Table of Contents
Okwenza Ukuzwana Kwesiko Kubaluleke Ekuthuthukiseni Ukwanda Kwabantu
Ukubalwa kwabantu okuphumelelayo kuxhomeke ekuthatheni ingxenye ngokuzithandela kwezakhamuzi zonke. Nokho imiphakathi eminingi isalokhu inikezwa ukwesaba okusekelwe emlandweni wezesiko, ukukhathazeka ngasese, noma ekuvinjelweni kolimi. Ukunganaki lokhu kungafani akuwona amazinga aphansi nje kuphela okusabela, okungavumelani nokwaziswa okuxhasa ukuxhasa izikole, izibhedlela, imigwaqo, nokukhululeka kwezinhlekelele. Ukuhlela ukungenela ngaphandle kokunaka kwempucuko kungaqinisa ukungathembani futhi kususe wona kanye amaqembu ahlose ukubala abantu.
I-Census Bureau yase-U.S. sekuyisikhathi eside iqaphela ukuthi izici zamasiko zithonya ukuthatha iqhaza. Ngokwesibonelo, 2020 inani lababalwayo laba nenani eliphansi phakathi kwezakhamuzi zaseMelika zamaSpeyin, amaBlack, namaNdiya aseMelika [, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokungathembani komlando nezikhala zolimi. Ngokukhuluma ngalamaqembu angenaluzwelayo, amaqembu angakha amabhulobhulo, anciphise ukukhathazeka, futhi adale indawo lapho wonke umuntu ezizwa ephephile futhi eshukumbele ukusabela.
Ukuzwela kwempucuko akukona ukuguqula isigijimi ukuze sijabulise wonke umuntu; kusekuhleleni isigijimi ngendlela evumelana nemiphakathi ethile. Kudinga ukufunda ukuthi yini ebaluleke kakhulu eqenjini ngalinye, ihlonipha amasiko alo, futhi isebenzisa imizila eliyithembayo. Lesi sihloko sinikeza uhlelo olubanzi lokuthuthukiswa kwababalo okunengqondo ngokwesiko okungathuthukisa ukunemba, ukwethembana, nokuthembisana kwezizwe ezihlala isikhathi eside.
Ukuqonda Ukuqonda Okujulile Kwesiko
Ukwehluleka kwempucuko ukugwema ukucasulwa, kudlulela ngalé kokuvuma ngentshiseko ukuthi imiphakathi ehlukene inezindinganiso ezihlukene, izindinganiso, nokuhlangenwe nakho okungokomlando okuthonywe uhlanga, ubuzwe, inkolo, imvelaphi yesizwe, noma isimo sokufuduka. Lezizici zithinta ngokuqondile indlela abantu ababheka ngayo ukuqoqwa kwemininingwane kahulumeni njengokubala.
Indima Yomlando
Imiphakathi eminingi enemibala eUnited States inezinkumbulo zokutshelwa kukahulumeni okusetshenziswayo. I-Tuskegee Syphilis Study, ukubhaliswa kwe-Japane phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, nokubhaliswa ngempoqo kwamaMelika Omdabu kumane kuyizibonelo ezimbalwa nje ezibangela ukungathembani kwesizukulwane. Emiphakathini yabafuduki, ukwesaba kungase kugxile ekuhlanganiseni ulwazi nokugcinwa kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe. Uma ukubalwa kwabantu akunandaba ngokuqondile lokhu kwesaba, kubonisa ukunganaki noma ukungazi.
Imibono Yokuba Wedwa Nezokuphepha Kwemininingwane
Izizinda zamasiko zithonya futhi lokho abantu abakubheka njengokungasese. Kwamanye amasiko, ukuxoxa ngokwaziswa komuntu siqu nabantu abangabazi kuyavinjelwa, kuyilapho kwezinye kucatshangwa ukuthi kuphephile uma uhulumeni ekuqinisekisa. Ukucwaninga kwe-Pew] kwathola ukuthi u-81% waseMelika banomuzwa wokuthi abanakho ukulawula ngendlela izinkampani ezisebenzisa ngayo ukwaziswa [, futhi izinhlangano zikahulumeni zivame ukubhekana nokungaqiniseki kakhulu. Ukudlulisa izivikelo ezingokomthetho (ezinjengesihloko 13 se-U.S. Code, ezibopha i-Creaunicas Bureaual ekuhlanganyelenice ukwaziswa okusobala ngomthetho obekiwe, kodwa okubalulekile ukuze zakhelwe, kodwa kumelwe zenziwe ngendlela engokwesiko.
