Table of Contents

IMapas kaFederalist angenye yamaqoqo anethonya elikhulu kakhulu emibhalo yezombangazwe emlandweni waseMelika. Ibhalwe ngu-Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, noJohn Jay ngaphansi kwegama eliyikhomba-jini eliyikho, "Publius" ukuthuthukisa ukumiswa koMthetho-sisekelo wase-United States, lezindaba zinikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngezimiso zikahulumeni, umthetho, nomklamo womthetho oqhubeka ubumba i-Melika yentando yeningi futhi uthonye umcabango wezombangazwe emhlabeni wonke. Ukuqonda lokho iFederalist Papers esifundisa ngohulumeni nomthetho kudinga ukuhlola hhayi nje kuphela umongo wawo ongoko ongokomlando kodwa futhi nokusebenza kwayo okuhlala njalo ekubusweni kwemibuso yamanje.

Umlando Nemvelaphi Yamaphepha Angonobumba

IMapas kaFederalist Papers iwuchungechunge lwezindaba ezingu - 85 ezabhalwa uAlexander Hamilton, uJohn Jay, noJames Madison phakathi kukaOctober 1787 noMay 1788. Lezizindaba zavela phakathi nenkathi ebucayi emlandweni waseMelika, kulandela iConvention yoMthetho - sisekelo ePhiladelphia eyaphetha ngoSeptember 17, 1787. UMthetho - sisekelo owawusanda kuhlongozwa wabhekana nokuphikiswa okuphawulekayo, ikakhulukazi emazweni amakhulu nanethonya njengeNew York neVirginia.

Eyokuqala engamashumi ayisikhombisa nayisikhombisa yalezi zindaba yakhishwa ngokulandelana kwe Independent Journal, i-New York Packet, ne-Daily Adversitorr phakathi kuka-October 1787 no-April 1788. Ukuphuthuma kwengxoxo yokuhlobanisa kwabangela ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo kwalezindaba, nabalobi abasebenza ngaphansi kwemisebenzi enzima ukuze basabele ekugxekeni nasekunxenxeni izakhamuzi ezingabazanga. Injongo eyinhloko yalezi zincwadi yayiwukwenza izakhamuzi zaseNew York zikholwe ukuba zikhethele izifunda zesifundazwe ezazizosekela uMthetho-Constitution omusha we-United States, futhi izincwadi zanyatheliswa ngokushesha ngezincwadi ngemiqulu emibili yentwasahlobo ka-178.

Abalobi Neminikelo Yabo

Laba babhali abathathu baletha izimo ezihlukene nobuchwepheshe kulomsebenzi. Hamilton wabhala izinombolo 1, 629, 11-13, 15-17, 21-36, 59-61, kanye no-6585; amaMadison, izinombolo 10, 14, 188520, 37-588, no 62-663; noJay, inombolo 2-553 no 64. U-Alexander Hamilton, owasungula lomsebenzi, wanikela ngezihloko eziningi ezinezihloko ezingu-51. UJames Madison wabhala izinkondlo ezingu 29, kuhlanganise nezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zefilosofi. UJohn Jay, kamuva owaba nguMahluleli wokuqala we-United States, wanikela izingxoxo ezinhlanu, ngokuyinhloko, wagxila ezindabeni zakwamanye amazwe nasebuhlotsheni.

Isinqumo sokubhala ngaphansi kwegama-mkhomba-mqoka "umpulus" safeza izinjongo eziningi. Ngesikhathi sokunyatheliswa, abalobi be-Federalist Papers bazama ukufihla ubukhona babo ngenxa kaHamilton noMadison ababekhona emhlanganweni. Lokhu kungaqondakali kwavumela izimpikiswano ukuba zime ngokwabo kunokuba zahlulelwe ngokusekelwe edumeleni labalobi noma ezikhundleni zezombangazwe. Igama elithi "Publius" ngokwalo lakhethwa ngokucophelela, likhombisa uPublius Pripoblius Publius Publius Publibliblibliola, umsunguli weRiphabliki yaseRoma eyaziwa ngezimfanelo zakhe ezinhle ze-Riphabliki.

Injongo Nokuthunywa Kwamaphepha Abahleli Bamazwe

AmaFederalist Paper asebenzisa izinjongo eziningi ezihlangene ezidlulela ngalé kokubuswa kwezombangazwe. Ezingeni lawo elishesha kakhulu, ayehlose ukuvikela ukumiswa koMthetho-sisekelo eNew York, umbuso lapho ukuphikiswa kwakunamandla kakhulu khona. Nokho, lezi zincwadi futhi zasebenza njengezincazelo ezibanzi zezimiso zomthetho-sisekelo, iziphetho zokumelana nokugxeka okuthile, kanye nezinkulumo zefilosofi ezimayelana nokwakheka kukahulumeni wezwe elinobuzwe.

Ukusingatha Ubuthakathaka Bezihloko Zokuvumelana

Hamilton, Jay noMadison baphikisa ngokuthi ukubekwa kwegunya ngaphansi kweZihlokwana zoMhlangano kwavimbela isizwe esisha ukuba sibe namandla anele okuncintisana nezwe noma ukuqeda iziphendu zangaphakathi ezinjenge-Shays's Region. Izihloko zeConfederation, incwadi yokuqala ebusayo yaseMelika, zasungula ukuhlangana okukhululekile kwemibuso nohulumeni obuthakathaka onamandla okulawula intela, ukulawula ibhizinisi ngokuphumelelayo, noma ukuphoqelela izinqumo zayo.

Amaphepha kaFederal anikeza uqhekeko lwabalimi abanecala ngo 1786-87 entshonalanga yeMassachusetts − uVukele lukaShays (njengesibonakaliso sale nkinga ebanzi. Lokhu kuvukela kwabonisa ukuhluleka kwesakhiwo sikahulumeni samanje ukugcina ukuhleleka nokuvikela amalungelo empahla, ukunikeza izimpikiswano ukuphuthuma kwesimiso sikahulumeni esiqinile.

Ukuthonya Umphakathi Ongaqiniseki

Abalobi babhekana nomsebenzi oyinselele wezakhamuzi ezikholisayo ezazisanda kulwa nenguquko emelene negunya elisenkabeni yokwamukela uhulumeni omusha, onamandla kakhulu. Impikiswano phakathi "kwabezedelist," eyathanda ukuhlawuliswa koMthetho-sisekelo njengoba kulotshiwe, "nabaphi nabalandeli bomthetho-sisekelo," ababemelene noMthetho-sisekelo futhi benqaba ukunikeza uhulumeni wezwe amandla anamandla, yayinamandla kakhulu eNew York, lapho ukuphikisa uMthetho-sisekelo kwakunamandla kakhulu khona.

