Ayini Amakomiti Endlu?

Amakomiti endlu amagumbi enjini ye House of Declarations. Nakuba umphakathi uvame ukugxila kumavoti nasemacaleni aphansi, umsebenzi wangempela wokwenza, ukuhlola, nokuthuthukisa umthetho uyenzeka emakomitini. Lamaqembu amancane, ngalinye elinegunya endaweni ethile yesimiso, avumela abameleli ukuba bathuthukise ubuchwepheshe, baqhube uphenyo oluningi, futhi bagcine igatsha eliphethe linesibopho. Ngaphandle kwamakomiti, i House ayinakukwazi ukusingatha ngokunenzuzo izinkulungwane zezikweletulo ezaqala isiqephu ngasinye. Ngakho ukuqonda amakomiti abalulekile kunoma isiphi isakhamuzi esifuna ukuqonda indlela imithetho engenziwa ngayo ngempela, futhi indlela isikhulu sawo esikwazi ukuzwiwa ngayo.

Indlu manje inamakomiti amile angu-20, kanye namakomiti amaningana akhethiwe nahlangene. Ikomiti ngayinye yakhiwa amalungu amaqembu womabili, futhi ingxenye enkulu iphethe isihlalo kanye nezihlalo eziningi. Ubukhulu bekomiti ngayinye buyahluka, kusukela kumashumi amabili kuya kumashumi amathandathu amalungu, futhi amalungu avame ukusebenza kumakomiti amabili noma amathathu. Izabelo zamakomiti zenziwa ngokuhlola izintando zelungu ngalinye kanye nekomiti yeqembu eliqondisayo.

Izinhlobo Zamakomiti

Akuwona wonke amakomiti akhiwa ngendlela efanayo. Indlu isebenzisa izigaba ezine ezibanzi, ngayinye isebenza umsebenzi ohlukile enqubweni yokushaya umthetho. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zazi ukuthi yiliphi ikomiti okumelwe lilandelwe ngendaba ethile.

Amakomiti Amile

Amakomiti amile ayiziphakamiso ezihlala njalo ezinemithetho emisiwe. Ayizintambo eziyinhloko zomthetho. Izibonelo zihlanganisa iKomiti yeMidlalo ne-Fractal (amantela, ukuhweba, i-Social Security), iKomiti ye-Appropriations (ukunikeza izikweleti), iKomiti yeJaji (izikhongoze, ukufuduka, ukulwa kwezakhamuzi), ne-Komiti ye-Energy and Commist (izentestent, i-tecurearation, i-tecomment commentation transtiation). Imisebenzi eminingi ye-Proption encinci ihamba ngalapy (iphayo), i-appries. Banamandla okugcina ukuzwa, ukuphawula izikweleti, nokubika umthetho weNdlund, ukulwa kweNdlund House.

Khetha amaKomiti

Amakomiti akhethiwe amabhodi esikhashana enzelwe injongo ethile, ngokuvamile ukuphenya indaba ethile noma ukuphathwa kwezindawo ezidlula imibuso eminingi. Awanagunya lokulawula ukubika izikweleti, kodwa angatusa. Izibonelo zamuva zihlanganisa iKomiti Yokukhetha ekuhlaseleni kwe-January 6 ne-Lock Compatee on the Coronavirusic. Khetha amakomiti akhiwa ngesinqumo sendlu futhi anganikwa amandla amancinci noma amanye amathuluzi okucwaninga.

AmaKomiti Ahlangene

Amakomiti ahlangene ahlanganisa amalungu aseMzini naseSihlalweni. Avame ukusetshenziswa ekulungiseni noma ekulungiseni izindlu kunokuba asetshenziswe ekwakheni umthetho wokulungisa. Ngokwesibonelo, iKomiti Yobulungu ephathelene nentela ihlaziya izibalo zemali nenkambiso yentela. Imibiko yeKomiti yezezomnotho yeJoint ethinta izimo zezomnotho. IKomiti yeQuatho eMtatsheni wezincwadi ne-Joint on the Examplication Office. Nakuba ingasunguli izikweli zezikweleti, imibiko nobuchwepheshe bayo bazisa umsebenzi wezinye ikomiti.

