Table of Contents
Ukuqonda Imali Yomkhankaso Nomphumela Wayo Embusweni Wentando Yeningi
Izimali zenkampane zihilela ukuxhasa imikhankaso yezombangazwe futhi zifeza indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni isimo sezombangazwe kuzo zonke izigaba zikahulumeni.
Indlela imikhankaso yezombangazwe exhaswa ngayo ngezimali ithinta indlela abazofundela ukuvota abaxhumana ngayo nabantu abavoti, okuwumyalezo ofinyelela umphakathi, nendlela izinqubo ezimiswa ngayo lapho izikhulu zikhethwa ukuba zibe yizikhundla. Uma uqonda izimali zezentengiselwano zomkhankaso, uzuza ukuqonda ngamandla athonya izinqumo zezombangazwe ezithinta ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke — kusukela ezingeni lesikole sendawo ofunda kuyo kuya esimweni semigwaqo yakho, kusukela esimisweni sokwelapha kuya ezimisweni zendawo ezungezile.
Ubufakazi bezimali zomkhankaso busiza abavoti ukuba benze izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini futhi bakhuthaze ukulandisa kwezombangazwe. Ngokulandela lemali, izakhamuzi zingaqonda kangcono ukuthi obani abasekelayo nokuthi yini ethakazelelwa yilabo abasekeli abangase babe nayo emiphumeleni ethile yezimiso ezithile. Lolwazi lunika abavoti amandla okubuza imibuzo egxekayo futhi lufune ukuba abameleli babo abakhethiwe bakhonze isithakazelo somphakathi kunokuba bafeze izithakazelo ezikhethekile.
Izisekelo Zemali Yomkhankaso
Lokho Okubangela Umkhankaso Wezimali
Izimali zezimali eziphakanyiswayo zihlanganisa yonke imali ephakanyiswayo futhi echithwa ekuthonyeni okhethweni kanye nemiphumelo yezombangazwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa iminikelo eqondile kwabazohlolwa, ukuchithwa kwamaqembu ezombangazwe, izindleko ezizimele ezikhishwa amaqembu angaphandle, nokukhishwa kwezimali ezingase zisekele noma ziphikise. Imithombo yezimali zezezimali zezezimali ihlukene, kusukela kwabanikela ngezimali ezincane ezicebile kwabazuzisi abacebile, kusukela ezinyusenhlanganweni zezisebenzi kuya emakomitini ezombangazwe, nasemakomitini emisebenzi embusweni yotshani empoqo empo empo empo efuna i-PACsworket enganyusa izibalo ezingenamkhawulo.
Imikhankaso yezezimali idinga izimali ezinkulu ukuze isebenze ngokuphumelelayo. Izikhulu zidinga imali yokuqasha izisebenzi, indawo yokuqasha ihhovisi, ukuhlola, ukuveza ukukhangisa, ukuhlela izenzakalo, nokuxhumana nabavoti ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zemithombo yezindaba. Okhethweni banamuhla, ukukhangisa ngemishini, ukukhangisa ngemishini, ukuvota, nezinhlelo zokuvota eziyinkimbinkimbi ziye zabaluleke kakhulu ngokwandayo, futhi zibiza kakhulu (nemikhankani yokuncintisana).
Umsebenzi Wokuqondisa
Izimali zomkhankaso e-United States zisebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho eyinkimbinkimbi kahulumeni, uhulumeni, nezindawo eklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala, ukuvimbela inkohlakalo, futhi ilinganise ithonya lemali kwezombangazwe. Ezingeni likahulumeni, iFederal Evotion Commission yengamela imithetho yezimali yomkhankaso, idinga ukudalulwa kweminikelo nezindleko, ibeke imingcele yomnikelo kubantu ngabanye nezinhlangano, futhi ifaka imithetho yokhetho.
Imibuso nezindawo ngokuvamile inemithetho yayo yezezimali evimbela kakhulu noma ngaphansi kunemithetho kahulumeni. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zasebenzisa izimiso zezimali zomphakathi emahhovisi athile, kuyilapho ezinye zinemingcele eqinile yomnikelo noma izimfuneko zokudalula ezibanzi. Ukuqonda imithetho eqondile esetshenziswa endaweni yakini kubalulekile ekuhloleni indlela imali ethonya ngayo isimo sezombangazwe sendawo yakini.
Lendawo yokuqondisa iye yashintsha kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yabunjwa yizinqumo zenkantolo eziphawulayo, izinguquko zemithetho, kanye nezinguquko zezombangazwe. Isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme sinjenge- Citizens United v. Federal Evolution Commission [ ngokuyisisekelo iye yaguqula isimiso sezezimali zomkhankaso ngokuvumela izindleko ezizimele ezingenamingcele zezinhlangano nezinyunyana, okuholela ekwandeni kwenani le-PACS enkulu namaqembu emali emnyama angasebenzisa izilinganiso ezingenakulinganiswa ukuze athonyele ngokhetho ngaphandle kokuhlangana ngokuqondile nababelwa.
Ukubaluleka Kokuthola Imali Ethe Xaxa Nokungagwegwesi
Umkhankaso wezezimali ofanelekile nosobala uqinisekisa ukuthi abazofuna ukubhapathizwa bangancintisana emkhakheni wokudlala, lapho imibono nezimfuneko zibaluleke kakhulu kunokufinyelela abanikeli abacebile. Uma isimiso sezezimali sisebenza kahle, sivumela amazwi ahlukahlukene ukuba ahlanganyele enkulumweni yezombangazwe futhi anikeze abavoti izinqumo eziqotho phakathi kwabazohlolwa abanezimo nezinto ezihlukile.