Abamelene nempi baphakamisa ukukhathazeka okungokomthetho mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka kungabi khona ubushiqela, ukungabi namthetho wamalungelo, nengozi yokuthi uhulumeni wezwe okude ubengeke usabelele ezidingweni nasezinkathazweni zendawo. IFederalist Papers yaxoxa ngokuhlelekile ngalokhu kuphikisa kuyilapho yenza isimo esihle ngohlelo lomthetho - sisekelo oluhlongozwayo.

Izimiso Zikahulumeni Ezisemaphephani Ohulumeni

I - Federalist Papers ichaza izimiso eziningana eziyisisekelo zikahulumeni eseziyizisekelo zemfundiso nomthetho - sisekelo waseMelika.

Ukuhlukana Kwamandla

Esinye sezimiso zikahulumeni ezibaluleke kakhulu ezichazwe kuyiFederalist Papers ukwahlukana kwemibuso phakathi kwamagatsha amathathu ahlukene kahulumeni: ukushaya umthetho, ukuphatha, nokwahlulela. Lesici sakhiwe saklanyelwa ukuvimbela ukugxiliswa kwamandla kunoma isiphi isigungu noma umuntu, ngaleyondlela sivikela inkululeko nokuvimbela ubushiqela.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwemfundiso yemibuso kuqaphela ukuthi imisebenzi kahulumeni ehlukene idinga izici ezihlukene. Igatsha lomthetho, elisondelene nabantu ngokhetho oluvamile, linamandla okwenza imithetho. Igatsha eliphethe, elidinga amandla nokunquma, limisa leyomithetho. Igatsha lokwahlulela, lidinga ukuzibusa nobuchwepheshe, lichaza imithetho futhi lixazulule izingxabano.

Hamilton waphetha izindaba zomphakathi ngezihloko ezingu - 21 ezihlola imibuso eyayiphethwe amagatsha amathathu kahulumeni — − isikhulu esiphethe nesikhulu sokwahlulela. lezizindaba zanikeza izincazelo eziningiliziwe zendlela igatsha ngalinye elizosebenza ngayo nokuthi kungani ukusakazwa kwemibuso okuhlongozwayo kwakunengqondo ngeRepublic entsha.

Amasheke Nokulinganisela

Okuhlobene eduze nokuhlukaniswa kwemibuso isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela, esiqinisekisa ukuthi igatsha ngalinye likahulumeni linamandla okulinganisela izenzo zamanye. Lesi simiso siyaqaphela ukuthi ukuhlukanisa nje amandla akwanele; amagatsha kumelwe futhi abe nezindlela nezisusa zokumelana nokungenela egunyeni lawo.

Umhleli kaMadison no-39 no-51 baveza izimiso eziyisisekelo zombuso wombuso kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwemibuso, neziphetho nezilinganiso ezidingekile eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela ubushiqela. U-Federal No. 51, owabhalwa nguMadison, uqukethe ezinye zeziyalezo ezikhumbuleka kakhulu zalesimiso. uMadison wabhala ngokungenakugudluzwa kuFederal 51: "Uma abantu bebeyizingelosi, akukho hulumeni obengeke ube odingekile".

Isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela sisebenza emazingeni amaningi. UMkhandlu ungamisa imithetho, kodwa uMongameli angayidlulisa, futhi uMkhandlu ungayinqoba ngemisebenzi emikhulu. UMongameli umisa amajaji nezikhulu eziphethe, kodwa iSigele kumelwe siqinise. I-jaji lingamisa imithetho engekho emthethweni, kodwa i-Congress kanye nemibuso kungawuqeda uMthetho-sisekelo. Lolu hlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokulinganiselwa okuhlangene ludala isilinganiso esinamandla esivikela inkululeko kuyilapho sisenza sikwazi ukubusa ngokuphumelela.

Ubumbano Nokuhlukana Kwemibuso

AmaFederalist Paper avikela isimiso sikahulumeni lapho amandla ehlukaniswa khona phakathi kukahulumeni wesizwe nohulumeni bezwe. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa okungathí sina kwemibuso kuphelelisa ukuhlukaniswa okuqondile phakathi kwamagatsha amathathu, kwakha ezinye izivikelo zenkululeko nokubusa ngezikali ezifanelekile.

Abalobi bamaphephandaba eFederalist baphikisa ngokwanda "kwempi" kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni ukuba babhekane nenhlekelele, kodwa amandla kahulumeni wezwe akhulisiwe kuyodingeka asekelwe ezimisweni ze-rpablic futhi agcine ukusakaza amandla kukahulumeni. Lezi zincwadi zachaza ngokucophelela ukuthi yimiphi imibuso eyakuba sekahulumeni wezwe futhi eyohlala kuhulumeni, ziphikisa ngokuthi le ngxenye iyolondoloza ubukhosi kuyilapho yenza isizwe sikwazi ukuxazulula izinselele zesizwe.

Isakhiwo sikahulumeni sifeza izinjongo eziningi. Sivumela ukuhlola nokuhlukahluka kwezimiso ezihlanganisa amazwe ahlukene. Sigcina uhulumeni eseduze kakhulu nabantu ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi eminingi. Kunikeza ukuhlola okwengeziwe ngamandla ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ohulumeni bezwe noma bombuso bangathatha isinyathelo ngaphandle kokucindezelwa. Futhi yenza isizwe sikwazi ukukhuluma ngezwi elilodwa ezindabeni ezikhathaza isizwe kuyilapho ngokuqondene nokubaluleka kwendawo ezindabeni ezibaluleke kakhulu zendawo.

UbuRepublic Nohulumeni Omelelayo

AmaFederalist Papers enza icala elinamandla kuhulumeni weRepublic − libuswa abameleli abakhethiwe kunokuba baqondise intando yeningi. Abalobi bahlukanisa phakathi kwentando yeningi emsulwa, lapho izakhamuzi zenza khona ngokuqondile zonke izinqumo, neriphabliki, lapho izakhamuzi zikhetha khona abameleli ukuba benze izinqumo ngenxa yazo.

Hamilton, uJay noMadison basebenzisa izintatheli zomphakathi ukuze bachaze amalungiselelo ayinhloko oMthetho-sisekelo ohlongozwayo, kanye nesimo sohlobo lukahulumeni werpublic. Baphikisa ngokuthi uhulumeni omelelayo uyohlunga umbono womphakathi ngokuhlakanipha nokucubungula kwezikhulu ezikhethiwe, kuveze imiphumela engcono kunezimiso eziqondise ukubusa ngentando yeningi kuyilapho kusalokhu kugcinwa ubukhosi obuthandwayo.

Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi uhulumeni werepublic ungasebenza kuphela emasimini amancane lapho izakhamuzi zazinawo futhi zingahlanganyela ngokuqondile ekubuseni. I - Federalist Papers yabekela lokhu inselele, iveza ukuthi empeleni irepublic enkulu ingazinza futhi ivikele inkululeko kunencane.

Umlando Ophakeme No. 10: Inkinga Yeqiniso

Phakathi kwawo wonke amaFederalist Papers, No. 10 mhlawumbe avelele njenganethonya elikhulu nefilosofi.

Ukuqonda Amaqiniso

Umbhali wezincwadi ezizimele No. 10 owabhalwa uJames Madison ukhuluma ngenkinga yamaqembu nendlela irepublic enkulu enganciphisa ngayo imiphumela yawo ngokululaza ithonya lawo.

Madison waqaphela ukuthi amaqembu asuka esimweni senkululeko yomuntu ngokwaso. Abantu banemibono ehlukene, izithakazelo ezihlukene, nezinga elihlukene lempahla. Lokhu kungafani kuholela ekwakhekeni kwamaqembu athanda ukuncintisana. Ukuzama ukuqeda amaqembu ngokucindezela inkululeko kungaba kubi kakhulu kunesifo, njengoba inkululeko ibalulekile ekuphileni kwezombangazwe. Ngakho - ke, inselele ayikona ukuqeda amaqembu kodwa ukulawula imiphumela yawo.

Ikhambi Elengeziwe LeRepublic

Ku-"Federalist 10," uMadison wenqaba inkolelo evamile ngalesosikhathi yokuthi uhulumeni weRepublic wakwazi ukufezeka kuphela ezindaweni ezincane, ephikisa ngokuthi ukuzinza, inkululeko, nobulungisa kungafinyelelwa endaweni enkulu enabantu abaningi abahlukene. Lempikiswano yabubekela inselele ngokuqondile ukuhlakanipha okuvamile kwangaleso sikhathi, okwakuthi amarepublic angahlala emiphakathini emincane, ye-Diane.

Umqondo kaMadison wawuwubuhlakani. ERepublic encane, i-conobyt eyodwa ingaba yingcungela futhi isebenzise amandla ayo ukucindezela amaphakethe amancane. Nokho, eriphabliki enkulu, enwebeni, ukuhlukahluka kwezithakazelo kwenza kube nzima kakhulu nganoma iliphi iqembu ukuba lilawule iningi. Njengoba kunamaqembu amaningi ancintisanayo ukuze athonye, izivumelwano kumelwe zakhiwe ngokuhlehla nokuhlala, ukuvikela amalungelo amancane nokuthuthukisa okuhle okufanayo.

UMadison wasikisela ukuthi irepublic enkulu ingalinganisela kalula ngokwengeziwe izithakazelo ezincintisanayo zamaqembu noma amaqembu ahlukahlukene (noma amaqembu ezombangazwe) akuyo. Lokhu kuqonda kuye kwabonakala kuhlala isikhathi eside ngokuphawulekayo, kuthonya ukucabanga ngokubusa kwentando yeningi ngaphezu komongo waseMelika.

Indima Yokumelela

Nakuba ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengokuhlasela umthetho weningi, lendaba empeleni ivikela kokubili ukushisekela umphakathi, izomnotho, nempucuko kanye neqembu labantu elihlanganiswa ngokuvumelana nokuvumelana.

Isimiso sabameleli sisebenza njengesembozo, sikhetha abantu abathambekele kakhulu ekubeni nezimfanelo ezidingekayo ukuze balawule kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, irepublic ebanzi iqinisekisa ukuthi abameleli kumelwe bakhange abameleli abahlukahlukene, bavimbele noma isiphi isithakazelo esincane ekubuseni inqubo yezombangazwe.

Umhleli Wezikhungo No. 51: Isakhiwo Sikahulumeni

Umhleli wezwe No. 51, owabhalwa futhi nguMadison, uphelelisa uNo. 10 ngokuchaza indlela isakhiwo sikahulumeni ngokwaso esivikela ngayo ebushiqelani.

Isifiso Sokumelana Nesifiso Sokufuna Imali

Ukuqonda okuyinhloko kukaFederal List No. 51 kuwukuthi izifiso zomuntu siqu zabaphathi zingasetshenziswa ukuze kuvikelwe isakhiwo somthetho-sisekelo. UMadison waphikisa ngokuthi igatsha ngalinye likahulumeni kumelwe libe nezindlela kanye nesisusa sokumelana nokungezwa amanye amagatsha. Ngokunikeza igatsha ngalinye igunya phezu kwamanye futhi wenze ngamunye ancike ezikhundleni ezihlukene, uMthetho-sisekelo uqinisekisa ukuthi abezombangazwe abahahayo bazovikela imibuso yabo.

Lombono ongokoqobo ngobuntu uyavuma ukuthi asinakuthembela ebuhleni kuphela ukuze silondoloze uhulumeni womthetho-sisekelo. Kunalokho, inqubo kumelwe isebenze ngemvelo yomuntu njengoba kunjalo, ukusebenzisa izifiso kanye nokuzithakazelela okungase kusongele inkululeko ukuyivikela esikhundleni salokho. Isimiso sicabanga ukuthi abantu bazothatha isinyathelo ngesithakazelo sabo siqu nangezinhlangano ukuze ukuziphatha okuzizuzisayo kuveze imiphumela emihle emphakathini.

Ukulondeka Okumbaxa - mbili Kwamalungelo

Federalist No. 51 ichaza futhi indlela uhulumeni onikeza ngayo isivikelo esengeziwe samalungelo abantu. UMadison waphikisa ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kombuso phakathi kohulumeni besizwe nohulumeni kudala "ukulondeka okuphindwe kabili" kwamalungelo abantu. Akuyona nje kuphela abenzi bamandla okufuna okunqoba amasheke nezilinganiso eziphakathi kwesigaba ngasinye sikahulumeni, kodwa futhi kumelwe balwe nokuhlukana kwamandla phakathi kwamazinga.

Lesi simiso serepublic esihlanganisa izinhlangano senza kube nzima kakhulu nganoma yiliphi iqembu noma isithakazelo sokuthola ukulawula wonke amandla adingekayo ukuze kusongelwa inkululeko. Ukuthakazelelwa kwezithakazelo eziningi eriphabliki ebanzi kuhlangana nokunqwabelana kwezinhlangano eziningi esimisweni sikahulumeni ukuze kwakhiwe isivikelo esiqinile samalungelo abantu ngabanye nezithakazelo ezimbalwa.

