Kuyini Ukukhetha Phakathi Nezikhathi?

Ukhetho lwe-micter luphakathi nenkathi kamongameli engu-493ar, ngokuvamile ngoLwesibili lokuqala ngemva koMsombuluko wokuqala ngoNovemba weminyaka ewunyaka ewunyaka wokhetho lomongameli. Ziyisici esiyinhloko sesimiso sikahulumeni wase-United States, zinikeza abavoti ithuba elivamile lokubuyisela amandla eSigqeni, uhulumeni ophethe i-capitols, nohulumeni bendawo. Nakuba ukhetho lukamongameli ludonsela ukunakekela komphakathi okukhulu kakhulu nokujika, izigaba eziphakathi zilandela: banquma ukuthi yimaphi iqembu elilawula iNdlundlo yoMphathi we-Admiss, futhi iqembu eliphethe iningi eGagesain, futhi bamisa izinga eminyakeni emibili yokugcina yesigaba sikamongameli.

Ngokomlando, ukhetho lwaphakathi nenkathi ka-1998 no-2002 luye lwasebenza njenge-parenteum ekusebenzeni kukamongameli ohleliyo. Kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, iqembu lomongameli liye lalahlekelwa izihlalo zendlu kuzo zonke izikhawu ezimbili kuphela (1998 no 2002). Lokhu kulandela, ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi “isigwebo senkathi ephakathi,” kubonisa ukunganeliseki, ukungaqiniseki okuphansi phakathi kwabasekeli bakamongameli, noma isifiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela. Ukuqonda okwenzeka phakathi kwama-partumss shorts (eyers) ukusuka kuma-courage okhetho olungokovotiname e-union.[8]

Ukuhlanganyela Nemishini Yokujikeleza

Kukhetho lukamongameli, umvoti ngokuvamile udlula amaphesenti angu-60 enani elifanele lokuvota. Phakathi kwama-midrs, lelonani liwela cishe ku-40-50%. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nokhetho lwaphakathi nonyaka ka 2022 kwakungu-6,8% yabavoti abafanele, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangaphezu kuka 66% kunyulo lukamongameli lwama 2020, ngokwe- U.S. Bureaunication. Lokhu kulahla i-[62] ikakhulukazi phakathi kovoti eshaywe-vote, abambalwa bezinhlanga nabezinhlanga, nabantu abaholayo abaphansi.

Izici eziningana zichaza ukuthi phakathi nenkathi ephansi kakhulu. Abavoti abaningi bacabanga ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi umongameli usengozini uma engekho kumphathi we-collet. Izindaba ziyancipha futhi ukukhankaswa komkhankaso kuvame ukuncipha kakhulu ngaphandle kwezifunda ezincintisanayo. Kodwa phakathi nenkathi ibilokhu inyuka emijikelezweni yamuva nje: ama-2018 maphakathi ebone umbhalo ophakeme cishe u-49% wabavoti abafanele, abaqhutshwa yintshiseko enamandla phakathi kukaDemocrats nomfutho omelene noMongameli Trump. Ama-20222, kanti amaphakathi ama-padmind angaphansi kancane, asaphawula ukujika kwesikhathi sesibili phakathi namashumi eminyaka, okubonisa ukuthi u-2018 u-clovelthi ophawuleka kakhulu lokubaluleka kwalo khetho.

Ukuthatha isinyathelo sovote kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokwezwe nangohlanga. Izwe elibhalisa inombolo eyodwa ngosuku olulodwa, ukuvota okuzenzekelayo, noma ukungavoti ngeposi kuvame ukuba nokuthatha i-patle. Imithetho ye-Voter Id, ukuhlola indawo evalekile, namahora okuvota alinganiselwe angaphambi kwesikhathi kungavimbela ukuvinjelwa, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwemiphakathi yemibala. Ama-Midterm futhi abona inani eliphakeme labavoti abadala, abamhlophe, nabafunde kakhulu elihlobene nomphakathi jikelele, okungaphumela ekuthandeni kwabo ezindabeni ezinjengobuSocial Security, Medicare, nentela.