Uma imali ilinganiselwe noma ingashiwongo, ingaholela ethonyeni elingafanele ngezithakazelo ezikhethekile noma abanikela ngezimali abacebile abangase babe nezinhlelo eziphikisana nesithakazelo somphakathi esibanzi. Lokhu kungathinta izinqumo zenqubo futhi kunciphise ukwethemba umphakathi ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni. Izakhamuzi ezikholelwa ukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe zisabela kangcono kubantu abakhulu abanikelayo kunakubantu abavamile zingayifuni intando yeningi futhi zingase zihlubukise ngokuphelele inqubo yezombangazwe.
Usongo Lokonakala Nethonya Elingafanele
Enye yezinto ezikhathaza kakhulu ngezimali zomkhankaso ukukhohlakala noma ukuvela kwenkohlakalo. Uma abafuna ukukhokha imali bethembele kakhulu eminikelweni emikhulu evela kubantu abambalwa abanikelayo, kunengozi yokuthi bayozizwa bebophekile kulabo abanikelayo lapho sebesehhovisi. Lokhu kungabonakala njengabangenisi bemihlangano futhi bethola amathuba okwenza ukuba izakhamuzi ezivamile zingemukeli lutho − noma njengemiphumela engokoqobo ezuzisa umphakathi.
Ngisho noma kungatholakali ngokomthetho ocacile, ukuncika kwabanikeli abakhulu kungathonya ngendlela ecushiwe indlela izikhulu ezikhethiwe ezicabanga ngayo ngezindaba futhi zihlele izinto eziza kuqala. Abathathi-mgomo bangase bagweme ukuthatha izikhundla ezizohlukanisa abaxhasi abakhulu, noma bangase bachithe isikhathi esiningi ezindabeni ezithinta abasekeli babo bezezimali. Lokhu kungasusa izinhlelo zezombangazwe ezimayelana nezakhamuzi ezivamile ezingenayo izimali ukuze benze iminikelo emikhulu.
Izithiyo Zokuhileleka Kwezombangazwe
Izindleko eziphakeme zemikhankaso yanamuhla zibangela izithiyo ezinkulu ekuthatheni ingxenye yezombangazwe, kokubili kubantu abazongenela kanye nezakhamuzi. Abantu ababoshelwe abazokhonza imiphakathi yabo ngokuphumelelayo bangase bakhethe ukungathathi izikhundla ngoba bengakwazi ukungenela iziteshi ezicebile noma bengazimisele ukuchitha amahora amaningi beqoqa izinkonzo.
Kubantu abavamile, ukubusa kwemali enkulu kwezombangazwe kungadala umqondo wokuthi ukuhlanganyela kwabo akunandaba. Uma ukukhangisa kwezombangazwe kugcwalisa i-audio ngemiyalezo exhaswe izigidi zamaRandi evela emaqenjini angaphandle, abavoti ngabanye bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi ukuvota kwabo okukodwa noma umnikelo omncane akunangqondo. Lo mbono ululaza ukubopha umphakathi futhi ungaholela ekuthobeni futhi unciphise ukuhlanganyela kwezinye izinhlobo zezombangazwe.
Ukubaluleka Komshuwalense Nokubona Ngaphakathi
Ukubonisana kwezimali zomkhankaso kusebenza njengendlela yokuhlola inkohlakalo engenzeka nethonya elingadingekile. Uma abavoti bebona ukuthi ubani oxhasa imikhankaso yezombangazwe, bangenza izahlulelo ezihlakaniphile ngabazohlolwa kanye nezinto ezingase zize kuqala. Izimfuneko zokuthola izimvume zokusebenza zivumela izintatheli, amaqembu eziqaphe, nezakhamuzi ezikhathalelayo ukuba zilandele imali futhi ziphawule izingxabano ezingase zibe khona zesithakazelo noma ngokuphathelene nezindlela zethonya.
Nokho, isimiso samanje sinezikhala eziphawulekayo ekubonakaleni. Kunjalo-ke kubizwa ngokuthi "imali emnyama" amaqembu . "amaqembu" qhaza inzuzo esetshenziswa kwezombangazwe ngaphandle kokuthulula abanikeli bazo"aye anda kakhulu emijikelezweni yokukhetha yamuva nje. Lamaqembu angasebenzisa izilinganiso ezingenamkhawulo ukuthonya okhethweni kuyilapho egcina abavoti benobumfantu mayelana nokuthi ubani ngempela oxhasa imisebenzi yabo. Lokhu kungabikho kokubona kudelela ukulandisa futhi kwenza kube nzima ngezakhamuzi ukuhlaziya imithombo yemiyalezo yezombangazwe ezihlangana nayo.
Indlela Imali Yomkhankaso Ewuthinta Ngayo Umphakathi Wakini
Inkampane ithonya ngokuqondile izimiso zendawo nentuthuko yomphakathi ngezindlela ezithinta ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke. Imithombo yezimali yabazohlolwa ingahlela izinto eziza kuqala ezisendabeni ezisukela ekwakhiweni kwezindawo nentuthuko kuya ekuxhaseni imali, ekuvikeleni komphakathi, ekuvikelekeni kwendawo, nasezinkonzweni zezenhlala - kahle. Ukuqonda lokhu kuxhumana kukusiza ukuba uhlole abazofuna ukubhapathizwa ngokuhluzekile futhi usekele ngokuphumelela kakhulu izidingo zomphakathi wakho.
