Izimiso zesifunda sesikole sendawo zisebenza njengesisekelo somsebenzi wokufundisa, ubumba izimo othisha abasebenza ngaphansi kwazo, abakhulayo, futhi banqume ukuhlala noma ukuhamba. Enkathini yokuswelakala kothisha okuqhubekayo nezidingo eziyandayo ezikoleni, ukuqonda indlela lezimiso ezithonya ngayo ukuqashwa nokuzigcina zibalulekile kunanini ngaphambili. Nakuba izinguquko zezwe nezesifunda zithatha izihloko eziphambili, ziyizinqumo zosuku lwezinsuku ezenziwa amabhodi esikole asendaweni, amapulani esikole kanye nabaphathi abathinta ngokushesha othisha. Kusukela ezimisweni zemali nentuthuko yemfundo yemfundo yesigaba, izimiso zesifunda zikhanga ochwepheshe abanekhono, izisebenzi abasebenza noma asebe abanolwazi. Lesi sihloko sihlola izindlela ezihlangene ezithinta abafundisi bendawo nokuzibopha amaqembu abo abafuna ukufundiswa.

Isifundazwe Samanje Sothisha Nokuzigcina Sekuyiso

Ukuswelakala kothisha kuye kwaba inselele engapheli phakathi kwe-United States, ethinta amadolobha, amaphandle, nasemaphethelweni amadolobha ngokufanayo. Ngokwemininingwane evela kwi-Learning Policy Institute, igebe lothisha liye lakhula kancane kusukela ekutheni iGreat Recession, nokuncipha kokulungiselela uthisha nokuhoxa okukhulu phakathi kwabafundisi bakudala. Izimiso zendawo zikhipha noma zinciphise lokhu kuswelakala. Ngokuqhubekayo, izifunda ezihlulekayo ukunikeza iholo elincintisanayo ezifundeni ezingomakhelwane noma kwezinye izikhundla ngokuvamile zilwa kanzima ukukhanga abazo. Ngalesosikhathi, imfuno ayikho kuphela ukukhokha imali ephakeme phakathi kwabafundisi abawazisayo ukusekela ukuphatha, i-Fumberly, nesmoriesme, futhi ihlelwe kakhulu yile komiti yeze.

Isifo se-COVOID-19 senezela izingqimba ezintsha zobunkimbinkimbi. Othisha abaningi babhekana nokucindezeleka okukhulu ngenxa yokufunda ingxubevange, ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha, nezimpi zezombangazwe eziqondene nezifundo. Ukuphendula, ezinye izifunda zasebenzisa izinhlangano zesikhashana, kodwa ushintsho lwezimiso oluthatha isikhathi eside alulingani. Ukuhlola kweNational Education Association kwathola ukuthi 55% yabafundisi babecabangela ukuyeka lomsebenzi ngaphambi kokuba bahlele, kuqondwe ukuthi izibalo ezizweni zifuna ukuhlolisisa izimiso zabo.

Izindawo Zokugada Ezinomphumela Omkhulu Kunazo Zonke

Akuzona zonke izimiso ezinesisindo esilinganayo. Nakuba izifunda zonke kumelwe zikhulume ngenkokhelo nezinzuzo, ezinye izikhungo zezimiso zingaba nesiphetho esifanayo ekulolongeni ukwaneliseka kothisha nezinqumo zomsebenzi. Ngezansi kunezici eziyinhloko lapho izimiso zendawo zinethonya elikhulu khona.

Ukuthola Inzuzo Nezinzuzo

Imishado ekhokhelwayo ilokhu iyithuluzi elibonakalayo kakhulu lokuthola inzuzo. Nokho, inzuzo ewumsebenzi ibalulekile njengemali ephelele. Izifunda ezinezimiso eziqinile, ezikhudlwana zingalwa nokudonsa othisha abaqalayo ababona iholo elisheshayo ezifundeni ezingomakhelwane noma ezikoleni zomuntu siqu. Izimo ezihlukene zemali ekhokhelwayo zenza izihloko zezifundo zemali enzima zezisebenzi njengemfundo ekhethekile, izibalo, noma isayensi (*) enikeza usizo lwekheli. Izinzuzo, kuhlanganise neminikelo yempilo yezempatho, iholi lokuthatha umhlala phansi, futhi idlala indima ethile. Isifunda esinikeza izinzuzo eziphansi kodwa ezicebile sisengakhanga, ikakhulukazi kubafundisi abaphakathi abanakekelayo kanye nemikhaya. I-policioces avumela abafundisi ukuba balungise izivumelwano zemisebenzi ethile noma ukukhokha imali eyengeziwe ngenxa yemisebenzi ethile.

