Isisekelo Segunya Eliphethe Kuhulumeni WaseMelika

Igatsha eliphethe likahulumeni wase-United States aliyona nje ingalo yokuqondisa kahulumeni. Yinjini eqhuba ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kukahulumeni kahulumeni, iguqulela izinhloso zemithetho yemithetho esemthethweni esenzweni esibonakalayo. Nakuba uMthetho-sisekelo ufaka "igunya eliphethe" kuMongameli oyedwa, ubukhulu balelogunya buyindaba yempikiswano enkulu, ukuchaza, nokwanda phakathi kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka. Kubafundi bakahulumeni, ukuqonda ukufinyelela nemingcele yegunya eliphethe kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela sonke isimiso sokubusa kwe-America esisebenza ngayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola amandla egatsheni eliphethe, sihlola imvelaphi yabo engokomthetho, sihlola ukusebenza kwabo okusebenzayo, futhi sihlola ukuqina okuhlala phakathi kokubusa okuphumelelayo nengozi yokukhomba.

Igatsha eliphethe lingelinye lamagatsha amathathu alinganayo kahulumeni, ahlanganyela amandla negatsha lomthetho (ikhonpha) negatsha lokwahlulela (izinkantolo). Umthetho - sisekelo walo oyinhloko uwukunikeza "iqaphele ukuba iMithetho ifezeke ngokwethembeka. ” Lesi siqondiso esibonakala sicacile, nokho, sivunyiwe ukuthi siphakathi kwamagama anwebeka kakhulu eMthethweni we-Generali. UMongameli usebenza kanye kanye njengenhloko kahulumeni nenhloko kahulumeni. Amandla kaMongameli achazwa eSigabeni II se-U.S. Umthetho-Siphakamiso II, kodwa ulimi lweSiphakathi II alukho neze amandla ahlukanisayo eSiphakathiwe eSiphakathi semithetho I, ushiya ikamelo elibalulekile lokuchaza incazelo kanye nokukhula kwalokho izazi ezikubiza ngokuthi "intent" noma "uprim" imibuso yezikhulu zeze.

Ukwakhiwa Komthetho - sisekelo Kwamandla Anegunya

ISiphakamiso II soMthetho-sisekelo simisa igatsha eliphethe futhi sihlele igunya likaMongameli. Ngokungafani negatsha lomthetho, elithola uhlu oluningiliziwe lwemibuso ethile, isihloko esiphethe sinciphile ngokuqhathaniswa. Izingubo zokuqala zomusho "Umbuso ophethe" kuMongameli, inkulumo eye yachazwa kabanzi ngomongameli abaningi ukuba ihlanganise amandla angaphikiswanga kuwo ngokuqondile nguMthetho-sisekelo. Izazi ezingokomthetho zibhekisela kulokhu ngokuthi "ukwethula isisekelo," futhi iye yaba itshe lezimpikiswano eziqinile, ezihlangene kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika.

Uhlelo lukaMongameli olubala amagunya ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso II luhlanganisa ukukhonza njengoMyaleli-iNkululo weButho ne-Navy, ukunikeza izinkokhelo kanye nokuxolelwa (ngaphandle kwezezimo zokungagunyazi), ukwenza izivumelwano (ngeseluleko nemvume yeSigele), ukumisa amanxusa, amajaji, nezinye izikhulu, kanye nokuhlanganisa i-Constantive Congress ngezikhathi ezingavamile. Lokhu kunikezwa kwamandla kuye kwanezelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngamanxusa e-abaphathi be-athoriccoorn, aye aveza igunya elikhulu le-ocesterat nomphathi we-mouse ukuze asebenzise umthetho futhi agunyaze agunyazwe. Lenhlanganiseni yegunya lomthetho ne-mthetho-ogatiotist yakha isisekelo samandla esimanje.

Umongameli njengoMyali- ngaphakathi-ehef

UMphathi-sikhundla wamandla cishe uyisici esibonakala kakhulu nesinemiphumela yamagunya kaMongameli. Lendima ibeka uMongameli esiqongweni sesimiso sezempi sesizwe, elawula amabutho ahlomile. Abasunguli babehlose ukuba igunya lesizwe ligcine umyalo ophelele kwezempi, isivikelo esinzima ekubekeni ibutho elimiyo liba ithuluzi lobushiqela. UMongameli, njengesikhulu sezempi esikhethiwe, uhlanganisa lesi simiso.

Nokho, amandla oMphathi-iNdlovukazi aye anda ngokuphawulekayo kusukela enkathini yokusungulwa. Abameli baye basebenzisa leligunya ukuba bathumele amabutho empini ngaphandle kwegunya lokubusa langaphambili ezimpini kusukela eMpini yase-Korea kuya ekungeneni ezimpini ezisukela eBalkan, eLibya, nasemikhankasweni eminingi yobuphekula. I-War Powers Resolution ka-1973, idluliswe kuMongameli Richard Nixon's devoto, izama ukuphinde ilwe i-astendion egud commentations profectrion ngokufuna ukuba uMongameli wamazwe azise iSishaya iMikhosi phakathi namahora angu-48 empini elwayo, futhi abeke isilinganiso sobude besikhathi sokuthunyelwa kwemithetho engekho emthethweni (ngesikhathi esingabangu-30 sosuku). Isenzo siye saphikisana kusukela ekusungulweni kwayo, nomongameli uNixon umthetho womthetho.