Ukuthuthuka Kwendawo Nezwe Kusebenzisa Izinqumo
Abanikeli abathola imali enkulu evela kubakhi bezakhiwo, izinkampani zokwakha, noma izithakazelo zebhizinisi bangase bafake phambili imisebenzi ezuzisa abanikazi babo, ngisho nalapho leyo misebenzi iphakamisa ukukhathazeka kwezakhamuzi ngezimoto, ithonya lendawo noma abantu bendawo. Izinqumo zokuhlela indawo, ukugunyazwa kwemisebenzi emikhulu yokuthuthukisa izakhiwo, kanye nokutshala imali kungathonywa yimibango phakathi kwezikhulu ezikhethiwe nezithakazelo zokuthuthuka.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi zonke izimiso zobungane zomphakathi zonakele noma ziphambene nesithakazelo somphakathi. Ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho kungaletha imisebenzi, intela, futhi kuthuthukise izikhundla emiphakathini. Nokho, lapho izinqumo zentuthuko zenziwa ngaphandle kosizo olufanele emphakathini noma zibonakala zisekela njalo izithakazelo zabanikeli bemikhankaso ngenxa yezindaba zomphakathi, kuphakamisa imibuzo engokomthetho mayelana nokuthi obani abathakazelelwayo ngempela.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwemfundo Nezimali Zasesikoleni
Umkhankaso wokufaka igalelo emalungwini esikole, izishayamthetho zezikhulu zikahulumeni, nezinye izikhulu ezithonya isimiso semfundo zingathinta izinqumo mayelana nezimali zesikole, izifundo, isinxephezelo sothisha, izikole zezifundo ezikhokhelwayo, kanye nezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa imfundo. Ababhebhetheki abahlukene ezimpikiswaneni zemfundo (izinyunyana zemfundo), abasekeli besikole, izinkampani zokuhlola, kanye nemishini yezemfundo (zobuchwepheshe) bazama ukuthonya isimiso ngeminikelo yomkhankaso nangezindleko ezizimele.
Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlangana kwezimali kunganikeza ukuqonda ukuthi kungani kumiswa izimiso ezithile zemfundo futhi kukusiza ukuba uhlole ukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe zenza izinqumo ezisekelwe ekucwaningeni ngemfundo nakubafundi noma ezinkonzweni zabo ezingokwezimali.
Ukuphepha Komphakathi Nobulungisa Besigebengu
Izimali zezezimali zomkhankaso zifeza indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ukuphepha komphakathi nomthetho wezephulamthetho endaweni. Izinyunyana zamaphoyisa zivame ukunikela kakhulu kubantu abazomiswa njengemeya, umkhandlu wedolobha, ummeli wesifunda, namanye amahhovisi athonya ukugcinwa komthetho. Izinkampani zasejele zomuntu siqu namaqembu ezimboni ezibopha isibopho somthetho ziye zanikela ngokomlando ekumiseni nasekukhuthazeni imizamo yokulawula umthetho ezingeni lombuso.
Lokhu kuhlangana okungokwezimali kungathinta izimiso ezithinta ukulandisa kwamaphoyisa, ushintsho lomthetho wobugebengu, ibheyili yenguquko, iziqondiso zokugweba, nokuboshwa. Imiphakathi efuna ukulungisa izimiso zobulungisa zobugebengu noma ukuthuthukisa ubuhlobo bamaphoyisa kufanele iqonde indlela imikhankaso yezezimali engabangela ngayo ukumelana nokushintsha noma ukuguqula izinto eziza kuqala zabashushisi abakhethiwe nezinye izikhulu.
Isivikelo Sendawo Ezungezile Nempilo Yomphakathi
Izimiso zendawo ezungezile neyezempilo yomphakathi — kuhlanganise nezimiso zokulawula izinga lomoya namanzi, ukulawulwa kwemfucumfucu, ukulawulwa kokungcola, kanye nesimo sezulu — zingathonywa yiminikelo yomkhankaso evela ezimbonini ezizothonywa izindinganiso eziqinile zendawo ezungezile. Izinhlangano zikawoyela negesi, izimboni zokwakha, izithakazelo zezolimo nezinye izimboni ngokuvamile zisiza abamelene nezimiso zendawo ezungezile ezizibheka njengeziwumthwalo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaqembu asebenza ngokunenzuzo endaweni ezungezile nezinkampani zamandla ahlanzekile ahlanganyela nasemisebenzini yezezimali ukuze asekele abazohlolwa abahlela ukuvikelwa kwendawo ezungezile nesimo sezulu. Ukuqonda lamathonya ezomnotho ancintisanayo kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlaziye izimpikiswano zesimiso sendawo ezungezile futhi kubeke izikhulu ezikhethiwe icala ngezinqumo zazo ezithinta impilo yomphakathi nezinga lendawo ezungezile.
Izakhiwo Nezinkonzo Zomphakathi
Izinqumo eziphathelene nokutshala inzuzo yezezezimali − kuhlanganise nemigwaqo, amabhuloho, izinto zokuthutha umphakathi, amanzi nezimiso zokukhuculula indle, amapaki, nezindawo zomphakathi — zingathonywa yiminikelo yomkhankaso evela kumakhili, izimboni zobunjiniyela, izinkampani zokwakha, namanye amabhizinisi azuza emisebenzini yomphakathi. Nakuba ukutshala izakhiwo zezemisebenzi kubalulekile ukuze umphakathi uqhubeke kahle, inqubo yokunquma ukuthi iziphi izinhlelo zokuhlela izakhiwo nezindawo zokuqasha kumelwe zibe zokwenza umsebenzi wazo futhi kusekelwe ezidingweni zomphakathi kunesidingo sezombangazwe.