AmaKomiti Engqungquthela

Lapho iNdlu neSigele kudlulisa izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene zesivumelwano esifanayo, kumiswa ikomiti yengqungquthela yokuxazulula ukungaboni ngaso linye. Le komiti ekhethekile ye-hoc ineqembu elincane lendlu neSigele elimiswe ngokuhola. Baxoxa ngenguqulo eyekethiswayo okumelwe ivunyelwe yizo zombili izindlu. Amakomiti engqungqungquthela anamandla ngoba akwazi ukubhala futhi izingxenye ezinkulu zomthetho, ngokuvamile ngemva kweminyango evaliwe. Umbiko wabo wokugcina awusoze walungiswa phansi kwendlu noma wamukelwa noma wenqatshwa.

Indlela Amakomiti Ahlelwe Ngayo

Phakathi kwekomiti ngayinye, isakhiwo sangaphakathi esiyinkimbinkimbi sinquma ukuthi ubani ohlela izinhlelo nendlela umsebenzi owenziwa ngayo. Iqembu elikhulu liphethe isihlalo, elilawula isimiso sekomiti, likhetha ofakazi, futhi liphatha inqubo yokunyusa. Ilungu eliphethe leli qembu eliphethe iqembu elincane elisekomitini − lithatha iziqu njengomholi weqembu elincane, linikeza ezinye izihlongozo futhi libambe isihlalo.

Izivumelwano Ezingaphansi

Amakomiti amaningi amile ahlukaniswa aba amakomiti angaphansi agxile ezihlokweni ezimngcingo. Ngokwesibonelo, i House Energy and Committee inezibopho eziyisithupha ezingaphansi ezihlanganisa iHealth, i-Overs and Investigations, kunye no-Communications and Technology. Ikomiti engaphansi iphethe ukuqulwa kwamacala, iqhube izinqumiso zokuqala zezikweleti, futhi itusa ikomiti egcwele. Lengxenye yomsebenzi ivumela ukuba isebenzise ulwazi olunzulu nomsebenzi ongcono. I-all ibhekiselwe kuqala ekomitini engaphansi kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba ithuthele ikomiti yonke.

UStaff weKomiti

Iningi nedlanzana linezisebenzi ezingochwepheshe ezinikeza ubuchwepheshe bezimiso, ulimi lokudweba, ukuhlela ukuqulwa kwecala, nokusingatha izinqubo. Izisebenzi zekomiti zibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwamalungu, abangenisi, umphakathi, nezinhlangano eziphethe. Bavame ukubhala uhlelo lokuqala lwephepha lemali noma imibuzo ebuzwayo phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala. Izakhamuzi ezinikeza ukwaziswa okuwusizo kuzisebenzi zekomiti ngezinye izikhathi zingathonya umthetho ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ukuzwa komphakathi kwenzeke.

Umsebenzi Wekomiti Uyanda

Uhambo lwemali ngekomiti luhilela izinyathelo eziningana ezihlukene. Isinyathelo ngasinye sinikeza amathuba okuba isakhamuzi sifake futhi sihlole umphakathi.

I - “referral ”

Uma isikweleti sesethuliwe, sibhekiselwa ekomitini noma emakomitini aphethe indaba yayo. Ngokuvamile, isikweleti singase sibhekiswe kumakomiti amaningi (lena kubizwa ngokuthi ama-stateril) amaningi. i-Speaker of the House inquma nge-parestrals. Kumthetho omkhulu, iSpeaker ingalawula ukuthi yimaphi amakomiti athola isibhamu esibhakabhakeni, amandla angaklama ngokuphawulekayo umkhiqizo wokugcina.

Izindlebe

AmaKomiti anezikhalo zokuqoqa ukwaziswa. Izindlebe zingaba izikhulu zezemithetho (ukuhlola isikweleti), ukuqondisa (ukubukeza indlela umthetho osetshenziswa ngayo), uphenya (ukuveza amaqiniso ngesenzakalo), noma ukuqinisekisa (ngegatsha eliphethe, nakuba zivamile kakhulu eSigele). OFakazi bahlanganisa izikhulu zezomthetho, ochwepheshe, abameleli bezimboni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izakhamuzi ezivamile. Wonke umuntu angafaka isicelo sokufakaza noma sokunikeza ubufakazi obubhaliwe. Nakuba kungezona zonke izicelo ezinikezwayo, amakomiti avame ukwamukela izinkulumo ezibhaliwe zomlando.

