Table of Contents

Isivumelwano somthetho simelela esinye sezinsika eziyisisekelo zesimiso sentando yeningi esinempilo, ikakhulukazi phakathi nokhetho lukamongameli lapho izigxobo ziphakeme kakhulu futhi zinethonya elikhulu kakhulu. Uma izakhamuzi zihlanganyela ngokuzikhandla enqubweni yezombangazwe, azimane nje zimise ukuvota, zilololonga ukuqondisa kwesikhathi esizayo kwesizwe sazo, zithonye izinqumo zezimiso ezibucayi, futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi uhulumeni uyaqhubeka elandisa kubantu abawukhonzayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani izindaba zomkhakhakha wohulumeni kudingekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukubona ukubusa ngentando yeningi nokuchuma kwemiphakathi.

Ukuqonda Ingxenye Yesitho Esincane

Ukuthembisana nge-cobic kuhlanganisa okungaphezu nje kokuveza izinqumo ngosuku lokhetho. Kusho ukuzama ukwenza umehluko ekuphileni komphakathi wemiphakathi yethu nokuhlanganisa ulwazi, amakhono, izindinganiso, kanye nesisusa sokwenza umehluko phakathi kwazo zombili izinqubo zezombangazwe nezingezona ezezombangazwe. Ngokomo wokhetho lukamongameli, lokhu kuthembisana kuthatha izinhlobo eziningi (8) ukusuka ekuvoteni nasekucwaningeni ukuba bavote ukuze bahlanganyele emikhankasweni, ekuhlanganyeleni imibuthano yezombangazwe, nasekuhlanganyeleni ezingxoxweni ezinengqondo ngokuphathelene nezindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wenu.

I-voter reteoption iyisilinganiso sokuhlanganyela komphakathi abantu abaningi abakholelwa ukuthi kungcono kakhulu ukulinganisela impilo yenqubo yokukhetha. Nokho naphezu kokubaluleka kwayo, ukuthatha iqhaza e-United States kuye kwalandelana ngokomlando nalé kwezinye imibuso ethuthukile. Ngo-2024, cishe amaphesenti angu-64 abavoti abafanelekayo bakhipha i-collet, enye yezinga eliphakeme kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva, kodwa kusengaba cishe ama-30 kuphela ezwe ahlanganyela futhi amazinga aphansi kakhulu ngaphandle kokhetho lukamongameli.

Ukubaluleka kwezivumelwano zomphakathi kudlulela ngalé kokuhlanganyela komuntu ngamunye. Ukuncoma kuyithuluzi elinamandla kunoma yimuphi umphakathi wentando yeningi, okusebenza njengesisekelo sokuthembisana kwezakhamuzi nezindlela izakhamuzi eziveza ngazo intando yazo ehlangene (‘ akulona nje ilungelo eliyilungelo; kuwumsebenzi osekela izimiso eziyisisekelo zentando yeningi futhi ulolonga izwe esiphila kulo, okubonisa ukubaluleka kokulingana, ukumelela, nokulandisa ekubuseni kwethu.

Umphumela Oyinhloko Wokuhlanganyela KobuPhostoli Ekukhetheni Ukuba Umongameli

Ukuqinisekisa Uhulumeni Ongummeleli

Lapho izakhamuzi zihlanganyela ngenkuthalo okhethweni lukamongameli, zisiza ekumiseni uhulumeni obonisa ngempela ukuhlukahluka kwemibono, izindinganiso, nezinto eziza kuqala emphakathini. Ukunikeza imvume ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uhulumeni ubonakalisa izifiso zabantu nezinto eziza kuqala, futhi lapho izakhamuzi zivota, zinikela kuhulumeni omelela izinhlobonhlobo zemibono nezindinganiso emphakathini. Lokhu kuveza izindaba ngenxa yokuthi izinqumo zomongameli zithinta yonke into kusukela ekunakekeleni impilo nasemfundoni kuya esimisweni sezesimo sezulu, imithetho yezomnotho, kanye nezindlela zobulungisa bezenhlalo.

Amandla okumelela anzima nakakhulu uma kucatshangelwa imiphakathi ehluzekile ngokomlando. Ukuqamba kubalulekile ngoba kuqinisekisa imiphakathi ehluzekile ukuba nezwi elinezwi eliqinile, cishe amaqembu ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezinhlanga ezincane, abesifazane, nezakhamuzi ezithola imali ephansi, kuye kwabhekana nezithiyo zokuvota, futhi namuhla, nakuba eziningi zalezi zithiyo zincishisiwe, zisekhona izinselele, kodwa ukuvocatshanga kunika le miphakathi amandla okulwela imithetho nabaholi abaqonda izingxabano zabo nabasekela ukufaneleka kwabo.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukulandisa Kukahulumeni Nokubona Izindawo

Esinye sezici ezinamandla kakhulu zokuthembisa umongameli okhethweni yindima yakhe ekubekeni izikhulu ezikhethiwe zilandise ngezenzo zazo nangezithembiso. Ukuvotelwa kubalulekile ekubekeni izikhulu ezikhethiwe zilandise ngenqubo yokukhetha, izakhamuzi zinamandla okugcina noma ukususa abaholi ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwazo nasekunikezeleni inkonzo yomphakathi, zidala isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela lapho izikhulu zishukunyiselwa ukufeza izithembiso zazo nokusingatha izidingo zomphakathi.

Lapho umvoti ehlanganyela kakhulu, kunikeza izimpawu kwezombangazwe ukuthi abantu bayaqaphela futhi bathembisene, kukhuthaza ukuba sobala ngokwengeziwe futhi baphendule ngokwengeziwe kuhulumeni. Lenqubo yokulandisa iqinisekisa ukuthi amongameli nabaphathi babo bahlala begxile ekukhonzeni isithakazelo somphakathi kunokuba bagxile ekukhonzeni izithakazelo ezikhethekile noma izinhloso eziwukweqela.