Izinkulumo Ezingokwenkolo Nezesiko
Ngokwesibonelo, imibuzo ephathelene nokuba amalungu ekhaya noma isimo sobuhlobo ingangqubuzana namalungiselelo okuhlala emphakathini kwamanye amasiko. Izinto zokuthola le nkinga kufanele zivume ukuthi lokhu kuhlelwa akuyona into enembile futhi zichaze ukuthi ukubalwa kwabantu akuwahluleli lawo malungiselelo.
Izithiyo Ezivamile Zempucuko Zokubala
Ukwazi isithiyo esiqondile umphakathi ngamunye obhekene naso kuvumela abahleli ukuba balungise indlela ababhekene ngayo. Ngezansi kuyizithiyo ezivame kakhulu, kanye nomongo.
Izithiyo Zolimi
Izilimi ezingaphezu kuka-350 zikhulunywa emakhaya ase-U.S.. Ngisho nalapho amafomu okubala enikezwa ngezilimi eziningi, izakhamuzi eziningi azikwazi ukufunda nokubhala kulezo zinguqulo noma zikhetha ukwaziswa okukhulunywayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezizweni ezihlukene, izilimi ezihlukene kanye namagama ezifundazweni. Ukuthembela kuphela ezinguqulweni ezibhaliwe kungalahlekelwa yizo zonke izingxenye zomphakathi. [ikhaya elizimele], lapho kungekho muntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-14 okhuluma isiNgisi kahle, kanye nama-cortreacts aphendulayo aphansi.
Ukungathembani Ngezimiso Zikahulumeni
Lomngcele ngokuvamile ubizwa kabi ngokuthi ukunganaki noma ubuvila. Eqinisweni, kuyindlela enengqondo yokusabela ekuphileni. Ngokwesibonelo, imiphakathi yabansundu, ikhumbula indima kahulumeni ekugqilazweni, ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu, nokuboshwa kwabantu abaningi. Imiphakathi yamaMelika yoMdabu iye yakhuthazelela izivumelwano eziphukileyo futhi yaphoqelelwa ukuba ithuswe. Imikhaya yama-Immigrant ingase yesabe ukuthi ukwaziswa kokubala kuzosetshenziswa ekuxosheni izihlobo. Ukwethemba kokwakha kudinga ukuvuma lemiphakathi ngokwethembeka futhi kubonisa ukuthi lokhu kubalwa kwabantu kusebenza ngaphansi kwesivikelo esikhethekile semfihlo.
Ukuma Kwamasiko Emkhayeni
Amasiko amaningi achaza ukuthi “izindawo” zihlukile kulokhu okushiwo abantu. Imikhaya ebanzi, amakhaya ahlukahlukene, noma abantu abahlala ndawonye abangebona abakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi bakhona ngempela. Ngaphandle kokubuza ngekhono elibi, ingashiya abantu bengenaso iso noma ingasabeli nhlobo.
Izidingo Ezingalawuleki Nezitholakalayo
Ukuzwelana kwempucuko kuhlanganisa nokuqaphela indlela izinkolo ezikhubazekile ezihlangene ngayo namasiko. Eminye imiphakathi ingaba nehlazo ngokukhubazeka okuyivimbela ekufuneni usizo noma amafonethi atholakalayo. Eminye ingathembela ezinhlanganweni ezisekela umphakathi kunemithombo engokomthetho. Ukunikeza ukufinyelela okungokomphakathi nokukwazi ukufinyelela kungasusa izithiyo ezifihliwe.
Indlela Yokuphila Yezinkathi Zonyaka Nezinkathi Zonyaka
Izisebenzi zezolimo, imikhaya yamaMelika oMdabu ethutha phakathi kwezindlu zasebusika ne zasehlobo, kanye nabantu abangahlali ezindlini ezivalekile. Amasiko abo angase azise ukuhamba nokuzimela, kodwa ukubalwa kwabantu kuthatha ikheli elimisiwe. Ukuhlangana ngenhlonipho lapho bekhona, kumelwe kuhlangane nabantu abaphila khona ngokomzimba nangokwesiko kunokuba kulindelwe ukuba bavumelane nesibonelo esiqinile.
Izisu Zokuthuthukisa Impucuko
Amasu asebenzayo awasebenzi nje kuphela. Ancike olwazini lwendawo, ukubambisana, nokuzimisela kwangempela ukuvumelana. Izindlela ezilandelayo zitholakele ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokusabela kwenani phakathi kwabantu abahlukahlukene ngokwesiko.
