Table of Contents

Ukuhlangana nabameleli bakho abakhethiwe akuwona nje umsebenzi womphakathi kuphela, kodwa kuyilungelo lomthetho-sisekelo eliyisisekelo sesimiso sombuso wentando yeningi waseMelika. ISichibiyelo sokuqala sivikela ngokucacile "ilungelo labantu lokuhlangana ngokuthula, nokunxusa uHulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo." Lenkululeko eyisisekelo iqinisekisa ukuthi isakhamuzi ngasinye singasenza izwi laso lizwiwe kuhulumeni, sisekele ushintsho, futhi sigcine izikhulu zaso ezikhethiwe zinecala. Ukuqonda imithetho, imithetho, nemikhuba engcono kakhulu ehlobene nokuxhumana kukunika amandla okusebenzisa lelilungelo mpumelelo futhi senze ithonya elinengqondo enqubwebweni yomthetho.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo: Ilungelo Lakho Lokunxusa

Ilungelo lokuxhumana nabameleli bakho lisekelwe ngokujulile emthethweni - sisekelo waseMelika futhi linefa elicebile elingokomlando elandulela ukusungulwa kweUnited States. Lenkululeko inezimpande ezijulile efeni lethu elingokomthetho, elisukela eminyakeni engu - 800 emuva eMagna Carta naseNgilandi Bill of Rights ka - 1689, nazo zombili izincwadi ezimisa izimiso ezifakwe emthethweni waseU.S.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala Siyavikela

ISichibiyelo sokuqala sithi: “Icala aliyikwenza umthetho mayelana nokumiswa kwenkolo, noma ukunqabela ukuyisebenzisa kwayo ngokukhululekile; noma ukuvimbela inkululeko yokukhuluma, noma yezindaba; noma ilungelo labantu lokuhlangana ngokuthula, nokunxusa uHulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo." Lesivikelo asisona nje isifanekiso kuphela esiveza ilungelo eliqashelwayo elivimbela izikhulu zikahulumeni ekubekeleni imingcele noma ukujezisa izakhamuzi ukuba zixhumane nabo.

"ilungelo lokucela" lisho ukuthi izikhulu zikahulumeni azinakuvimbela amaMelika ukuba axhumane nazo ukuze zizwa izikhalo zawo, noma zibajezise ngokuzama ukwenza kanjalo. Lesivikelo sidlulela ngalé kokubhala izicelo ezingokomthetho. Ilungelo lokucela livikela ilungelo labantu lokuxhumana ngokuqondile nezikhulu zikahulumeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanele zikhononde, zicele, zihlanganyele umbono, noma noma yini enye.

Isilinganiselo Sesesiye Sanda Ngokuhamba Kwesikhathi

Incazelo yalesi simemezelo sesicelo iye yashintsha kakhulu kusukela uMthetho-sisekelo wagunyazwa. Ngokwe-Congregational Research Service, kusukela kwabhalwa uMthetho-sisekelo, ilungelo lesicelo liye lakhula kakhulu kunezimfuneko "zokulungisa izikhalo," futhi manje liqonda ukuthi uhulumeni wamandla akhe ufuna ukusebenzisa isithakazelo nokuchuma kwalabo abacelayo kanye nemibono yabo ezindabeni zezombangazwe eziphikisanayo.

Ilungelo lidlulela kuyo yonke iminyango kahulumeni, kuhlanganise nokusondela kwezakhamuzi noma amaqembu azo ezikhungweni zokuphatha (okuyizidalwa zombili zendlu yomthetho, nezikhali zomphathi) nasezinkantolo, igatsha lesithathu likaHulumeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akumelwe uthintane nabameleli bakho bobuthunywa kuphela kodwa futhi nezikhulu zamagatsha, izinhlangano eziphethe, ngisho nokungena ezinkantolo ukuze ucele usizo.

Lokho Okungafanele Kuqinisekiswe Ngalokho

Nakuba ilungelo lokucela linamandla, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukulinganiselwa kwalo. INkantolo ePhakeme yase-United States ngo-1984 yanquma ukuthi akukho lutho eSichibiyelweni Sokuqala noma enkantolo yecala elisikisela ukuthi amalungelo okukhuluma, ukuhlangana, nokunxusa afuna abenzi bemithetho kahulumeni ukuba balalele noma baphendule izinkulumo zamalungu omphakathi ezindabeni zomphakathi. Ngamanye amazwi, nakuba unelungelo lokuxhumana nabameleli bakho, ababophekile ngokomthetho ukusabela ekuxhumaneni kwakho noma ekwenzeni okuthile.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuxhumana kwakho akusizi ngalutho, qha, abameleli banezisusa ezinamandla zezombangazwe zokusabela kumalungu. Nokho, isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo siqinisekisa ilungelo lakho lokuxhumana, hhayi isiqinisekiso somphumela othile noma ukusabela.

Imithetho Yenhlangano Elawulayo

Ngaphandle kwesivikelo somthetho - sisekelo, iSishaya - mthetho siye samisa imithetho nezindinganiso eziqondile ezilawula indlela abameleli abasebenzelana ngayo nabantu abazimele futhi bathintane ngayo nezokuxhumana kwabo.

Ukubusa Kwesigele Kwama - 43 Nosizo Olubi

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala SoMthetho - sisekelo waseU.S. siqinisekisa ilungelo lokunxusa uhulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo, futhi ukuphendula imibuzo yabacelayo nokubasiza phambi kwezikhulu zikahulumeni eziphethe noma ezizimele nezinhlangano kuyindlela efanele yokusebenzisa umsebenzi wokulinganisa welungu ngalinye lesiKhomishane, kanye nomsebenzi obalulekile wokuqondisa ingqungquthela.

Ngo - 1992, iSigele samukela uBusi besigele 43, obuqinisekisa ukuthi "ekusabeleni ezicelweni zosizo, ilungu leSigele, elisebenza ngokuqondile noma ngezisebenzi, linelungelo lokusiza abacela izicelo phambi kwezikhulu zikahulumeni nezizimele nezinhlangano," elihlanganisa nokuxhumana nokucela ukwaziswa noma umbiko wesikhundla, likhuthaza ukucabangela okusheshayo, lihlele izingxoxo noma ukumiswa, lizwakalisa izahlulelo, noma libize licabangele isenzo sokuqondisa.

Izindinganiso Zokukhulumisana Zasekhaya

Konke okuqukethwe ekuxhumaneni okungokomthetho kumelwe kuhlotshaniswe nezebhizinisi elingokomthetho, elihlanganisa izindaba ezihlobene ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile nenqubo yokushaya umthetho, imisebenzi yokuhlela, izinkonzo zomphakathi, imisebenzi yosuku nosuku yeSishaya-mthetho, imicimbi yomphakathi, izenzo ezithathwa njengommeleli wesifunda lapho iLungu likhethwa khona, izicelo zomphakathi zombono wezikhulu ngokuphathelene nezindaba zesimiso, kanye nokuvumelana kwemicikilisho phakathi kwama-Congress nohulumeni we-Federal.

Indlu isungule imithetho ebanzi elawula ukuxhumana okusemthethweni. IKhomishane ilawula ukuxhumana kwehhovisi okungokomthetho, kuhlanganise, kodwa hhayi kuphela, iposi, iposi lomshini, izigijimi, imiyalezo yemiyalezo (nezindlela ezifanayo zokuthumela imiyalezo), izikhangiso (kuhlanganisa namanani, amaphephandaba, umsakazo nethelevishini), izingcingo ze-croo, kanye nezinye izingcingo zephepha, i-temmater nezokuxhumana.