Ukukhethwa Kwezishaya - mthetho: Indlu NeSigele

Indlu Yabameleli: Wonke Ama - seat Angu - 435 Adlalayo

Kuzo zonke izihlalo eziphakathi nenkathi yokukhetha zihlanganisa zonke ezingu-435 eGay of Messages. Abameleli basebenzisa izigaba ezimbili zeminyaka, ngakho isihlalo ngasinye silungele ukuthathwa. Lokhu kwakha indawo ehlangene nesizwe lapho izindaba zesizwe − njengezezomnotho, ezobukhapheli bempilo, ukufuduka, kanye nokuvunyelwa umongameli ukuba athonywe izinhlanga zendawo ngokunganaki. Ngisho nasezindaweni ezilondekile lapho ummeli wesizwe ehlala khona amashumi eminyaka, ukuguquguquka kwesizwe kungasusa izihlalo ezimbalwa kanye nobukhulu besilinganiso samandla.

Umphumela wale House unquma ukuthi yimaphi umkhakha wesikhulumi futhi silawula uhlelo lwezimemezelo zomthetho. Iqembu elikhulu limisa izihlalo zamakomiti, lihlela amavoti ephansi, futhi linqume ukuthi iziphi izikweletu eziphambili. Ukushintshwa kwezihlalo ezimbalwa nje kungashintsha iNdlu kusuka kumngane obambisanayo kuya kumongameli omelene nomthetho, okuholela ekuthembeleni kumongameli ekubekeni ibhodi lemithetho noma ukuphoqelela ukuba athembele kumavoti kanye neziyalezo zezikhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kwemizuzu engu-2010, amaRepublicans angathola izihlalo ezingu- 63 futhi athathe ukulawulwa, okuphikisa okuningi kukamongameli u-Obama.

ISigele: Ingxenye Ebolile Yemikhumbi Ihlala Njalo Ngemva Kweminyaka Emibili

Izigebengu zisebenzisa amagama ayisithupha eminyaka, ngakho cishe isihlalo esisodwa kweziyi-663 kwezingu-100 esihlalweni esincintiswayo okhethweni ngalunye lwezikhawu. Ngenxa yokuthi iziteshi zeSigele ziyasheshiswa, izihlalo eziqondile zokukhetha zixhomeke ekilasini: Isigaba seI, II, noma III. Ngokwesibonelo, i-20222 phakathi kwenkathi, yaqokomisa izihlalo ze-CRS (kuhlanganise nalezo ezivela ezizweni ezinjenge-Arizona, iGeorgia, ne-Ohio). Ngo-2026, ikilasi ngizoba se-bolot.

Izinhlanga zezigele zithambekele ekudonseleni ukunakekela okukhulu nemali kunemijaho yeNdlu ngoba uhulumeni ngamunye ukhetha abasizi ababili kuphela, ngakho ukucasuka okukodwa kungasusa iningi. Ukuqinisekiswa komahluleli beNkantolo Ephakeme, amajaji kahulumeni, nonobhala bamakhabethe kudinga imvume yesigele. Umholi omkhulu ulawula izimpawu ezithatha izintambo nezikweleti ezifika phansi. Njengoba i-Reliebuster ivumela idlanzalo enkulu ukuba ivimbe umthetho ngaphandle kokuba izimemezeli ezingu-60 zivote ukuqeda impikiswano, izindaba zokuqamba zithathela phambili kakhulu. Izikhathi eziphakathi kwezikhathi eziningi umongameli uyakwazi ukudlulisa umthetho wesimende noma kumelwe axoxe nendlu enobuthano.

