Ukuqonda Isisekelo Samalungelo Empahla: Ukwaziswa Okujulile Emithethweni Yendawo Eqanjiwe

Zimbalwa izici zokubekwa kwempahla ezithwala ubunzima obulinganayo − futhi zingaba izimangaliso eziningi ezingenzeka . Uma uthenga indlu yakho yokuqala, ukwandisa impahla, noma umane ubheke ekufakeni idekhi, imithetho ebekwe ngumasipala wakho elawula lokho ongakwenza nokungenakukwenza. Lemithetho ayiyona eyeyomthetho; imelela isinqumo somphakathi esihlangene sendlela indawo okumelwe isetshenziswe ngayo, ithuthukiswe, futhi igcinwe. Kubaphathi bempahla kanye nabanikazi bezindawo, ukuqonda okuphelele kokuhlahlela indawo akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni inzuzo, ukugwema izimpi ezingokomthetho ezibiza imali, nokwenza izinqumo ezibonisa ulwazi.

Lesi sihloko sindisa izisekelo zokuhlala, sihlola izimpawu zezimpahla ezivame ukuhlangana nazo, futhi sinikeza amasu asebenzayo okuhamba kulendawo eyinkimbinkimbi. Sizohlola futhi izimo zezwe langempela lapho ulwazi lwenze khona umehluko phakathi kweprojekthi ephumelelayo nenhlekelele esabekayo.

Iyini Imithetho Yokuzikhohlisa Futhi Kungani Ikhona?

Phakathi nendawo, umthetho wokwakha izakhiwo uyimithetho ehlukanisa indawo kamasipala ibe yizifunda noma izifunda, ngayinye enemisebenzi evunyelwe ngokuqondile, izindinganiso zokwakha, nemingcele yobunzima. Ohulumeni bendawo bamisa lemithetho ngaphansi kwesimiso esingokomthetho se amandla okulawula [, ewabavumela ukuba balawule impahla eyimfihlo ukuze bavikele impilo yomphakathi, ukuphepha, nenhlalakahle. Umbono wanamuhla wokuhlanganisa izakhiwo wavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, kanye neNew York City eyamukela umthetho wokuqala obanzi ngo191616 kuyalela ukuphakama nokusetshenziswa kwamabhilishi namafektri ahlukene ezindaweni zokuhlala.

I - Zoning ifeza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile:

  • [ Ukwehlukanisa indawo engahambisani kusebenzisa[]
  • [ ukuphakama kwenani labantu ukuqinisekisa isisekelo sesisekelo njengemigwaqo, amanzi, nendle kungasekela inani lezakhamuzi noma izisebenzi.
  • Igcine amanani empahla ngokwenza ukubikezelwa ukuthi yini engakhiwa endlini eseduze.
  • Ukugcwalisa izinhloso zomphakathi zokuhlela [, njengokukhuthaza izindlu ezithengwayo noma ukuvikela indawo evulekileyo.

Ngaphandle kokukhokha, iqembu lemidanso lingavuleka ngokomthetho eduze kwesikole samabanga aphansi, noma isakhiwo samahholo esinesitebhisi esingu-40 singaphakama maphakathi nendawo enokuthula yasemaphandleni.

Isisekelo Esingokomthetho Esisekela Ukuziphilisa

Izimiso zokuzihlela ziyingxenye yesimiso sikamasipala sokuhlela . , kanye nezimiso zokwakha, izimpawu zomlilo, nezinye izimiso zezwe. Zidalwe futhi zilungiswe ngenqubo yomphakathi ehlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwezindaba, amavoti omkhandlu wedolobha, futhi ngokuvamile amashende omphakathi. ibalazwe lebalazwe [ liyi-okumelelwa kwendlela umthetho osetshenziswa ngayo emhlabeni wonke. Impahla ehlelwayo izimpawu ezifana ne-R1 (endaweni eyodwa) noma C2 (ezentengiselwano) noma C2-dmine (ezentengiselwano) , okuvunyelwayo, futhi okuvunyelwe ngokuqondile, lokho okuvunyelwe yimvume ekhethekile.

Izinhlobo Zokuhlelwa Kwemibhalo Nezici Zayo Eziwusizo

Nakuba isihloko sokuqala sidwebe izigaba ezibanzi, ukusebenza kwezwe kwangempela kuningiliziwe. Ukuqonda incazelo yendlela ngayinye kungavimbela amaphutha abizayo.