Ngokufanayo, izinqumo eziphathelene nezinkonzo zomphakathi zihlanganisa imitapo yezincwadi, izinhlelo zokuzijabulisa, izinkonzo zomphakathi, kanye nezinyathelo zezempilo zomphakathi ezingase zihlotshaniswe umkhankaso wezezimali. Izinhlangano ezihlobana nomkhankaso wezezimali ezikhuthele zibekwe kangcono ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izakhiwo nezimiso zenkonzo zibonisa izidingo zomphakathi zangempela kunokuba zibonise izithakazelo zabanikele ngezombangazwe.
Umphumela Wezwe Wemali Yomkhankaso
Ukuqonda indlela imali ethonya ngayo ukhetho nokwenziwa kwezimiso ezingokomthetho kukusiza ukuba uxhumanise amachashaza phakathi kweminikelo yomkhankaso nemithetho ehambisana nezindaba ezisukela ezindabeni zezempilo kuya kwezezimali, kusukela ezimisweni zezimali kuya kwezakwamanye amazwe.
Isimiso Sokunakekelwa Kwempilo
Imboni yezempilo yezempilo − ihlanganisa izinkampani ezithaka imithi, izinkampani zomshuwalense wezempilo, izibhedlela, namaqembu odokotela — ingenye yemithombo emikhulu kakhulu yeminikelo yezehlakalo ezisezingeni likahulumeni. Leminikelo ithonya izimpikiswano ngokuphathelene nenguquko yezempilo, inqubo yomshuwalense, iMedicare neMedicaid, nezinye izindaba ezingenakubalwa ezithinta izindleko nezingalo zokunakekelwa kwempilo kwezigidi zaseMelika.
Izingxoxo zezempilo zembula ukuthi kungani iziphakamiso ezithile zenguquko zithola inzuzo kuyilapho abanye belwa kanzima, ukuthi kungani umthetho wokuvimbela izidakamizwa ungase uncishiswe, nokuthi kungani izithakazelo zezinhlangano zezokunakekela impilo ngezinye izikhathi zibonakala zithatha kuqala kunezidingo zesineke. Izakhamuzi ezifuna ukusekela inguquko yezempilo kufanele ziqonde lezi zingcingo zezimali ezinamandla futhi zisekele izithakazelo zesineke eziphambili ezizuzisa inzuzo yezezimboni.
Ukubuyiselwa Kwemali Nomthetho Wezomnotho
Imboni yezinkonzo zezimali yenza umkhankaso omkhulu wokuthonya imithetho yebhange, umthetho wokungawafaki amafa, isivikelo sabathengi, nezinye izimiso zezomnotho.
Lokhu kusebenzelana ngokwezimali kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani imizamo yokulungisa ngokwezimali ngokuvamile ibhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu, ukuthi kungani izinyathelo zokuvikela abathengi zingase zibe buthaka, nokuthi kungani izithakazelo zezikhungo ezinkulu zezimali ngezinye izikhathi zibonakala zingaphezu kwezithakazelo zabathengi abavamile namabhizinisi amancane. Ukuqonda izimali zezentengiselwano ngokwesimiso sezomnotho kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlole ukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe zisebenza yini ukuze zakhe isimiso esihlelekile sezimali noma zivikele izithakazelo zabanikela ngazo eWall Street.
Ukulawula Isimo Sezulu Namandla
Izinkampani zamandla − kuhlanganise nabakhiqizi bakawoyela negesi, izinkampani zamalahle, izinto zokuphehla amandla, kanye nezinkampani ezivuselelwayo, zingabantu abayinhloko abadlala ngezimali zomkhankaso, bafaka iqhaza kwabazo kanye namaqembu asekela izimiso ezithandwayo zamandla. Izimboni zikaphethiloli zemivubukulo zinikele kakhulu ngokomlando kwabamelene nokusebenza kwesimo sezulu nomthetho wendawo ezungezile, kuyilapho izinkampani ezihlanzekile zamandla zisekela ngokuqhubekayo abazakhela amandla avuselelwe nenqubo yesimo sezulu.
Lezi zinzuzo ezincintisanayo zezimali zihlela izimpikiswano zezwe ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, isimiso samandla, ukulawulwa kwendawo ezungezile, kanye nokushintshela ekuhlanzekeni kwamandla. Izakhamuzi ezikhathalela ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokuvikela indawo ezungezile kufanele ziqaphele imisebenzi yezezimali yemboni yamandla futhi zisekele abazohloba ukuthatha indawo engcono kakhulu kunenzuzo yezemboni kaphethiloli.
Imithetho Yentela
Abantu abacebile nezinkampani benza umkhankaso omkhulu wokuthonya isimiso sentela ezingeni likahulumeni. Leminikelo ithinta izimpikiswano ngamazinga entela, izikweleti, izikhala, izikhala ezinzima kakhulu, futhi eziningi zezinhlelo zayo zizuzisa izimboni ezithile noma abantu abacebile abanemithombo yokufuna ukwelashwa okufanelekile.
Ukuqonda ukuhlobana kweminikelo yentela nemithetho yentela kuyasiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani kunzima kangaka ukuguqula intela ngokubanzi, ukuthi kungani ukuphulwa kwentela okuthile kuphikelela naphezu kwezimiso ezingabazeki zokuthethelela, nokuthi kungani umthwalo wentela wabelwa ngendlela okuyiyo. Izakhamuzi ezifuna isimiso sentela esingcono kufanele zisekele umkhankaso wokuthuthukisa inguquko yezezimali nabafuna ukukhokha intela ngokungakhethi ngenxa yezinzuzo zabacebile.