Umvoti omkhulu unikeza abameleli abakhethiwe nohulumeni igunya elikhulu, futhi lapho abavoti bengasebenzisi ukuqapha kwabo, ngokwephutha bavumela abanye ukuba bazenzele izinqumo. Lesi simiso sisebenza ngamandla ekwandiseni umongameli, lapho umnqobi egunyaza ukuhola isizwe sonke.

Ukuqinisa Izinhlangano Ezibusa Ngentando Yeningi

Intando yeningi ixhomeke ekuthatheni indima kwezakhamuzi − uma izakhamuzi zithembisene, zinganikana imibono, zifake izixazululo, futhi zisebenzise inkulumo ephucukile ukuze zixazulule izimpikiswano ezibhekene nemiphakathi yazo, eziqinisa idemokrasi yethu futhi zinike abantu amandla ngokunikeza abantu izwi kulokho okwenzeka emiphakathini yabo. Okhetho lukamongameli lusebenza njengovivinyo lokugcina lwalezinhlangano zentando yeningi, lufuna izakhamuzi ukuba zihlangane ukuze zibhekane nezinqumo zesizwe.

Ukuthembela okhethweni kuvela njengesici esibalulekile ekuhlanganyeleni kwezombangazwe, kugcizelela isidingo sokukhuthaza ukuthembela enqubweni yokukhetha ukukhuthaza ukubophana kwezakhamuzi, isisekelo sentando yeningi echumayo. Lapho izakhamuzi zihlanganyela ngenkuthalo okhethweni lukamongameli, ziqinisa ukufaneleka kwezinqubo zentando yeningi futhi zisiza ekwakheni ukuqina ekuvimbeleni izinqubo zentando yeningi.

Isifundazwe Samanje Se - Civic Isivumelwano Sokukhethwa Komongameli

Intsha Ehlanganyela Ezinkingeni

Enye yezinto ezikhathaza kakhulu okhethweni lukamongameli wamanje igebe eliphikelelayo lokuhlanganyela phakathi kwabavoti abasha nabakhulile. Phakathi kwemibuso ephakeme yentando yeningi, i-United States inegebe elikhulu kunawo wonke ohlwini lwabavoti (ngokwesibonelo, okhethweni lukamongameli wama - 2020), umvoti phakathi kwentsha, eneminyaka engu - 18 kuya kwengu - 24, wayenamagebe acishe abe ngamaphesenti angu - 25 aphansi kunalawo aneminyaka engu - 65 kuya ku - 74.

Naphezu kokufinyelela elinye lamazinga aphakeme kunawo wonke ake atholakala ngo - 2020 kusukela lapho ukuvota kusemthethweni eminyakeni engu - 18 ubudala, umvoti wentsha uhlala ephansi eneminyaka engu - 48%, futhi ukubuya okunjalo okuphansi kwentsha ikakhulukazi kuphathelene nanjengoba ukuhlola okuningana kubonisa ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho kokuvota kwakudala kubikezela ukuhlanganyela esikhathini esizayo.

Ukucwaninga kwamuva kwembula ukuthambekela ngokuphathelene nokuthembisana kwentsha engabantu abadala. amaMelika aneminyaka engu - 18 kuya kwengu - 24 awanelisekile ngesimiso sezombangazwe kanye nokungathembi okungajabulisi ngentando yeningi, awanalwazi olugxekayo nokwethemba izinhlangano zikahulumeni, futhi mancane amathuba okuvota okhethweni lwama 2024 kunabantu abavamile. Nokho, kunezizathu zokuba nethemba: Intsha ibonisa izinga eliphansi lemibono nesigaba sokuncintisana, iyaziqhenya ngokuba umMelika, ilahla ubudlova bezombangazwe, futhi ibeka izindinganiso zentando yeningi ngokwenani, futhi inethuba nesifiso sokufeza indima ebalulekile ekuqiniseni idemokramenti, kodwa kumelwe ihileleke ngendlela enokubaluleka.

Ukungalingani Kwezenhlalo Nezomnotho Ekuhlanganyeleni

Ukulondeka kwezimali kunendima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi obani abahlanganyela kukhetho lobumongameli nokuthi bahlanganyela kanjani. Ekuhloleni kwesizwe, amaMelika alondekile ngokwezimali asengozini kakhulu yokuvota, ukuvota, noma ukuhlanganyela kwezinye izinhlobo zomkhankaso womphakathi kunalawo angalondekile ngokwezimali. Lokhu kuhluka kudlulela ngalé kokukhetha ezinye izindlela zokuhlanganyela kwezombangazwe: Abantu abalondekile ngokwezimali basengozini ephindwe kabili yokubonisa izimpawu zezombangazwe futhi bangenza iminikelo yezombangazwe ngokuphindwe kathathu.

Amazinga emali eholelwayo aphawulekayo athonya ukuhlanganyela kokhetho, amaMelika athola imali eningi ngokuqhubekayo ebonisa amazinga aphakeme okuthola imali engeziwe (amaRandi angu - 650 000) ngo - 20 000 ngonyaka, imikhaya ehola amanani okubhapathiza abonisa amaphesenti angaba ngu - 20 kuya kwangu - 30 aphakeme kunalawo ahola ngaphansi kuka - R1, futhi lokhu kungabi nalusizo olutholakalayo ekubopheni uhulumeni, kuhlanganise nesikhathi sokusebenza, ukuthutha, nokufinyelela ukwaziswa.

Amathonya enzuzo emali anasikhathi nengcebo yokuhileleka ngokugcwele ekuphileni komphakathi, ekugcineni aqinisa ukungalungi okukhona emandleni ezombangazwe nasemfanekisweni eMelika. Ukusingatha lokhu kungafani kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukhetho lukamongameli lubonisa ngempela intando yabo bonke abantu baseMelika, hhayi nje leyo enezinzuzo ezingokomnotho.

