Ukuvinjelwa kukahulumeni kahulumeni kuye kwasuka kuma-piccup cupel angavamile ezikhalini zezombangazwe ezinamandla ezingaphazamisa izinkonzo zikahulumeni amasonto amaningi. Kusukela ngo 1976, i-United States iye yathola amagebe angokwezimali angu-21 aholela emabeni ahlukene okuphazamisa uhulumeni [, eguqula kusukela ekubambeni uhlelo lwezindlela zokuhlela izinto ezibambezelekayo oluthinta izigidi zabantu baseMelika. Ukuqonda lomlando akuvezi ukuthi safika kanjani nje ekwakhiweni kwethu, kodwa ukuthi kungani izigwebo ziye zaba isici esivamile sokubusa kwaseMelika.

Lokhu kuhlaziya okunzulu kulandelela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kukahulumeni okuvimbela ukuvela ekuzinzeni kwabo ngokomthetho kunoma yiziphi izinkinga ezinkulu zezimali, ukuhlola amandla ezombangazwe, ithonya lezomnotho, nezifundo ezifundwe cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu yobuphethu obungalingani. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumfundi womlando wezombangazwe, isisebenzi sikahulumeni esikhathazekile ngokuvinjelwa kwesikhathi esizayo, noma isakhamuzi esizama ukuqonda ukuthi kungani uMkhandlu wesizwe uhluleka njalo ukudlula ngesikhathi, lesi siqondiso sinikeza umongo obalulekile womunye wezinkinga ezikhungathekisa kakhulu zentando yeningi yaseMelika.

Ngaphambi Ko - 1976: Izwe Elihlukile Lohlelo Lokusebenzisa Imali

Ngaphambi konyaka ka-1970, uhulumeni kahulumeni wasebenzisa inqubo yokuhlelwa kwemali ngokwethukela eyayingabonakala ingeyokwemvelo namuhla. Lapho uMkhandlu uhluleka ukudlulisa izikweletu zemali ngesikhathi, izinhlangano zaqhubeka zisebenza ngaphansi kombono wokuthi ukuxhasa ngemali ekugcineni kuyovunyelwa. Isivumelwano salendoda sasebenza ngoba:

  • Imisebenzi yokulungisa i- yayithathwa njengemvume eshiwoyo esuka ku-Congress
  • [ Amakhanda amhlophe ayenezindlela ezibanzi zokulawula [ ukugcina imisebenzi ebalulekile
  • Izimiso zezezimali ezidaliwe ekusebenziseni imali njenge-active emigomweni engahlobene
  • Inqubo yokuhlela uhlelo lokuhlela ayihlelwanga kahle kanye ne-volution

Lesimiso sasingaphelele — ngezinye izikhathi izinhlangano zazingaqediwe noma zisebenze ngaphandle kwemvume ecacile — kodwa savimbela ukuphazamisa okukhulu kwezinkonzo zikahulumeni ezimpikiswaneni zemali.

I - Congressgational Baccol Act ka - 1974

Inkathi yeWatergate yaletha izinguquko ezinkulu ukuze kulinganiselwe amandla obumongameli futhi kuqinise ukuqondisa kwengqungquthela. UMthetho woHlawulo lwemali noMthetho wokuLawula i-Impoundment ka- 1974 ngokuyisisekelo wahlela kabusha indlela uhulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni ophethe ohlela ngayo izimali kanye namathuluzi:

[[Umthetho:0] Umphandle oyinhloko:[

  • Indlu Nezigebengu Zohlelo Lohlelo
  • Ukumiswa Kwehhovisi Lohlelo Lokwenza Imali Le - Congress (CBO)
  • Beka izikhathi ezimisiwe zokusebenzisa imali ukuze uqhubeke uhlela
  • Ukulinganiselwa kwekhono lobumongameli lokwenqaba ukusebenzisa imali efanelekayo
  • Yenza inqubo yokubuyisana ukuze kusetshenziswe imali edingekayo

Nakuba zazihloselwe ukuthethelela inqubo yokusetshenziswa kwemali, lezi zinguquko ngokungahlosile zakha uhlelo olungokomthetho olwaluyokwenza ukuba kuvinjelwe.