Ukuphawula

Ngemva kokuzwana, ikomiti egcwele noma ikomiti engaphansi iphethe isimiso sokuphawula ukuze icabangele ukulungisa nokuvota ukuthi izolithuthukisa yini izindleko. Amaphawu alapho impi yangempela ngolimi lwemali ikhona khona. Amalungu anikeza ukubuyiselwa, impikiswano, kanye nokuvota. Umthetho wesihlalo ozilungisayo ucatshangelwa futhi ungasebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvimbela noma izinguquko eziqhubekayo. Amaphawu athengwa obala futhi ageleze. Izakhamuzi zingathintana nomzila ohlongozwayo futhi zithintane nabameleli bazo ukuze zizwane nokusekela noma ukuphikisa.

Ukubika Ibhilidi

Uma amavoti amaningi efuna ukuqhubekisela phambili izindleko, ikomiti inikeza umbiko ichaza umsebenzi wayo, kuhlanganise nombhalo wesikhokhelo, ukuhlaziywa kwengxenye ngengxenye yengxenye, izindleko, kanye nokushwankathelwa kwezinguquko. Lombiko uhlanganisa nokuphikisa noma imibono eyengeziwe yamalungu amancane. Imali ibekwa kwelinye lamakhalenda amaningana endlu (umz., i-Union Calendar for appropriations noma izikweleti zemali; Indlu yeKhalenda labanye abaningi). IKomiti yeMitheli, umgcini wesango onamandla, khona - ke inquma ukuthi isibambiso semali sizokwenziwa kanjani phansi futhi kuhlanganisa nokuthi impikiswano izothatha isikhathi eside kangakanani.

Isicelo Sokuphonsa

Uma ikomiti yenqaba ukwenza ifomu, iningi lamalungu endlu (218) lingasayina isicelo sokukhipha isicelo sokuphoqa izindleko zekomiti futhi ziphume phansi. Lokhu akuvamile ukusetshenziswa kodwa kuyi-valve yokuphepha ebalulekile evumela indlu ukuba idlule isihlalo noma ikomiti engenaluzwela. Izicelo zokucela ukukhokhelwa kumelwe zilinde inkathi ethile ngemva kokuthunyelwa kwe-athoral, futhi izihlalo zamakomiti zivame ukunyakazisa izikweletu ukuze zigweme ukudededelwa.

Amandla Amakomiti Nokuphatha

AmaKomiti enza okungaphezu komthetho ohlelayo, futhi aqondisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni, izinhlelo, nezimiso. Lo msebenzi ubaluleke njengokugunyaza, ngoba uqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho isetshenziswa ngendlela ehloselwe yona nokuthi imali yabakhokhi bentela isetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha.

Ukuzwa ngokuqondisisa, ukuhlola, nemibiko kungaveza ushintsho olukhulu ngaphandle komthetho omusha. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuchayeka kwekomiti ekungcoleni noma ekuxhashazweni kungaphoqelela inxusa ukuba lishintshe imithetho yalo noma lishukumisele umongameli ukuba athathe isikhundla sezikhulu. Amakomiti angaphoqelela amapenanti ukuba aphoqe ubufakazi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezincwadi. Amandla okuhlola abanzi, kodwa alinganiselwe ngamalungelo omthetho nemithetho yeNdlu. Izakhamuzi zingalandela umsebenzi wekomiti futhi zinikeze izikhalo noma ubufakazi bokukhohlakala kwezenzo ezimbi ekomitini efanelekayo.

Ukuphathwa kwekomiti kuhlanganisa nokubukeza iHhovisi loMahlulelo (GAO) imibiko, Office of Management ne-Hlorin (OLT) ubufakazi, kanye [[FLT]] noMhloli jikelele (IGL). Amakomiti amaningi anezilinganiso ezingaphezulu kanye nezinga lokuhlola nokuHlalonga.