Indima Yemfundo Yesibalo

Ukucwaninga kubonisa ngokungaguquki ukuthi abantu abanolwazi oluphakeme lomphakathi basengozini enkulu yokuvota nokuhileleka kwezinye izinhlobo zokuphila komphakathi, futhi ukubuya akubonisi nje kuphela isisusa, kodwa futhi ukulungiselela nokuthola ithuba.

Abangaphansi kwengxenye yentsha yaseMelika evota, ngisho nakukhetho lomongameli, futhi amaphesenti ayishumi kuphela amaMelika aphakathi kuka-18 no-24 ahlangabezana nendinganiso "yokuthembisana ukumiswa" emjikelezweni wokhetho lukamongameli ngo-2012. Lokhu kungathembisi kululaza izinga lokwenza izinqumo zentando yeningi futhi kungaholela ekutheni kukhethwe okungabonisi ngokugcwele isahlulelo esicatshangelwayo sokhetho.

Izindlela Ezihlukahlukene Zokuhlanganyela Ekukhetheni Ukuba Umongameli

Ngalé Kwebhokisi Lebhola

Kubantu abaningi abavotayo, ukuhlanganyela okhethweni kuhilela ukusekela kwabo obala, ukunikela ngemali emkhankasweni noma ekubhikisheni izenzakalo.

Ucwaningo olwenziwa kumongameli ka - 2020 lwembula ukuthi umsebenzi omkhulu wesivumelwano somphakathi ukhona. Iningi labantu abadala base-U.S. ababika ukuthi babevote okhethweni oluvamile (53%) futhi bafaka okungenani ingxenye eyodwa kweziyisithupha zemisebenzi engokombangazwe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezidlule, futhi abangaphezu kwesithathu (36%) besekela umuntu ozofunda emikhankasweni yezenhlalakahle, enye ingxenye yesine inikela ngemali emkhankasweni wezombangazwe, futhi cishe (23%) ifaka iposi, uphawu noma ibhodi lokufaka noma ibhandeza noma inkinobho ukuze babonise ukusekela kwabo ozofunda.

Ukubhalisa Nokusiza Abanye Ukuba Babhalise

Isisekelo sokuthatha iqhaza ngevoti siqala ngokubhaliswa. Ukufuna ukuba wena nalabo abahlala emphakathini wakho nibhaliswe ukuba nivote kumelela olunye uhlobo oluyisisekelo lwesivumelwano somphakathi. Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza ihlonze lokubhalisa, futhi abantu bangafeza indima ebalulekile ekusizeni abafanelekele ukubhalisa inqubo, ikakhulukazi labo abangase babhekane nezinselele ezinjengokungaqiniseki kolimi, ukuntula ulwazi, noma izinselele zokuhamba.

Ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo kovoti kubonise isithembiso sokwandisa ukuhlanganyela. Ukuhlaziywa kokuvota okuzenzekelayo kwe-Oregon kubonisa ukuthi kwandisa kokubili ukubhalisa nokubuya phakathi kwabantu ‘ ngokunokwenzeka ababengenzanga kanjalo"" ngokwesibonelo, abavoti base-Hispanic abasebasha nabavoti abadala basemaphandleni (ukuvota) abamelele kakhulu, abahlukene ngokwezombangazwe, nabambalwa.

Ukuya Ezehlakalweni Zezombangazwe NasemaHholo Edolobha

Imikhankaso kamongameli inikeza amathuba amaningi okuthembisana ngokuqondile nabazobhapathizwa, abameleli babo, kanye nezakhamuzi ezikanye nabo. Imihlangano yehholo lasedolobheni, imibuthano yomkhankaso, nemiphakathi inikeza izindawo lapho abavoti bengabuza khona imibuzo, baveze ukukhathazeka, futhi bafunde okwengeziwe ngezikhundla zabazohlolwa ezindabeni ezinzima. Emkhankasweni wokhetho owathinteka kakhulu ngokugqashuka kwemithambo yenhliziyo, abavoti abaningi (10%) baba khona ngokoqobo emkhankasweni wezombangazwe noma emkhankasweni wezolithi we-inthaneti kunokuba baye esimweni esinjalo esisemntwini (6%), bebonisa indlela izivumelwano zomphakathi ezivumelana ngayo nezimo ezishintshashintshayo.

Ukuvolontiya Imikhankaso

Izisebenzi zokuzithandela zomkhankaso zakha umgogodla wokhetho lukamongameli, zenza imisebenzi ebalulekile enjengokubhalisa ucingo, ukuqondisa izakhiwo, ukuhlela izenzakalo, nokusiza ngokuthola abavoti. Lokhu kuhileleka kwezandla akuxhasi abazohlolwa kuphela kodwa futhi kwakha amakhono omphakathi, kwakha ukuxhumana komphakathi, futhi kujulisa ukuqonda kwenqubo yezombangazwe. Kukhona ukuhlangana okuqinile phakathi kwezinga lomvoti wezenzo zezombangazwe zobuPhotistism nesilinganiso somkhankaso abawuthola ngenyanga ngaphambi kokhetho, kanye nabavoti ababehileleke kakhulu embikweni wokuthi bathintwa kaningi kakhulu ngemikhankambiso yezelo yezombangazwe kunalowo ophathiswe i - provitation.

Ukuhlanganyela Ezingxoxweni Zezombangazwe

Izindlela ezivame kakhulu intsha enikela ngazo ekuphileni komphakathi ziwukuxoxa ngezombangazwe (66% izenze) nangokusiza ontanga nomakhelwane bayo abaswele (75%), okuyizinto ezivumelana nalokho okutholakele intsha ethambekele ekuthembeni izinhlanganisela zayo siqu nemiphakathi yezwe lezifunda kunezinhlangano zezombangazwe nezinhlangano. Lezingxoxo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zisemkhayeni, abangane, izisebenzi ezisebenza nabo, noma amalungu omphakathi, zisiza ekusakazeni ukwaziswa, ukubekela inselele, futhi zikhuthaza ukuhileleka okukhulu kokhetho lukamongameli.