Isinyathelo Sokuvimbela Ukuqina Nokuzivelela Kwaso

I - Antideficiency Act, eyakhishwa okokuqala ngo - 1884 futhi yalungiswa izikhathi eziningi, inqabela izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuba ziphume:

  • Ukusebenzisa imali ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe izicelo
  • Ukwamukela izinkonzo zokuzithandela
  • Ukwenza izibopho zitholakale kalula
  • Ukuhlanganisa uhulumeni ezivumelwaneni ngaphandle kwemvume

Kwaphela amashumi eminyaka lo mthetho uchazwa kalula, uvumela ukuba kuqhubeke kusetshenziswa phakathi nezindawo ezidinga imali.

Imibono Ebalulekile: Ukuqala Kokuvaleka Kwanamuhla

April 25, 1980 yaphawula inkathi yoshintsho lapho uJenene u-Attleney Benjamin Civiletti ekhipha umbono ongokomthetho ngokuchaza ngokuqinile i-Antideficiency Act. Wanquma ukuthi:

  • Izimo eziphuthumayo kumele ziqede imisebenzi uma izibalo ziphelelwa
  • imisebenzi edingekayo kuphela ukuvikela ukuphila nempahla ingaqhubeka
  • [[[Izisebenzi zomsebenzi] azikwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle komholo , ngisho nangokuzithandela
  • [[IMIPHUMELA:0] Imiphumela yesijeziso sobugebengu

Umbono wesibili [[QL:0] January 16, 1981[ walula kancane ukuma, okwenza kube lula

  • Ukuvikelwa kwemithwalo yemfanelo yomthetho - sisekelo
  • Imisebenzi egunyazwe umthetho ukuba iqhubeke naphezu kokuwa kwezimali
  • Ukusebenza kokucisha ngokulandelana

Le mibono yashintsha amagebe okuxhasa imali ekuphazamisekeni kwezindawo zokuphatha aba izinhlekelele ezisebenzayo, okwabangela ukuba uhulumeni wanamuhla uvinjelwe.

Isikhathi Esiphelele Sesikhathi Sokucima SeFederal (197-6 Umhlaba)

UBuphathi Be - Ford (1976)

01 – October 11, 1976 [izinsuku eziyishumi]

  • [[UMTH:0] I-ICT: Ukuphikisana ngokuxhasa ngemali iminyango yezisebenzi ne-HEW
  • I-Intact: Ukucisha okuyingxenye okuthinta iminyango ethile
  • Isinqumo: Ukuxhasa ngemali kwamukelwa okwesikhashana
  • Uphawu: Ukucisha kokuqala ngaphansi kwemithetho emisha yokuhlela uhlelo lwemali

I - Carter Yeminyaka ka - 1978 - 190)

Umqondisi weCarter waba namagebe amahlanu okuxhasa ngemali, nakuba abaningi babengenalo igalelo elitheni ngenxa yencazelo yangaphambi kweCiviletti:

[[UMTH:0] 01 01 - October 13, 1977 (izinsuku ezingu-12)

  • Yixabani ngokwezimali yokukhipha isisu
  • Imiphumela emincane yokusebenza

[[UMTH:0] October 31 - November 9, 1977 (izinsuku)

  • Ukuqhubeka nokukhipha isisu kuyimpikiswano yokusekela imali
  • Ukuvalwa konyaka wesibili ngonyaka ofanayo

[[UMTH:0] November 30 - December 9, 1977 izinsuku ezisibhozo][[UMTL:1]

  • Ingxenye yesithathu yokuvalwa kwesakhiwo ngenxa yendaba efanayo
  • Ukuvela kwenhlobo yesikhashana yokusekela imali

[[UMTH:0] 01 – October 18, 1978 (izinsuku)

  • Ukungavumelani ngemisebenzi yomphakathi
  • UCarter wachitha izikweletu ayecabanga ukuchitha

[[UMTH:0] 01 – October 12, 1979 (izinsuku)