Imingcele Ekuxhumaneni

Lapho abameleli bengenela bemela izinhlangano zikahulumeni, kumelwe balandele izimfuneko eziqondile ezingokomthetho. UHulumeni kuMthetho weSunshi ubeka imithetho eqondile evimbela ukuxhumana nezisebenzi zezinhlangano ngokunengqondo kulindeleke ukuba zihileleke ekwenzeni izinqumo ngokuphathelene nokubaluleka kokuqhubeka, lapho izingxoxo zokuxhumana zidluliselwa ngomlomo noma zibhalwa ngaphandle kokuqaphelisa ngokufanelekile kuzo zonke izinkolo futhi hhayi embhalweni ogciniwe womphakathi, zisebenzisa kuphela ekugunyazeni okungokomthetho nokushaya imithetho okungamelwe kuthathwe ekufezekini kwezenzweni kwenqubo ethile engokwemvelo.

Imibuzo yesimo ibhekwa njengehlukile ekwahlulelweni kwezokuxhumana okwengxenye, nakuba umbiko weKomiti Yezindaba Kahulumeni wathi izicelo zezindaba zezindaba ezingayithinti imibiko yezomthetho enqunywayo yizo kuphela ezikhishwayo, ziphawula ukuthi ezinye izicelo zemibiko yesikhundla zingaba imizamo yobuqili yokuthonya umphumela wezindaba zezinhlangano.

Izindlela Ezingokomthetho Zokuxhumana Nabameleli Bakho

Ukuqonda lezi zindlela ezihlukahlukene kukusiza ukuba ukhethe indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokusingatha isimo sakho.

Ukuxhumana Okulotshiwe

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yathi abantu banganxusa uhulumeni wabo ngomhlangano noma ngezicelo ezibhalwe phansi ezithunyelwe noma ezithunyelwe ngomshini.

Iposi elingokomlando: izincwadi ezingokoqobo ezithunyelwe ngenkonzo yeposi zinomlando omude wezokuxhumana okuhlangene. EMelika yakuqala, ukukhathazeka ngokuxhumana okubalulekile kwentando yeningi kwabangela ukuba khona kwelungelo eliqondekayo, elinezimpande zalo ekhulwini le 17, iBritish House of Commons iwumise ngo-1660, futhi i-Prorintainmental Congress idlulisa umthetho ngo-1775 inikeza amalungelo okuthumela amalungu ukuze axhumane ne-a protensita.

Iposi logesi: seyandile ukusakaza imishini yokuxhumana. Ukuxhumana ngemishini akulinganiselwe yimingcele yendawo, futhi amalungu angakha izinhlu zezikhokhelo ze-imeyili, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi ezokuxhumana avumela amalungu ukuba asakaze futhi asebenzelane nobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu kunendawo yawo.

Ukuxhumana Okuqondile

Usebenzisa inkululeko yokucela lapho ufakaza noma ukhuluma emhlanganweni wasobala kunoma yiliphi izinga likahulumeni, ufaka isikhalo esibhaliwe noma isicelo sokushintshwa engosini kahulumeni, ubize noma uthumele umyalezo wakho ngemvume ngomthetho noma isimiso esithile, noma uhlangane nomuntu nesikhulu sikahulumeni.

Ukubiza i-Phone Bitles: ukubiza ihhovisi lommeleli wakho kuyindlela esheshayo neqondile yokwenza izwi lakho lizweke. Nakuba uzakukhuluma nelungu lezisebenzi kunokuba ummeleli ngokuqondile, lezi zingcingo ziyalotshwa futhi zibikwe kumphathi okhethiwe. Uma ubizwa, zisho kafushane, zisho ngokucacile ukuthi ungummeleli, usho kahle ukuthi ukuphi engxoweni, futhi uhloniphe ilungu lezisebenzi elithatha ucingo lwakho.

Emihlanganweni ye-Person:[ Umhlangano ubuso nobuso nommeleli wakho noma izisebenzi zabo kungaba nethonya elikhulu. Lemihlangano ivame ukwenzeka phakathi namahora amahhovisi emahhovisi emahhovisi esigodi noma ngokumisa eWashington, D.C. ihhovisi lomphakathi futhi inikeza amathuba okuxhumana okuqondile.

Umhlangano Wasobala Nezigijimi

Ilungelo lomhlangano livikela inkululeko yabantu yokuhlangana ezindaweni zomphakathi, kuhlanganise namagumbi okuhlangana asobala anjengezindawo zokuhlala nezitaladi, ukuze bahlanganyele emisebenzini ejabulisayo, engahlanganisa ukubhikisha, ukuhlela imihlangano, nezinye izinjongo zezenhlalo noma zezombangazwe.

Isikhathi esilinganiselayo, indawo, nezindlela zokuhlela kuvunyelwe, kodwa kumelwe baneliseke/isiboniso--neutial futhi kufanele bahloselwe ukunikeza isithakazelo sikahulumeni esisemthethweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba ohulumeni bengalawula isikhathi, indawo, nendlela ukubhikisha okwenzeka ngayo (ngokwesibonelo, ukufuna imvume yokubuthana okukhulu), abanakukhetha okusekelwe esigijimini esishiwoyo.

Izimemezelo Nezinyathelo Zokuqalisa

You can circulate a petition, a ballot initiative or referendum request for others to sign and then submit it to a government office to be placed on the ballot. Formal petitions have played a crucial role throughout American history. The first significant exercise and defense of the right to petition within the U.S. was to advocate the end of slavery by sending Congress well over a thousand petitions on the topic, signed by some 130,000 citizens.

Ukuntanta

Isicelo sivikela ukunxusa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenziwa mathupha noma kusetshenziswa umuntu okhuthaza ukuhalaliselwa, umuntu noma inkampani eqashelwe ukuba ithole imibono noma izicelo ezinikezwa izikhulu zikahulumeni.

Ukufinyelela Enkantolo

Le nkululeko ivikela futhi ilungelo lokumangalela uhulumeni enkantolo. INkantolo iphethe ukuthi ilungelo lokucela livikela ilungelo lokungena enkantolo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqupha amacala, ukufuna izinhlelo zokwahlulela, nokulandela amanye amakhambi angokomthetho ngokumelene nezinhlangano zikahulumeni.

Ukuxhumana Ngezokuxhumana Kwezokuxhumana Nezokuxhumana

Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla buye bandisa izindlela izakhamuzi ezingathintana ngazo nabameleli bazo. Imithombo yezomphakathi ingasetshenziselwa ukuthumela ukwaziswa kubantu abathola ukwaziswa ngendlela efanayo ezingxoxweni ezingokwesiko, kodwa futhi ivumela ukuba amalungu noma izisebenzi zihlanganyele kokubili nabanye abashaya imithetho kanye nabaxhumanisi ezingxoxweni ze - Internet ezingokoqobo.

Kuyi-Kinth First Amendment Institute v. Trump (209), iNkantolo Yezingcingo yase-U.S. yasekela ukuthi uMongameli uTrump wayesebenzise i-Appert ah’apricion ukuqhuba ibhizinisi likahulumeni elingokomthetho, futhi ngenxa yalokho waguqula ukulandisa kwakhe kwaba "indawo kahulumeni," kangangokuthi ngaphansi kwenkululeko yokuhlela nokunxusa yeSimemezelo Sokuqala, wayengenakubavimbela abalandeli abaphaphazanyisi. Leli cala lamisa isibonelo esibalulekile ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwezikhulu zikahulumeni amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana.

