywa ngolimi oluyinkimbinkimbi noma oluqinile olusemthethweni oluhlukanisa abantu abavamile.

Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zihlanganisa ukunyathelisa izimemezelo ngezilimi eziningi, ukusebenzisa izifushaniso ezicacile, nokusakaza ukwaziswa ngemishini engaphandle kolayini enjengeziteshi zomphakathi zokwaziswa, umsakazo, nokufaka umnyango wendlu ngendlu. Idolobha le-"SA Speak Up" ngokwesibonelo, linikeza isikhungo esisodwa lapho izakhamuzi zingathola khona yonke imihlangano yomphakathi, zinikeza ukunikeza inkulumo ngemisebenzi yasedolobheni, futhi zisayine ngezaziso ngombhalo noma nge-imeyili.

Izici Zezenhlalo Nezomnotho

Imingcele yezomnotho idala isithiyo esinamandla sokuhlanganyela. Umuntu osebenza imisebenzi emibili ukuze ahlangabezane nezindleko angase angabi naso isikhathi esikhokhelwayo esidingekayo sokuvota noma sokuya emhlanganweni wedolobha emini. Abantu abaholayo abaphansi futhi abangase balahlekelwe imali encane ukuze banikele ngezizathu zezombangazwe, ukuvumelana nezimo zokuzithandela, noma imithombo yokuya ezidinga ukuthuthwa noma ukunakekelwa kwabantwana.

Ngokokuhlola okwakhishwa kuyi- yezesayensi yezombangazwe zaseMelika, umvoti phakathi kwengxenye engaphansi ye 20% yabavuni ucishe abe amaphesenti angu-30 amaphesenti ngaphansi kunaphakathi kwe 20%. Leligebe lokuhlanganyela liqinisa inqubo esekela abacebile, ukuqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo wokuhlukanisa. Izinyathelo ezithi zingenza iholide lomphakathi, linikeze ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kwezimpelasonto, futhi linikeze ukukhokha isilinganiso sebhodi lomphakathi sokudlala.

Izinkinga Zokuhamba

Ukukwazi ukufinyelela ngokoqobo ezindaweni zokuvota, amahholo edolobha, kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi kuseyindawo ebhadliwe yabaningi. Ucwaningo lwango-2021 oluvela eMassachusetts Institute of Technology lwathola ukuthi isikhathi sokuya endaweni yokuvota siyisibonakaliso esiphawulekayo somvoti, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni lapho amabanga aphakeme khona. Kubantu abakhubazekile, izimiso zomphakathi ezingalindelekile noma ukuntula inselele yokupaka izimoto.

Amakhambi ahlanganisa ama-populting covota, izindawo zokuvota ezikhungweni zokuthutha zomphakathi, kanye nokubambisana ngezinkonzo zokuhamba. E- Harris County, eTexas, uhlelo lomshayeli wanikeza izithuthi zamahhala zokuhlola izindawo ngoSuku lwe-Ecotion 2022, okuphumela ekuthatheni i-accepting ehambayo ezindaweni ezisendaweni ezinokuhlanganyela okuphansi kweze mlando.

Izithiyo Zempucuko

Ulimi, isimilo, nokungathembani okungokomlando kungahlukanisa imiphakathi engazibonakali ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi. Abafuduki nabafundi abafunda isiNgisi bangalwa nezinto zokukhetha, izinqumo zomhlangano, noma ukulandisa okungahleliwe okulawula umphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphakathi enemibala − ikakhulukazi Black no Indiness . .Njengoba iveza ifa lokulahla ngokucindezela, ukuvota, ukuhlasela, nokusongela kobudlova. Lomlando uveza ukugxeka okuqondakalayo ngokuthi ukuhlanganyela kuyoholela ekushintsheni okunengqondo.

Umncintiswano wesiko udinga okungaphezu kokuhunyushwa. Ifuna ukuba izindikimba zomphakathi zifune amalungu amabhodi asemagunyeni angaphansi kwezindawo ezikhona, ziqhube imihlangano ezindaweni zomphakathi njengamasonto noma izikhungo zempucuko, futhi zithathe izindlela zokuqamba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi wonke amazwi azwakala. Idolobha laseSeattle’s "Race and Social Justice Initivection" liqeqeshelwe ukuqeqeshwa ngokuqhubekayo kuyo yonke iminyango kahulumeni, okuphumela ekubeni kube khona kakhulu izikhulumi zamaphephandaba abangakhuluma isiNgisi.