  • Ukuxabana ngeholo lokuhlangana kwamaqembu kwandisa futhi kuxhasa ukukhishwa kwezisu
  • Ukuvalwa kokugcina phambi kombono we-Coviletti

Reagan Era (1981-199)

Umqondisi weReagan wabona ukuvinjelwa okuyisishiyagalombili njengoba incazelo entsha eqinile yayiqala ukusebenza:

[[UMTL:0] November 20-23, 1981 [izinsuku ezimbili][[UMTL:1]

  • Eyokuqala ukuvinjelwa ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-Civiletti
  • Izisebenzi zikahulumeni ezingu - 241 000 zigawulwa
  • Ukuxabana ngokusebenzisa imali
  • Beka isibonelo samakhasi okumisa angempela omsebenzi

[[UMTH:0] 01 01 - Oktobha 2, 1982 (usuku)

  • Ukwehluleka ukuthatha isikhathi sokusebenzisa imali
  • Ukucisha okungokomfanekiso kakhulu

[[Umthetho:0] Decber 17-21, 1982 (izinsuku ezintathu)

  • Nizive ngesimiso semisebenzi yomphakathi
  • Indlu neSigele akukwazanga ukuxazulula ukungefani

[[UMTL:0] November 10-14, 1983 (izinsuku ezintathu)[[UMTL:1]

  • Ukungavumelani ngemfundo, imisebenzi yamanzi, nosizo lwakwamanye amazwe
  • UReagan wayefuna imali eyengeziwe yokuzivikela

[[UMTH:0] 01 01 - October 3, 1984 (izinsuku)

  • Ukuchitha izikweletu zobugebengu nemisebenzi yamanzi
  • Reagan wafuna ukubopha izwi-zwi eliqhubekayo esithuthweni sobugebengu

October 3-5, 1984 [1 usuku)

  • Kulandela ngokushesha ukuvala okwedlule
  • Ukuqhubeka nokungezwani ngezindaba ezifanayo

[[IQUL:0] October 16-18, 1986 [usuku 1]

  • Zixabane ngezindaba eziningi kuhlanganise nenhlalakahle
  • Ukuvalwa okukhulu kobuchwepheshe

[[I] Decber 18-20, 1987 [usuku)

  • Ukungavumelani Ngemfundiso Nesiyalo Esifanele
  • Ukuvalwa kokugcina kobumongameli bukaReagan

I - George H.W. Administration Bush (1990)

[[I] October 5-9, 1990 (izinsuku ezintathu)

  • Ukungavumelani Okungafanelekile
  • U-Bush washiywa "akukho zintela ezintsha" umphumela wesibambiso
  • Izisebenzi ezingu - 2 800 zabhukuda
  • Inqunywe ngokuvumelana kwemali

IClinton-Gingrichs Plahdaws (1995-19996)

Lokhu kuvinjelwa kwaphawula inkathi entsha yokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zokuvala izikhali njengezikhali zezombangazwe:

[[UMTL:0] November 13-19, 1995 (izinsuku)

  • "Inguquko yeRepublica" ihlangabezana nohlobo lwayo
  • Abaqashwa abangu - 800 000 abawuhulumeni bahlatshwa
  • Ingxabano ngenxa yeMikhakha Yokulwa, imfundo, indawo ezungezile, nempilo yomphakathi
  • Isihlalo somunye umuntu esincane sikaGingrich phezu kweButho lomoya saba uphawu

[[IQUL:0] Decber 15, 1995 - January 6, 1996 (izinsuku ezingu-1)

  • Ukucisha okude kakhulu kulelondawo
  • 284 000 basebenza ngaphandle kweholo
  • Izindleko: AmaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu - 1,4
  • Umphakathi wavukela amaRepublicans
  • Izilinganiso zemvume zikaClinton zanyuka
  • Ukuphambana okuyinhloko kwezombangazwe okwathathwa uGingrich