Ukuzihlobisa Okuyinzuzo: Akuwona Nje Amakhaya

Ukuhlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala eziningi. Imithetho enzima ihlanganisa ubukhulu bendlu obubodwa obungahlukaniswe nge-moleve, kanti u-R-2 angavumela i-duplexes, R-3 noma R-4 ivumela amafulethi amaningi noma izindawo zokuhlala. Imingcele enzima ivame ukuhlanganisa imikhawulo ephansi [[ [umdlandla] [umdlandla] [umgebe] [umdla] [umgebe], [umk. g., 5 000 noma 10 000] imithathu yeskwemitha ukuphakama, izimpawu zokuhlukanisa izimfuneko eziningi] [[FLT:] nenani eliphansi].[FLT]

Isexwayiso esivamile: abanikazi bamakhaya bacabanga ukuthi bangafaka iyunithi yokuqasha (igumbi lokuhlala” noma i-ADU) egcekeni labo. Nokho, amakhodi amaningi amadala asebenza emadongeni awenqabela ngokuqondile ama-ADU noma afuna ukuba kuhlale abanikazi kanye nokupaka izimoto ezengeziwe. Abanikazi bezindawo ze-Savvy bahlola indawo ngaphambi kohlelo nganoma isiphi isakhiwo.

Ukuhweba Ngezimbali: Uhlobo Oluhle Lwebhizinisi

Izindawo zentengiselwano ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. C-1 (izentengiselwano zomphakathi) zingavumela izitolo ezincane namahhovisi angochwepheshe kodwa zinqabela ukuthungatha imoto noma izitolo zokulungisa izimoto. C-2 noma C-3 (izentengiselwano) ivumela uxhaxha lwebhizinisi, kuhlanganise nezindawo zokudlela, iziteshi zegesi, nezitolo ezinkulu. Abanye omasipala basebenzisa izindinganiso [[[FLT:] ezilawula umsindo, isizukulwane sezimoto, namahora okusebenza kunokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezicacile ezivumelekile. Uma uthenga impahla ukuze uqhube ibhizinisi, ungacabangi ukuthi noma ikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano kuvumelekile [[FLT:]] usebenzise itafula elikhethekile [FLT:] [FLT]] [FLD]

Izimboni Nezolimo

Izindawo zezimboni zihlukaniswa zibe izimboni ezilula (izimboni, ingqungquthela, amalabhu okucwaninga) kanye nezimboni ezisindayo (ukulungisa amakhemikhali, imigodi). Izindawo zemeseyili ``izindawo eziluhlaza okwengca, izindonga, noma izithiyo) zivame ukudingeka phakathi kwezindawo zezimboni nezindawo zokuhlala. Izindawo zezolimo zivame ukuvikelwa amapulazi emaphandleni ukuba angangeni emadolobheni kodwa futhi zingabeka isilinganiso esincane samahektare angu-20 noma angu-40 ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhla okusetshenziswa okungangeni okungena emapulazini. Ezinye izindawo zezolimo ezivumela ukuba kusetshenziswe amapulazi afana nezikhungo ezivamile noma amapulazi.

Ukusetshenziswa kweZoning: Ukuthambekela kwanamuhla

Intuthuko eminingi entsha isebenzisa exeshiwe-isetshenziswayo (MX) noma ukuthuthukisa kweyunithi (PUD). Lokhu kuvumela indawo yokuhlala, ezohwebo, ngezinye izikhathi nezilula ezisetshenziswayo phakathi kwesakhiwo esisodwa noma intuthuko. Nakuba izifunda ezixubile, ezixubene nezindinganiso zokuklama, njengezimfuneko zemigwaqo ehambayo, isitolo senhlabathi, nezindawo zokupaka izindawo ezixubile. Abani bezindawo ezixubile kumelwe baqaphele kakhulu mayelana nokusebenzisa izimvume zemisebenzi ekhona phakathi kwesakhiwo esisodwa noma ukuthuthukisa.[FLT] [FLD:]

Indlela Ukuzihlola Okuthinta Ngayo Ukubaluleka Kwempahla Yakho Nentuthuko Yakho

Ake sandise abakhayo, ngoba cishe ukukha izakhiwo kuyithonya elikhulu kunawo wonke elingaphandle ekuthengeni kwempahla.