Indima Yamakomiti Ekushintsheni Imithetho

Ngenxa yokuthi amakomiti alawula indawo yokuqala yezindleko eziningi, anethonya elikhulu kulokho ekugcineni okucatshangelwa yiNdlu. Isivumelwano esingadluli ekomitini asivamile ukufinyelela phansi.

Izintambo zamakomiti zilapho kunezinguquko ezinkulu khona. Izinqumiso ezisetshenziswayo ekomitini zingaguqula izinga lemali, amazinga okuxhasa imali, noma ithonya lokulawula. Ngokuvamile, isihlalo sekomiti kanye nelungu eliphezulu kuxoxa “inguquko ye-aignome ” ehlanganisa izici zezicelo eziningi futhi ibonise umphumela wobufakazi bokuzwa. Lolulimi oluthathelwe indawo lusebenza njengesisekelo sokulungisa ezinye izigwebo.

AmaKomiti futhi aphethe amandla [a [[FLT: 0] noma “i-athocket” inamandla[. Isihlalo singanqaba ukuhlela ukuzwa noma ukubhapathiza emalini, sibubulale ngokuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokuvota okubhaliwe. Lokhu kugcina isango kungenza ukuba amaqembu anenzalo nezakhamuzi zizame ukuthonya amalungu esihlalo kanye nesihluthulelo kude kufikelelwe isibalo.

Indlela Izakhamuzi Ezingahlanganyela Ngayo

Nakuba le ndlu iyindikimba emelela abantu, umsebenzi wayo awubonakali.

Umsebenzi Wekomiti Yokuqondisa Izincwadi

Indawo elula kakhulu yokuqala yi- Corest.gov, ehlela wonke amakomiti endlu nezimiso zawo. Ikomiti ngayinye igcina iwebhusayithi yomphakathi enezaziso zokuzwa, izinhlu zokufakaza, ama-webcast, nezincwadi. Ukusayinwa kwezixwayiso ezivela ekomitini ethile kukuvumela ukwamukela izaziso uma ukuzwa noma ukuphawula kuhleliwe. Enye inzuzo ingu GovTrack. , indawo engahambisani.

Ngenisa Ubufakazi Obulotshiwe

Ngisho noma ungakwazi ukuya enkantolo, ungafaka incwadi ebhaliwe ukuze ibhalwe. Amakomiti amaningi amukela ukukhulumela ngewebhusayithi yawo noma ngokuthumela umyalezo wekomiti. Amazwi akho kufanele abe afingqiwe, ayiqiniso, futhi aqonde kahle ngendaba. Izindaba zomuntu siqu ezihambisana nemininingwane ziphumelela kakhulu. Izisebenzi zekomiti zifunda lokhu kuzithoba futhi zingabelana namalungu.

Yiba Khona Noma Uqaphele Izindlebe

Izindaba zamakomiti zisobala futhi njengoba umqedazwe ugcwele, cishe zonke zihlala e-YouTube, House.gov, noma e-indawo yekomiti. Ukubuka icala kukwenza uqonde indlela amalungu acabanga ngayo, yimiphi imibuzo ayifunayo, naziphi izimpikiswano ezizithola zikholisa. Kwezinye izimo, ungasizana futhi nomuntu eCapitol noma emkhakheni wokulalela.

Xhumana Nommeleli Wakho

Ummeleli wakho okhethiwe yizwi lakho eliyinhloko emakomitini. Uma isikweleti sisekomitini engaphansi noma ekomitini egcwele, shayela ummeleli ucingo noma u-imeyili futhi ucele ukukhuluma nomphathi ohlanganisa leyo nkinga. Thetha ikomiti nenombolo yemali. Uma ummeleli wakho ehlala ekomitini ehlobene, umyalezo wakho uthwala ubunzima obungaphezulu ngoba unevoti eqondile. Indlu.gov uthola ithuluzi lakho lommeleli wakho [

Landela Imithombo Yezenhlalo Yekomiti

Amakomiti amaningi afaka ushintsho lwesikhathi sangempela ku-X (eyayiyi-Twitter), u-YouTube, no Facebook. Ngemva kwe-akhawunti yekomiti angakunika izaziso ngokushesha uma kuba nesango noma ukuvota. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu uma isikweleti sishesha ukuhamba futhi unesikhathi esincane sokusikala.