Isihluthulelo semiphumela:[

  • Uhulumeni waseWashington D.C. wathinteka kakhulu
  • Amapaki esizwe nezikhumbuzo zasendulo avalwa
  • Izicelo ze - pasport ne - visa zamiswa
  • Ukucwaninga ngezempilo kuyaphazamiseka
  • Ukuhlanza udoti onobuthi kwanqamuka

Iminyaka yobuThwa-Obama: Ifingqa Ukuzola (2001-2013)

Akukho kuvinjelwa okwenzeka kusukela ngo-1996 kuya ku-2013, inkathi ende kakhulu ngaphandle kokuvalwa kusukela ngo-1976. Izici eziningana zanezela:

  • Izifundo zezombangazwe ezifundwe ngo - 1995 - 96
  • 9/11 ekwakheni ubunye ekusebenziseni izinto eziza kuqala
  • Izimpi e - Iraq nase - Afghanistan zinciphisa isifiso sokulwa nezimpi zasekhaya
  • Inkinga yemali idinga ukubambisana nama - bipartisia

Iqembu Letiye Liyacimeka (203)

October 1-17, 2013 (izinsuku)

  • I-ICR: Umzamo weRepublican wokususa i-fuld/lay Afford Care Act
  • I-Leader: Umlungisi uTed Cruz's ucingo olunamahora angama-21
  • I-Italict: 800 000 egobile, izigidi ezengeziwe zithintekile
  • Cost: [R14 000 000 000 000 000 kracti yezentengiselwano zezomnotho]
  • Isinqumo: amaRepublicanted akhushulelwa ngaphandle kokufinyelela imigomo

Imiphumela ebonakalisayo:[

  • Iziqiwi zesizwe zavalwa, zilahlekelwa amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu - 250
  • Ukuncishiswa kwe - CDC yesifo
  • Ukuhlola kweFDA kuncishisiwe
  • Izinzuzo ze-Verterans zisongelwa
  • Ukucwaninga kwesayensi kuyaphazamiseka

ITrump Erasciod (208-2019)

[[UMTH:0] January 20-22, 2018 (izinsuku ezintathu)

  • Ingxabano nge - DACA nokufuduka
  • Abaphikisi abavalwe okwesikhashana
  • Unqunywe isithembiso senkulumo - mpikiswano yokufuduka

[[UMTL:0] February 9, 2018 (amahora angu-9)

  • Ukucitshwa kwemishini ngobusuku obubodwa
  • Umbango kaPawulu ngokuchitha imali wanda
  • Ithonya elincane elingokoqobo

[[IQUM] Decber 22, 2018 - January 25, 2019 (izinsuku ezingu-35)

  • Ukuvala okude kakhulu emlandweni we-U.S.
  • Isidingo se Trump sokuxhasa udollar oyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5,7 odongeni lomngcele
  • 800 000 wezisebenzi ezithintekile
  • UGavel Guard wayesebenza ngaphandle kweholo
  • Abalawuli bezindiza babangela ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha
  • Amanxusa e - FBI ayesebenza ngaphandle kweholo
  • Ukuhlola ukudla kuncishisiwe
  • Intela ibambezele
  • Izindawo zokupaka zesizwe zishiswe imfucumfucu ngaphandle kwezisebenzi
  • Iphele uma ukuphazamiseka kohambo ngezindiza kusongela umnotho [

Imithombo Enamandla Yezombangazwe: Isizathu Sokuba Ukuzizwa Ucindezelekile Kuqhubeke Kuqhubeka

Izici Zokwakha

uhulumeni ohlukene udala izimo zokuvala:

  • Amaqembu Ahlukene Alawula Indlu, ISigele, Nobubonisi
  • Akukho mishini ephoqelela ukuyekethisa
  • Amaphuzu amaningi eveto eyenzeka
  • Ukwanda kokuncipha kwedili

[[UMTH:0] inqubo yobunkimbinkimbi:

  • 12 Kudingeka izindleko zokuxoxa ezihlukene
  • Amakomiti amaningi ahilelekile
  • Umzila wesikhathi esiqinile (October 1)
  • Ukusebenzisa njalo izinqumo eziqhubekayo