Ukuzihlela Kuphakeme Futhi Kusetshenziswa Kangcono Kakhulu

Ababhula ngemizi nabezimali bahlola indawo esekelwe emakhaya omkhaya owodwa, ukuthatha izindawo ezifanayo. Uma uwena wezolimo kodwa umthuthukisi ebethenga amaphasela angomakhelwane angomakhelwane, imvume engokomthetho, futhi engenziwa ngokomzimba. Imali esetshenziswayo ezindaweni eziningi zemikhaya eminingi ibiza kakhulu kunendawo eyodwa ebekelwe indawo eyodwa, ukuthatha izindawo ezifanayo. Uma uwena wezolimo kodwa umthuthukisi ebethenga amaphasela ango omakhelwane engokwakheka, inani lempahla yakho lingase linyuke kakhulu uma ushintsho lwezindawo. Ngokuphikisana nokwehluleka kwedolobha, uma indawo ephansi ukuze kunciphe umthamo, izilinganiso zempahla zingancipha kakhulu.

I - “Zoning Premium”

Ezimakethe ezishisayo, izakhiwo kakade ezinenqubo ezithiywe ngokuthiya (i.e, zonke imvume ezidingekile) ziyagunyaza ukukhokha imali eshisiwe. Abakhokhi bakhokhela indawo ekwazi ukusekela isakhiwo esithatha ihora eliyishumi ngokushesha kuneso esidinga inqubo yokubuyisela indawo. Ukuqonda lemali iyisihluthulelo sabo bobabili abadayisi nabathengisi. Umthengisi othengise isikhathi nemali ekulondolozeni i-váriance. Imali ekhokhiswayo ingabiza imali engaphezulu. I-afrecile izingozi nezindleko zokuthola imvume yokuya ekhona.

Ukutadisha Icala: Ugibe Lwebhizinisi Olusekelwe Ekhaya

Cabanga ngomninikhaya ofuna ukuphatha ibhikawo elincane ekhishini lakhe. Izindawo eziningi zokuhlala zivumela “imisebenzi yasekhaya” kodwa zilinganisela kakhulu: akukho mkhondo, akukho bathengi abadlula abantu abambalwa ngosuku, akukho zisebenzi ngaphandle komkhaya, futhi akukho msindo noma iphunga. Uma umninikhaya eqala ukuthengisa izimpahla ezisezitolo zendawo noma ukuqasha abashayeli abakhokheli, kungenzeka ukuthi baphula umthetho wezindawo zokuhlala. Idolobha lingase likhiphe umthetho wezenqanyuliwe, liphoqelele ibhizinisi ukuba livale noma likhiphe inzuzo ehholweni noma esemthethweni. Uma umnini wempahla ehlola kuqala angase aqaphele ukuthi indawo ehlukile (noma imvume yokuthutha imibandela) iyadingeka, kubasindisa kulokhu kungena inhlekelele.

Ukucwaninga imithetho yokuzihlola yendawo: Isiqondiso esilandelanayo

Nansi indlela yokuhlola ebanzi kakhulu abanikazi bezindawo abangayilandela.

  1. ihlela umasipala obusayo. Uma impahla yakho isendaweni engahlanganisiwe, umnyango wokuhlela ugunya lakho. Uma kusemingceleni yedolobha, umnyango wokuhlela idolobha uphethe indawo.
  2. Ibalazwe elingokomthetho lezindawo. Amadolobha amaningi anikeza ibalazwe elibonisanayo kuyi-inthanethi ye-GIS (Indlela yolwazi lolwazi lomphakathi). Faka ikheli lakho ukuze ubone isiqu sesifunda sakho nemingcele yaso. Bheka izifunda ezibotshelelwe phezulu ngezansi/izifunda ezikhethekile ezenezela izimfuneko ezengeziwe (ukulondolozwa kwezindawo, isikhukhula, umsindo wesikhumulo sezindiza, njll.).
  3. Funda umbhalo wendawo wemithetho we-. Leli ibhukwana elide, kodwa gxila esahlukweni sesifunda sezwe lakho. Bheka ithebula elithi “imisebenzi ebuyiselwe”,“izindinganiso zokuthuthukisa” (ubude, izithiyo, izikhawu, isilinganiso se-patrol, isilinganiso se-opatrol), kanye no-“ukusetshenziswa kwemiphakamo okukhethekile” noma“ilungiselelo”.
  4. hlela uhlelo olubanzi. Icebo lomphakathi eliwuhlobo [ noma icebo eliphetheyo [[ limisa uhlelo lwendawo-yokusebenza kabanzi (umzk., “lendawo kufanele ishintshe kusuka ezimbonini kuya ekusebenziseni okuxubene neminyaka engu-20”). Uma uhlelo lwendlela yokuhlela isilinganiso esiphakeme sendawo yakho, i-jongashintshwa esikhathini esizayo noma usongo.
  5. Khuluma nodwebi wendlela. Shayela noma vakashela umnyango wokuhlela. Cela “incwadi eqinisekisayo” eqinisekisa ukuhlelwa kwempahla kwamanje futhi ihlele noma iziphi izinguquko ezisele. Iminyango eminingi futhi inikeza ingqungquthela yangaphambi kwezinhlelo [ lapho ungaxoxa khona ngethukela lomsebenzi wakho ohlongoziwe ngaphambi kokuhlela amasu.
  6. Umeluleki onguchwepheshe. Eminye imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, i-palm-message [ noma umeluleki owesizwe [[ angasebenzisa ama-vreance, imvume ye-athonsi, nokuhlela kabusha izisebenziso. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi uma iprojekthi yakho iphikisana noma idinga ukuzwa obala.