Umbangi Wezomthetho No. 78: Ukubukezwa Kwegatsha Nokwahlulela

U-Alexander Hamilton's Federal List No. 78 ukhuluma negatsha lokwahlulela, abaningi abalibheka njengegatsha likahulumeni elibuthakathaka neliyingozi kakhulu. U-Federal No. 78 uchaza indima yejaji nokubaluleka kokubukezwa kokwahlulela. Lendaba yabeka isisekelo sesinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo waseMelika: amandla ezinkantolo okumemezela imithetho engekho ngokwemithetho.

Igatsha Lesilwane Liyingozi

Hamilton waphikisa ngokuthi igatsha lokwahlulela laliyoba igatsha eliyingozi kakhulu ngoba alinawo amandla esikhwama semali (njengendlu yomthetho) noma amandla enkemba (njengesikhulu). Ijaji linesahlulelo kuphela, futhi kumelwe lincike kwamanye amagatsha ukuze liqinise izinqumo zalo. Lokhu buthakathaka, uHamilton wasikisela, kwenza kube baluleke kakhulu ukunikeza abahluleli ukuphila nesivikelo seholo, kubavikele ekucindezeleni kwezombangazwe.

Isisekelo Sokubukeza Kokwahlulela

KuFederal List No. 78 Hamilton ngokukholisayo ubeka isisekelo semfundiso yokubukezwa kokwahlulela yizinkantolo zikahulumeni. Hamilton waphikisa ngokuthi uMthetho-sisekelo ungumthetho oyisisekelo omiswe abantu, futhi umthetho ovamile awunakuwulawula. Uma umthetho ungqubuzana noMthetho-sisekelo, abahluleli kumelwe bakhethe uMthetho-sisekelo njengomthetho ophakeme.

Lamandla okuhlola kokwahlulela awamenzi umbusi ophakeme kunomthetho womthetho, uHamilton waphikisa, kodwa kunalokho awenza bobabili babe ngaphansi kwabantu abamisa uMthetho-sisekelo. Abahluleli abamisi intando yabo kodwa kunalokho bamisa intando yabantu njengoba iboniswe emthethweni oyisisekelo. Le mpikiswano yanikeza isisekelo esicacisiwe sokugcizelela kweNkantolo Ephakeme amandla okwahlulela eMarbury v. Madison ngo-1803.

Ukuzibusa Nokuzitika

UHamilton wagcizelela futhi ukubaluleka kokuzimela kokwahlulela nobuchwepheshe. Ubunkimbinkimbi bomthetho budinga abahluleli abanolwazi olukhethekile nokuhlangenwe nakho. Ukuphila kuvumela abahluleli ukuba bathuthukise lobubuchwepheshe futhi benze izinqumo ezisekelwe emthethweni kunokuba zisekelwe ekufuneni inzuzo engokombangazwe.

Ezinye Izinkulumo Nezihloko Eziphawulekayo

Nakuba uSoftware Wezobumba uNos. 10, 51, no - 78 benakwa kakhulu, ezinye izindaba eziningi ezisebhokisini leqoqo zikhuluma ngezici ezibalulekile zikahulumeni nomthetho eziqhubeka zithonya ukucabanga komthetho - sisekelo.

Isidingo Sokuhlanganiswa

Federalist Nos. 1-14 uphikisa ngokuthi ukusinda kwe-Union kuxhomeke kuhulumeni onamandla ophethe ukuxazulula izindaba ezinjengokuzivikela, ezentengiselwano, kanye nobudlelwane bamazwe ahlukene. Lezizimhlokwana zokuqala zenza isimo sokuthi amazwe awanakuzisingatha ngokuphumelelayo izinselele zeqembu ngaphandle kukahulumeni wezwe onamandla. Zixoxa ngezingozi zethonya lamanye amazwe, izinzuzo zesimiso sezentengiselwano, nezingozi zengxabano phakathi kwemibuso.

Amandla Omkhandlu

Ngemva kokugcizelela ubuthakathaka bukahulumeni omkhulu ekuqikelweni komthetho ngaphansi kweZihlokwana zeNhloko 21-22 kuFederal, uHamilton ijuba lilwelwe ngokubanzi uMthetho-sisekelo ohlongozwayo ezindabeni ezingu - 14 ezilandelayo, linikeza abayisikhombisa bazo ukubaluleka kwamandla kahulumeni okukhokha intela. Lezi zindaba zichaza ukuthi kungani uhulumeni wezwe edinga imithombo yemali ezimele nendlela amandla okukhokha intela angasetshenziswa ngayo ngendlela ehloniphekile.

Igatsha Eliphethe

Umqondisi wesikhulu esisodwa (uBuphathi) uvikela isidingo sokuqinisekisa ukulandisa nokubusa okuphumelelayo. Hamilton waphikisana neziphakamiso zesikhulu somphakathi noma umkhandlu omkhulu, ephikisa ukuthi ubunye kumphathi bubalulekile ukuze kube namandla, ukulandisa, nokuqondisa okuphumelelayo. Isikhulu esisodwa singasebenza ngokunquma nangokufihla okudingekayo ngezinye izikhathi ukuze silawule ngokuphumelelayo, kuyilapho sihlala silandisa kubantu ngokhetho.

Ukuphikiswa: Ukukhathazeka Ngezifo

Ukuze sikuqonde ngokugcwele lokho okufundiswa amaPhepha angohulumeni nomthetho, kumelwe sicabangele futhi ukukhathazeka ababekusingatha. Abalweli bempi baveza izimpikiswano ezibalulekile ezathonya lempikiswano futhi ekugcineni zaholela ekuthatheni iBhili Lamalungelo.

Ukuvinjelwa Kwencwadi Yamalungelo

AmaPapers (Ngokuqondile uFederal Federal No. 84) aphawuleka ngokuphikisa kwawo lokho kamuva okwaba yi-United States Bill of Rights, njengoba uMthetho-sisekelo, njengoba kulotshiwe, awawabalanga ngokuqondile noma avikele amalungelo abantu. Hamilton waphikisa ngokuthi umthetho wamalungelo wawungadingekile ngoba uMthetho-sisekelo wawunikeza uhulumeni kuphela amandla aqondile, alinganiselwe, ushiyela yonke eminye imibuso namalungelo emibuso nabantu.