Ukuziphendukela Kwezindlela Zezombangazwe

s-190s: ukungavumelani ngezindlela ezithile ngamazinga akhethekile emali (199): Izimpi zemibono ebanzi ngendima kahulumeni [[[[FLT:][FLT]][FLT:] 2000s: ukunqamuka okufingqiwe ngenxa yezinsolo zangaphandle 2010s[: Ukwehlisa imingcele yemithetho engahambelani [[FLT:]]

Umdlalo Onecala

Ukuhlola umbono komphakathi njalo kuyabonisa:

  • basola umgadi waseMelika njengoqalayo ukucisha
  • [ Abaholi bavame ukuba ngcono ekuthumeleni imiyalezo [
  • Ukuvunyelwa kweNkathi yeSiphakamiso seSiphakamiso sehla kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iliphi iqembu
  • Ukuphazamiseka kwezomnotho kunciphisa umvuzo wezombangazwe

Izibonelo ezingokomlando:

  • 1995-96: AmaRepublican asolwa (ukungcola kwabonisa isilinganiso 2:1)
  • 2013: AmaRepublicans asolwa (izinsalela zazibonisa izindonga ezifanayo)
  • 2018 - 19: Ekuqaleni iTrump yacela ukuboleka imali, yabe isiqala ukusolwa

Ukuhlaziya Okunethonya Ezomnotho

Izindleko Eziqondile

[[[UMTL:0] Imiphumela yezisebenzi ezisebenza ebhadlayo:[

  • Ukungasebenzi kahle kwemikhiqizo ngesikhathi sokuvalwa
  • Izinkinga Zokuziphatha Nezokuzigcina Uzikhumbula
  • Izindleko zokuphatha zokuvala/ukuqala kabusha
  • Iholo leqolo ngaphandle komsebenzi owenziwe

Izilinganiso ze-economic:[

  • 1995 - 96: Izindleko eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu - 1,4
  • 2013: Umkhiqizo wezomnotho olahlekayo uyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu - 24 zamaRandi
  • 2018 - 19: Izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu - R2
  • AmaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu - 12 alahleka unomphela

Imiphumela Engaqondile Ezomnotho

[[UMTH:0] Imiphumela yengxenye:[[UMTL:1]

  • Amakhenikha Angokongamela awakhokhelwa
  • Amabhizinisi eduze kwezakhiwo zikahulumeni alahlekelwa amakhasimende
  • Izimboni zokuvakasha ziyaphazamisa
  • Ukungaqiniseki Kunciphisa ukutshala imali
  • Ukuzethemba kwebathengi kuyancipha

[[UMTL:0] imiphumela eminingi:[

  • Imali ngayinye kahulumeni engachithwanga ithinta ezomnotho zendawo
  • Abahwebi nezisebenzi banciphisa imali
  • Amabhizinisi ahlehlisa ukuqashwa nokwanda
  • Izimpawu zokuthenga ngesikweletu zingathinteka

Imiphumela Emide

Ukuwohloka kweGovernance:[

  • Ukuthola isiphiwo esinzima sikahulumeni
  • Ukwehla kwempumelelo kahulumeni
  • Ukusetshenziswa kohlelo okulindiwe
  • Izindleko ezengeziwe ngenxa yokungaqiniseki

Umbono Wezizwe Zonke

Indlela Ezinye Izici Ezisingatha Ngayo Uhlelo Lohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali Oluyidlulayo

Izimiso zokwehlisa isikhashana[ ugwema ukuvinjelwa:

  • Ukhetho oluzenzakalelayo oluvusa ukhetho
  • Izimfuneko zomthetho - sisekelo zokuhamba kwesimiso sokuhlela imali
  • Ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukile kwemibuso
  • Ukuyala abanye ngokuqinile

[[UMTH:0] Izimpawu:[[UMTHOMBO:1]

  • UK: Uhulumeni uyawa uma uhlelo lokuhlela lungaphumeleli
  • IsiJamani: uhlelo lwemali oludlule luyaqhubeka ngokuzenzekelayo
  • Canada: Ukwehluleka kubangela ukuba kungabi khona ukuqiniseka ngevoti
  • Australia: Kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa okuphindwe kabili