Izinkinga Ezivamile Nendlela Yokuzixazulula

Ngaphandle kohlu oluvamile, abanikazi bezindawo ngokuvamile babhekana nalezi zinselele eziqondile.

Imisebenzi Nezakhiwo Ezingezona Iziko

Uhlelo olungasetshenziswayo olusemthethweni lukhona lapho indawo isetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni ngokuhlelwa kwezindawo. Ngokwesibonelo, isitolo sekhoneni esisebenza ngaphambi kokuba indawo iphinde yakhiwe futhi ingavunyelwa ukuqhubeka (kodwa uma inganwebi noma ingashintshi ubunikazi (imithetho eminingi isusa imisebenzi engavumelani nemisebenzi ngemva kwenkathi yokusebenza kwe-octive). Ngokufanayo, isitolo sekhoneni esakhiwe ngokuseduze kakhulu nomngcele wempahla) singalungiseka kodwa singabi sikhululeke kakhulu. Abathengi kumelwe bazi: ukuthenga umshuwa wempahla ongayiguqulayo, inzuzo, inzuzo, nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo.

Ukushintshashintsha: Isikhathi Sokusetshenziswa Nendlela Yokusisebenzisa

I- imvume yokuphambuka ezidingweni ezingokoqobo zomthetho wendawo ngenxa yobunzima obukhethekile. Isikhalazo kumelwe sibonise ukuthi impahla ayinakusetshenziswa ngokunengqondo ngaphandle komjikelezo, ukuthi ubunzima abuzidalelwanga, futhi ukunikeza i-vlance ngeke kulimaze inhlalakahle yomphakathi. i-Variances azigunyaziswanga ngenxa nje yokuthi umsebenzi wakho ungaba nenzuzo noma ungcono kakhulu. Inqubo ihilela ukunikeza umsebenzi, ukukhokha inkokhiso, ukuva ibhodi lokulalela umphakathi phambi kwe i-octededededings [FFOLD] engcono kakhulu. [FFFOLD:3] [F] [FFF:] [FD] [FFF:4]

Ukulungisa Nokulungisa Izimiso Ezimisiwe

Uma ufuna ukusetshenziswa okungavunyelwe isifunda samanje, esinqunywa umkhandlu wedolobha noma ikhomishane yesifunda, futhi kunzima kakhulu kunokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esinesiteshi esilinganiselwe ukuya ku-4 sezindaba . Ungadinga ukubekwa indawo [. Lesi isenzo somthetho, esinqunywa umkhandlu wedolobha noma ikhomishane yesifunda, futhi sinzima kakhulu kunendawo yokuhlala. Ungabonisa ukuthi ukuphindela kuvumelane necebo elibanzi, kufeza isidingo somphakathi (umz., izindlu noma imisebenzi), futhi ngeke kuzilimaze izakhiwo eziseduze. Ngokuvamile kudinga ukubukezwa kwendawo ezungezile, ukuhlola izimoto, nokuncintisana komphakathi.

Ukuqhubeka Kunezinguquko Nokubusa Komphakathi

Izindawo zokuhlala zikhona, kodwa amanani kaMasipala avame ukuhlela imithetho yawo ukuze alungise ukudingeka kwezindlu, ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho, nezinkinga zendawo ezungezile.