Izindlela Zokuhlala Unolwazi Ngezimali Zomkhankaso
Ukuhlala wazi ngezimali zomkhankaso kudinga ukuthembisana ngenkuthalo nokuzimisela ukumba obala ukwaziswa okutholakalayo.
Landela Imibiko Yezimali Nezikhwama Zomkhandlu
Kudingeka ukuba ama-frederal namakomiti ezombangazwe abhale imibiko njalo ne-Federal Ecomment Commission iveza iminikelo nezindleko zayo. Lemibiko itholakala obala ngewebhusayithi ye-FEC [, lapho ungafuna khona ukwaziswa mayelana nabazofundela ukubhapathizwa abathile, amakomiti, nabanikeli. Imibiko inikeza ukwaziswa okuningi ngoni lokunikela emikhankasweni, ukuthi ingakanani, nokuthi imikhankaso isebenzisa malini yabo kangakanani.
Izwe nezikhulu zokhetho zendawo zifaka imibiko efanayo neyasesifundazweni noma kuziphathimandla zendawo. Izifunda eziningi zine-nethiwekhi lapho ungasesha khona ukwaziswa kwezezimali kwesizwe nezinhlanga zendawo. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa le mithola-zincwadi kudinga umzamo othile, kodwa kuyikhono elibalulekile ezakhamuzini ezifuna ukuqonda amandla ezomnotho alawula isimo sazo sezombangazwe.
Izinhlangano eziningana ezingafaki nzuzo ziqoqa futhi zihlaziye ukwaziswa kwezezimali ukuze zikwazi ukufinyelelwa umphakathi. I Center for Responsive Politics (Opensets.org) inikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi ngezimali zomkhankaso kahulumeni, kuhlanganise nezindawo zokusesha ezisenezeli, ukuhlaziywa kweminikelo yezemboni, nokulandelela izindleko zokufuna. I-Mantellion.org igxila emalini yomkhankaso wezwe, inikeza ukwaziswa okuningi ngeminikelo nezindleko zokhetho zikahulumeni kulo lonke izwe.
Yiba Khona Ezindaweni Ezinezimpikiswano Nezinkundla Zezindawo
Izinkulumo eziphambili nezimpikiswano zinikeza amathuba okuzwa ngokuqondile kubantu abazofunda ngezindawo zabo ezindabeni zezezimali zezemikhankaso nangezimo zabo zezezimali.
Lapho usiza abantu abazongenela i-comments, unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo ethile mayelana nezimali zomkhankaso. Buza abathekelisa ngezimali ezinkulu ukuthi obani, ukuthi bayayamukela yini iminikelo evela ezimbonini ezithile noma emaqenjini ezezentengiselwano, nokuthi basekela yini izinguquko ezithile zezezimali. Izimpendulo zamaCandidate . /noma amathandabu abo ukuphendula ngo--"angeveze ukuthi bazimisele ukuba bhazisa futhi balandisa.
Sisekela Izinyathelo Zokuqalisa Nokuqapha Kwamaqembu Abonisa Ukubona Kwangaphandle
Izinhlangano eziningi ezingafaki nzuzo zisebenzela ukuthuthukisa umkhankaso wokuveza izimali nokuguqula. Lamaqembu aqaphe aqondisa imisebenzi yezezimali, ukucwaninga nokuhlaziya, ukusekela izinguquko zezimiso, nokufundisa umphakathi ngemali kwezombangazwe. Ukusekela lezinhlangano ngeminikelo ($_____ngeminikelo, ukuzinikela, noma ukumane nje ulandele umsebenzi wazo nokuhlanganyela izinto eziye zatholwa ) kuqinisa ukulandisa komkhakhakha wezezimali okugcina izindaba zezezimali zikhona emphakathini.
Izinhlangano zesizwe ezinjenge Common Creast, Public Citizen, neCampaign Legal Center zisebenza ekulungiseni izimali ezisezingeni likahulumeni. Izifundazwe eziningi zinamaqembu kahulumeni angcono agxile ezindabeni zezezimali zikahulumeni nezezwe. Lezi zinhlangano zivame ukunikeza izakhamuzi ezifuna ukuqonda izimali zomkhankaso endaweni yazo futhi zisekele inguquko.
Ukuhlanganyela Nezinhlangano Zomphakathi Kugxile Ekuzilandiseni Kwezombangazwe
Izinhlangano eziningi zomphakathi zifaka umsebenzi wazo omkhulu wezezimali nezombangazwe ezindabeni zemfundo, indawo ezungezile, ukunakekelwa kwempilo noma ubulungisa bezomnotho. Ukuhlanganyela nalezi zinhlangano kunikeza amathuba okufunda ngezimali zomkhankaso ngomongo wezindaba ezithile zesimiso nokusebenza ndawonye ukuze kubonakale futhi kukhulu ukulandisa.
Izahluko zezinhlangano zendawo, amaqembu ezikhungo zomphakathi ahlobisa izikhungo zemali, kanye nemifelandawonye yomphakathi ngokuvamile ilandela imibandela yezezimali ehlobene nomsebenzi wayo futhi ingakusiza ukuba uqonde indlela ukuthonya ngayo izimpikiswano zemali endaweni yakini. Ukuhlanganyela kulezi zinhlangano kukuhlanganisa nezinye izakhamuzi ezibophele ukubhalisa izwi lakho ekukhuthazeni inguquko.