Imingcele Engokomthetho Nokuziphatha Okuvinjelwe

Nakuba ilungelo lokucela libanzi, aliphelele. Izinhlobo ezithile zokuziphatha zenqatshelwe umthetho futhi zingaphumela emiphumeleni engathi sína engokomthetho. Ukuqonda lemingcele kuqinisekisa ukuthi imvume yakho ihlala ingaphansi kwemingcele engokomthetho.

Usongo Nokuhlukunyezwa

Umthetho kahulumeni wenqabela ukusongela izikhulu ezikhethiwe noma ezinye izisebenzi zikahulumeni, ukusongela abameleli, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakhuluma, babhala, noma basebenzisa imishini, kuwubugebengu obungathi sína bukahulumeni obungabangela ukuqulwa icala.

Ngokufanayo, ukuhlukunyezwa okungadluli ekukhulumeni okungokomthetho kwezombangazwe kwenqatshelwe. Nakuba ukugxeka okukhulu ngisho nokuphatha ngokhahlo kuqondiswe ezimisweni nasezindinganisweni zezikhulu nasezenzweni kuvikelwe, ukuxhumana okuphikelelayo okungafunwayo kukhuphuka kuze kube sezingeni lokuhlasela noma ukuhlukumeza kunqamule umthetho.

Ukuvukela Namazwi Amanga

KuMcDonald v. Smith (1985), iNkantolo yavumelana ngokuthi isimemezelo seSichibiyelo Sokuqala asinikezi ukuvinjelwa ezenzweni ezingekho emthethweni, uma kuvela ukuthi uRobert McDonald wathumela izincwadi kumongameli nezinye izikhulu zikahulumeni eziphikisa ukumiswa kukaDavid Smith njenge-U.S. ummeli owayehlanganisa izikhalo zokukhwabanisa, ukuphulwa kwamalungelo omphakathi, nezinye izimangalelo.

Ilungelo lokunxusa aliphelele, ngoba iqiniso lokuthi izinkulumo ezihlanekezelwe zenziwa emongweni wesicelo kuhulumeni alinikezi ukugonywa okuphelele ekuvinjweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba ungaveza imibono yakho nakubameleli, uqambe amanga ukuthi ulimaza idumela lomuntu lisengakuchaya ezimweni zomphakathi.

Ukufumbathisa Nokonakala

Ukunika isikhulu sikahulumeni noma yini eyigugu ukuze sithathele inqubo ethile engokomthetho kungukufumbathisa futhi kuwubugebengu obungathi sína bukahulumeni.

Ukungakholelwa Kwemisebenzi Kahulumeni

Ilungelo lakho lokunxusa uhulumeni alihlanganisi ilungelo lokungena eOval Office noma nini lapho uthanda. Uma unelungelo lokuxhumana nezikhulu futhi ubuthene ngokuthula, awunakuphazamisa imisebenzi kahulumeni, ukuphambuka ezindaweni ezivinjelwe, noma ukuphazamisa ikhono lezikhulu lokwenza imisebenzi yazo.

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yanquma ukuthi lamalungelo kumelwe ahlonishwe ngokumelene nezinzuzo zikahulumeni ezisebenzayo, njengokugcina ukuhleleka komphakathi nokuphepha, okungaba ukulinganisela okubucayi, futhi imingcele kahulumeni kulenkululeko ngokuvamile ibhekene nezinselele.

Imingcele Yesikhathi Esinengqondo, Indawo Neyomuntu

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zingabeka imithetho enengqondo ngendlela futhi lapho usebenzisa amalungelo akho esicelo. INkantolo Ephakeme yathi isikhathi esilinganiselwe, indawo, nezindlela zokuvimbela imibuthano yomphakathi ezingokwesiko ziwumthetho ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo Sokuqala, uma leyo mithetho ilinganiselwe ingeyokungangeneli futhi ihlelwe ngokulinganiselwe ukuze ikhonze izithakazelo ezingokomthetho zikahulumeni, nakuba imingcele "ingadingi ukuba izindlela ezilinganiselwe kakhulu noma ezingezinkulu kakhulu" yokukhonza lezo zithakazelo.

Ngokwesibonelo, izakhiwo zikahulumeni zingaba nezinqubo zokuzivikela, amahora okuhambela, nemithetho mayelana nendawo okungavela kuyo imiboniso. Lemigoqo iyavumelekile uma nje zingakhethi ngokusekelwe kumbono ovezwayo futhi usebenzise ukulondeka okungokomthetho noma izinjongo ezisebenzayo.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yokukhulumisana Okuphumelelayo

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho angokomthetho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Ukwenza ukuxhumana kwakho nabameleli kuphumelele ngangokunokwenzeka, landela le mikhuba esekelwe kubufakazi eveza ithonya lemizamo yakho yobugqila.

Zichaze Njengongahlosile

Abameleli ngokuyinhloko balandisa ngokumelene nabo ngokwabo, kodwa bazisho ngokucacile ukuthi ungumuntu ongabavotela noma abamelene nabo okhethweni. Nakuba iningi labashaya imithetho yokuxhumana livela kubantu abazimele, ayikho imithetho emelene nokuxhumana nabanye abashaya imithetho, ikakhulukazi uma besezikhundleni zokubusa. Nokho, ukuziveza ngokucacile njengomsizi ophawulekayo kundisa ubukhulu bokuxhumana kwakho.

Faka ikheli lakho esigneshani sakho, ngisho nase - emailni, ngenxa yokuthi abashaya imithetho bangabantu abamatasa futhi lapho ungeke ufune impendulo, abanye abashaya imithetho bayozinika isikhathi sokubhala phansi kodwa ngeke bakwazi uma ungalihlanganisi ikheli lakho, futhi kuhlanganise nekheli lakho liqinisekisa nokuthi ungumsizi weqembu elithile.

Ungagwegwesi Futhi Uchaze Ngokuqondile

Zichaze njengomthakathi nokuthi kungani ubhala esigabeni sokuqala ukuze ugcine isigijimi sakho sifushane, futhi uma wazi ukuthi umlomo ubhalwe ngegama noma isibalo senombolo usho ukuthi ubhalwe esigabeni sokuqala, noma ngisho nasemgqeni wokuqala. Abameleli kanye nezisebenzi zabo baphatha inqwaba enkulu yokuxhumana nsuku zonke. Umyalezo ocacile, ocacile osheshayo ukuveza impikiswano kanye nokuma kwakho kunokwenzeka ukuba kufundwe futhi kucatshangwe.

Hlela ukukhulumisana kwakho ngokuphumelelayo:

  • Uvula:[ Izwe onguye, ukuthi ungumhlanga, nempikiswano ethile noma umthetho ozowukhuluma
  • Body:[ Chaza ukuma kwakho bese unikeza izizathu ezimfushane zokusekela
  • [[Umthetho:0] Imiphumela buqu:[ Chaza ukuthi lendaba ithinta kanjani wena, umkhaya wakho, noma umphakathi wakini
  • [[QULT:0] Ikhokhi esenzeka: isho ngokucacile ukuthi ufuna ummeleli akwenzeni (eyebo/ebo, umthetho we-spover, njll.)
  • Ingcaciso:[ Ngiyabonga ngesikhathi sabo futhi hlanganisa nokwaziswa kwakho okuphathelene nokuthintana okuphelele

Yenza Isigijimi Sakho Sibe Somuntu Siqu

Uma umthetho obhalwe ngawo uzokuthinta wena siqu, tshela ummisi-mthetho ngawo futhi ubhale indaba emfushane ngokuthi yini umthetho ozokwenzela wena nomphakathi wakho. Izindaba zomuntu siqu zinamandla kakhulu kunokwakha izincwadi noma amaphuzu ajwayelekile okukhuluma. Basiza abameleli ukuba baqonde ithonya langempela lezwe lezinqumo.