Imiphumela Yokusetshenziswa Kwaleli Zwe Lase - United States

Ukucishwa kuthinta ukuma kwaseMelika:

  • Imibuzo Ngokuzinza Kukahulumeni
  • Ukuncishiswa Kwezindaba
  • Ukungaqiniseki Ngezentengiselwano
  • Izinkinga zamazwe ahlangene
  • Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa zomhlaba wonke ziphazamisekile

Ukuhlolisisa Ngokuqhubekayo

[[Umthetho:0] Ngeshumi leminyaka:[[[Umthetho:1]

  • Ngo - 1970: Ukuvalwa kwezinsimbi eziyisithupha (ingqikithi yezinsuku ezingu - 56)
  • Ngo - 1980: Izinsuku ezingu - 20 ziphelele)
  • 1990: Izinsuku ezingu - 3 zokuvala (ingqikithi yezinsuku ezingu - 27)
  • 2000: 0 Ukuvinjelwa
  • 2010: Ingqikithi yezinsuku ezingu - 54
  • Ama - 2020: 0 amapayipi (ukuze kube manje)

Ukuvala igebe lokuzimela (izinsuku ezingu-3): Imisebenzi eminingi, ngokuvamile, iqhelekile i-millings eziphakathi (izinsuku ezingu-16): ukunqamuka kwezombangazwe [[FLT:]] Iziminya ze-opencations (17+ izinsuku): izimpi ezinkulu zemibono

Ukuthambekela kokuvalwa kwezindawo isikhathi eside, okuphazamisa kakhulu kubonisa ukwanda kokuwohloka kwezinhlanga.

Izindlela Zonyaka

: Okwesibili (isiphelo sonyaka we-fistcal) : Izinsuku ezivamile zesikhathi (ukunqunyelwa kwesinqumo) [[FLT:]: Impikiswano evame kakhulu, ngokuvamile ekhethekile,

Izifundo Ezifundiwe

Izifundo Zezombangazwe

[[[I-FLT:0] Ukuhlehla akuvamile ukufinyelela imigomo yenqubo:

  • 1995-96: AmaRepublic awazuzanga lutho
  • 2013: U - ACA akaguqukanga
  • 2018-19: Akukho kuxhaswa kodonga

Isibani esinqamulelayo siyazika:

  • Ngokuvamile, umcimbi wokuhlupha ubekwa icala
  • Ukuwohloka kwezomnotho kubavoti
  • Izisebenzi ezisebenza ngohulumeni ziveza uzwela

Izifundo Ezisebenzayo

[[I-FLT:0] Izimo eziphuthumayo ziye zathuthukisa ukuhlela okulungile:

  • Ukuhlelwa okungcono kwezisebenzi ezibalulekile
  • Izinqubo zokucisha udongo
  • Izimiso zokuxhumana ezithuthukisiwe
  • Fastker ikhono lokuqala kabusha

Izinguquko zetechnology ziphethe:[

  • Ikhono lomsebenzi okude
  • Izimiso zobuchwepheshe ezizuzisayo
  • Izinkonzo ze - Internet ezilindelekile
  • Izindaba zezokuxhumana ziphazamisa izindaba eziphazamisayo

Izikhangiso Zenguquko

Amakhambi Emithetho

[[UMTL:0] Izinqumo eziqhubekayo ezizenzakalelayo:[[[QUL:1]

  • Uhulumeni wezimali wangaphambili ozenzakalelayo
  • Susa usongo lokucisha
  • Azikho izikweletu eziningana ezahlongozwa, azizange zidlule

[[Umthetho:0] Akukho kuHlahlela, Akukho kukhokhela:[[Umthetho:1]

  • Iholo lezinhlangano ezizimele phakathi nokuvinjelwa
  • 27 Izinkinga zeSichibiyelo
  • Ukusekela komphakathi kodwa okungaphumeleli kancane