Funda Ukuhlola I - Journalism
Izintatheli ezicwaningayo zifeza indima ebalulekile ekudaluleni ukuxhashazwa kwezimali ngomkhankaso, ukulandelela ithonya lemali kwezombangazwe, nokubheka izikhulu ezikhethiwe ukuba zilandise. Ngemva komsebenzi wezintatheli eziphenyiswayo nezinhlangano zezindaba ezifaka phambili ekukhokheleni umkhankaso wezezimali ezisiza ukuba uhlale waziswe ngentuthuko ebalulekile futhi uqonde ithonya langempela lezezimali zomkhankaso esimisweni nasebuseni.
Izinhlangano eziningi zezindaba zinezikhululi zezindaba ezisebenza kakhulu kwezezimali zezentengiselwano nezezombangazwe. I-Propubliclica, i-Centre for Public Perfective, kanye nezinye izinhlangano zezindaba ezingazuzisi ziveza ukuphenya okusheshayo ngemali kwezombangazwe. Ukusekela ukuthunyelwa kwamaphephandandali ezemali (_ngezikhokhelo, iminikelo, noma ngokumane ufunde nokuxoxa izindaba ezibalulekile .)
Ukuthatha Isinyathelo: Lokho Ongakwenza
Ukuqonda izimali zomkhankaso kubalulekile, kodwa ulwazi lulodwa alwenzi ushintsho. Izakhamuzi ezikhathalela ukunciphisa ithonya lemali kwezombangazwe futhi zikhuthaze ukubonakala nokulandisa kudinga ukuthatha isinyathelo emiphakathini yazo nakuzo zonke izinga likahulumeni.
Ukusekela Umkhankaso Wezimali Wokushintsha Inguquko
Inguquko yezezimali yezezimali ithatha izindlela eziningi, kusukela ekubekeni imingcele eqinile yokuthola izimfuneko zokuthola ukwaziswa, kusukela ezimisweni zezimali zomphakathi kuya ekulungiseni imithetho engokomthetho ebhidliza izinqumo zenkantolo eziye zanciphisa imithetho yezezimali. Zifundise ngezihlongozo zenguquko ezihlukene futhi usekele labo okholelwa ukuthi bangenza isimiso sibe sihle ngokwengeziwe futhi sibe sobala.
Izifunda eziningi nezindawo ziye zasungula izinguquko zezezimali ezintsha, kuhlanganise nezimiso zezimali zomphakathi ezincane, imingcele ephansi yeminikelo, izimfuneko ezinamandla kakhulu zokuthola izindleko ezithile zezombangazwe, kanye nemingcele elawula ezinye izindlela zemali. Lezi zinguquko zibonisa ukuthi ushintsho lungenzeka uma izakhamuzi zihlela futhi zifuna. Ukusekela izinguquko ezifanayo emphakathini wakini noma kuhulumeni kungasiza ekunciphiseni ithonya lemali enkulu kwezombangazwe zendawo.
Ukushisekela Abazolungisa Abafuna Inguquko
Enye yezindlela eziqondile zokuthuthukisa inguquko yezezimali emikhankasweni iwukusekela abazobhapathizwa abayenza ibe yiyona ebaluleke kakhulu.
Abanye abavotelwe ngokuzithandela balinganisela ukwamukelwa kwabo kwezinhlobo ezithile zeminikelo, benqaba imali yenkampani ye-PAC, noma benza ukusekela izinguquko ezithile uma zikhethwa. Lezizibopho zibonisa izinto eziza kuqala kulowo ozohlolwa futhi zingakusiza ukuba ubone labo abazimisele ngenguquko. Yebo, izikhundla zezezimali zomkhankaso kufanele zihlotshaniswe kanye nezimo zemali zabazofundela ukuthatha i-PAC, kodwa zinikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ezindinganisweni nasezintweni eziza kuqala.
Yenza Izwi Lakho Lizweke
Xhumana nabameleli bakho abakhethiwe ukuze baveze imibono yakho ezindabeni zezezimali zomkhankaso. Batshele ukuthi uyayikhathalela indlela obona ngayo futhi ulandisa ukuthi usekela izinguquko ezithile. Izikhulu eziqashelwe zinaka ukuxhumana okuhlanganyelwe, ikakhulukazi uma zizwa abantu abavela kumaqembu amaningi endabeni efanayo.
Ukuhlanganyela emazwini omphakathi lapho kucatshangelwa noma kubukezwa imithetho yezezimali. Yiba khona emihlanganweni yomkhandlu wedolobha, imihlangano yesifunda sesifunda, noma ukuqulwa kwezindaba zikahulumeni lapho kuxoxwa khona ngezindaba zezezimali zomkhankaso. Ukuhlanganyela kwenu kubonisa isithakazelo somphakathi kulezindaba futhi kungathonya abenzi bezinqumo.
Ingxenye Ezifundweni Nesizathu Sokuba Ukholelwe Kuzo
Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyindida, ukuhlanganyela esimisweni sezezimali somkhankaso ngokwenza iminikelo kwabazocela ukukhokhelwa futhi kukwenze usekele kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuthembisana kwezombangazwe. Iminikelo emincane evela kubantu abaningi abanikelayo ingasiza abazothatha idiliva ukuba bancintisane nalabo abathembele eminikelweni emikhulu evela kubantu abacebile noma ngaphandle kwemali evela kumaPC amakhulu.
Ukwanda kokuqoqa imali kuyi-inthanethi kuye kwenza kwaba lula ngabafundi ukwakha izimpande ezinamaqoqo ezisekela iminikelo emincane evela kwabasekeli abaningi. Uma unikela kwabazohlanganyela izindinganiso zakho, sho noma ungathenga imali encane kuphela, usiza ekuboniseni ukuthi kungenzeka ukungenela imikhankaso yokuncintisana ngaphandle kokuthembela emalini enkulu.