  • [[FLT: 0] Izahlulelo zomphakathi ezifinyelelwe. Uma idolobha lihlela umthetho omusha ohlela indawo noma ukwakhiwa kabusha okuthile, kubekwa izindlebe zomphakathi. Ukubekwa kwecala, noma ukumane nje uqaphele nje, kukunika isixwayiso sokuqala sezinguquko ezingathinta inani lempahla yakho noma amathemba okuthuthuka.
  • Ukuhlela imihlangano ye-compact . Amadolobha amaningi ahlala-mfula noma iposi lemizuzu kulayini. Bheka izinto ezifana “imibhalo ethunyelwayo” ekhonweni (ukuhlela imithetho yokupaka imoto, i-ADUs, njll.) kanye “nezinguquko zezakhiwo eziseduze.
  • IForm noma zihlanganisa nenhlangano yomakhelwane. Izindaba zomsindo ezihlanganisiwe. Umakhelwane onobunye ungathonya ukuhlelwa kwezinhlelo noma ukuphikisa izenzakalo ezingavumelani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma uhlela ukukhula, ukuhlanganyela namaqembu omakhelwane kunganciphisa ukuphikiswa ngokushesha.
  • Sebenzisa amathuluzi olayini. Ama-website afana Ukucwaninga okunezembu [ namatheku kahulumeni asendaweni manje anikeza amabalazwe okuhlanganisa futhi avumele izinqubo. I-EPA Smart Growing imithombo ye-motel [[] inikeza isiqondiso ngendlela i-evolution ehlobene ngayo nentuthuko eqhubekayo.

Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile Kwabathengisi Bempahla

Abatshali bemali abathenga izakhiwo zezentengiselwano kumelwe bankuthale kakhulu ngaphandle kwemali.

  • vumela ukusetshenziswa[. Impahla efakwe “i-commercial” ingasenqabela ibhizinisi elithile elifana nebhari, isitolo se-pandn, noma isitolo sosuku. I-operation of ithebula lokusebenzisa [ iwumthombo oqinisekile.
  • Ingxenye yesitezi esikhombe isilinganiso (FAR). Lokhu kulinganisela isilinganiso esiphelele sesakhiwo esiyisikwele esihlobene nobukhulu obukhulu. IFAR ephansi ingacinanisa ukwanda.
  • ihlela izimfuneko zokupaka. Amadolobha amaningi adinga indawo eyodwa yokupaka ngamamitha-skwele angu-200 esitolo. Uma indawo yakho ingenandawo yokupaka eyanele, kungadingeka uthenge indawo eseduze noma ufake i-paking imigqa ebhakayo.] zombili zibizayo.
  • Ukucabangela ukusetshenziswa kwemibandela kuvumela[. Uma uhlobo lwakho lwebhizinisi lungekho “kwesokudla,” kumelwe ufake imvume ye-linuctory noma yokusetshenziswa okukhethekile. Lokhu kwenezela isikhathi, izindleko, nokungaqiniseki. [ iNhlangano yaseMelika yokuhlela [ inikeza imithombo evumelanayo engokomthetho yemvume yendawo.

Isiphetho: Ukukutholela Umsebenzi

Imithetho yendawo yokuhlela ingazizwa iwubuningi bemingcele, kodwa futhi iyisisekelo esivikela inzuzo yempahla kanye nomphakathi. Isihluthulelo sempumelelo ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo nesiqondiso sobuchwepheshe. Uma umnikazi wekhaya uhlela ukuvuselelwa, umnini-bhizinisi omncane ukhanyisa inqolobane, noma umthuthukisi wesakhiwo, uthatha isikhathi sokuqonda i-conotic consistion", futhi indlela engakushintsha ngayo imali, isikhathi, nokukhungatheka. Impahla ayinikezwanga ndawo ekhona; iyisimo esishukumisayo ongasilawula ngokubophana, ngokusebenza, nangokunamathela emithethweni. Inkosi yokuhlanganisa imithetho, nenkosi ye-ekhodia, kanye nawe, umnini wezinto ezinamandla kakhulu.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, hlola i-Cornell Legal Information Institute ukucubungula komthetho wezomthetho wezwe noma ukuhlola ingosi yomnyango womnyango wokuhlela we-panel yendawo. Ulwazi luyisivikelo esingcono kakhulu kumaphutha okuhlela abizayo.