Ukuthuthuka Kochwepheshe Neziteji Zomsebenzi

Abafundisi babika ngokungaguquguquki ukuthi amathuba okukhula nobuholi abalulekile ukuze kwaneliseke emsebenzini. Kodwa izimiso eziningi zezemfundo yezemfundo yesifunda zihlangene nobukhulu obubodwa, isibopho, futhi azikho phakathi kwamaqiniso asekilasini. Imithetho exhasa uthisha ohamba nge-PD, inikeza isikhathi sokubambisana, futhi idala izindlela zomsebenzi (umz., uthisha ofundisayo, umqeqeshi ofundisayo) uxhunyiwe ekuzinzeni ngokukhuthaleleni okukhulu. Ezinye izigodi, njengalezo ezisemdlalweni we-Ocropont Culture, ziye zamisa indima yokufundisa ukufundisa uthisha ukuba bathathe umholi ngaphandle kokushiya ikilasi. Lezimodeli zibonisa ukuthi izimiso zezejwayelo zikwazi ukufundisa umsebenzi ophansi owenziwe ngomsebenzi owenziwe ngomvuzo, ovuzayo.

Izimo Zomsebenzi Nokusebenza

Imithetho elawula isigaba esibusayo, isabelo sothisha, nemisebenzi engafundiswanga ithinta ngokuqondile umsebenzi wansuku zonke. Isigaba esikhulu sikhulisa futhi sinciphise izinga lokusebenza. Amashadi anezimiso ezihlanganisa amaphakethe noma anikeze abasizi abafundisayo zingathuthukisa ukuziphatha. Ngokufanayo, izimiso ezilinganisela inani lemihlangano edingekayo, umsebenzi womsebenzi, kanye neminye imisebenzi edingayo ekhulula othisha ukuze bafundiswe. Izimiso zokuhlela isikhathi esivamile ezivumela ukuhlelwa phakathi kwebanga lesigaba noma izifunda ezisekelayo futhi zinciphise ukuhlanganiswa. Le mininingwane ebonakala incane yezimiso, ngayinye noma njengeqembu, ukuma kothisha banomuzwa wokuthi bangenza kahle yini umsebenzi wabo.

Izimiso Zokusekela Nobuciko

Othisha abasha bazuza kakhulu kakhulu ngokuhlelwa kwezinhlelo zobungcweti. Ukucwaninga kusikisela ukuthi othisha abathola umeluleki omkhulu eminyakeni yabo yokuqala emibili cishe abakwazi ukushiya umsebenzi. Izimiso zesigodi ezidinga ukuqeqeshwa kothisha, zinikeza isikhathi sobuqeqeshi, futhi abafundisi abasha abanothisha abaphumelelayo babalulekile. Kodwa izifunda eziningi azinazo izimiso zobufundisi ezingokomthetho noma ezibasekelayo. Izimiso zokusekela zihlanganisa ukufinyelela kubeluleki, izinhlelo ezingcono, kanye nemithombo yezimiso zokwahlulela. Izifunda ezifaka phambili empilweni yomfundisi ngezinsuku zempilo zengqondo noma ukufinyelela eMthethweni we-Apps (EAP) zinikeza uphawu lokuthi ziyabazisa izisebenzi zabo njengesizwe sonke.

Indlela Inhlonipho Ethonya Ngayo Ukuvuselelwa

Ukubuyiselwa akukona nje ukubeka abantu abafuna ukuqashwa emsebenzini kuphela, kodwa kumane nje kuwuphawu lokuba baphawule ukuthi isifunda siyindawo efiselekayo yokusebenza. Izimiso zesigodi zithintana nezindinganiso kanye nezinto eziza kuqala, ngokuvamile phambi kohlolwa ngisho nezingxoxo. Izindawo ezilandelayo zibalulekile ekutholeni imvume ephumelelayo.