Gwema ukukopisha nokubhala izinhlamvu ezinikezwa yizinhlangano zezempatho. Nakuba lezi zingaba yizinyathiso eziwusizo, ukwenza umyalezo ube ngcono ngamazwi akho nokuhlangenwe nakho kwenza uphumelele kakhulu. Amahhovisi abameleli angabona kalula imishini ekhiqizwa ngobuningi, futhi imiyalezo eyimfihlo ithola ukunakekela okwengeziwe.

Yiba Nenhlonipho Futhi Ube Nobuchwepheshe

Uma uthintana ngocingo, khuluma kafushane futhi uhloniphe, njengakuzingcingo ezise-99% eziyanini zoMkhandlu, uzoba ukhuluma nelungu lezisebenzi zomthetho. Khumbula ukuthi amalungu asebenza kuleyo zisebenzi ayizingcweti ezenza imisebenzi yawo, futhi asebenza njengabagcini bamasango kummeleli. Ukuba nonya noma ulaka kuyolimaza inhloso yakho.

Ngisho noma ungavumelani kakhulu nesikhundla sommeleli, gcina izwi elihloniphekile. Ungaveza ukudumala noma ukungavumelani ngokuqinile ngaphandle kokuphendukela ekuhlaseleni komuntu siqu noma ekusebenziseni ulimi olushubile. Gxila ezimpikiswaneni ezingokomthetho kunokuba uhlasele umuntu.

Landela Ngokufanelekile

Ngemva kokuba usuthintane nesikhulu esikhethiwe, landela lokho esasikwenza — uma bekhetha indlela owawufuna ngayo, cabangela ukubhala incwadi yokubonga emfushane eqinisekisa indlela umphumela oyokuthinta ngayo, futhi uma ummisi - mthetho wakho engavoti ngendlela oyifunayo, cabangela ukuthintana nabo futhi uveze ukudumazeka kwakho ngenhlonipho, uphawula noma iyiphi incwadi elandelayo oyibhale ngaphambi kokuba ivoti ithathwe.

Kulandela izinjongo eziningi. Kubonisa ukuthi ungummeleli othembisene ukuthatha isinyathelo. Ngiyabonga ukuthi uphawula amavoti owasekelayo aqinisa ukuziphatha okuhle, kuyilapho amazwi enhlonipho okudumazeka ngamavoti owaphikisayo ebonisa ukuthi uyawabheka enecala.

Ukulungisa Izindaba

Xhumana nabameleli bakho uma ukwaziswa kwakho kungawenza umehluko. Izikhathi ezithinteka kakhulu ukufinyelela iziqu zihlanganisa:

  • Phambi kwamavoti ekomiti: Uma umthetho ucatshangelwa ekomitini, ngaphambi kokuba ifike egumbini eligcwele
  • ngaphambi kwamavoti aphansi: Ezinsukwini eziholela ekuvoteni endlu noma esitezini seSigele
  • Ngenkathi yokusebenza okuhlangene: Lapho uMkhandlu usekhefini futhi abameleli bekhona ezigodini zabo
  • Maphakathi namahholo asemadolobheni: Lapho abameleli beqhuba imihlangano yomphakathi ukuze bezwe kuvela kuma-actal

Gwema ukuxhumana nabameleli phakathi nezikhathi zokuzifihla ngaphambi kokhetho, lapho ukuxhumana okungokomthetho kuvinjelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwengcebo kahulumeni ezinjongweni zomkhankaso.

Khetha indlela efanele

Izimo ezihlukahlukene zidinga izindlela ezihlukene zokukhulumisana:

  • Izingcingo ze-Phone: ezingcono kakhulu kulwazi oluzwela isikhathi noma uma ufuna ukubhalisa ngokushesha isikhundla sakho
  • Iposi:[ kuhle ukunikeza ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe nokwakha umbhalo obhaliwe
  • Izinhlamvu ezithize: zingavela ngenkathi yonyaka futhi zibonise umzamo owengeziwe
  • Imihlangano engenisa i-person:[ kakhulu ethonya kakhulu olwazini oluyinkimbinkimbi noma uma unolwazi ongaluhlanganyela
  • Amahholo ezinti: Anempumelelo ekubuzeni imibuzo obala nokuzwa impendulo yommeleli
  • Imithombo yezindaba: iwusizo ekunikezeni umphakathi nokusekela okukhulu, nakuba ingasebenzi kakhulu ezingxoxweni zesimiso eziningi

Ukuqonda Icala Lenhlangano

Ngaphandle kokusekela izikhundla zesimiso, abameleli bangacela usizo kubameleli babo abanezinkinga ezihilela izinhlangano zikahulumeni. Lo msebenzi wenkonzo ohlangene, ngokuvamile obizwa ngokuthi "umqulu," uyingxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi ye-cornication.

Kuyini Ubunzima?

Izisebenzi zasemacaleni aseCongress ngokuvamile zibhekana nezicelo eziningi ezihlanganyelwayo ngesikhathi esisodwa, zisebenza ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu okuvela kokubili eqenjini nasemkhakheni njengoba zisebenzela umphumela ofike ngesikhathi nowanelisayo, futhi ezinye izisebenzi zenhlangano zazwakalisa ukukhungatheka kokuthi izinhlangano zingase zithathe izinyanga eziningi ukuze ziphendule, uma nje, nakuba izikhulu zazibonisa ukuthi zingathanda izinhlangano ukuba zisabele kuzo zonke izicelo, ngisho noma ukusabela kwazo kuwukuthi izinhlangano azinakukwazi noma ngeke zinikeze usizo oluceliwe.

Isehlo sihlanganisa ukusiza abaphethe izikhulu zikahulumeni nokuxazulula izinkinga nezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Izinkinga ezivamile zezezimali zihlanganisa:

  • Izinzuzo zokulondeka komphakathi nokufuna ukukhubazeka
  • Izindaba zamaMedicari nezobuMedicaid
  • Ama - veteran ayazuzisa futhi anezinkonzo ze - VA
  • Izinkinga zokuthuthela kwelinye izwe ne - visa
  • Izindaba zentela
  • Imali - nsolo yabafundi kaFederal
  • Izisebenzi zezempi zikhuluma
  • Izinkonzo zomnyango weposi nowoMbuso

Lokho Abameleli Abangakwenza Nalokho Abangenakukwenza

Ngaphambi kokungenela nenhlangano kahulumeni, ilungu kufanele licabangele ubuhle bendaba yalowo ohilelekile; uhlobo lwenhlangano ehilelekile; uhlobo lwenqubo yenhlangano; ukuthi ihhovisi lingafeza inkonzo efanayo kunoma yimuphi ummeleli osendaweni efanayo; izinga isenzo esihlongozwayo esiphambuka ngalo ekusebenziseni ihhovisi elivamile; futhi uma ilungu noma isisebenzi sazi ukuthi umuntu ungumnikeli, umlando weminikelo ngemnikezi nangendlela esondelene ngayo nemali.