Ukuhlanganyela Nabaholi Bomphakathi Njengezithunywa Ezithenjwayo
Abaholi bomphakathi .(abefundisi), amaamam, abadala besizwe, abahleli bezinhlangano, abahleli benhlangano yomphakathi, abanikazi bamabhizinisi abancane − banikeza ukuthembeka ukuthi akukho inxusa likahulumeni elingafana nakho. Uma bevumela ukubalwa kwabantu, abalandeli babo balalele. Abahleli kufanele babaphawule abaholi bakudala, babafushanise kahle, futhi babanike amandla okuhlela lesi sigijimi. Ngokwesibonelo, kuma 2020 Censues, ukubambisana nemikhandlu yemiphakathi yama-Alaskaday kwaholela ekwandeni kokusabela emiphakathini ekude. Isihluthulelo kufanele singabaphathi abaholi emphakathini njengabangaboshelwangabo abangenwa yizi abaqonda izindaba ezikhethekile zomphakathi.
Sebenzisa Ukulandisa Ngezindaba Ezingokwesiko
Esikhundleni samaqiniso avamile mayelana nokuxhasa imali, bhala izindaba ezizwakalayo. Umkhaya wase-Vietnam nowaseMelika ungalandisa indaba ngendlela ukwaziswa okuphathelene nokubala abantu okwasiza ngayo ukwandisa umthola-mpilo womphakathi osiza imitholampilo ephansi etholakala e-Asia. Umphakathi wase-Somali eMinnesota ungaphendula indaba ngomdala wendawo obazukulu bakhe manje sebenesikole ngenxa yokusekela imali ngokunembile. Izindaba zenza izinzuzo ezingabonakali zibonakale zinengqondo futhi zithembeke. Gwema ukubheka imidaba; isizinda samazwi abantu abahlala emphakathini.
Zilungiselele Izinto Eziningi Ezitholakala Ngezilimi Ezihlukahlukene
Ukuhumusha kuyimfuneko encane, hhayi indlela ethile. Izilimi okusetshenziswayo kufanele zibonise umphakathi, hhayi amaqembu amakhulu kakhulu. Sebenzisa amavidiyo, imiyalezo ezwakalayo, imibhalo yocingo, kanye nokuchaza ubuso nobuso. Gwema izinguqulo ezisemthethweni ezizwana kakhulu nezinezwi elizwakalayo. Amalungu omphakathi angasiza ekubukezeni izinguqulo ngokuhlelwa kwemiklamo yemvelo nokufaneleka kwamasiko. Futhi, zinikeze izinto ezibhalwe ngemibhalo emikhulu, i-Braille, kanye namafomethi afundeka kalula alabo abanemigomo elinganiselwe yesiNgisi noma yokufunda.
Isosha eliyimfihlo
Ungacabangi ukuthi abantu bazi ukuthi ukusabela kwabo kuyimfihlo ngokomthetho. Phakathi nokutholana, umemezelo oqondile: Isihloko 13 senqabela i-Census Bureau ukuba ihlanganyele ulwazi lomuntu siqu nomthetho ogunyaza ukufuduka, noma abanikazi bezindawo. Sigcizelela ukuthi akukho muntu, i-FBI, noma izikhulu zentela . .Umthetho ugcina izimpendulo zakho ziyimfihlo ngisho nakwezinye izingxenye zikahulumeni.” Ukuhlanganisa lokhu nezibonelo zendawo zokuthembana, njengomholi womphakathi ufakazela ukuthi bayazethemba inqubo.
Hlonipha Izenzakalo Ezingokwenkolo Nezesiko
Ungabhali izenzakalo zokubalwa kwabantu phakathi namaholide amakhulu, izikhathi zokuzila ukudla, noma imibuthano ebalulekile yomphakathi ngaphandle kwemvume ecacile evela kubaholi bomphakathi. Ngisho nokuthatha imvume eqondile kungakuphatha kabi uma ungalinaki ikhalenda leqembu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cabangela izikhathi ezifaneleka ngokwesiko. Ngokwesibonelo, eminye imiphakathi yamaSulumane ingakhetha izenzakalo zakusihlwa ngemva kwezikhathi zomthandazo, kuyilapho imiphakathi eminingi yase-Latino isabela kahle kakhulu ezinsukwini zempelasonto ezehlela umkhaya.