Fundisa Abanye
Abantu abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi umkhankaso usebenza kanjani noma uthinta kanjani inqubo yezohwebo. Ngokufundisa abanye nangokubakhuthaza ukuba banake lezi zinto, usiza umphakathi ukuba uziqaphele futhi usekele izinguquko.
Sebenzisa imithombo yezokuxhumana ukuze uhlanganyele ukwaziswa kwezezimali, uphenya, nokuhlaziywa kwamaqembu aqaphile. Lapho uhlangana nezikhangiso zezombangazwe ezidukisayo noma usola ukuthi imali engashiwongo ithonya umkhankaso, khuluma futhi ukhuthaze abanye ukuba babheke ngokujule. Ukwakha imvume engcono kakhulu kubalulekile ekudaleni inguquko engokwezombangazwe edingayo ukuze kutholakale inguquko enengqondo.
Ikusasa Lemali Yomkhankaso
Ukuqonda izimo zamanje nezimpikiswano ezivelayo kukusiza ukuba ulindele izinselele namathuba okushintsha esikhathini esizayo, ngenxa yokushintsha kobuchwepheshe, intuthuko yezomthetho, ukushisekela kwezombangazwe nezimpande zotshani.
Ukukhangisa Ngezinombolo Nokufakwa Kwemicrobes
Ukusuka kwemithombo yezindaba engokwesiko kuya ekukhangiseni ngemishini kuye kwashintsha umkhankaso wezezimali nezokuxhumana kwezombangazwe. Amasiteji emishini avumela ukuba imikhankaso yokuhlasela abathile ngemiyalezo esekelwe emininingwaneni engokwesiko ephathelene nenani labantu, izithakazelo zabo, kanye nendlela yokuziphatha ye-inthanethi. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwemicroscope kuphakamisa imibuzo emisha mayelana nokubona, njengoba izikhangiso zemishini zingaboniswa ezibukelini ezincane ngaphandle kokuba zibonwe umphakathi.
Ama-social ezokuxhumana aseyizindlela ezinkulu zokukhangisa kwezombangazwe, kodwa izimfuneko zawo zokudalula nezimiso zokukhangisa ziyahlukahluka futhi ziye zaphikiswana ngokuqhubekayo. Amanye amapulatifomu aye asungula izinqolobane zezombangazwe eziye zasiza umphakathi ukuba ubone ukuthi ubani okhokhela izikhangiso nokuthi obani abafuna ukukhangisa, kodwa la mathuluzi ngokuvamile awaphelele noma anzima ukuwasebenzisa. Abasekeli bokuveza izimpawu bayaqhubeka besekela izimfuneko ezinamandla zokukhangisa kwezombangazwe.
Ukunxusa Nezimali Zomkhankaso
Ukunyuka kokuqamba amanga kuye kwadala izinselele ezintsha zokulawula izimali nokubonana. Nakuba umthetho kahulumeni uvumela imikhankaso yomthetho ukuba yamukele iminikelo engekho mthethweni engaphansi kwemingcele efanayo futhi ivume izimfuneko zokudalula njengeminye iminikelo, ukuthengiselana okungamanga kungenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa umthombo wangempela wemali futhi kuqinisekise ukuvumelana nemingcele yeminikelo kanye nemithetho yemali yakwamanye amazwe.
Abalawuli basalwa ngokuthi bangakwengamela kanjani ngokuphumelelayo ukuqapha iminikelo yokuzifihla futhi baqiniseke ukuthi abayona imoto yemithetho yezezimali egwenywayo. Njengoba ukuqashelwa kukhula, lezimpikiswano cishe ziyoba bucayi kakhulu futhi zidinga izimiso ezithuthukisiwe nezimiso zokugcinwa.
Amandla Okwenza Izihlahla Ezintekenteke
Enye inqubo engcono emalini yomkhankaso ukukhula kwemibhobho yotshani eqoqa imali ngeminikelo emincane ye-dollar evela kubantu abaningi abanikelayo. I-UNESCORGES ikwenze kwaba lula ngabazocela ukufinyelela abasekeli abangase bacele iminikelo emincane. Abanye abazofuna ukubhalisa izimali babonise ukuthi kungenzeka ukukhuphula imali ngokuncintisana ngokuyinhloko kusuka kwabanikelayo abancane, ukunciphisa ukuncikeka kweminikelo emikhulu nangaphandle kwemali.
Izimiso zezimali zomphakathi ezihambisana neminikelo emincane nezimali zomphakathi zingakhulisa amandla abanikeleyo abancane futhi zikhuthaze abazonikela ukuba bakhe imisebenzi esekelwe ezikhwameni ezibanzi. Amadolobha nezifunda-mazwe amaningana aye asungula izinhlelo ezihambelanayo ezincane eziye zabonisa imiphumela ethembisayo yokuhlanganisa itheku elinikelayo futhi ukunciphisa ithonya labanikeli abaningi.
Indima Yamankantolo
Izinqumo zenkantolo ziyaqhubeka zihlela umkhankaso wezezimali, futhi izinqumo zesikhathi esizayo zingandisa noma zithathe imvume yokuba ohulumeni balawule imali kwezombangazwe. Indlela yeNkantolo Ephakeme yokuhlela izimali zezezimali iye yaqala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye izinqumo zisekela imithetho edingekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukonakala futhi ezinye ziwuhlupho lwamalungelo okukhuluma.
Abasekeli benguquko yezezimali emikhankasweni bayaqhubeka bebekela izici zesimiso samanje enkantolo inselele futhi bavikele imithetho ekhona ngokumelene nokuhlasela kwemithetho.