Lempikiswano ekugcineni yabonakala ingakholisanga kumaMelika amaningi, futhi isithembiso sokuhlanganisa imvume yamalungelo saba ibaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozeni ukuncishiswa kwemifantu ezindaweni eziningana. Izinguquko zokuqala eziyishumi, ezibunjwe kakhulu uMadison, zagunyazwa ngo-1791, zakhuluma ngokukhathazeka komthetho-Anti-Federalist ngesikhathi kugcinwa isakhiwo somthetho sisekelo esiyisisekelo esivikelelwa kumaFederalist Paper.

Ukukhathazeka Ngamandla Aphakathi

Izazi zokulwa nombuso zikhathazekile ngokuthi uMthetho-sisekelo ohlongozwayo wawuzodala uhulumeni wesizwe onamandla kakhulu futhi oqhele kakhulu kubantu. Babesaba ukuthi ohulumeni bakahulumeni bamazwe babezoncishiswa bangasasebenzi futhi inkululeko yendawo isongelwe. I-Federalist Papers yaphendula ngokuchaza indlela uhulumeni owawuzolondoloza ngayo amandla kahulumeni kuyilapho uyokwenza ukubusa kwesizwe kuphumelele, nendlela isimiso sokubumelela esasiyogcina ngayo uhulumeni usabela kubantu.

Ukubusa Okunamandla Nokuhlanganyela Ngokwentando Yeningi

Ngokombono wababhali, abalimi nezingcweti abaqala ukulawula eMelika ngemva kokuziphendukela kwemvelo babebonakala bengenandaba nezithakazelo ezilinganiselwe zezomnotho nezesifunda ukuba bafeze okuhle komphakathi, futhi okwakukhathaza ngokukhethekile kwakuyinqumo yemithetho kahulumeni yezimali zabaxhasi becala nemithetho yemali yephepha eyayisongela amalungelo empahla yabakweletwayo. Lombono wabonisa ukukhathazeka kwabameleli bezwe ukuthi babebonani njengedemokrasi ephakeme ezindlini zombuso.

Ezinye izazi ziveza iphimbo lobuphekula nokuthambekela kokuthatha indiva ukuthatha isinyathelo ngentando yeningi, okubonisa ukungaqiniseki kwabahleli besimiso esizimele sombuso wentando yeningi. Lokhu kuphikisana phakathi kokuthatha isinyathelo sentando yeningi nokubusa okuphumelelayo kulokhu kuyindaba yempikiswano emfundisweni yomthetho-sisekelo.

Ithonya Nefa Lamaphepha Abahleli

Ithonya elisheshayo le-Federalist Papers ekwandiseni liphikiswa izazi - mlando. Umhlangano waseNew York wahlangana ePoughtestie ngoJune 1788 nangoJuly 26 wavota ngokuvuna ukuhlanjululwa okuncane okungu-30 kuya ku-27, kuyilapho lezi zincwadi ngokuqinisekile zaba nengxenye kulomphumela, ezinye izici zihlanganisa iqiniso lokuthi amanye amazwe ayesegunyaziwe − nawo afeza izindima ezibalulekile.

Ukuchaza Umthetho - sisekelo Okugunyaziwe

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka, amaFederalist Paper avelela njengezincazelo ezinegunya zoMthetho-sisekelo, umahluleli weNkantolo Ephakeme uJohn Marshall ezicaphuna emacaleni aphawula izenzakalo ezinjengoMarbury v. Madison (1803) noMcCulloch v. Maryland (1819). Lokhu kwamisa indlela eqhubeka kuze kube namuhla, lapho izinkantolo zithintana njalo ne-Federalist Papers ukuze ziqonde incazelo yokuqala nenjongo yemikhankaso yomthetho.

Namuhla, lezi zindaba zivame ukushiwo emthethweni wezomthetho - sisekelo nasemicabangweni yezombangazwe, futhi amaPhepha angokomthetho asebalulekile kunoma ubani ofunda uMthetho - sisekelo noma ifilosofi yezombangazwe yaseMelika. Zinikeza ukuqonda okuyingqayizivele kokucabanga kwabenzi bezithombe nezimpikiswano ezathonya uMthetho - sisekelo.

Umsebenzi Ovelele Wefilosofi Yezombangazwe

Lezi zindaba zihlanganisa ukuhlakanipha okuwusizo kwezombangazwe nokucabanga okuyinkimbinkimbi kwefilosofi, kuphendula imibuzo engaphelelwa isikhathi ngokuphathelene namandla, inkululeko, nokubusa.

Naphezu kokugxekwa, amaFederalist Paper agujwa njengobuciko bokumiswa kwezimiso zikahulumeni wama - republic.

Izimfune Zomthetho Wanamuhla Nohulumeni

Izimiso ezihlelwe kahle kuyi - Federalist Papers ziyaqhubeka zithonya izimiso zomthetho zanamuhla nezimpikiswano zezombangazwe. izimfundiso zazo zisebalulekile ezinkingeni zanamuhla zokubusa, ngisho nasezimweni ezikude kakhulu kusukela esikhathini sokusungulwa.

Ukuchazwa Komthetho - sisekelo

Amaphaphu e-Federalist afeza indima ebalulekile ezimpikiswaneni eziphathelene nokuchazwa komthetho-sisekelo. Abaqondisi bemibhalo bavame ukuwacaphuna njengobufakazi bencazelo yokuqala yomphakathi yamalungiselelo omthetho-sisekelo. Ngisho nalabo abakhetha ukugcinwa komthetho-sisekelo ophilayo bayavuma ukubaluleka kokuqonda izinhloso zabahleli bomthetho-sisekelo nezinkinga ababezama ukuzixazulula.

Izinkantolo kuzo zonke amazinga zihlola amaPaper lapho zichaza amalungiselelo omthetho - sisekelo. Lezi zindaba zinikeza umongo wokuqonda ulimi oludidayo, ukuqonda izinjongo ezisekelwe emalungiselelweni akhethekile, nobufakazi bokuthi abafundi abanolwazi ngesikhathi sokudilizwa babeyowuqonda kanjani uMthetho - sisekelo. Lokhu kubenza babe nemithombo eyigugu kubahluleli, abameli, nezazi ezihileleke ekuhlaziyweni komthetho - sisekelo.

Ukuhlukana Kwamandla Esetshenziswa

Ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso nokuhlola nokulinganisela okuchazwe kuyiFederalist Papers kuyaqhubeka kuhlela uhulumeni waseMelika nokubangela izingxabano ezingokomthetho nezezombangazwe. Imibuzo ephathelene namandla okulawula, igunya lomthetho, nokuzibusa kokwahlulela iphakama njalo, futhi amaFederali ePaper anikeza uhlelo lokuhlaziya lemibuzo.