Izinqubo Eziyingozi Zezokuxhumana Nezokuxhumana Nezokuxhumana

Kusukela enkathini ye-tec, imithombo yezokuxhumana iye yaba ithuluzi elinamandla lokuthembisa umongameli kukhetho. Ukuhlanganyela ukwaziswa okunembile ngabazobhapathizwa, izinqubo, nezinqubo zokuvota kungafinyelela izibukeli ezibanzi ngokushesha. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukwaziswa ngaphambi kokuba sihlanganyele futhi sihlanganyele ngenhlonipho nalabo abanemibono ehlukene. Izenzo zobugani, uma zihlolwa, zingandisa amazwi alulazayo nemiphakathi ehloni engase ishaywe yimikhankaso engokwesiko.

Ukunikela Ngezimali Emikhankasweni

Iminikelo yezimali, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi mikhulu kangakanani, imikhankaso yokusiza ifinyelela kubavoti, ihlela izenzakalo, futhi idlulisele imiyalezo yabo. Iminikelo emincane ye-dilollar evela kubantu abaningi ingaba nethonya elikhulu futhi ibonise ukusekela kotshani abazobhapathizwa. Loluhlobo lokuthembisana luvumela labo okungenzeka abanaso isikhathi sokuzithandela ukuba baqhubeke behlanganyela ngokunenjongo enqubweni yokukhetha.

Ukuhlanganyela Ezimpini Zokuqhayisa Nezinhlangano Zomphakathi

Ishumi leminyaka elidlule liye laba inkathi yokuthembisana kwentsha ephakeme, ngonyaka ka - 2018 noka - 2020 wokukhetha okuveza ukuvelela okungokomlando ekuvoteni kwentsha, nokuhlanganyela kokhetho phakathi kwentsha esele ephakeme kakhulu emlandweni eneminyaka engu - 18 kuya kwengu - 29, kuyilapho intsha iye yasebenza futhi ngokwezezakhamuzi ngaphandle kwendlu yokuvota: ukuhlanganyela ekubhikisheni nasekuqhubeni izikhundla zomphakathi. Lezi zimo zokubopha zingathonya imikhankaso yobumongameli, ithuthukise inkulumo yasobala, futhi zibonise ukuqina kozwela emphakathini ezindabeni ezibucayi.

Izinzuzo Ezihlukahlukene Zokuhlanganyela Kwesigqinsi

Ukwakha Ubuciko Obuthé Xaxa

Ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo okhethweni lukamongameli kuholela olwazini olukhudlwana lwezombangazwe nasekuqapheleni. Uma izakhamuzi zihlanganyela emikhankasweni, abacwaningi, futhi zixoxa nabanye ngezindaba, ziqala ukuqonda ngokujulile indlela uhulumeni asebenza ngayo, izinqubo ezisengozini, nendlela ukukhetha okuhlukile kobuholi okungathinta ngayo ukuphila kwazo nemiphakathi. Lokhu kuthembisana okunolwazi kuthuthukisa izinga lokwenza izinqumo zentando yeningi futhi kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imiphumela yokhetho ibonisa ukuqonda kwangempela kunokuveza imibono eyize noma ukuqanjiwe.

Amazwi Nemibono Ehlukahlukene Ezwakalayo

Isivumelwano somphakathi somphakathi siqinisekisa ukuthi ukhetho lobumongameli lubonisa ukuhlukahluka okugcwele komphakathi waseMelika. Uma abantu abavela ezizindeni ezihlukene, imiphakathi, nokuhlangenwe nakho kuhlanganyela ngentshiseko, baletha imibono eyingqayizivele ezimpikiswaneni zezombangazwe futhi basiza ekuvimbeleni noma yiliphi iqembu ekulawuleni ingxoxo yezombangazwe. Lokhu ukuhlukahluka kwamazwi kuholela ezingxoxweni zezimiso ezibanzi futhi kusiza ekutholeni izixazululo ezisebenzela izingxenye ezibanzi zomphakathi.

Ucwaningo oluningi luphetha ngokuthi amazwe anezimiso ezilinganayo abika njalo ukuthi abavoti baphakeme futhi bathembisana kakhulu, njengoba izakhamuzi zinomuzwa wokuthi ukuhlanganyela kwazo kuthinta ngokuqondile imiphumela yezombangazwe.

Ukwakha Imiphakathi Eqinile

Ukuthembisana ngokuzimisela komphakathi, kuhlanganise nokuvota, kunezela empilweni nasebutheni bezomnotho bemiphakathi yendawo, futhi abantu abavotayo cishe bayakwazi ukuxhumana nomakhelwane, bakhulume nezikhulu ezikhethiwe, futhi bahlanganyele emphakathini ngezinye izindlela. ukhetho lomongameli, naphezu kobuzwe, ngokuvamile luhambisana nokuhlelwa kwezindawo nokwakhiwa komphakathi okuqhubeka isikhathi eside ngemva kosuku lokhetho.

Ngokuhlanganisa ngaphansi kwenjongo eyodwa, sihlakulela ukwethembana, uzwela, ukuhlangana kwabantu, kanye nokusekela okunamandla ekutholeni nasekusebenziseni amakhambi emiphakathini yethu. Lenhloko - dolobha yezenhlalo (izinhlangano zobuhlobo nokuthembana ezihlanganisa imiphakathi ndawonye ($imelela enye yezici eziyigugu kakhulu zomphakathi ekukhetheni umongameli.

Ukuthuthukisa Impilo Kamuntu Ngamunye Nokuba Nendlela Efanele

Izinzuzo zesivumelwano somphakathi zidlulela ngalé kwezombangazwe empilweni yomuntu siqu nenjabulo. imisebenzi yokuthembisana enjengeyokuvota, ukuvota, nokusebenza ngokuzithandela, nokunakekela ingadi yomphakathi ayiqhubeki nje phambili kuphela ubuhle bomphakathi kodwa futhi inenzuzo engokwengqondo nengokomzimba kubantu abahlanganyelayo, nangokuthuthukisa ukubambisana komphakathi, ukwethenjelwa emphakathini, nokuhlanganyela izinzuzo, izivumelwano zomphakathi zithuthukisa inqubo yomphakathi evumelanayo futhi zisekela inqubo yentando yeningi.