Amakomiti Ayinhloko Endlu Okumelwe Azi

Nakuba zonke izindaba zekomiti, ezinye zinethonya elikhulu kakhulu ngesimiso esithinta amaMelika ngokuqondile.

  • IKomiti yendlu ngezindlela nangendlela - Agumes ntela, amaphoyisa, i-Social Security, iMedicare, nezivumelwano zezohwebo. Ngenxa yokuthi ilawula inzuzo, ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ikomiti enamandla kakhulu eSivumelwaneni. Noma iluphi ushintsho lwentela noma inguquko egunyaziwe kumelwe idlule ngale komiti.
  • IKomiti yendlu ephakanyiswayo - inquma indlela imali kahulumeni esetshenziswa ngayo phakathi kwemali engu-12 yonyaka yezindleko zokuhlola. Izakhamuzi zingahlola indlela amazinga okuxhasa imali ashintsha ngayo izinhlelo njengemfundo, isivikelo, noma isivikelo sendawo ezungezile. Le komiti futhi yengamela ngayo imali ephuthumayo nezikweleti zezimo zokwenezela.
  • IKomiti yendlu eqondene ne-Judicary – Icala ezinkantolo, elimelene nomthetho-mthetho, ukufuduka, impahla yolwazi, amalungelo omphakathi, kanye nokubuyiselwa komthetho-sisekelo. Le komiti inendima eyinhloko ezimpikiswaneni eziphathelene nesimiso somngcele, umthetho wezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuphathwa komongameli.
  • IKomiti yendlu yoMbhoqo weMisebe nezentengiselwano - Ihlanganisa izihloko eziningi: Ukwelashwa (kuhlanganise iMedicare neAfford Care Act), isimiso samandla, indawo ezungezile, ezentengiselwano zamazwe ahlukene, ukuphepha kokudla nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kanye nokuxhumana. Izindleko eziningi eziphikisana kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje ziqalile lapha.
  • Ikomiti yendlu ekuqondiseni nasekulandiseni - Ikomiti eyinhloko yophengululo. Inegunya elikhulu lokuhlola noma yiyiphi into engaphansi kwamanye amakomiti, iyenze ibe ithuluzi elinamandla kuwo womabili amaqembu. Ihlola udoti, ukukhwabanisa, nokuxhaphaza ezimisweni zikahulumeni.
  • [ Ikomiti yendlu ngemithetho -Nakuba ingasiphathi isimiso esingaphansi, imisa izinqumo zempikiswano kuyo yonke imibango efika phansi. Ngenxa yokuthi ilawula ukuthi ikuphi ukulungisa okuhlelekile nokuthi singakanani isikhathi esivunyelwe, inganquma ngokuphumelelayo umphumela womthetho ophikisayo.

Isiphetho

Amakomiti endlu awumgogodla wenqubo yemithetho. Akhona lapho kwakhiwe khona ubuchwepheshe, lapho kwenziwa khona ukuthengiselana, nalapho izikweleti eziningi ziqhubeka noma zifa. Kubantu abafuna ukuthonya isimiso sikahulumeni, ukuwashaya indiva amakomiti kusho ukungazinaki izici ezifinyeleleka kakhulu nezinemiphumela emshinini wokwenza umthetho.

Izindaba ezinhle ziwukuthi inqubo yekomiti isobala ngokuphawulekayo uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izingxenye zikahulumeni. Izindlebe ziyageleza, kusakazwa amabhukwana, futhi izisebenzi ziyatholakala. Ngomakhalekhukhwini noma nge-computer yomtapo wezincwadi, noma isiphi isakhamuzi singalandela isikhwama semali ngekomiti, sinikeze umthombo, futhi sigcine abameleli bazo benobuthakazelo. Isimiso asiphelele . orgateagea, ukucindezela kweqembu, nokugqugquzela konke kusiguqula, kodwa sihlala sivulekile kulabo abathatha isikhathi sokungenela. Ukuqonda ikomiti inyathelo lokuqala lokuba umbambi hulumeni waseMelika ofundile, hhayi nje isikhulumi nje.