Abameleli bangakumelela:

  • Cela ukwaziswa noma imibiko yesimo ezinhlanganweni
  • Sikhuthaze ukuba sicabangele indaba yakho ngokushesha
  • Hlela izingxoxo noma ukumiswa nezikhulu zezinhlangano
  • Siza uqonde izinqubo nezimfuneko zezinhlangano
  • Qiniseka ukuthi udazulule indaba yakho ngendlela efanele
  • Ukucabangisisa ngezinqumo

Abameleli abanakho:

  • Siqinisekisa ukuthi kunemiphumela ethile
  • Ukungasebenzisi izinqumo zezinhlangano ezisekelwe emthethweni noma emyalweni
  • Yenzani izinhlangano zephule imithetho yazo siqu
  • Nikeza incazelo engokomthetho
  • Nikeza impatho ekhethekile esekelwe ekusekeleni kwezombangazwe noma eminikelweni

Indlela Yokucela Usizo Oluyinkinga

Ukucela usizo lokuhlola emacaleni ehhovisi lommeleli wakho:

  1. Ukuhlangana nehhovisi lesifunda: Icala liphathwa yizisebenzi ehhovisi lesigodi lendawo lommeleli kunokuba lisingathwe i Washington, D.C.
  2. Iprojectde ephelele: Hlanganisa igama lakho eliphelele, ikheli, inombolo yocingo, kanye nemininingwane ngenkinga
  3. Sinisa ukukhululwa kobuso becala: Uzodinga ukugunyaza ihhovisi lommeleli ukuze uxoxe ngendaba yakho nenxusa elithintanayo
  4. Ukusekela amabhukwana: nikeza amakhophi (hayi okuqala) okuhambelana, izinombolo ezithiwayo, kanye neminye imibhalo
  5. Beka isineke: ukusabela kwe-Angel kungathatha isikhathi, futhi ihhovisi lommeleli lizokugcina uhlaziyekile lapho uqhubeka
  6. Gcina amathemba angokoqobo: Uqonda ukuthi ihhovisi lingasiza ekuqondiseni isimiso kodwa aliqiniseki ukuthi ufisa umphumela

Ukuhlonishwa Okukhethekile Kwabantu Abanezikhundla Ezihlukahlukene Zikahulumeni

Nakuba lesi sihloko sigxila ngokuyinhloko kubameleli bakahulumeni, ilungelo lokucela lifinyelela kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni.

Abameleli Abangama - Federal

Abameleli bama-Federal bahlanganisa iziNqanawe zakho ezimbili zase-U.S. kanye noMmeleli oyedwa wase-U.S. ngamunye ulondoloza amahhovisi kokubili eWashington, D.C. nasezweni lakubo noma esifundeni. Isimiso sommeleli simatasa kakhulu, ngokuvamile siqala ekuseni ngezihloko ezifingqiwe, futhi abameleli abaningi bahamba ngokushesha phakathi kwemihlangano ye-caucus ne-komiti nabezindlebe, ukuvota ezikweletayo, ukukhuluma nabameli namaqembu, nokubukeza iposi, izinkinobho nemibiko ehlukahlukene, ngokuqhubeka nomsebenzi emini yakusihlwa ngezenzakalo zokwamukela noma ukuqoqa izimpahla.

Abameleli be-Federal banemithombo yezisebenzi ebanzi kakhulu enikezelwe ekuxhumaneni nokuququzelelana kwezezimali nokusebenza kwezezimali.

Abaqondisi Bemithetho KaHulumeni

Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zikumelela esishaya - mthetho sombuso wakho (ngokuyisisekelo esibizwa ngokuthi iSigele Sezwe neSindlu SoMbuso sabameleli, i-Assembly, noma i House of Binds). Amalungu angasiza abameleli ekusebenzelaneni kwabo nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, futhi ukuxhumana kwabo kufanele kunamathele ezimisweni ezivamile eziqondisa ukuxhumana kwabo nezinhlangano zikahulumeni.

Abashaya imithetho bavame ukuba nezisebenzi ezincane kunabameleli bakahulumeni futhi bangase babe izishayamthetho zesikhashana ezinezinye izinkonzo. Nokho, bavame ukutholakala ngokuqonde ngokwengeziwe kubantu abasebenza futhi baxazulule izindaba ezingase zibe nethonya elisheshayo ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke, njengemfundo, ezokuthutha, nokugcinwa komthetho wendawo.

Izikhulu Zendawo

Izikhulu zendawo ezikhethiwe zihlanganisa amalungu omkhandlu wedolobha, izikhulu zesifundazwe, amameya, amalungu ebhodi yesikole, nezinye izikhulu zikamasipala. Laba bameleli ngokuvamile bangeneka kakhulu futhi kungase kube lula ukuhlangana nabo. izikhulu zendawo zisingatha izindaba ezinjengokukhokha intela yendawo, izikole, izinkonzo zamaphoyisa nezicisha - mlilo, kanye nezinkonzo zikamasipala.

Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo banezindlela ezisemthethweni zokuxhumana ezihlangene, futhi ungakwazi ukukhuluma ngokuqondile emihlanganweni yasobala phakathi nezikhathi zokuphendula ezimisiwe. Hlola ingosi kahulumeni wakini ukuze uthole ukwaziswa mayelana nezimiso zemihlangano nezinqubo zokuphendula umphakathi.

Ukubaluleka Okungokomlando Kwelungelo Lokucela

Ukuqonda umongo ongokomlando welungelo lokunxusa kuyasiza ekukhanyeni ukuthi kungani lenkululeko ibaluleke kangaka ekubuseni ngentando yeningi kwaseMelika nokuthi iye yasetshenziswa kanjani ekuthuthukiseni ushintsho lwezenhlalo kuwo wonke umlando wesizwe.

Imvelaphi Yamakoloni Nokusungulwa Kwawo

ISimemezelo senkululeko sathunyelwa kuJorge III waseNgilandi ngo-1776 sasiyisicelo sokufuna izinguquko endleleni isizwe esasilawula ngayo amakoloni, nokwenqaba kweNgilandi ukucabangela lezonguquko kwabangela iMpi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo nenkululeko yaseMelika. Abasunguli bempi nohulumeni ababenqaba ukuzwa izikhalo zabo babesithonya ngokuqondile isinqumo sabo sokuvikela isicelo esiGuqulweni sokuQala.

Abasunguli besizwe babheka inkululeko yokucela njengenkululeko ebaluleke kakhulu, beyibheka njengendlela yokuvikela zonke inkululeko yethu, ebalulekile esimisweni sikahulumeni sokuzilawula. Lokhu kubonisa ukuqonda ukuthi ngaphandle kwekhono lokuxhumana nohulumeni nokufuna izikhalo, amanye amalungelo aba nzima ukuvikela nokuphoqelela.

Umkhankaso Wokunxusa Izigqila

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokulisebenzisa leli lungelo yenzeka ekulweni nobugqila iNdlu Yase - United States yazanyazanyiswa ekuqaleni kwawo - 1800 ngezicelo zokuqeda ubugqila e - United States, futhi abaholi bezindlu basabela ngokumisa imithetho kusukela ngo - 1836 eyathi leNdlu yayingasazozamukela izicelo ngalendaba, isikhundla esashiywa ngo - 1844 njengengabufene.