Nikeza Usizo Ngezindlela Ezilandelanayo
Abantu abaningi abasabeli ngoba besaba ukwenza iphutha. Basize ngezindawo ezithenjwayo njengamasonto, izikhungo zomphakathi, imitapo yezincwadi, noma ngisho nangezingcingo ezishiswa izisebenzi ezikhuluma izilimi ezimbili. Kwamanye amasiko, ukucela usizo kubhekwa njengehlazo; ukukuveza njengokuyingxenye evamile yenqubo. Qeqesha abasizi ukuba babe nesineke, bangahluleli, futhi baqaphele ukuzwelana kocingo ngezindaba zomuntu siqu (umz., ungabuzi ngemibuzo ngemizwa yamalungu omkhaya ehlelweni lomphakathi).
Sebenzisa Izinto Ezibhekwa Ngendlela Efanele Ngokwesiko
Izithombe zibalulekile. Isimpukane esibonisa umkhaya wenuzi ofanele singahlukanisa amasiko ayigugu anezinxoxo ezixwesiwe. Sebenzisa izithombe ezibonisa ukuhlukahluka okungokoqobo komphakathi(inani eliphakathi), izimpahla ezingokwesiko, imibala yesikhumba, kanye nobudala obuhlukahlukene. Gwema ukulinganisa izimpawu; qinisekisa izithombe ukuthi zizizwa ziyiqiniso futhi azifani nezithombe zamasheke. Uma kungenzeka, sebenzisa izithombe ezisendaweni yakini kanye nemvume yomphakathi.
Ukwakha Ukwethemba Nokuhlanganyela
Ukwethembana kuyimali yokubala abantu. Ngaphandle kwakho, ngisho namasu angcono kakhulu ayahluleka. Ukwakha ithemba kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuthembisana ngokuhlonipheka okuqhubekayo ngaphambi kokuba kubelwe futhi kuqhubeke ngemva kokuba kuphelile.
Yakha Ubuhlobo Nezigwegwe Ezinde
Ungaqali ukufinyelela amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka. Umsebenzi nezinhlangano zomphakathi unyaka wonke, ngisho nalapho kungenziwa ukubalwa kwabantu. Lezimpawu zibonisa ukuthi izinhlangano zikahulumeni zikhathalela umphakathi ngaphandle kokubala izinhloko. IBunga lokulinganisela le-U.S. lisebenzise “Uhlelo lokuHlakulela izimali” ebuhlotsheni obuqhubekayo nezinhlangano zesizwe nezendawo, okuye kwaletha inzuzo lapho inani lenani lenani lezibalo linyuka.
Bonisayo Ngokusetshenziswa Kwemininingwane
Chaza ukuthi ukwaziswa kokubala kunquma ngokuqondile ukumelelwa komphakathi kanye nokunikezwa kwezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi ezikoleni, eMedicare, usizo lokudla, imigwaqo, nezinkonzo eziphuthumayo. Qedela lezo zinzuzo ezincutsheni zomphakathi ezikhathalelayo.
Sebenzisa ekuphumeleni kwe-Person e-Sync amaqembu aqinile-ye-Aya-eye-eye-eye-eye-eye-eye-eye-
Iposi ne-intanethi ayinele emiphakathini ekwazi ukufinyelela i-minute noma ehamba kakhulu. Ukuhlola umnyango ukuya endlini ngeminyango eqeqeshiwe yilungu lomphakathi elikhuluma ulimi lwendawo futhi elihlonipha isiko kungathuthukisa kakhulu. Ku-2020 Censussion, i-Nonresponse Follow Evision ethumelelwe abadwebi be-profectorers ensimini, kodwa imiphumela engcono kakhulu yavela kubaqashi bendawo abakhe banobuhlobo nomphakathi. Cabangela “izinhlelo eziphathisiwe” ezihlanganisa izenzakalo zomphakathi.
Izinhlangano Ezisekelwe Emphakathini
Amaqembu asebenza namaqembu anezimpande zotshani kakade asiza umphakathi − amabhange okudla, imitholampilo, izikhungo zababaleki, amanxusa angenanzuzo e-Orient America. Lezizinhlangano zikhona futhi zingakhuthaza ukubalwa kwabantu ukuba bangene ezinkonzweni zazo zasikhathi sonke. Zinikeze izinto zokwakha, ukuqeqesha, nokuxhasa ngezimali ukuze zisekele imizamo yazo.