Izimpikiswano zanamuhla eziphathelene namandla obumongameli, ukuqondisa kwenhlangano, nokuthatha isinyathelo sokwahlulela konke kuhlanganisa izimiso okuxoxwe ngazo kuyiFederalist Papers. Lezizinkulumo zisikhumbuza ukuthi ukwehlukana kwemibuso akuyona nje indaba yemithetho engokomthetho engokomthetho kodwa futhi kuxhomeke ekuzimiseleni kwegatsha ngalinye ukuvikela amalungelo alo nokumelana nokugxambukela kwabanye.

Umphakathi Nombuso Wendawo

Isakhiwo sikahulumeni esivikelwe kuyiFederalist Papers sisalokhu siyisici esichazayo sikahulumeni waseMelika, nakuba ukulinganisela phakathi kwamandla esizwe nawombuso kuye kwashintsha ngokuphawulekayo kusukela ekusungulweni. izinkulumo - mpikiswano zeContemporary ngokuphathelene nemithetho kahulumeni, ubukhosi bombuso, kanye nezinga elifanele lamandla esizwe zivumelana nezimpikiswano eziye zavezwa kuyiFederalist Papers.

Izihloko ezisukela esimisweni sokunakekela impilo kuya ekuqondiseni indawo ezungezile kuya ekulungiseni umthetho owephula umthetho ohilela imibuzo kahulumeni. iFederalist Papers inikeza uhlelo lokucabanga ukuthi yiliphi izinga likahulumeni elifaneleka kangcono ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile nokuthi ungazilondoloza kanjani izinzuzo zombuso kuyilapho unikeza ukubusa okuphumelelayo.

Ukuvikela Amalungelo Abantu Ngabodwa

Nakuba amaFederalist Paper ekuqaleni ayemelene nencwadi engokomthetho yamalungelo, izimpikiswano zawo ngohulumeni olinganiselwe nezimiso zokuvikela inkululeko zisanethonya. Lezi zindaba zifundisa ukuthi amalungelo abantu awavikelwa nje kuphela ngesiqinisekiso esicacile kodwa futhi nangesimiso sikahulumeni ngokwawo. Ukwahlukana kwemibuso, ukuhlola nokulinganisela, kanye nohulumeni konke kusiza ekulinganiseleni amandla kahulumeni futhi kuvikele inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye.

Inkululeko yanamuhla yokuvikela inkululeko yangaphakathi ibonisa ukuthi le nkululeko iwukuqonda isivikelo samalungelo. Izinkantolo ziyaqaphela ukuthi uMthetho - sisekelo uvikela inkululeko ngokuqinisekisa okucacile nokulinganiselwa okusobala kwamandla kahulumeni. IFederalist Papers isisiza ukuba siqonde indlela lezi sivikelo ezihlukene ezisebenza ngayo ndawonye ukuze kuvikelwe amalungelo abantu ngabanye.

Inselele Yokusabela Kwezombangazwe Zanamuhla

Ukuhlaziywa kweqembu likaMadison kuFederal List No. 10 kusalokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kwezombangazwe zamanje. Nakuba amaqembu athile eshintshwe, inselele eyinhloko yokuvimbela izithakazelo ezilinganiselwe ekulawuleni inqubo yezombangazwe isaqhubeka. Izinkinga zanamuhla ngokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo, ithonya elikhethekile, kanye ne-projekthi ye-octrock zihlangene nenkinga yamaqiniso achazwa nguMadison.

Ibhungane leRepublic elinwetshiwe elahlongozwa uMadison ngo------ukusebenzisa ubukhulu nokwehlukahluka ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yiliphi icebo elilodwa ekulawuleni, liyaqhubeka lisebenza kwezombangazwe zaseMelika, nakuba kungenjalo liphumelela ngendlela abakhi be-fream ababeyithemba. Ukuqonda ukuhlolwa kukaMadison kusisiza ukuba sicabange ngezinguquko ezingase zilawule kangcono imiphumela yeqiniso kuyilapho zilondoloza inkululeko nokubusa kwentando yeningi.

Uhulumeni WaseRepublic Nomfanekiso

Isivikelo sikahulumeni ongummeleli wentando yeningi sisalokhu sibalulekile enkathini yokuxhumana okusheshayo nezokuxhumana. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe buye benza ukuba ukuhlanganyela ngokuqondile kube lula kunaleyo abakhi be-freast, izimpikiswano zokuhluza umbono womphakathi ngezinhlangano ezimelelayo zibambe ithonya.

Izimpikiswano zangesikhathi esidlule eziphathelene nokubusa kwempova, ubuchwepheshe ekubuseni, nendima yokucabanga ekwenzeni izinqumo zentando yeningi kuhlanganisa zonke izimiso ezixoxwe kuyiFederalist Papers. Lezizindaba zisikhumbuza ukuthi idemokrasi ayidingi nje ukuhlanganyela okuthandwayo kodwa futhi nezakhiwo zezinhlangano ezikhuthaza ukucabangisisa, ukuhlehla, nokunaka kokuhle okuvamile.

Ithonya Lomhlaba Wonke Nemibono Eqhathaniswa

Ithonya le-Federalist Papers lidlulela ngalé kwe-United States. Abaklami boMthetho-sisekelo emhlabeni wonke baye bahlola lezindaba futhi badwetshwa ekuqondeni kwabo lapho besungula izimiso ezintsha zikahulumeni. Izimiso zokuhlukanisa imibuso, ukuhlola nokulinganisela, uhulumeni, nokuhlola kokwahlulela ziye zathathwa, kanye nokwehlukahluka, kwamanye amazwe amaningi.

AmaPhepha e-Federalist abonisa indlela umklamo wokuhlela ngokucophelela ongaxazulula ngayo izinselele eziyisisekelo zokubusa. Abonisa indlela yokulinganisela izindinganiso ezincintisanayo njengenkululeko nokuhleleka, ukubusa ngentando yeningi nokuzinza, ubunye besizwe nokuzibusa kwendawo yonke. Lezinselele zikhona emhlabeni wonke, okwenza amaPhepha ahleleke ngomthetho - sisekelo noma kumuphi umongo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlola okuqhathanisayo kwembula indlela ehlukile yaseMelika evikelelwe kuyi-Federalist Papers. Ezinye idemocracy ziye zasebenzisa amakhambi ahlukene ezinkingeni ezifanayo − ezimisweni zokuzihlela esikhundleni sezimiso zobumongameli, ohulumeni abahlanganisayo esikhundleni sezimiso zikahulumeni, izindlela ezihlukene zokuhlola ukwahlulela. Ukuqhathanisa lezi ezinye izindlela kusisiza ukuba siqonde kokubili amandla nokulinganiselwa komthetho sisekelo waseMelika.