Uma abantu beboshelwe umphakathi, ukubusa ngentando yeningi kuyaqiniswa, okusiza ekuthuthukiseni injabulo nokwaneliseka emiphakathini. Lokhu kuhlobana phakathi kokuhlanganyela komphakathi nokuziphilisa kahle kudala umjikelezo omuhle: izakhamuzi eziboshelwe ukuhlangana nokwaneliseka, okuyoshukumisela ukuba ziqhubeke zihlanganyela.

Ukuzindela Ngokubusa Intando Yeningi

Mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhamuzi ezisemqoka ekukhetheni umongameli kuqinisa idemokrasi ngokwayo. Ukuhlanganisa izakhamuzi nomakhelwane bazo futhi kwakha umphakathi oqinile ngombono wesikhathi esizayo, futhi lesisenzo somphakathi siqinisa ukubusa ngentando yeningi, sigxilisa ukuziqhenya ekuhlanganyeleni komphakathi, futhi sakhe umphakathi oqinile lapho umuntu ngamunye enendima ekulolongeni ikusasa lesizwe.

Lapho izakhamuzi zihlanganyela njalo okhethweni lukamongameli nakwezinye izinhlobo zokuphila komphakathi, zakha imikhuba yokuhlanganyela esekela ukubusa ngentando yeningi ezikhathini ezinzima. Lokhu kuqina kuba okubaluleke kakhulu ikakhulukazi phakathi nezikhathi zokuhlukana kwezombangazwe, ukucindezeleka kwezomnotho, noma izinxushunxushu emphakathini.

Ukunqoba Izithiyo Ezivimbela Ukuhlanganyela Kwemibimbi

Ukukhuluma Ngesikhathi Nemithombo

Abantu abaningi baseMelika babhekene nezithiyo eziwusizo ekuthembiseni umongameli wokhetho, kuhlanganise nezikhathi zokusebenza, imithwalo yemfanelo yezingane, izinselele zokuhamba nokuntuleka kokwaziswa ngendlela yokuhlanganyela.

Amakhambi ale migoqo ahlanganisa ukwandisa ukuvota nokuvota kwasekuqaleni, ukunikeza isikhathi esikhokhelwayo sokuvota, ukunikeza izingane isikhathi sokuvota ezindaweni zokuvota nezenzakalo zomkhankaso, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi lovoti lutholakala ngezilimi eziningi namafomethi. I-Pricies efana nokubhaliswa kosuku olunye, ukubuyiselwa okufanayo kwamalungelo okuvota kubantu abanezinkolelo eziqinile, ukubhaliswa kwangaphambi kokuvota iminyaka engu-16 nengu-17, ukukhokhwa isikhathi sokuvota, futhi ukuvota kwanda ngokushesha nokuvota ngokunokwenzeka kungabona ukutholwa kwamalungelo ahlukene uma izivumelwano zomphakathi zihlelwe kabusha.

Ukulwa NobuCynic Nokudumazeka

Enye yemigoqo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthembiseni umphakathi inkolelo yokuthi ukuhlanganyela komuntu ngamunye akunandaba. Abantu abadala ababika ukuthi babengahleli ukuvota ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezalandela (25%) basho ukuthi kwakungenxa yokuthi ababoni ukuthi amavoti abo angenza umehluko. Lokhu kugxeka, nakuba kuqondakala ukuthi kunikezwa ukuhlukanisa kwezombangazwe kanye nokuzikhubaza, kululaza ukuthatha iqhaza kwentando yeningi futhi kuzenza zineliseke lapho abantu behlukanisa.

Ngokugxila emaxazululweni asekelwa abantu abanemibono ehlukahlukene, njengokwandisa izindawo zokuhlola, ukusebenzisa imingcele engokomthetho, noma ngokukhuluma ngezindawo ezivamile ezikhathazayo njengezindleko eziphakeme zokuphila, singaqinisa ukubusa ngentando yeningi, sivuselele imisipha yethu yezakhamuzi, futhi sakhe imiphakathi eqinile nenempilo. Ukugcizelela izindaba eziqinile namakhambi asebenzayo kungasiza ekunqobeni ukugxeka nokubonisa ithonya langempela lezwe lezivumelwano zomphakathi.

Ukwakha Ulwazi Namakhono Ahlangene

Ukuntuleka kokwaziswa okuphathelene nendlela yokuhlanganyela kumelela esinye isithiyo esibalulekile. Abavoti abaningi abangase babhalisa, ukuthi bangavota kuphi, baphi, bayini abadinga ukuqashwa, noma kanjani ukuba bacwaninge, noma babhekene nombuzo. Intsha idinga ulwazi lomphakathi, amathuba okuthembisana kwezakhamuzi, kanye nokuzinikela embusweni wentando yeningi, futhi laba badinga ukusebenza namaqembu obudala.

Uma iminyaka engu-18 ubudala ibingadingeka ukuba ivote, izikole beziyoba nesikhuthazo esinamandla sokunikeza imfundo eqinile yomphakathi, futhi izinhlangano zomphakathi zingatshala imfundo ebanzi ngokuvota. Ngisho noma kungaphoqelelwanga ukuba kuvote, imfundo yomphakathi yanda ezikoleni, emsebenzini, nezinhlangano zomphakathi zingasiza abantu abaningi ukuba bathuthukise ulwazi nokuqiniseka ukuze bahlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo okhethweni lukamongameli.