Ukucwasa

Ubandlululo lwesimiso lubonakala emithethweni ewahlela ngokulinganayo amaqembu ancishisiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, imithetho ye-Voter ID, iboniswe inciphisa ukuvuleka phakathi kwedlanzana nabavoti abambalwa nabathola imali encane abangatholakali kakhulu ukuba nezindlela ezithandwayo zokuhlukanisa. Ngokufanayo, ukuhlukanisa imithetho ye-felony diffrankching kugcina ngokungenasiphelo izigidi zamaMelika [1] Amadoda amaBlack [1] ekuvoteni. Kwezinye izizwe, abantu ababeboshwe ngaphambili babhekene nezinqubo zokubuyisela izinto ezinzima ezivimbela ukuphindela ekuphileni komphakathi.

Izinhlangano zezempatho ze-aclu ne-Brennan Center yeJaji zisebenza ukubekela imithetho yokuhlukanisa i-discrinication ngokufaka i-ligitation kanye nokulawula umthetho. Emphakathini, "Izinyathelo zokumisa i-Box" nokususa izimfuneko ze-ID kamasipala zingabonisa ukuthi izinhlangano zizimisele kakhulu ngokufakwa. Ukuveza izindawo ezilondekile − njengezingamele zokulungisa lapho ngaphambili abantu babeboshwe khona zingatusa khona imithetho yezwi, futhi zisiza ekuvuselweni kabusha kwethembana.

Isikhathi Esinzima

Ukuphila kwanamuhla kugcwele izingcindezi ezincintisanayo. Abazali abanezingane ezincane, abanakekeli bezihlobo esezikhulile, nezisebenzi ezinamahora angewona avamile ngokuvamile bathola ukuthi imihlangano yomphakathi iyawa ngezikhathi ezingenakuya kuzo.

Izinketho zokuhlanganyela ezivumelana nezimo ziyikhambi eliqondile. Amadolobha amaningi manje anikeza inani elifanayo labakhona emihlanganweni nge-Flar okanye amapulatifomu afanayo, neziqephu eziqoshiwe ezikhona ukuze zibukwe kamuva. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zasungula amathuluzi okufaka okungahambi ngezikhathi ezithile, njengamathuluzi okunikeza iziphakamiso kuwebhusayithi ewebhusayithi ahlala evulekile izinsuku noma amasonto ngaphambi kwesinqumo. U-Eugene, i-Oregorigen’s "Eugene" indawo yomnyango yenza izakhamuzi ukuba zinikeze ukuvumelana kokwaziswa ngezinguquko nganoma isiphi isikhathi, ngokusabela okungahlobana namapulani. Lendlela ihlonipha izimiso zabantu lapho kusabekwa amazwi abo.

Amasu Okunqoba Izithiyo

Ukungenela okungaqeda zonke izithiyo. Indlela ebanzi ihlanganisa imfundo, izakhiwo, nezimiso ezishintshile. Amasu angezansi athathwe ezimisweni eziphumelelayo e-United States nakwamanye amazwe.

Imfundo Nokungenela

Imfundo ephumelelayo yezakhamuzi iqala ngokushesha futhi iqhubeke phakathi namakhulu. Izikole kufanele zihlanganise ulwazi olunengqondo olunjengokhetho lokugcona, uhulumeni wabafundi onamandla angempela okwenza izinqumo, kanye nemisebenzi yokufunda inkonzo ehlangene nezindaba zendawo. Kubantu abadala, imitapo yezincwadi namakholeji omphakathi kungangenisa izitsha ezingezizo ezichaza indlela yokuhileleka emabhodini endawo, izinkulumo zomphakathi, nokuqonda izishayano zemali.

Kumele kuqashelwe. Imikhankaso yokungqongqoza enikeza ukwaziswa komuntu siqu ngezindawo zokuvota noma izikhathi zemihlangano iye yaboniswa ukuthuthukisa amaphuzu angamaphesenti angu-5-10. Ukuthumela imiyalezo nge-'s', lapho izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezivela kuwo lowomphakathi ukhuthaza ukuhlanganyela, futhi zidlula nabasebenzi abavamile abathunyelwa ngokulandelana. Izinhlangano ezinjenge iCbips zinikeza isikole nemidlalo eyenza ukuba izakhamuzi zihlanganyele kubafundi, kuyilapho Vote.org inikeza izikhumbuzo zokubhalisa nokuhlola indawo ye-locat ngokuthumela umyalezo.