Imibuso Nezinhlanga Zendawo: Ohulumeni, Imithetho, Nezilinganiso Zebhola

Izikhulu Nemithetho KaHulumeni

IMidterns ihlanganisa nokhetho lwababusi abangu-36 (ezifunda kakhulu) kanye nezihlalo zesifundazwe eziphezulu. Abalawuli banendima ebalulekile ekuhleleni uhlelo lwemali kahulumeni, ukwengamela imfundo nokuthutha, nokulawula izimo eziphuthumayo zezempilo zomphakathi. Ezizweni eziningi, umbusi angashaya umthetho futhi amise amajaji kahulumeni. Izishaya-mthetho zilawula ukuvikelwa kwe-redifice, okusho iqembu elizuzayo ngemva kwenkathi yonyaka elizodweba i-osivotayo elidwebela amabalazwe alabo abazofunda nabo ngeshumi leminyaka elilandelayo. I-2010 , ngokwesibonelo, i-miphakathi yempilo engcono yempilo yomphakathi, i-Riphabliki i-Riphabliki ivumela iqembu ukuba likwazi ukuthatha izigodi ezifundazweni ezinjengePennsylvania, i-Ohio, ne-Wisconsin, likhiya ngezinzuzo ze-202020.

Imiphumela kahulumeni ingaba futhi yimiphumela yezimiso zesizwe. Iqembu elenza kahle kakhulu emijahweni yombuso ngokuvamile lakha ibhentshi labazohlolwa ngolwazi oluzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zinecala lokulungisa ukumiswa komthetho-sisekelo okuhlongozwayo − indima eyatholwa ngemva kwesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme engu-2022 [[FL:0] Roe v. Wade[, eyasusa impikiswano yokukhishwa kwesisu ebuyela emuva kohulumeni.

Izilinganiso Zebhola Nezinqubo Zokubuyisela Ikhanda

Ngaphezu kwabavoti, amazwe amaningi nezindawo kubekwa izilinganiso ze-bolot phambi kwabavoti phakathi naphakathi. Lokhu kungahlukahluka kusukela ezimisweni zentela nokwenyuka kweholo elilinganiselwe kuya ekutholeni insangu ngokomthetho, amalungelo okuvota, nezimiso zendawo ezungezile. Ngo-2022, abavoti ezifundazweni ezinhlanu bagunyaziwe, ukuvota amabhayisekili okunweba iMedidid, kuyilapho eMichigan, ukunqandwa komthetho-mthetho kudlulisiwe. Izinyathelo zeBallot zivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zidlulise izishaya-mthetho zenkampane futhi zenqabe imithetho ngokuqondile, zenze ama-partment amathuluzi anamandla emisebenzi yemicrootss.

Ngenxa yokuthi ukujika kuphansi futhi kungokonga kakhulu phakathi nenkathi, inani lalabo abavotayo lingayisusa imiphumela yezinyathelo zombheno. Izibalo ezidinga ukuthatha indawo enkulu [1] Njengeziphakamiso ezithile zokukhokha intela zenzakalela endaweni ephansi kakhulu ngisho noma bengawina ngonyaka wobumongameli. Ukuqonda ukudlala phakathi kwezinhlanga zabafundi kanye nezinyathelo zomdlalo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ubukhulu obuphelele bokhetho lwaphakathi.

Inqubo Nemikhankaso Enamandla

Izincwadi Nemibono Evamile

Umjikelezo wokhetho phakathi nenkathi yokuvota uqala ngokhetho oluyinhloko, oluvame ukuqhutshwa phakathi kukaMatshi no-September wonyaka wokhetho. Abameli banquma ukuthi isigaba ngasinye sithatha imvume yokukhetha. Ezizweni eziningi, amapringi ayavuleka,” avumela izizimele noma ngisho namalungu omunye amalungu ukuba avote; kwezinye, “ayavalwa,” avimbela ukuhlanganyela emalungwini abhalisiwe. Imiphumela ingaphoqelela abamele ukudlulisela ezikhundleni ezingaphezulu ekubhebheleni eziselweni ezikhundleni zeqembu, okungase kuwalimaze okhethweni oluvamile oludonsa abavoti abangeni abambalwa.