Izakhiwo Ezihwebelanayo

Iholo lokuqala lesigodi ngokuvamile liyikhona lokuqala elibonwa ngombhalisa. Nokho, abavolontiya ababheka ngalé kwenani lokuqala. Bahlola isimiso seholo ukuze babone ukuthi bangashesha kangakanani ukuqhubekela phambili, noma kukhona amaqoqo amadegree engeziwe noma iziqinisekiso, futhi ukuthi zikhona izisusa zokufundisa ezikoleni noma ezisezikoleni ezidinga kakhulu. Iziteshi ezinikeza izitebhisi nezindlela ezicindezela isikhathi ukuba bafinyelele iholo eliphezulu kungase kube ngcono kakhulu kunalezo ezinezimiso ezithathe isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso ezinikeza inzuzo phakathi kothisha abaqalayo nabalandelayo, noma phakathi kwezihloko eziyinhloko nezivotasi, zinciphisa ukubonakala kahle kwezindawo ezingase zikwazi ukuvimbela abacela ukukhokhelwa.

Ezinye izigodi ziye zazama ukuthatha amabhonasi ophawu noma izindlu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphila kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, Imfundo Ephilayo, ulwelwelwe lwezikole zomthetho-mthetho, inikeza amabhonasi okudonsa othisha ukuze bakhange abantu abangaphansi kwezindawo eziqashiwe. Nakuba kungesona isithakazeli seholo eliphansi lokuncintisana, izimiso ezinjalo zingasebenza njengemishini yokuthola amathuluzi amafushane.

Impindiselo Nokuthethelela

Othisha abaningi baphothula ngezikweletu ezinkulu zabafundi. Izifunda-mfundamasheya ezibolekwayo izinhlelo zentethelelo kahulumeni (isinye, uthisha Loan Forrence or Service Loan) zingasebenzisa lokhu njengenzuzo yokubuthwa. Ezinye izifunda zinganikeza ngisho nenkongozelo yazo siqu yothisha ababoleka ukusebenza ezikoleni noma ezisezikoleni ezinzima noma ezisezikoleni. Izikhulu ezikhokhwayo ezikhokhela izindleko zentengozelelo kahulumeni, zinikeza usizo lokuthutha, noma zinikeza usizo lwesikhashana lokuthola izakhiwo ezingcono ukuze zinciphise izithiyo.

Ukuhlukahluka Nokulingana Ekukhombeni

Ukucwaninga okungaguquki kubonisa ukuthi abafundi bayazuza ngokuba nothisha ababonisa izizinda zabo zobuhlanga, amasiko, nolimi. Nokho izigodi eziningi zinezimiso ezilinganisela ngokungaqondi ukuhlukahlukahluka, njengezimfuneko eziqinile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi abazothola izimali abahlukene noma ukucwasana ngezinqubo zokuqasha. Izifunda ezibophelwe ukusungula izimiso zokuqasha ukuze zihlanganise "izinhlelo zakho" ezithathwa emiphakathini yendawo, amapayipi avela ezinhlanganweni zeHBCU noma amaqoqo amancane, kanye nemizamo yokuthola imvume eqinile. Izinguquko ezivumela ezinye izindlela zokuqasha abashintshi abasebenzi noma abaqeqeshisi abangazameli abangandisa izikethanga izikeko zezindawo ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo yi-[FLT:] i-Octives Councilty [FLD [FLD:] yesizwe eMgangathweni [FOct1] [FOct1] [FOct1]'s.

Indlela Inhlonipho Eshukumisa Ngayo Ukuzigcina Unjalo

Imithetho ekhuthaza umuzwa wokuba nothile, inhlonipho nokukhula kochwepheshe ibalulekile.