Ukufinyelela okuthuthukisiwe kolwazi

Ohulumeni nezinhlangano zomphakathi kufanele bathathe indlela yokwaba i-"multichannel" yokwaziswa komphakathi. Lokhu kusho ukunikeza okuqukethwe hhayi kuphela kumawebhusayithi nasemithonjeni yezokuxhumana kodwa futhi nangezimemezelo ezinyathelisiwe, izimemezelo zomphakathi, kanye nokubambisana nezitolo zendawo noma ama-landromat. Izifushaniso zolimi oluphansi . Izihloko ezifushanisiwe zokufunda ngokwezinga lesi-8 lokufunda ngokwesilinganiso esivamile se-meters-s-acnomes @can yenza iziphakamiso nezincwadi ezisemthethweni zitholakale kakhulu.

Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zingafeza indima. Amathuluzi e-Google "Civic Information API" asiza abasebenzisi ukuba bathole indawo yabo yokuvota, babhalise, futhi babheke izilinganiso zokuvota. Uma ehlangene nemininingwane yendawo, lamathuluzi angaveza ukwaziswa okubaluleke kakhulu." Njenge "Izivoti zomkhandlu wedolobha lakho ekulungiseni ipaki okuhlongozwayo ngoLwesibili oluzayo/ngoLwesibili/ngo-subblet inscredition yakho manje"

Izisekelo zokusekela

Ukunikeza ukusekela okubonakalayo kususa izithiyo ezisebenzayo. Ukunakekela izingane phakathi nemihlangano, izikhombi zokuhamba, kanye nokudla kuncishiswa abathatha iholo eliphansi kwentengo yokuthembisana. Amanye amadolobha aye akha izinhlelo "amanxusa" akhokhela izakhamuzi ezivela ezindaweni ezingakholeki kakhulu ukuba zibe khona emihlanganweni futhi zibuye zibikele ontanga yazo. Lokhu kuvala abantu izikweletu ngesikhathi esakha umgebedulo wabaholi besikhathi esizayo.

Ngokwesibonelo, imibuthano ye-"Citizen University" ihlanganisa isiko lomphakathi elinendlela yokusekela okungokoqobo(ukunakekela abantwana, iziphuzo, kanye nabaqaphi abaqinisekisa ukuthi abasanda kufika bazizwa bemukelekile. Ukunikeza lezi zinkonzo izimpawu zokuthi izinhlangano zihlanganyela ngokwaneleyo.

Ukuqeqeshwa Kwempucuko

Izikhulu ze-Covic, izisebenzi, nezisebenzi zokuzithandela zidinga ukuqeqeshwa ukuze ziqaphele futhi zinqobe ubandlululo lwazo. Ukuqeqeshwa kwempucuko kufanele kuhlanganise indlela yokuklama amafomethi okuhlanganisa ama-compacter (umz., ukusebenzisa izikhombo esikhundleni semiboniso yendlela yokufundisa, ukunikeza ama-headetet), ukubona ukuchaza ama-micropane, nendlela yokwakha ukwethemba imiphakathi eye yalimala ngenxa yezenzo zikahulumeni.

Icala eliqhubekayo libucayi. AmaDolobha anjengeMinneapolis asungule amahhovisi anokuthengiselana abukeza wonke amasu okuthembisana komphakathi ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi afinyelela abantu abahlukahlukene. Uma izivumelwano zibonisa izikhala eziphikelelayo, ihhovisi lingatusa ukulungisa / njengokuthutha imihlangano ukuya esikhathini noma endaweni ehlukile." Ngaphambi kokuba izinqumo ziphele.

Ukulwela Ukulingana

Pholisa ukuqamba izimpande zokwahlukanisa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusekela ukubhaliswa okuzenzekelayo kovoti, ukubuyisela amalungelo okuvota kubantu ababeboshiwe, ukwandisa ukushesha nokuvota ngeposi, nokuqinisekisa ukuxhasa okungaguquguquki kwezimali zokhetho. Ngezinga lendawo, ukusekela ukumelelwa kophawu olulinganiselwe noma ukuvota kungaqinisekisa ukuthi imibono emincane inethuba elihle lokuthonya.