Ngemva kwezindawo eziphambili, umkhankaso wokukhetha uthatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili, nakuba izinhlanga ezincintisana kakhulu zingabona ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kusukela emjikelezweni ongaphambili. Izinkathi zomongameli ngokuvamile zibona ukunyuka kokusetshenziswa komkhankaso: umjikelezo waphakathi nenkathi engu 2022 ubiza cishe amaR2,000 000 000 000 000, ngokwe i-Federal Evolution Commission [[[[FLLT:1]], iyenza kube ukukhetha okubiza kakhulu okungabalulekile emlandweni.

Imithombo Yezindaba, Ukukhangisa, Nokwaziswa Kwezingoma

Inkampano yokukhangisa phakathi nenkathi iye yadlulela kakhulu emaqophelweni emishini, nakuba ithelevishini isalokhu ikhona ezimakethe zakudala zezindaba. Izikhangiso zokuhlasela nokuthumela imiyalezo okusekelwe ku-(skewing) kuvamile, ngokuvamile kugxile ekukhathazekeni ngokwezomnotho, ekunakekeleni impilo, noma ezindabeni ezingokwesiko njengobugebengu nemfundo. Izembu jikelele ziqeda imiyalezo ehlukanisayo, kanye nemikhankaso yokudukiswa kwamazwe angaphandle nawasekhaya) kuye kwaba isici esiqhubekayo seminyaka ephakathi kusukela ngo-2016.

Abaqondisi bevoter nezinhlangano ezingabambiseki njengeNhlangano yaMasipala neBallopedia zisiza abavoti ukuba baqonde abavoti kanye nezinyathelo zokuvota. Nokho, abavoti abaningi basabika ukudideka ngalokho okusebhokisini le-collet, ikakhulukazi emijahweni ye-Verballobot yabahluleli, amabhodi esikole, kanye namakhomishane esifunda. “Leligebe lokwaziswa” lingacindezela futhi liholele ekukhetheni okungaqondisiwe.

Ithonya Ekubuseni Nasebuholini

I - Gridlock Engokomthetho Ne - bipartisan

Mhlawumbe umphumela oshesha kakhulu wokhetho phakathi nenkathi yokukhetha yithonya labo ekhonweni likamongameli lokubusa. Uma iqembu likamongameli lilahlekelwa ukulawula igumbi elilodwa noma zombili, amasiteji ahlela izitebhisi zomthetho. Umongameli angase aphendukele eziqondisweni zezikhulu nasekumisweni kwesimiso sokulawula ukuze afinyelele izinhloso zenqubo, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile kubekelwe inselele enkantolo futhi kungaphehlwa ngomlandeli. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-Midterter kululaza ukuma kukamongameli phakathi kweqembu labo siqu, ngezinye izikhathi kubangela izinselele eziyinhloko noma ukushukuma komholi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma iqembu likamongameli lithola izihlalo (kanye kungenzeka, njengango-2002 ngemva kuka-9/11), kungachazwa njengokugunyazwa futhi kunikeze umthetho onamandla. Ngisho nalapho umongameli elahlekelwa iSishaya - mthetho, uhulumeni ohlukene ungaveza ukuhlehla kwezici ezinjengezesisekelo, ushintsho lobulungisa, noma izivumelwano zokuhlela izivumelwano zokwenza izivumelwano.

Inkathi ye - “LamĕDuck” Nezingxenye Ezikhethekile

Izikhathi zeMiddy zenzeka ngoNovember, kodwa izikhulu ezisanda kukhethwa azifungelanga kuze kube ngo-Januwari ngonyaka olandelayo. Inkathi phakathi kokhetho noMkhandlu omusha yaziwa ngokuthi isiqephu esikhubazekile. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, amalungu aphumayo kanye neSishaya-Mkhandlu angadlulisa izikweletu ezisele, aqinisekise, noma enze ezinye izinto eziza kuqala ezavinjelwa. Izinqumo ze-Lamândack ziye zasetshenziselwa ukumisa umthetho ophikisanayo ongase ungadluli eMkhandlwini omusha (ngokomzekelo), phakathi nonyaka ka-201010, i-6day, i-cellss yadlulisa i-repeary ka- “Isicelo sika-Don, Don’t Tell."