Thola Izindawo Eziphephile Zokubuza Imibuzo
Abantu abaningi banamahloni ukuvuma ukuthi abaqondi ukubalwa kwabantu noma besaba imiphumela. Abaphethe “izenzakalo ezivulekile” abantu abangazibuza noma yiziphi iziphi izenzakalo ngaphandle kokwaziwa. Bathumelele lezi zenzakalo abaqondisi abanekhono lempucuko abakwazi ukuchaza imithetho eyinkimbinkimbi ngolimi olucacile. Sebenzisa ibhokisi lemibuzo ngezihloko ezibucayi. Landelani ama FAQ abhalwe ngolimi lomphakathi.
Ukulinganisa Impumelelo Nentuthuko Eqhubekayo
Ukukwazi ukuzwa u-Caltural akuyona i-CPR eyodwa; idinga ukuhlolwa nokulungisa okuqhubekayo. Abahleli kufanele baqoqe ukuzwana komphakathi nomphakathi osebenza nawo ukuze baqonde ukuthi yini esebenzayo nehlulekayo.
Izinga Lokusabela Kwendlela Ngesayensi Yezwe Nezesayensi Yezibalo
Sebenzisa ibalazwe le-Census Bureau lokuzilanda phakathi nenkathi yokuhlelwa kwezibalo ukuze ubone ukuthi yimaphi amadolobhana anezinga eliphansi lokusabela. Khona - ke yibambele imithombo eyengeziwe lapho. Ngemva kokuba kuqalwe, hlaziya izinga lokungalingani ngesizwe, ubuzwe, neqembu lolimi ngokusebenzisa ukucwaninga okunjenge-Post-Enumerication Survey. Le mininingwane ingazisa amasu okuthola inzuzo esikhathini esizayo.
Butha Imali Ewukudla Okubalulekile
Xoxa nabaholi bomphakathi nezakhamuzi ngemva kokuhlangana. Yini ababenayo? Imiphi imiyalezo ezwakala kakhulu? Imiphi imikhondo ephumelela kakhulu? Ukuziphatha kugxila kumaqembu ngezilimi ezingezizo isiNgisi. Bheka ukwehluleka njengethuba lokufunda. Ngokwesibonelo, uma isiqephu sokwaziswa sasinokwaziswa okuncane, buza ngokuqondile ukuthi isikhathi, indawo, noma indlela eyinkinga.
Ukuzivumelanisa Nemijikelezo Yesikhathi Esizayo
Ushintsho lwempucuko olusha lufika, ukushintshwa kolimi oluthandwayo, ukwethembana nokugeleza. Izifundo zedokhumende zifundwa ngendlela engadluliselwa kalula emaqenjini okubala abantu esikhathini esizayo. Yenza “incwadi yokudlala okuzwana kwemidaba” yomphakathi omkhulu ngamunye, kuhlanganise nokwaziswa kokuxhumana kwabaholi abayinhloko, imikhondo yokuxhumana ethandwayo, kanye nomongo womlando. Lolwazi lweziqu zomphakathi luqinisekisa ukuqhubekeka ngisho noma izisebenzi zingaphendukela.
Isiphetho
Ukubhekana nokungavumelani kwempucuko lapho kukhuthazwa ukubalwa kwabantu akuyona into engenziwa ngokuzikhethela, kodwa kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni izibalo eziphelele nezinembile. Ngokuqaphela umlando ohlukene, ukwesaba, nezinkolelo ezithonya ubuhlobo bomphakathi ngamunye nohulumeni, ukuthatha isinyathelo kungasuka ekukhethekeni okuvamile kuya ekutheni kufane nabaholi abathembekile, kusebenzise izindaba ezingokwesiko, ukunikeza imithombo yemali engokwezilimi, futhi ukuhlonipha imikhuba engokwenkolo kubonisa inhlonipho futhi kwakhe ukwethenjelwa okudingekile ukuze umuntu ahlanganyele.
Izinzuzo zidlulela ngalé komjikelezo wokubala. Uma imiphakathi izizwa izwa futhi ihlonishwa, ithambekele kakhulu ekuhilelekeni kwezinye izinqubo zomphakathi, kusukela ekuvoteni kuya ekufuneni izinzuzo zomphakathi. Indlela esheshayo engokwesiko iguqula ukubalwa kwabantu ekubeni isibopho sobubhishobhi sibe ithuba lokunika amandla nokubambisana. Abahleli abafaka imali ekuqondeni nasekuzivumelani namasiko ahlukile ngeke bagcine ngokubona ukusabela okungcono, kodwa bayosiza ekululameni ukuma isikhathi eside futhi baqinise indwangu yomphakathi iminyaka eminingi ezayo.