Izakhamuzi zingase futhi zifune "ukusetshenziswa kwemali yokusetshenziswa kwezindawo," inqubo lapho izakhamuzi zinquma khona ngokuqondile ukusebenzisa ingxenye yemali kamasipala. I-Prevenory Gameding Project yaseNew York City iye yasebenzisa ama-dollar angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-300 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-200) kusukela ekusungulweni kwayo, ngokuthembisana nezakhamuzi ezingakaze zikhulume emhlanganweni wedolobha. Lapho abantu bebona ukufakwa kwazo kuholela emiphumeleni esobala / njengendawo entsha yokudlala noma i-laphu elithuthukisiwe emigwaqo-8) basengozini kakhulu yokuphinde bangene futhi.

Ukuhlanganyela Ngokuvumelana Nezimo

Izinketho ezikhombayo nezikude azisakhombi; zibalulekile. Imihlangano ye-hybrid evumela kokubili ukuba khona nokuhlanganisa izinqolobane eziqoshiwe nezikhathi zokuphendula ezibhaliwe, ihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezimiso. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zasungula "umbhalo kumkhandlu" izinkonzo lapho izakhamuzi zibheka iziteshi ezihleliwe ocingweni futhi zithumela umbono osheshayo endikimbeni eyenza izinqumo.

Ukufakwa kwemishini kudinga ukuvala igebe lobuchwepheshe. Amathala ezincwadi nezikhungo zomphakathi kunganikeza u-Wi-Fi, ama-laptop, kanye nokusekela kobuchwepheshe phakathi nezikhathi zokuphawula komphakathi. Inkonzo yezezinombolo "Inkonzo Ye-Digal eneminyaka eyishumi" iqokomisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni eziye zasebenzisa izinhlelo ezilula ze-inthanethi ku-inthanethi, zinciphisa isikhathi esisithathayo ukunikeza impendulo yomphakathi kusukela emizuzwini engu-30 kuya kwemihlanu ngaphansi kwesihlanu (8) kanye nokwanda kwenani lokuzithoba nge-400%.

Intuthuko Elinganiswayo Noshintsho Oluqhubekayo

Ukunqoba imingcele akuyona inqubo eyodwa kodwa isibopho esiqhubekayo. Izinkampani kufanele zilandele inani labantu abahlanganyela ngokuthatha igalelo eliqinile − ngokohlanga, iholo, ulimi, ubudala, kanye nesimo sokukhubazeka (nemikhakha eqondile yentuthuko). Imibiko yaminyaka yonke "impilo ye-Cvic", njengaleyo ekhishwe yi-National Conference on Citizenshishishishishishishity, inikeza uphawu lwentuthuko. Uma izithuba ziqhubeka, abaholi kumelwe bazimisele ukuzama izindlela ezintsha nokuyeka imikhuba engasebenzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakha isiko lokuhlanganyela kudinga ukuphumelela okuncane. Umkhandlu womakhelwane odonsa abantu abangu-30 kuqala emhlanganweni uyindawo engcono yokusakaza. Ukuxoxa ngezindaba zokuhlanganyela komsizi ongcono, kubangela ushintsho oluhle. Njengenogada omusha oweqayo enqamule imigwaqo eyingozi noma ingosi yedolobha elinabantu abakhuluma izilimi eziningi.

Isiphetho

Izithiyo zokuhlanganyela komphakathi zisekelwe kakhulu ekuthatheleni izivumelwano zomphakathi, kodwa azinakunqotshwa. Ngokufaka imali emfundweni, ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuvumelana nezimo, nangokusekela labo ababudinga kakhulu, imiphakathi ingasondela eduze nentando yeningi lapho izwi ngalinye likhuluma khona. Amasu achazwe lapha awavezwanga ngokomthetho ``aye ahlolwa emadolobheni nasemadolobhaneni alo lonke izwe, abangela ukwanda okungenakulungiseka. Umsebenzi udinga ukuphikelela, imithombo, nokuzimisela ukulalela labo osekuyisikhathi eside bengadilizwa. Kodwa umvuzo owenziwe lapha awukho ukuvumelana, ukwamukela, nomphakathi ufanele yonke imizamo.