Uthisha Autonomy nokwenza isinqumo

Othisha abanomuzwa wokuthi banezici eziwusizo ezingenisweni, ekufundiseni, nasekuqondiseni izikole banelisekile futhi kulula kakhulu ukuphuma. Izimiso zesifunda ezimisa imikhandlu yezezikole ezisezingeni eliphansi, uthisha abafundisayo, noma ukuhlanganyela izimiso zokwenza izinqumo kunika abafundisi amandla. I-Autonomy futhi idlulela nasezinqumweni zekilasi ngokuphathelene nezindlela zokufundisa nokuhlola. Izimiso ezibhala imibhalo noma zincike kakhulu ekuhlolweni okuvamile njengethuluzi lokuhlola zingasusa futhi zikhiphe abafundisi. Ngokuphikisana nalokho, izimiso ezithemba ukwahlulela kothisha abaqeqeqeshiwe futhi zinikeze ukusekela.

Ukuqashelwa Nokuthuthuka Kwemisebenzi

Ukuzizwa waziswa futhi ubona ikusasa phakathi kwesifunda kuyizici ezinamandla. Izimiso ezihlanganisa izinhlelo zokuqaphela − njengoMfundisi wemiklomelo ka-Old Board, noma ukuqashelwa komphakathi emihlanganweni yebhodi (nezokuthumela umyalezo wokuthi ukufundisa kuhloniphekile. Okubaluleke kakhulu, izinhlelo zemisebenzi ezinikeza indima yokuhola ngaphandle kokushiya ikilasi. − njengothisha wezifundo, noma uthisha-preneurs() unikeza othisha indlela yokukhula ngobuchwepheshe lapho besafundisa. Izifunda ezibopha lemisebenzi yembuyiselo nethuba lokukhulula zivame kakhulu ukugcina abafundisi babo abangcono.

Impilo Yengqondo Nokuba Yinhle

Umsebenzi wokufundisa uphakathi kwemisebenzi ecindezela kakhulu, enamanani aphakeme okutubeka. Izimiso zesifunda ezinikeza incazelo yempilo yengqondo azisakho ukuzinqumela. Imithetho elinganisela ngemva kwamahora okusebenza okulindelwe, inikeza ukunikeza iseluleko, futhi ithuthukise izinga elinempilo lomsebenzi wokuphila kuvezwa ngothisha njengezizathu zokuhlala. Ezinye izifunda ziye zathatha amasonto amane esikole noma abafundisi isikhathi esengeziwe sokuhlela. Abanye baye basungula amakomiti anokuhleleka nezinhlelo zokucabanga. Lemithetho idinga ukushintshwa kwezempucuko, kodwa futhi inikeza isibonakaliso sokuthi isifunda sikhathalela izisebenzi zaso njengabantu, hhayi nje izisebenzi.

Iziteshi Zesigodi Zokuthuthukisa Inqubo

Ukuthuthukisa uthisha nokugcina ushintsho lwenqubo akudingi ukuhlola okungasho lutho. Kunalokho, izifunda zingasebenzisa izindlela eziwusizo, ezisekelwe kubufakazi ezibeka kuqala izinguquko ezithinta kakhulu.

Ukuthuthukisa Intuthuko Yabafundisi Kwezomthetho

Izindawo ezihlanganisa othisha ekwenzeni izinqumo ngokuhlola, amaqoqo, noma amakomiti angokomthetho, zithola ukuqonda okuholela ezimisweni eziphumelela kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, isifunda singase sithole ukuthi othisha bazisa isikhathi esengeziwe sokuhlela iholo, noma ukuthi uthisha ofundisa izinhlelo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okungcono kothisha abafundisayo. Futhi bakha ukwethemba nokuthenga ngaphakathi, ukwenza imishini eshelelayo. Izigodi eziningana, njengalezo ezise Umfundisi Wokufundisa ukwandisa isikhathi ngeholo, noma izinhlelo zokuhlolela izinhlelo zidinga ukuqeqeshwa okungcono kothisha abafuna ukuhlolwa okubomvu. Abafundisi abakwazi ukuthenga, ukwenza impumelelo. Izifunda eziningana, njengalezo ezise-[FLT] Umfundisi Wokuqala , baye basebenzisa ukuhlinzwa okuwusizo okuphumelelayo ezimisweni zokuhlola nokuthuthukisa izimpawu zobuchwepheshe.