Kusukela ngo - 1836, iNdlu yabameleli yamukela uchungechunge lwemithetho ewuchungechunge yegag eyayizigcina ngokuzenzakalelayo zonke izicelo ezinjalo ezimelene nezigqila futhi yenqabela ingxoxo yabo, iSigele sithatha isinyathelo esifanayo, kuze kube yilapho owayengumongameli uJohn Quincy Adams nabanye abameleli ekugcineni befinyelela ukubuyiselwa kwalemithetho ngo - 18444 ngokwesisekelo ukuthi kwakuphambene nelungelo loMthetho - sisekelo lokuthi "kuvumela uhulumeni walungisa izikhalo.""

Lesi senzakalo sibonisa amandla alesi sicelo esinelungelo nokubaluleka kwaso ngisho nalapho izicelo zikhuluma ngezimbangela eziphikisanayo noma ezingathandwa.

Inhlangano yabesifazane Ecasulayo

Ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yomlando wezwe, abesifazane babengenakuvota futhi ezizweni eziningi babengakwazi ukusayina izivumelwano noma amanye amaphepha angokomthetho ngokwabo, futhi isicelo sokusekela i-amen sivela emhlanganweni eSeneca Falls, eNew York, ngo-1848. Isicelo samalungelo abesifazane savumela ukuba basekele izithakazelo zabo ngisho nangaphambi kokuba babe nelungelo lokuvota, sibonisa ukuthi lenkululeko ingawagunyaza kanjani amaqembu ahluliwe.

Ukubambisana Kwamalungelo Omphakathi Nangalé Kwawo

Uma isetshenziswa kanye nenkululeko enkolweni yeSichibiyelo Sokuqala – inkolo, inkulumo, ukunyathelisa nokunxusa kuyithuluzi elinamandla eliye lasekela ushintsho lwezenhlalo kusukela ekuzalweni kwesizwe sethu ukuya ekuqedeni ubugqila, ukuphoqelela ukuthatha impoqo kwabesifazane nokusekela i-Civil Rights Movement. Ngomlando we-America wonke, amaqembu ancintisanayo aye asebenzisa ilungelo lokufuna ukuqashelwa, ukuphathwa ngokulingana, nobulungisa.

Inhlangano yamalungelo abantu yonyaka ka-1950 nawo-1960 yahlanganisa izicelo, ukubhikisha, ukuphehla iziphakamiso, nokuphikisa ukucwasa ngokuhlukanisa abantu nokucwasa. Abameli basebenzisa yonke indlela ekhona yokunxusa uhulumeni(iindlela) yokunxusa izincwadi nezingcingo ukuze bahambe futhi bahlale emacaleni afuna ushintsho. Lendlela yokufuna amalungelo okucela ekugcineni yaholela emthethweni ongokomthetho ongokomthetho njengomthetho we-Civil Rights Act ka-1964 kanye ne-Voting Rights Act ka-19656.

Izinselele Zanamuhla Nobuchwepheshe Obushintshayo

Inkathi yokuxhumana kwabantu ngezinombolo iye yashintsha indlela izakhamuzi ezisebenzisa ngayo amalungelo azo okucela, yakha amathuba amasha nezinselele ezintsha zokuxhumana.

Ukushintsha Kokuxhumana Ngemishini

Amalungu aqala ukusebenzisa izokuxhumana ngemishini ngaphakathi kanye nangaphandle phakathi nonyaka ka-19990, futhi ukusetshenziswa kweposi kwe-Congress kwancipha kancane kancane njengoba izindlela ezintsha zokuxhumana ziqala, amahhovisi eshintshwa abe yisimiso se-imeyili esifanayo, ukusungulwa kwamawebhusayithi angamalungu aqala, futhi i-Library of Congress’s THOMAS yaqala ukwenza ukuba i-Congress yase-U.S. ikwazi ukuxhumana kangcono no-omkhandlu.

Ukushintshela ekuxhumaneni ngemishini ye-tem international kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuxhumana nabameleli futhi kube lula kunanini ngaphambili. Izakhamuzi manje zingathumela ama-imeyili, amaposi ezokuxhumana, zihlanganyele ehholo lezokuxhumana lamadolobha, futhi zingenele ukwaziswa okuphathelene nomthetho kanye namarekhodi okuvota abameleli ngokuchofoza ama-consi ambalwa nje. Lokhu kuhlelwa kwe-democratic yokungena kuye kwenza abantu abaningi bakwazi ukuhlanganyela enqubweni yezombangazwe.

Imithombo Yezindaba Yomphakathi Njengendawo Yokuqomisana Yomphakathi

Imithombo yezokuzijabulisa ayiyona inkundla yomphakathi futhi iSichibiyelo Sokuqala asisebenzi kuyimithombo yezindaba yezenhlalo ngoba singeyomuntu siqu futhi siyalawulwa, futhi asikho isenzo sikahulumeni, nakuba njengoba inkulumo, inkulumo, nokunxusa kuye kwashintshelwa emithonjeni yezokuxhumana, kuphakamisa imibuzo yokuthi incazelo yenkundla yomphakathi kufanele ibukezwe yini nokuthi kufanele yini ibe khona imithetho kahulumeni, futhi imithombo yezokuxhumana ingaguqulwa ibe indawo yomphakathi ngesenzo sikahulumeni nangesivikelo seSimemezelo Sokuqala.

Icala le-Preft First Amendment Institute v. Trump laveza ukuthi uma izikhulu zikahulumeni zisebenzisa ama-akhawunti ezokuxhumana ngenxa yezinjongo ezingokomthetho, lezo zindaba zingaba umphakathi lapho kusebenza khona isivikelo seSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izikhulu azinakuvimbela izimemezelo noma ukukhipha izimpendulo ezisekelwe embonweni, nakuba zisengaphoqelela imithetho egcwele emelene nokuhlukunyezwa noma ukuvinjelwa.

Izinselele Zomqulu Nezeqiniso

Ukuxhumana kalula ngemishini yezokuxhumana kuye kwadala izinselele emahhovisi abameleli. Manje bathola ukuxhumana okuningi kakhulu kunangaphambili, okwenza kube nzima ukusabela kumuntu ngamunye. Imikhankaso yeposi, amabhoti asebenza ngemishini, nemizamo yezokuxhumana ehlangeneyo ingagcwalisa amahhovisi ngezokuxhumana, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba amazwi aqotho azwakale.

Yingakho ukuxhumana okuzimele kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Amahhovisi abameleli anezimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi zokubona nokumisa ukuxhumana okuqinisekile okukhiqizwe ngobuningi kwezinhlamvu noma imiyalezo ezenzekelayo.

Izindaba Zomuntu Siqu Nokulondeka

Amalungu e-Congress, izisebenzi zawo, nezinhlangano abasebenza nazo kumelwe futhi baqaphele imithetho ehlukahlukene eyimfihlo nezimiso ezilawula lokho ukwaziswa okungase kukhululwe engxenyeni yesithathu. Uma uthintana nabameleli noma ufuna usizo lwamacala, qaphela ukuthi kungase kudingeke unikeze ukwaziswa komuntu siqu nokukhishwa komshado wesifuba. Amahhovisi e-agorional ayoba nezimiso ezilondekile zokusingatha lokhu kwaziswa, kodwa uqaphele ngokunikeza ukwaziswa komuntu siqu okuthinta inhliziyo ngezindlela ezingase-se-se-se-semgwaqweni.