[[Uhlelo lwemali olungapheli]:[

  • Imijikelezo yeminyaka emibili yokuhlela imali
  • Isikhathi esengeziwe sokuhlela
  • Amaphuzu amancane enhlekelele
  • Isetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ezifundazweni ezingu - 20

Izinguquko Zesayensi

Uphahla lophahla olubonisa isikweletu:

  • Susa isigunyazo esihlukanisayo
  • Phoqa ukudideka ngokuvala
  • Nciphisa amaphuzu enhlekelele

Inqubo yokuhlela uhlelo lokuhlela eqinisekisiwe:

  • Izinsuku ezimisiwe ngaphambili
  • Isigwebo sokulahlekelwa
  • Ukwehla kwesilinganiso sokushintsha
  • Izikhathi ezingokoqobo

Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo

Izici Ezingase Zandise Ukuvaleka

  • Ukuqhubeka Kwezindawo Ezibandayo
  • Imithombo yezindaba ethuthukisa izingxabano
  • Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela evamile njengesu lezombangazwe
  • Izimiso Ezibuthakathaka
  • Izizathu ezishukumisayo zokuxabana

Izici Ezinganciphisa Ukuvaleka

  • Ukukhathala okukhulu ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle
  • Imiphumela engokomnotho iba mibi kakhulu
  • Ukucindezela komphakathi wamabhizinisi
  • Ukushintsha kobuholi kwezizukulwane
  • Izinguquko ezingaba khona zidlula

Isiphetho: Ukunqanda Isimo Sokucimeka

Umlando kahulumeni olawulwayo wembula ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okukhathazayo kokungasetshenziswa kwemali yezobuchwepheshe okuye kwaphucwa izikhali zempi yezombangazwe. Isiqalo sezingxabano zemiqondo ezingavamile siye saphumela ezinkingeni eziphindaphindiwe ezibiza izigidi zezigidi zezigidi, ziphazamisa ukuphila, futhi zilulaza ukubusa kwaseMelika. Ukuvala ama-21 kusukela ngo-1976 kuye kwafundisa izifundo ezicacile: azivamile ukufinyelela imigomo yezimiso, njalo intukuthelo, futhi njalo zilimaza intengo yemali nedumela leMelika.

Ukuvalwa kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngempelasonto kuya ku-35 yezinsuku zika-2018-1919 kusikisela ukuthi inkinga iyaya ikhula, ayithuthuki. Ukuvalwa ngakunye kubeka izimpawu ezenza kube lula ukucabanga ngelandelayo, kudala umjikelezo obhubhisayo onzima ukuwuqeda. Izisebenzi ezingabantu – uhulumeni eziphuthile amashekeshi okukhokhela, amabhizinisi alahlekelwa yimali, izakhamuzi zigodlwa izinkonzo – ziye zathola umonakalo ongokwentengiselwano ezimpini zezombangazwe.

Umlando ubonisa futhi ukuthi kungenzeka izikhathi ezinde ngaphandle kokuvalwa. Igebe leminyaka engu-17 kusukela ngo-1996 kuya ku-2013 lifakazela ukuthi amandla ezombangazwe ahlukene anganqoba. Umbuzo obhekene nedemokrasi yaseMelika uwukuthi singaphinde sibuye sithole inqubo nezinqubo ezenza ukuvinjelwa kube okungadingekile, noma ukuthi sekuyinxenye ehlala njalo kwezombangazwe zethu ezingahleleki.

Ukuqonda lomlando akubalulekile nje ukuvivinya imfundo - akubalulekile ezakhamuzini ezifuna ukunqanda umjikelezo. Ngokuqaphela izindlela, ukufunda ngamaphutha angaphambili, nokufuna okungcono kubaphathi abakhethiwe, amaMelika angalwela izinguquko ezenza ukuba isithakazelo somlando sinciphe kunokuba siphinde sishaye. Izigxobo ziphakeme kakhulu, futhi izindleko zikhulu kakhulu, ukwamukela ukuvinjelwa kukahulumeni njengokuvamile. Umlando ubonisa ukuthi akudingeki zibe khona.

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