Ukuvimbela Izigaba Zezombangazwe

Ukuthembela komphakathi kuhulumeni kucishe kube yinani eliphansi elingokomlando, futhi amaMelika ahlukene kakhulu ngokwemibono kunanoma iliphi iqophelo lamashumi eminyaka amuva. Lokhu kuhlukana kungabangela ukubophana komphakathi kuzizwe kuphikisana futhi kungajabulisi, kudumaza ukuthatha isinyathelo. Nokho, kunezindawo eziningi zesivumelwano ngezenzo eziyothinta idemokrasi ngokuphumelelayo, njengokuncipha kokungaqondi kahle kwemithombo yezindaba (75%, 61% yabathandi bezingalingani, kanye nabangu-6% abathatha imingcele) kanye nokwanda kwezindawo zokuvota (80%, 58%, kanye no- 59%, ngo- 59%).

Ukuhlela izindawo zokuxoxa ngenhlonipho phakathi kwemibono engafani, ukugcizelela izimpikiswano zendawo lapho kuvumelana khona, nokugubha izibonelo eziphumelelayo zokubambisana okuya esiphambanweni kungasiza wonke umuntu ukuba ahlukanise futhi akhuthaze ukuhileleka okukhulu.

Indima Yabamemezeli Abahlukahlukene Ekuthuthukiseni Isivumelwano Sobumba

Izinhlangano Zemfundo

Izikole, amakholiji, namayunivesithi anendima ebalulekile ekulungiseleleni izakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele ngenkuthalo kukhetho lukamongameli. Imfundo ka-CBIC kufanele idlulele ngalé kokufundisa amaqiniso ayisisekelo ngesimo sikahulumeni ukuze ihlanganise amakhono okugxeka, ukufunda imithombo yezindaba, nolwazi olusebenzayo ngendlela yokuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo. Amathuba okufunda nokwenza izivumelwano zomphakathi awalingani kakhulu . [1] White, abafundi abacebile banezinga eliphindwe kane kuya kwesithupha njenge-Hispanic noma amaBlack bafunda ezintshomini ezizaneni eziphansi ukuze badlule izinga "lokuhlelwa" le-National Assesmentsmentsment Refecurencesments (NAEP) embusweni yezente. Ukukhuluma ngalezi zizinto ezikhona kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amaMelika angahlanganyela ekuvota zikamongameli.

Izinhlangano Zomphakathi Nezingazuzisi

Izinhlangano ezisekelwe emphakathini zisebenza njengamabhuloho abalulekile phakathi kwezakhamuzi nenqubo yezombangazwe. Ngokuvota ngentshiseko, inzuzo engekho ikhona inamandla okufinyelela abantu abaphuthelwa yimikhankaso engokwesiko, futhi eyaziwa nangokuthi "Izinga eliphakeme elikhona," futhi zisebenzela ukujoyina leliqembu lisiza ekusekeleni izakhamuzi ezikhuthele kakhulu kanye nokhetho olumelela ngokugcwele imiphakathi eziyikhonzayo. Lezinhlangano zinganikeza usizo lokuvota, abavoti, abakhokhi bomsekeli, banikeze imfundo engahambisani nemithetho yokuvota, futhi zisize abantu ukuba banqobe imingcele esebenzayo ukuze bahlanganyele.

Izimpi Nemikhankaso Yezombangazwe

Nakuba imikhankaso igxile ekuqoqeni abasekeli babo, futhi banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlanganyela ngenhlonipho nabo bonke abavoti futhi baziphathe ngezindlela eziqinisayo kunokululaza izinqubo zentando yeningi. Uma wonke umuntu evota, khona - ke ngethemba wonke umuntu ulalele, futhi abazokudla futhi amaqembu kuyodingeka benze imizamo yokudonsa ukusekela okukhulu. Imikhankaso ebeka phambili izingxoxo zezimiso, ulwazi oluqondile, nengxoxo yenhlonipho inezela ekuthembiseni inhlalakahle yabantu.

Abanikazi Bemithombo Yezindaba Nolwazi

Izinhlangano zezindaba, iziteshi zezokuxhumana nezinye izikhungo zokwaziswa zilawula indlela izakhamuzi eziqonda ngayo okhethweni lukamongameli kanye nendima yazo kuzo. Ukunikeza ukwaziswa okunembile, okulinganiselayo, nokufinyelelekayo mayelana nabazocela ukubhapathizwa, izimpikiswano, kanye nezinqubo zokuvota kusekela ukuthembisana komphakathi okunolwazi. Ukulwa amanga kanye nokwakha izindawo zokuxoxa ngezombangazwe kunezingxenye ezibalulekile ekuhlanganyeleni kwentando yeningi.

Abaqashi

Amabhizinisi nabaqashi bangasekela izivumelwano zomphakathi ngokuzinika isikhathi sokuvota, ngokuvumela ukuba kubhaliswe abavoti, ngokuhlanganyela ukwaziswa okungahlangani nezindawo zomsebenzi ezikwazisayo ukuhlanganyela komphakathi.

Uhulumeni Nezikhulu Ezikhethayo

Abaqondisi bezokuvota banomthwalo wemfanelo okhethekile wokwenza ukuvota kutholakale, kulondeke futhi kuthembeke. Umsebenzi womphakathi wonke ungenza izikhulu zokhetho zendawo nezwe zikwazi ukudedela izikhulu zendawo ukuba zishiye imithetho yokuvota emisa imingcele yokuvota. Ngisho noma kungekho gunya elinjalo, izikhulu zokhetho zingandisa ukukhetha, zithuthukise imfundo efinyelelekayo, ziqinisekise izindawo zokuvota, futhi zilondoloze izinqubo zokukhetha ezilondekile ezakha ukuqiniseka komphakathi.

Ukubheka Phambili: Ikusasa Lokuhlanganyela Kwe - cobic Ekukhetheni Kobumongameli

Ukuthambekela Okukhulayo Namathuba

Ezimweni eziningi, intsha ithatha isinyathelo ngamazinga afanayo noma aphakeme kunaseminyakeni edlule — — ivukela, isayina izicelo, futhi inikela ngemali emikhankasweni yokukhetha engaphezu kweyangesikhathi esidlule.