Ukunciphisa Ithonya Lakho: Ikhono Lokuqondisa Eliyiqhinga

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho kanye namakhenikha abameleli abaxhumanayo kubalulekile, kodwa ukuqapha okuwusizo kungandisa ithonya lakho futhi kwandise amathuba okufinyelela imigomo yakho.

Yakha Ubuhlobo Ngokuhamba Kwesikhathi

Uma wenza ubuhlobo bakho nomphathi wemithetho bube bukhulu, incwadi yakho noma i-imeyili kuyakuba ngcono kakhulu. Ungathintani nabameleli bakho kuphela uma udinga okuthile noma ungavumelani nabo. Yakha ubuhlobo obuqhubekayo ngo-:

  • Babonge lapho bethatha izikhundla zokusekela
  • Ukuya emahholo asemadolobheni nasemicimbini yomphakathi
  • Ukuvolontiya imikhankaso yabo uma ubasekela
  • Ukuhlanganyela ngendlela eyakhayo ngisho nalapho ningavumelani
  • Ukuhlanganyela ubuchwepheshe bakho ezindabeni okuhlobene nomsebenzi noma okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho

Abameleli nezisebenzi zabo cishe bayonaka ukuxhumana okuvela kubantu abathi bathembisene umshado, banolwazi, futhi bacabangela.

Xhumanisa Nabanye

Nakuba ukuxhumana ngakunye kubalulekile, ukuxhumana okuhlangene kungaba namandla ngisho nangokwengeziwe.

  • Amaqembu anciphise izinhlangano zezempango: agxile ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo anganikeza ulwazi, imithombo yemali, kanye nezenzo ezihlangene
  • Ukuhlanganiswa nomakhelwane: Iqembu lama-actic avela esifundeni esisodwa lithwala isisindo esikhulu kunabantu abasebenza bodwa
  • ekuqhubeni imihlangano ndawonye: ukuletha iziqeshana eziningana ezizohlangana nommeleli noma izisebenzi zabo kubonisa ukukhathazeka komphakathi
  • Ukuhlanganisa isikhathi: Ukuba nezingxenye eziningi ezithinta ihhovisi ngesikhathi esisodwa kumagazini ofanayo kubonisa umfutho namandla okukhathalela

Nokho, gwema ukugcwalisa amahhovisi ngezinhlamvu ezifanayo. Ukuhlanganisa i-dvocation kuphumelela kakhulu uma umuntu ngamunye enezela izwi lakhe nombono wakhe esigijimini esihlanganyelwayo.

Izindlela Ezihlukahlukene Zokuhamba Ezindaweni Ezimbi

Unganciki kwindlela eyodwa kuphela yokuxhumana. Icebo elibanzi lokuthungatha lingahlanganisa:

  • Cela ihhovisi ukuba libhalise isikhundla sakho
  • Ngemva kokubhala i-imeyili noma uhlamvu oluningiliziwe
  • Ngisehholo ledolobha ngibuza imibuzo obala
  • Ukucela umhlangano phakathi kwe-person ukuze uthole ezinye izimpikiswano eziyinkimbinkimbi
  • Ukusebenzisa ingosi yezokuxhumana ukuze kwakhiwe ukuqashelwa komphakathi
  • Ukubhalela umhleli noma ama-op-ep ukuze kutholwe umbono womphakathi
  • Ukufakazelwa enkantolo uma kungenzeka

Umzila ngamunye uqinisa abanye futhi ubonise ukuthembisana ngokuphikelelayo ngalendaba.

Ukuqonda Inqubo Yomthetho

Ukuqapha okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuqonda indlela umthetho ohamba ngayo ngomkhandlu noma ngesishaya-mthetho sombuso. Amaphuzu ayinhloko enqubweni lapho izindaba ezifakiwe zihlanganisa khona kakhulu:

  • Isingeniso: abameleli abaxhumana nabo ukubakhuthaza ukuba bethule noma bafake umthetho we-co-sponsor
  • Ukucabangela: Gxila emalungwini amakomiti, ikakhulukazi esihlalweni, njengoba benquma ukuthi izindleko zihamba phambili yini
  • [ Ukuzwa kwe-committee: Isicelo sokufakaza noma ukunikeza ubufakazi obulotshiwe
  • Committee amavoti: ukuphatha ngokunamandla phambi kokuba amavoti ekomiti athonye imiphumela
  • Ukucabangela: Xhumana nabo bonke abameleli njengoba izindleko zifika egumbini eligcwele lamavoti
  • Amakomiti okuhlanganisa: Uma izinguqulo zendlu nezigele zihluka, xhumana nabantu abasebenza ukubuyisana nabo
  • Ingxenye ephakathi: Yenza izicelo zokugcina phambi kwevoti yokugcina

Ukwazi ukuthi izindleko zikuphi kule nqubo kukusiza ukuba ulwele imizamo yakho yokuzitika ngokuphumelela kakhulu futhi uthintane nabantu abafanele ngesikhathi esifanele.

Nikeza Ulwazi Oluwusizo

Abameleli nezisebenzi zabo bayazisa abantu abanganikeza ukwaziswa okuwusizo nobuchwepheshe. Uma unolwazi lobuchwepheshe, ulwazi lomuntu siqu, noma ukwaziswa okusendaweni okuvumelana nombuzo othile, kuhlanganyele. Ungathi:

  • Chaza ukuthi isimiso sikahulumeni silithinta kanjani ibhizinisi noma imboni yakho
  • Hlanganisani imininingwane ngezimo emphakathini
  • Chaza imiphumela engahlosiwe yemithetho ekhona
  • Isikisela amakhambi awusizo asekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho
  • Uhlanganisa abameleli nabanye ochwepheshe noma abaxhasi

Ukuba umthombo onokwethenjelwa wokwaziswa ngezindaba okwaziyo ukukwenza kungakwenza ube usizo olubalulekile ehhovisi lommeleli wakho.

Imithombo Yezakhamuzi

Ukusebenzisa la mathuluzi ngokunenzuzo kungathuthukisa imizamo yakho yokuziphilisa futhi kukwenze wazi izindaba namathuba okuthembisana.

Ukuthola Abameleli Bakho

Ngaphambi kokuba uthintane nabameleli bakho, kudingeka wazi ukuthi bangobani.

  • .gov: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-U.S.Congress inikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi mayelana nomthetho kahulumeni, imisebenzi yekomiti, nendlela yokuxhumana nabameleli bakho
  • Indlu.gov neSigele.gov: ezingokomthetho zendlu neSigeqe ezinezinsukwini zamalungu
  • USA.gov: I-web kahulumeni kazwelonke ihlanganisa amathuluzi okuthola izikhulu zakho ezikhethiwe kuwo wonke amazinga
  • Iziphakamiso zewebhusayithi zesishaya-mthetho sesizwe:[ Isimo ngasinye silondoloza amawebhusayithi anokwaziswa mayelana nezishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni nendlela yokuxhumana nazo
  • Amawebhusayithi kahulumeni e-authone: idolobha kanye namawebhusayithi esifundazwe ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukwaziswa kokuxhumana kwezikhulu zendawo ezikhethiwe

Ukulandelela Imithetho

Ukuze usekele ngokuphumelelayo, kudingeka uhlale wazi umthetho obalulekile:

  • Shor.gov: Search for translate transfer, landela intuthuko yabo, funda umbhalo ophelele, futhi ubone amarekhodi okuvota
  • GovTrack.us: Iwebhu ongesiyo ye-construct eyenza ulwazi lwengqungquthela lufinyeleleke ngokwengeziwe, ngezimpawu zokulandelela nokuqapha
  • Iziphakamiso ze-website zesishaya-mthetho sesizwe:[ Izifundazwe eziningi zinezimiso ezifanayo zokulandela umthetho kahulumeni
  • Amawebhusayithi e-committee: amakomiti omthetho alandela izimiso zokuzwa, ukufakaza, kanye nokwaziswa

Izinhlangano Zezemvume

Izinhlangano ezigxile ezindabeni ezithile zingayisekela kakhulu imizamo yakho yokufuna ukukhokha izimpahla:

  • Amaqoqo aqonde ngqo: Izinhlangano ezisebenza ngezimbangela ozikhathalelayo ngokuvamile zinikeza izixwayiso, amaphuzu okukhuluma, namathuba okuxhumanisa
  • Izinhlangano zomsebenzi: Imisebenzi eminingi inezihlomelo ezisekela izindaba ezihlobene nezimiso
  • Izinhlangano zamakhomu: Amaqembu endawo ngokuvamile asebenza ezindabeni ezithinta umphakathi wakini futhi angakhulisa izwi lakho
  • [ Izinhlangano zemfundo ye-pivic:[ Amaqembu anjengeNhlangano yaMadoda inikeza ukwaziswa okungabhaliwe ngohulumeni nendlela yokuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo

Imicebo Yemfundo

Ukuqonda indlela uhulumeni asebenza ngayo kuthuthukisa ikhono lakho lokusekela ngokuphumelelayo:

  • Inkonzo yokucwaninga esemthethweni iyabika: Itholakala ngeSishaya-mthetho.gov, lokhu kunikeza ukuhlaziywa okungesikho kwesigaba kwezindaba zesimiso
  • Imibiko ye-ofisi yokuqulwa kwamacala e-gasta: ukuhlola nokuhlola izinhlelo zikahulumeni
  • Iwebhusayithi ezibonisayo: amanxusa azimele anikeza ukwaziswa ngezimiso, izinhlelo, nendlela yokuhlanganyela ekubuseni
  • Izikhungo zezivumelwano zomphakathi:[ amayunivesithi amaningi anikeza imithombo nezinhlelo zokusekela ukuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi
  • Imithombo yemali: Imitapo yomphakathi nemfundo ngokuvamile inezincwadi zikahulumeni nosizo lokucwaninga olutholakalayo

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngamalungelo akho omthetho-sisekelo nendlela yokuwasebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo, vakashela i-National Archives ukuze uhlole iBhili yamaLungelo nezinye izincwadi zokusungula, noma hlola i-Chonsitution Ancometic[ ukuze uhlaziye izinhlelo zomthetho-mthethweni ezihlanganisa isigqebhezana sesicelo sokuqala.

Isiphetho: Izwi Lakho Libalulekile

Wona kanye umqondo kahulumeni, oyirepublic, usikisela ilungelo lezakhamuzi zakhe lokuhlangana ngokuthula ukuze zixoxe ngezindaba zomphakathi futhi zicele ukubuyiselwa kwezikhalo.

Ilungelo lakho lokuxhumana nabameleli bakho aliyona nje inqubo engokomthetho eyisisekelo yokubusa kwentando yeningi. Ukuxhumana okuqinile kufeza indima ebalulekile kuhulumeni omelelayo. Uma usebenzisa lelilungelo, uhlanganyela esikweni eliye laqhubekisela phambili intuthuko yomphakathi kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika, kusukela ekuqedeni ubugqila ekulondolozeni amalungelo okuvota kuya ekuthuthukiseni amalungelo omphakathi.

Imithetho evikela ilungelo lakho lokucela inamandla futhi ibanzi. ISichibiyelo sokuqala siqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni ngeke akuvimbele ukuba uthintane nabameleli bakho noma ukukujezisa ngokwenza kanjalo. Imithetho nezindinganiso ze-Congregation zinikeza izisekelo zokusabela kokuxhumana nokusiza ekumangalelweni. Izinqumo zenkantolo ziye zandisa lezi sivikelo ukuze zihlanganise izindlela zokuxhumana zanamuhla, kuhlanganise neziteshi zezokuxhumana zezokuxhumana nezezenhlalo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lamalungelo ahambisana nemithwalo yemfanelo. Ukuqapha okunempumelelo kudinga ukwazi, inhlonipho, inqubo eqinile, nokuphikelela. Kusho ukuqonda inqubo yomthetho, ukuhlanganisa izigijimi zakho, ukwakha ubuhlobo bakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nokubambisana nabanye abahlanganyela nawe ukukhathazeka kwakho. Kusho ukusebenzisa amalungelo akho phakathi kwemingcele engokomthetho, ukugwema ukusongela noma ukuhlukumeza, futhi uhlanganyele ngokwakha ngisho nalabo abangavumelani nawe.

Kulesi sikhathi sokuhlukana kwezombangazwe nokugxeka uhulumeni okusakazekile, kulula ukunomuzwa wokuthi amazwi abantu ngabanye awanandaba. Kodwa umlando ubonisa okuhlukile. Inhlangano yonke enkulu yezenhlalo emlandweni waseMelika iye yathembela ezakhamuzini ezivamile ezisebenzisa ilungelo lazo lokunxusa uhulumeni. Ukushintsha akuvamile ukuba kwenzeke ngobusuku obubodwa, kodwa okuqhubekayo, ukusekela izakhamuzi eziboshelwe ukubusa ngezindlela ezihlukene kuye kwashintsha umphakathi waseMelika ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Abameleli bakho bayakusebenzela. Banesibopho sokulandisa kuwe nakwabanye abamelelwayo ngokhetho. Nakuba bengase bangavumelani nawe noma bavote ngendlela othanda ngayo, kudingeka bezwe kuwe ukuze baqonde ukukhathazeka kwakho, izinto eziza kuqala, kanye nethonya langempela lezwe lezinqumo zabo. Ngisho nalapho uphakathi kwedlanzana kulendaba, ukwenza izwi lakho liqiniseke ukuthi umbono wakho uyingxenye yengxoxo nerekhodi lemithetho.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usekela izinguquko zenqubo, ufuna usizo ngenkinga yenhlangano kahulumeni, noma ufuna ukuveza imibono yakho ezindabeni zamanje, unakho kokubili ilungelo nekhono lokwenza izwi lakho lizwe. Imithetho isohlangothini lwakho, iziteshi zivuliwe, futhi amathuluzi akhona. Okudingekayo ukuthembisana kwakho, izwi lakho, nokuzimisela kwakho ukuhlanganyela enqubweni yentando yeningi.

Ungalindi isikhathi esiphelele noma impikiswano ephelele. Qala manje. Qapha abameleli bakho, funda ngezinto ezithinta wena, futhi ulwele ukufinyelela izikhundla. Yiya ehholo ledolobha. Bhala incwadi. Nciphisa ucingo. Hlanganisa nabanye abathintela wena. Ukuhlanganyela kwakho kuqinisa idemokrasi futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni uyaqhubeka esabela kubantu abakhonzayo.

Ilungelo lokucela uhulumeni liyilungelo lakho. Yisho izinto ezikukhathazayo, futhi ukuhlanganyela kwakho kuyawenza umehluko. Ekusebenziseni lenkululeko eyisisekelo, uhlonipha umbono wabasunguli, qhubeka nomsebenzi wezizukulwane zabasekeli ezafika ngaphambi kwakho, futhi usize ekulolongeni ikusasa lentando yeningi yaseMelika.