Ukwenza Isinqumo Semininingwane

Amagodi kufanele aqoqe futhi ahlaziye ukwaziswa kothisha abaphendukelayo, izingxoxo zokuphuma, nokuhlola isimo sezulu ukuze athole amaphuzu obuhlungu besimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ukwaziswa kubonisa ukuthi othisha bahamba ngamazinga aphakeme ngemva kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, izinhlelo ezisekela umnakekeli ophakathi, njengokusekela amathuba okuhola noma amabhonasi akhunjulwayo . Izigodi zingagunyazwa futhi ziphawule izinqubo zazo ngokumelene nezifunda ezingomakhelwane nokucwaninga okungcono kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa ukwaziswa kugwema ukusebenza nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithombo iya lapho zidingeka kakhulu khona.

Ukubambisana Nabangane Bomphakathi

Ukuswelakala kothisha bendawo akunakuxazululwa yizifundazwe kuphela. Izinhlangano zobudlelwane namayunivesithi endawo, amabhizinisi, nezinhlangano ezingazuzisi zingathuthukisa ukuqashwa nokugcinwa. Izikhulu ezisiza ukukhokhela imikhumbi, ukukhokha imali ebolekwayo ukuze kusetshenziselwe, noma ukuxhasa izindlu kungasetshenziswa ngokubambisana nabantu abahlala ndawonye. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izifunda ezisebenzelana nabathuthukisi bezindawo zokuthengisa izakhiwo ukuze zikhokhele othisha, kuyilapho ezinye zisebenza namabhizinisi endawo ukuze zinikeze imali yokukhokhela.

Ukuhlola Izifo Nokucwaninga

Ukucwaninga kuqinisa ukuhlobana phakathi kwezimiso nothisha imiphumela. Ukuhlola okungu-2021 [u-2001] kwe- Ukufunda i-Policy Institute [ kwathola ukuthi izimiso zesifunda ezifana nokuthuthukisa izimo zokusebenza, imbuyiselo, kanye nohlelo oluqinile lwehliswa ngo18%. Ukuhlolwa kwezifunda eziphezulu eCalifornia, izici ezivamile zihlanganisa ukuhola okubambisana, izinhlelo zomncintiswano, nentuthuko yothisha.

Esinye isibonelo esiphawulekayo yi Washington, D.C., isimiso sesikole somphakathi, esasebenzisa isimiso sokukhokhela esisekelwe ekufezeni i-IMPAT. Nakuba impikiswano, lesi simiso sahlanganisa ukukhokha imali eningi kothisha abaphumelelayo futhi siye satuswa ngokuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwabenzi abaphezulu. Nokho, ukucwaninga kubonisa futhi ukuthi izimiso ezinjalo zingandisa ukushintsha phakathi kothisha abasebenza kancane, ziqokomisa ukudayisa okusemklamweni wezimiso.

Ngokuphambene, izigodi eziye zafaka izinhlelo zothisha zokuhlala zenza izinhlelo − njenge-Boston Teacher Residency", i-combine jnife ngokuqeqesha nokucutha imithwalo yezifundo phakathi nonyaka wokuqala. Lezinhlelo, zisekelwe yizimiso zesifunda ezixhasa ukuqoqa izikhungo zokuhlala nokunikeza izisusa kubaqeqeshi, zinezinga lokuzigcina elingaphezu kuka-90% ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sesizwe samashumi amahlanu% othisha abasha.

Isiphetho

Izimiso zesikole sendawo aziwona amathuluzi anamandla okuqondisa izifunda zesikole, anquma ukuthi umphakathi ungadonsa futhi ugcine othisha bedinga. Kusukela ekukhokheleni nasekukhuleni kobuchwepheshe ukuya ezimweni zokusebenza naselizwini lothisha, zonke izinqubo zithumela uphawu ngokubaluleka okubekwa kubafundisi. Izifunda eziphumelela kakhulu ziphatha isimiso njengempahla ewusizo, ngokusebenzisa ukwaziswa, uthisha, nokucwaninga ngezindawo lapho abafundisi bengazikhanga khona. Njengoba ukuswelakala kothisha kuqhubeka kubekela inselele izikole ezweni lonke, izifunda ezithatha intuthuko yezimiso ziyoba nesikhundla esingcono kakhulu sokwakha isitebeze, impathiso esinekhono, nesokufundisa. Ngokwenza kanjalo, azithuthukisi imiphumela yothisha kodwa ziqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umgomo wokufinyelela imfundo ephakeme.