Ubuchwepheshe buyaqhubeka buvula amathuba amasha okuthembisana umphakathi, kusukela kumahholo edolobha ebhaliswa nge - Internet kuya emahholo ayinkimbinkimbi emfundo. Nokho, ubuchwepheshe buletha izinselele, kuhlanganise nokungaqondi kahle, ukuhlukana kwezibalo okungahlanganisi eminye imiphakathi, nokukhathalela ukuba wedwa nokulondeka. Ukuwasebenzisa la mathuba nezinselele kuyohlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa komongameli esikhathini esizayo.

Ukubaluleka Kokuhlanganyela Ngokusekela

Nakuba ukhetho lukamongameli ludonsa ukunakekela okukhulu nokuhlanganyela, ukusekela ukuhlangana komphakathi phakathi kokhetho kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Irepublic enempilo ixhomeke ezakhamuzini ezinolwazi, ezinezimiso ezizimisele ukuhlanganyela kuzo zonke izinga, futhi idinga abaholi abakulungele ukuqonda izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukubhekana nokungezwani ngamabomu, futhi bathathe umthwalo wemfanelo emiphakathini yabo. Imikhuba yokwakha yokuhlanganyela komphakathi phakathi nokhetho phakathi nokhetho lwendawo. . Ukuhlala waziwa ngezenzakalo zesimiso, ukuxhumana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe nedemokhrasi futhi kwenza ukuvota komongameli kube nenzuzo futhi kube nokuphumelela ngokwengeziwe.

Ukusingatha Izinselele Zesimiso Semvelo

Ngokufaka imali empumelelweni engokwemali yabantu, abenzi bezimiso nabaholi bomphakathi bangaqinisa idemokrasi yesizwe sethu, futhi izinhlelo nezimiso eziklanyelwe ukuxazulula igebe lengcebo lobuhlanga, ukwandisa ukunethezeka kwezindlu, ukuthuthukisa izinga lomsebenzi, nokuvikela abathengi ngeke nje kuphela kuthuthukise inhlalakahle engokwezimali kodwa futhi kunciphise ukuhlukana kwezenhlalo futhi kuthuthukise ukulingana okungalingani kakhulu nokubusa ngentando yeningi. Ukuqaphela ukuthi ukubopha kwesizwe kuhlangene nezindaba ezibanzi zokulondeka kwezomnotho, ukulingana kwezenhlalo, nezindlela zempilo ezibanzi zokuthuthukisa ukungenela kwentando yeningi.

Ukwakha Isiko Lomthwalo Wemfanelo Wesiphakamiso

Ekugcineni, ukubopha komphakathi ngomdlandla oqinile kuxhomeke ekuhlakuleleni isiko elibheka ukuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi njengelungelo nomthwalo wemfanelo. Umqondo womsebenzi womphakathi usukela emuva emuva ezweni lasendulo(e-Athene lasendulo neRoma yasendulo, "ubuhle be-CUvivic" yayiyingxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi futhi kukholelwa ukuthi iye yathonya abaFundi be-Melika abaFuniswe. Ukuzuza lomqondo wobuhle bomphakathi wezikhathi zanamuhla kusho ukusiza wonke amaMelika ukuba aqonde ukuthi ukuhlanganyela kwawo, ukuthi intando yeningi idinga isibopho esisebenzayo ukuze aphile futhi aphumelele, nokuthi isibopho somphakathi asizuzile isimiso sezombangazwe kuphela kodwa nabantu ngabanye.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zokwandisa Indima Yakho Yomzimba

Qala ngokubhalisa ngeVoter

Uma ungakabhaliswanga ukuba uvote, yenza lokho kube yindawo yokuqala. Bheka izimfuneko zokuvota nomthetho wakho obhalisayo, qoqa noma yimuphi umbhalo odingekayo, futhi uqede inqubo yokubhalisa. Uma usubhalisile, qinisekisa ukuthi ukubhalisa kwakho kungokunje futhi kunembile, ikakhulukazi uma uthuthile noma ulishintshile igama lakho. Khona - ke siza abanye emphakathini wakho ukuba bavote, ikakhulukazi labo abangase babhekane nemingcele noma baswele ulwazi ngenqubo.

Zifundise Ngezindaba Nezindaba Ezingezona Ezibalulekile

Zinike isikhathi sokucwaninga abazothatha umongameli, izikhundla zabo zezimiso, amarekhodi abo, nezimfanelo zabo. Bheka ngalé kokukhangisa ngemikhankaso nezindawo zomphakathi ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okungasho lutho emithonjeni ethembekile. Cabangela ukuba khona kwabafundi abazohlolwa, ukubuka izimpikiswano, nokufunda ngokuhlaziya okujule kakhulu. Uma ufunda, yilapho uqala khona ukuthatha isinyathelo.

Hlanganyela Ezingxoxweni

Xoxa nomkhaya, abangane, omakhelwane, nasebenza nabo ngokhetho lukamongameli. Hlanganisa ulwazi, lalela imibono ehlukene, futhi uhlanganyele ngenhlonipho nalabo abanemibono engafani. Lezingxoxo zisiza ekusakazeni ukuqapha, ukubekela inselele, futhi zakhe ukuhlobana komphakathi okusekela ukuthembisana okuhle komphakathi. Khumbula ukuthi umgomo awukona ngempela ukushintsha izingqondo kodwa ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda nokukhuthaza ukuhlanganyela.

Zinikele Ngesikhathi Sakho

Ngisho namahora ambalwa okusebenza ngokuzithandela ngokuzithandela emsebenzini wobumongameli, noma inhlangano engekho kweyabo umphakathi, angenza umehluko, futhi lokhu kuyojulisa ukuqonda kwakho inqubo yezombangazwe kuyilapho uhlangana nabanye abahlanganyela ekubophekeni kwakho nomphakathi.

Yenza Lokho Ongakwenza

Uma uyakwazi, nikela ngemali kwabazobhapathizwa noma ubangele ukuba uxhase. Ngisho neminikelo emincane inezela futhi ibonise ukusekela kotshani. Uma ungakwazi ukunikela ngokwezimali, cabangela ukunikela ngesikhathi sakho, amakhono, noma ezinye izimali ukuze usekele imizamo yomphakathi emphakathini wakini.