Imibono Ebucayi Nokulinganiselwa

Nakuba amaPhepha angohulumeni egujwa ngokufanelekile njengemisebenzi ephambili yemiqondo yezombangazwe, nawo anemingcele kanye nezindawo ezingabonakali ezifanelwe ukuqashelwa.

Ukuzikhukhumeza Nokungalingani

AmaPaper abhalwa ngengxenye encane yomphakathi waseMelika. Bathatha ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela kwabesifazane, abantu abagqilazwayo, namaMelika Omdabu kwezombangazwe. Nakuba isimiso somthetho sisekelo esisivikelayo siye sabonakala sivumelana ngokwaneleyo ukuze sikwazi ukubekezelela ukufakwa okwengeziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umbono wokuqala wawulinganiselwe kakhulu kunemibono yanamuhla elawulwa ngentando yeningi.

Izindaba zibonisa futhi izithakazelo zezomnotho nemibono yabangcono. Ukukhathalela kwabo umthetho onecala nemithetho yemali ebhaliwe kwembula ukukhathalela kakhulu amalungelo empahla ngezinye izikhathi okudlula ukukhathalela ubulungisa bezomnotho noma inhlalakahle yabampofu.

Ukuthuthuka Kwezidili Zezombangazwe

Amaphaphu e-Federalist, ikakhulukazi uNo. 10, bheka i-conodian njengenkinga okumelwe ilawulwe kunengxenye ezuzisayo yezombangazwe zentando yeningi. Abahleli abazange babheke ukusungulwa kwamaqembu ezombangazwe ahleliwe njengezici ezihlala njalo zezwe lezombangazwe. Isayensi yezombangazwe yanamuhla iyaqaphela ukuthi amaqembu angafeza imisebenzi ebalulekile ekuhleleni ukuncintisana kwezombangazwe, ukulahla izithakazelo, nokunikeza ukulandisa ngentando yeningi.

Isimiso somthetho-sisekelo esivikelwe kuyi-Federalist Papers kuye kwadingeka ukuba sibhekane neqiniso lezombangazwe zeqembu, ngezinye izikhathi ngobunzima. Ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso kungaveza i-robock lapho amaqembu ahlukene elawula amagatsha ahlukene. I republic ende ayikuvimbelanga ukumiswa kwamaqembu amabili avelele avame ukuhlukanisa kunokuba ahlukane nempi elinganiselwe yezombangazwe. Le miphumela isikisela ukulinganiselwa ekuhlaziyweni kwamalungu esigaba nomncintiswano wezombangazwe.

Ukukhula Kwamandla Kahulumeni

IFederalist Papers yavikela uhulumeni kahulumeni onamandla amakhulu kakhulu kunangaphansi kweZiphakamiso zeConfederation, kodwa isenamandla alinganiselwe nanezinombolo. Ukuthuthuka kwangempela kukahulumeni waseMelika kuye kwabona amandla kahulumeni enyuka ngaphezu kwalokho abakhiqizi bezakhiwo ababekucabanga, beqhutshwa izici ezinjengezemisebenzi, impi, inhlekelele yezomnotho, kanye namathemba ezenhlalo ashintshayo.

Lokhu kwanda kombuso kahulumeni kuphakamisa imibuzo yokuthi isivikelo sokwakha esichazwe kuyiFederalist Papers sisanele yini. Uma imishini kahulumeni wezwe elawulayo ingaphezu kwaleyo eyayiyicabangela ekuqaleni, ingabe amasheke nezilinganiso zisasebenza ngendlela ehlongozwa ngayo? Ingabe uhulumeni usanikeza isivikelo esinenjongo sokuzimela kukahulumeni nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye? Lemibuzo isikisela ukuthi iFederalist Papers, nakuba isewusizo, ayinakunikeza izimpendulo eziphelele zezinselele zokubusa kwanamuhla.

Ukutadisha Amaphepha Abahleli Bamazwe Namuhla

Kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda uhulumeni waseMelika, umthetho womthetho - sisekelo, noma ifilosofi yezombangazwe, amaPhepha angokoFederal asabalulekile. anikeza ukuqonda okuyingqayizivele kokucabanga okusekelwe eMthethweni nezimiso ezicacile zokubusa okungaphezu komongo wawo ongokomlando.

Indlela Yokufunda

AmaPhepha e-Federalist angaxoxwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kuye ngezithakazelo nezinjongo zomuntu. Izazi zomthetho namajaji bavame ukubheka izimfundamathena ezithile ukuze baqonde amalungiselelo athile omthetho-sisekelo. Abasekeli bezombangazwe bangagxila empikiswaneni yefilosofi mayelana nobuntu, inkululeko, kanye nokubusa. Izazimlando zihlola izindaba ngomongo wazo ongokomlando ukuze ziqonde izimpikiswano zomlando nenkathi yokusungulwa.

Kubafundi abavamile, kuwusizo ukuqala ngezindaba ezaziwayo `Nos. 10, 51, no 78] okunikeza imibuzo eyisisekelo ngolimi olufinyelelwayo. Uma ulapho, umuntu angahlola izimhlokwana ngezihloko ezithile ezithakazelisayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amagunya e-Congress, isimo segatsha eliphethe, noma indima yejadicary. Ukufunda izindatshana ngokulandelana kunikeza umqondo wendlela lempikiswano ekhula ngayo, nakuba idinga isikhathi esiningi nesibopho.

Imithombo Nezinhlelo

Kukhona amahlelo amaningi e-Federalist Papers, kusukela ezinguqulweni zezazi ezibhalwe kabanzi kuya ezinguqulweni ezifinyelelwe. Imithombo ye-inthanethi, kuhlanganise nalezo ezinikezwa i - Library of Congress and Project Gutenberg, yenza ukuba noma ubani okwazi ukungena kuyi-Internet athole izincwadi ngokukhululekile. Lezi zincwadi zobuchwepheshe zivame ukuhlanganisa izici eziwusizo ezinjengokuphenywa nokuphenyiswa okulula nokucwaninga.

Ukuqonda izimo ezingokomlando, ukugxeka okuqondile okukhulunywa ngakho, nokuhlobana kwezindatshana ezihlukahlukene kwenza umuntu aqonde futhi aqonde izinkulumo.

Ukuhlanganyela Namangala

Kunokuba bamane bawamukele lamaphuzu, kufanele bawabuze, bacabangele ezinye izindlela, futhi bacabange ngendlela izimiso ezisebenza ngayo ezimweni zanamuhla. Lezi zindaba zikhuthaza ukuthembisana nokuphikisana, hhayi ukumane bamukele.