Okwenza Isibopho Sakho Sibe Nezindaba
Izimali zempi zingase zibonakale ziwundaba - sisekelo noma wezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo zithinta izinga lokubusa ngentando yeningi nokusabela kwezikhulu ezikhethiwe ezidingweni nasezinkathazweni zezakhamuzi ezivamile.
Ukuthembisana kwakho ngezindaba zezimali zomkhankaso − kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokuhlala unolwazi, ngokusekela imizamo yokulungisa, ukuvota kwabazohlolwa abafuna ukubonakala kahle nokulandisa, noma ukwenza izwi lakho lizwe ngalezizindaba — kudinga ukwakhiwa kwentando yezombangazwe ukuze kushintshwe ushintsho olunenjongo. Idemokhrasi lisebenza kangcono kakhulu uma izakhamuzi zitshelwa, zithembise, futhi zifuna ukuba abameleli bazo bakhonze isithakazelo somphakathi.
Ithonya lemali kwezombangazwe alinakugwenywa noma alishintsheki. Kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika, izinhlangano zenguquko ziye zayibekela inselele ngokuphumelelayo izithakazelo ezigxilile futhi zadala izimiso zezombangazwe ezilungile nezibonisayo. Kusukela ekulungiseni iNkathi Eqhubekayo yekhulu lamashumi amabili kuya emithethweni yezezimali yangemva kweWatergate ka-1970, izakhamuzi ziye zabonisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwenhlangano yezenkolo kunganqoba ukumelana nalabo abazuzayo esimweni esiphezulu.
Izinselele zezezimali zanamuhla zibalulekile, kodwa zikhona. Ngokuqonda indlela isimiso esisebenza ngayo, ukuhlala sazi ukuthi ubani oxhasa imikhankaso yezombangazwe, ukusekela ukubonakala nokuguqula izakhiwo, futhi ukwenza izwi lakho lizwe, ungasiza ekudaleni isimiso sezombangazwe esisabela kangcono ezidingweni zabo bonke abantu kunalezo ezinemali yokwenza iminikelo emikhulu yemikhankaso.
Impilo yentando yeningi yethu ixhomeke ezakhamuzini eziboshelwe ukulandisa kubameleli bazo abakhethiwe futhi abasebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ezombangazwe ahlukaniswa ngokulinganayo kunokuba agxile ezandleni zabanikeli abacebile nasezithakazelweni ezikhethekile. Inguquko yezezimali yenkampane ayisona ikhambi kuzo zonke izinselele zentando yeningi, kodwa iyisici esibalulekile sokudala isimiso sezombangazwe esimelela ngempela intando yabantu.
Ikusasa lomphakathi wenu − nekusasa lentando yeningi yethu − lixhomeke ezakhamuzini eziqonda indima yemali kwezombangazwe futhi ezizimisele ukusebenzela isimiso sezombangazwe esisobala, esinecala, nesingakhethi. Ngokuhlanganyela ezimpikiswaneni zezezimali zezentengiselwano nokukhuthaza inguquko, unikela ekwakheni idemokrati engcono kakhulu efeza izithakazelo zezakhamuzi zonke, hhayi nje lezo ezikwazi ukunikela ngemikhankaso emikhulu.
Isiphetho: Zinike Amandla Ngolwazi
Inkampano ixhasa izindaba ngoba ihlela ukuthi ubani ogijimela isikhundla, othola izimpikiswano, indlela imikhankaso exhumana ngayo nabavoti, futhi ekugcineni, yiziphi izimiso eziba umthetho. Ukuqonda izimali zomkhankaso kukunika amandla okuba ube umvoti onolwazi ngokwengeziwe, ummeleli ophumelela ngokwengeziwe, kanye nezakhamuzi eziboshelwe ngokwengeziwe. Ikusiza ukuba ubone ngalé kokusho imikhankaso ukuze uqonde izithakazelo zezimali kanye nobudlelwane obungase buthinte izinqumo zezikhulu ezikhethiwe.
Isimiso sezezimali siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukulandela imali kudinga umzamo nokuphikelela. Kodwa ukutshala imali kufanelekile ngoba kukunika ukuqonda ngamandla athonya imiphumela yezombangazwe emphakathini wakini nakulo lonke izwe. Uhlome ngalolulwazi, ungenza izinqumo eziqonde kakhudlwana ngokuthi iziphi abazofuna ukusekela, iziphi izinqubo okumelwe bazisekele, nokuthi ungazenza kanjani ngokuphumelelayo ngoshintsho ofuna ukuzibona.
Khumbula ukuthi ushintsho lungenzeka uma izakhamuzi zihlela futhi zifuna. Izinga lezezimali lenkampano liye laphumelela ezindaweni zendawo, esifundazweni, nakuhulumeni lapho abameleli beye bakha imifelandawonye, bafundisa umphakathi, futhi baphikelela naphezu kokuphikiswa. Ukuhlanganyela kwakho kulomzamo oqhubekayo. Qhagamshelwayo, noma ngabe ukhetha ukunikela. Kuyini ukunikeza umehluko ekuthuthukiseni inguquko enengqondo.
Hlala unolwazi, uhlale uthembisene, futhi ungalokothi uwathathe kancane amandla ezakhamuzi ezinolwazi ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze zakhe isimiso sezombangazwe esisobala, esinesibopho, nesentando yeningi. Ikusasa lezimali zomkhankaso (*) nekusasa lentando yeningi yethu (intando yeningi) lixhomeke ezakhamuzini ezikhathalela ngokwanele ukuba zinakekele, zikhulume, futhi zisebenzele ushintsho.