Sebenzisa Izwi Lakho Ezokuxhumana

Xoxani ngokunembile ngovota, abazovota, kanye nezindaba zezenhlalo. Iqiniso ngaphambi kokuba nixoxe, niveze imithombo ethembekile, futhi ningene ngenhlonipho nabanye. Sebenzisa i-web site ye-internet ukuze ukhuthaze ukuhlanganyela nokumemeza okungasaqondakali.

Yiba Nezenzakalo Nezindawo Zokubuka Izindaba

Ukuhlanganyela emahholo edolobha, izikhungo zokuhlangana, imihlangano yomphakathi, nezinye izenzakalo ezihlobene nokhetho lukamongameli. lemibuthano inikeza amathuba okubuza imibuzo, ukuveza ukukhathazeka, ukufunda kwabanye, nokubonisa isithakazelo somphakathi ezindabeni zomphakathi. Izindaba zakho zokuba khona kwakho futhi zinengxenye ekuthembiseni isiko lokuthembisana.

Siza Abanye Bahlanganyele

Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukunikeza izinto zokuhamba ezindaweni zokuvota, ukusiza ngokubhalisa amavoti, ukuchaza izinqubo zokuvota, noma ukumane ukhuthaze ukuvota. Ukuhlanganisa imizamo yomuntu ngamunye kuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu ofuna ukuhlanganyela kungenza kanjalo.

Ungabeki Ithuba Lakho Nangemva Kosuku Lokhetho

Khumbula ukuthi ukuthembisana komphakathi akupheli uma izinqumo ziphela. Hlala wazi ukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe zenzani, khuluma nabameleli bakho, hlanganyela kuhulumeni wendawo, futhi uqhubeke nemikhuba yokuhlanganyela komphakathi osuyisungulile. Lokhu kuqinisekisiwe kwenza ukuba ukhetho lomongameli lube olunengqondo kakhulu futhi lusize ukuba izikhulu ezikhethiwe zihlale zinesibopho phakathi nokhetho.

Amandla Okushintsha Okuhlanganyela Kwesigqibi

Isivumelwano sokhetho lukamongameli simelela okungaphezu kakhulu komsebenzi wesizwe noma isiko lentando yeningi, − kumandla amakhulu okulololonga ikusasa lesizwe sethu nemiphakathi. Uma izakhamuzi zihlanganyela ngentshiseko enqubweni yokukhetha, ziqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni uyaqhubeka enesibopho, ukuthi kuzwakala amazwi ahlukahlukene, ukuthi izinhlelo zomphakathi ziveza izidingo zomphakathi, nokuthi izinhlangano zentando yeningi zihlala ziqinile futhi zisemthethweni.

Izinzuzo zesivumelwano somphakathi zidlulela ngalé kwezombangazwe ukuze zithinte zonke izici zokuphila komphakathi, kusukela ekutholeni inzuzo yezomnotho kuya ekuhlanganeni kwezenhlalo kuya enhlalakahleni yomuntu ngamunye. Ngokuhlanganyela okhethweni lukamongameli (ngokhetho) noma ngabe ngokuvota, ngokuvota, ngokusebenza ngokuzithandela, ngokuxoxa ngezindaba, noma nganoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokuthembisana, [1] abanikeli abatshala imali ezicini zabo zekusasa nasempilweni yentando yeningi ngokwayo.

Nakuba imingcele yokuhlanganyela iphikelela, kuhlanganise nokungalingani kwezenhlalo, ukulinganiselwa kwesikhathi, ukuntuleka kokwaziswa, nokungathembeki kwezombangazwe, lezi zinselele azinakunqotshwa.

Iziphakamiso kukhetho lukamongameli ziphakeme, zithinta yonke into kusukela ekunakekeleni impilo nasemfundweni kuya esimisweni sesimo sezulu nobulungisa bezenhlalo. Izinqumo ezenziwa amongameli azimi izimo zamanje nje kuphela kodwa futhi zibuye zilolonge isisusa sesizwe iminyaka eminingi ezayo. Lokhu kwenza noma ubani okhathalela ikusasa lomphakathi wakhe nezwe angesona nje isibopho somphakathi.

Njengoba sibheka okhethweni lukamongameli wesikhathi esizayo, umbuzo awukhona ukuthi izindaba zokuthembisana zomphakathi − ubufakazi bubonisa ngokungenakungatshazwa ukuthi zenza njalo − kodwa kunalokho indlela esinganweba futhi sijulise ngayo ukuhlanganyela ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi idemokrasi iyasebenza kubo bonke. Lokhu kudinga isibopho kubantu ngabanye, ukusekela ezinhlanganweni, nokuqonda okufanayo ukuthi isithembiso somphakathi silungile futhi sinomthwalo osekela ukuhlolwa kwentando yeningi.

Ngokuqonda ukuthi kungani izindaba zomphakathi kukhethwa kumongameli futhi sithatha isinyathelo sokuhlanganyela ngokugcwele, sihlonipha izinhloso zentando yeningi isizwe sethu esasizisekele futhi sisiza ukuba sakhe ikusasa elibonisa izifiso zethu eziphakeme zobulungisa, ukulingana nethuba kubo bonke.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokuvota kanye namathuba okubopha, vakashela Vate.gov, iwebhusayithi kahulumeni esemthethweni yevoti ye-U.S. ukuze uthole ulwazi lokhetho. Ukufunda okwengeziwe ngemfundo yomphakathi nemisebenzi yemfundo yomphakathi nentsha, uhlola imithombo yemali ethathwe ye Information & Lamp; Ukucwaninga nge CBICTING Learning and Cincmentation [FTY:3] eTufts University. Ku-onatepartarian revotar procer nemishini, hlola i-V , okunikeza izinhlangano ezisebenza ukuze zandisa ukuhlanganisa.