Ukuqhathanisa ama-Federalist Papers nemibhalo e-Anti-Federalist kunikeza umbono ophelele wezimpikiswano zokusungula. Abalwa ne-Anti-Federalist baveza izimpikiswano ezibalulekile futhi banikeza eminye imibono kahulumeni weRepublic. Ukuqonda izinhlangothi zombili zale ngxoxo kuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu uMthetho-sisekelo kanye nokukhetha okuwumelelayo.

Isiphetho: Ukubekezelela Izifundo Zohulumeni Nomthetho

IFederalist Papers isifundisa ukuthi uhulumeni ophumelelayo ufuna ukuklanywa ngokucophelela okuhlanganisa isimo somuntu, hhayi njengoba sifisa ukuba kube njalo. Ibonisa indlela isakhiwo esingaletha ngayo ukuvelela nokuzithakazelela izinjongo ezizuzisayo, indlela ukuhlukahluka okungaqinisa ngayo kunokuba kwenze irepublic ibe buthaka, nendlela inkululeko nokubusa okuphumelelayo okungabuyisana ngayo ngokwakhiwa komthetho - sisekelo.

Izimiso ezibekwe kahle kulezindaba zezindaba , zenza kube nokuhlukanisa, ukuhlola nokulinganisela, ukusekela uhulumeni, uhulumeni omelele, kanye nokuzimela kokwahlulela − ziyaqhubeka zihlela umthetho nohulumeni waseMelika. Zinikeza izimiso zokuhlaziya imibuzo yomthetho-sisekelo yamanje nezindinganiso zokuhlola izenzo zikahulumeni. Izinkantolo zivame ukucaphuna amaPapa emibonweni yazo, izishayamthetho ziyawafaka ezimpikiswaneni, futhi izazi ziyawahlola ukuze ziqonde incazelo yomthetho-sisekelo.

Ngaphandle kwethonya lazo eliqondile eMthethweni - sisekelo waseMelika, amaFederalist Paper anikeza ukuqonda okungaphelelwa isikhathi ngezinselele zokubusa kwentando yeningi.

Lezi zincwadi zisikhumbuza futhi ukuthi uhulumeni womthetho-sisekelo awuziqedi. Kudinga ukuqapha, ubuhle bomphakathi, nokuzimisela kwegatsha ngalinye nombuso ngamunye ukuvikela amalungelo awo. Isivikelo sokwakha esichazwe kuyiFederalist Papers sisebenza kuphela uma abantu nabameleli babo bewaqonda futhi bewazisa.

Kubafundi bakahulumeni nomthetho, amaFederalist Paper anikeza imfundo engenakuqhathaniswa emfundisweni nasekwenzeni komthetho-mthetho. Babonisa indlela yokucabanga ngokuhleleka ngemiklamo yezinhlangano, indlela yokulinganisela ukucabangela okuphikisanayo, nendlela yokwenza izimpikiswano eziyinkimbinkimbi ngemibuzo eyinkimbinkimbi yezombangazwe. Babeka uhlobo lwenkulumo yezombangazwe − ehloniphekayo, engabalulekile, futhi egxile ezimisweni kunokuba kugxile kubantu.

AmaFederalist Paper afundisa futhi ukuthobeka ngemingcele yomklamo womthetho-mthetho. Abalweli bemithetho-sisekelo babengenakuzilindela zonke izinselele zesikhathi esizayo, futhi uMthetho-sisekelo abawuvikelayo uye wadinga ukushintshwa, ukuchazwa, nokuzivumelanisa. Nokho izimiso eziyisisekelo abazichazayo ziye zazibonakalisa ziqinile ngokuphawulekayo, zinikeza isisekelo esiqinile emakhulwini amabili eminyaka uhulumeni womthetho-sisekelo.

Enkathini yokuhlukana kwezombangazwe nokucindezeleka kwezinhlangano, amaFederalist Paper asikhumbuza ngokubaluleka kwesimiso somthetho-sisekelo nezingozi zokuvumela noma yiliphi iqembu noma igatsha ukuba libuthe amandla amaningi kakhulu. Zifundisa ukuthi ukuvikela inkululeko akudingi nje izinhloso ezinhle kodwa futhi nesivikelo sezinhlangano esisebenza ngisho nalapho izinhloso zingazinhle. Zibonisa indlela umehluko nokungavumelani, okuqondiswa ngokufanele ngezinhlangano zomthetho, okungaba ngayo imithombo yamandla kunokuba kube ubuthakathaka.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu ubheka lezo zincwadi njengezincwadi ezingokomlando, iziphathimandla ezingokomthetho, noma imisebenzi yefilosofi yezombangazwe, i-Federalist Papers ivuza ngokuhlola ngokucophelela. Zinikeza ukuqonda esimisweni somthetho-sisekelo waseMelika esingenakutholakala kwenye indawo, izimiso ezicacile zokubusa ezihlala zisebenza esikhathini nasendaweni yonke, futhi zibonise amandla empikiswano enengqondo yokuhlela imiphumela yezombangazwe. Kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda ukuthi yini eyenza uhulumeni womthetho-sisekelo ube nokwenzeka nokuthi angawulondoloza kanjani, amaFederalist Paper ahlala eyiziqondiso ezibalulekile.

Izifundo ezizifundisayo ngohulumeni nomthetho − ukubaluleka kwezakhiwo, isidingo sokulandisa ngemvelo yabantu, ukubaluleka kokubusa nokuhlukaniswa kwemibuso, izinselele zokulinganisela inkululeko nokuhleleka . Qhubeka ukwazisa izimpikiswano ngomklamo nohlelo lomthetho-mthetho. Njengoba kuphakama izinselele ezintsha nemibuzo emidala iqala ukuvela, siyaqhubeka sibuyela kumaPapa aphezulu okuhlakanipha nesiqondiso, sithola kulezincwadi ezibhalwe emakhulwini amabili eminyaka adlule ezibonisa ukuqonda okusikhanyisela esimweni sethu samanje futhi sisisiza ukuba siqondise izinselele ezihlala njalo zomuntu siqu.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe kumaFederalist Papers kanye nethonya lawo, vakashela i- Iqoqo lesiqondiso sombuso we-Foderalist Papers , enikeza ukutholakala kombhalo ogcwele kanye neminye imithombo eyengeziwe. [ IMelika Battlefield Trust[[ futhi inikeza ukuhlaziywa okuwusizo komongo ongokomlando nokubaluleka. Labo abanesithakazelo ekuhloleni izingxoxo zokusungula imibhalo ebanzi i-Fedalist neminye imithombo eyinhloko yenkathi ye-ratificity, etholakala ngezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zezemfundo nangokomlando.