Imiphumela yaphakathi futhi yabeka iqophelo lokhetho lomongameli olulandelayo. Iqembu elenza kangcono livame ukuzuza amandla: izisebenzi zokuzithandela, abanikelayo, nabafuna ukubhapathizwa, kanye nokulandisa kwezindaba ngokushintshana komongameli ongowobufandala. Ukubonisa okunamandla phakathi nenkathi kungakha ibhentshi leqembu lomjikelezo olandelayo, kuyilapho ukubukisa okubuthakathaka kungaholela ekufuneni idolo noma ekushintsheni inqubo.

Umlando Nemikhuba

Uhlelo lokulahlekelwa phakathi kwenkathi yokuwohloka kwenani likamongameli aluyona into esungulwe namuhla. Ngo-1882, uMongameli u-Arthur’s Republicans walahlekelwa izihlalo ze Hover’s Republicans. Ngokufanayo, uMongameli uHover’s Republicas walahlekelwa i-101066seated ngo-1930 phakathi nokwehla komnotho oMkhulu. Okuwukuphela kwento ehlukile eposini le-prest "%WI(1988 (Presint Clinton) kanye no 2002 (Presidentint Bush) − − Clinton'sccurn phakathi kwezimome ezingavamile: Clinton yalandela impikiswano eyabhektha idemocrial, kanye neyaseBush’ush yavela ngemva kokuhlasela okungu 9 / 11 lapho kuthandwa ubunye ubunye ubunye ubunye besizwe.

Abanye ososayensi bezombangazwe baphikisa ngokuthi isijeziso saphakathi nendawo ngokwengxenye siwukwakhiwa: abavoti abathatha izikhawu bathambekele ekubeni abahluzeli kakhulu futhi bashukunyiswe kakhulu ukuphikiswa umongameli kunakusekelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkolelo-mbono ebizwa ngokuthi “impinda futhi inciphe” isekelana ekhethe umongameli kunzima ukuphindela endaweni ephansi kakhulu. Laba abanamandla baye bahlolwa kakhulu abacwaningi ePew Research Center nasemiphakathini yezemfundo; ukuze bafunde ngokujule, i-PTrew Research Center [[FLT:] PT] uPrew Research Center ikhipha imiklamo eqhubekayo yesimo sokuziphatha sovoti.

Isiphetho: Isizathu Sokuba Kubaluleke Phakathi Kwezikhathi Ezithile

Ukhetho lwe-mistment lungaphezulu kakhulu kunophawu olufudumele lomncintiswano wobumongameli olandelayo. Bakuveza ngokucace kakhulu ukulingana kwegunya eWashington nasezinhloko- dolobha zikahulumeni, bethonya yonke into kusukela emazingeni entela nasendleleni yempilo yokungena emithethweni yokuvota nasemithethweni yendawo ezungezile. Ukuhlanganyela ko Voter, nakuba kungaphansi kakhulu kunaseminyakeni yobumongameli, kuye kwabonisa izimpawu zokukhula, futhi izimpikiswano ezisezigxotsheni azizange zikhanyezwe ngokucace kakhulu. Ukuqonda okwenzeka phakathi kwama-maphakathi nama-$] ama-procanmentaltation, indima yezindawo zokuvota zovota kanye nemali, ithonya ekubusweni kwezindawo ezilawulwayo kanye nemali, okubalulekile kunoma isiphi isakhamuzi esifuna ukwenza izinqumo eziqondiswe eziqondisiwe ezisebhokisini.

Njengoba i-United States iqhubeka ibhekene nezimpikiswano ezihlukene ngentando yeningi, izomnotho, nesimiso somphakathi, ukhetho lwaphakathi nenkathi lulokhu lungenye yamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu ukuze umphakathi ulandise uhulumeni. Inkathi elandelayo ngo-2026 iyonikeza olunye uvivinyo olunzima lokuthi izinhlangano zezombangazwe zesizwe zingasabela yini esivumelweni sabantu futhi ukuthi abavoti abanele bazobonakala yini ukuze kuzwiwe amazwi abo.