UMyaleli-uMphathi-iNkulumbuso uhlanganisa nezinqumo eziningi ezisebenzayo phakathi nesikhathi sempi, kuhlanganise nokugunyazwa kwezinkantolo zezempi, ukumiswa kwemithetho yokuthembisana, nokuqondisa ukusebenza kokufihla. Ngemva kwenkathi engu-9/11, ubukhulu baleli gunya buye baba yindaba yempikiswano engokomthetho nengokwezombangazwe, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene negunya likaMongameli lokugunyaza ukuqapha imvume yokuqapha, ukuvimbela izitha zibambe izikhali ngokungenasiphelo, kanye nokuziphatha kokubulala ngokusebenzisa izimoto ze-omfonomouse. INkantolo Ephakeme yakhuluma kaningana kulamacala anjengaye [[FL:]] [FLD] [10] [id].VFOLD [F:1] u-20] kanye no-BExte.[FUT] [200] [FUS]

Amandla Ayingxube Nemingcele Yayo

Amandla ahlobene kakhulu namandla ahlobene kakhulu nawomlando anamandla kaMongameli okunikeza abahlanganyeli ama-priev kanye nokuthethelela amacala kahulumeni. La mandla acishe aphelele, kanye nomthetho-sisekelo olinganiselayo ukuthi awakwazi ukusetshenziswa ezimweni zokungagunyazi. Intethelelo iye yasetshenziswa emongweni wezombangazwe kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika, kusukela ekuxolweni kukaGeorge Washington kwabahlanganyeli eGald Ford's Reart, ekuxolweni kukaRichard Nixon ezimpilweni zempikiswano ezikhishwa ababusi abalandelayo eziphethwe yizimpikiswano zabo. Intethelelo ivumela uMongameli ukuba athathe izigwebo zomthetho, amahlawulo, amahlawulo, nokubuyisela amalungelo omphakathi. Imelela ukuhlola okuyisisekelo egatsheni lokwahlulela, njengendlela yesizwe, njengethuluzi lokubuyisana, ithuluzi eliphawulekayo lempikiswano yesizwe, futhi impikiswano yezombangazwe.

Umongameli Wezindaba Zakwamanye Amazwe

Indima kaMongameli njengomphathi wezwe isekelwe kumalungiselelo amaningana omthetho-sisekelo: amandla okuxoxa, amandla okwamukela amanxusa (okusho amandla okuqaphela ohulumeni bangaphandle), negunya eliqondwayo elivame ukumelela i-United States ezindaweni ze-oms. INkantolo Ephakeme iqaphela njalo ukuthi uMongameli unegunya elikhulu ezindabeni zakwamanye amazwe, ngokuvamile elidlula lokho okubalwe ngokucacile eMthethweni.

Isivumelwano sihlanganyelwa neSigele, okumelwe sinikeze iseluleko saso kanye nemvume ngevoti yama-43 e-Imeric ngaphambi kokuba isivumelwano sivunyelwe. Lemfuneko iye yenza inqubo yesivumelwano inzima futhi yaba yivela kancane kakhulu. Abaholi baye baphendukela kakhulu ezivumelwaneni zezikhulu njengenye indlela, ezibopha izivumelwano zezizwe zonke zesivumelwano zezizwe zonke ngaphandle kwemvume yeSigele. Izivumelwano zokubusa iziphathimandla zezomthetho zaseMelika ziye zaba yithuluzi eliyinhloko lokulawula ukuxhumana kwaseMelika, ukuhlanganisa izindaba ezisukela ekuhwebeni nokulawulwa kwezikhali zisebenzela imvelo. Nakuba uMthetho-Constitution ungagunyazi izivumelwano zezikhulu zezeko, iNkanto ePhakakhulu yasekela ukufaneleka kwazo v.[37] Izivumelwano eziphethe izivumelwano ezilandelanayo, ukuqaphela ukuthi uMongameli ukuphathwa kwegunya elisemthethwe kwamanye amazwe angaphandle kuhlangene zihlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezimiso zezizwe ngezizwe.

Elinye ithuluzi lezokuxhumana elinamandla yigunya lokuqaphela loMongameli. Isenzo sokuqaphela uhulumeni wangaphandle siphethe imiphumela ephawulekayo engokomthetho neyobuzwe, kuhlanganise nokumiswa kobudlelwane obungokomthetho bobumeli, ikhono lokumangalela ezinkantolo zaseMelika, nokuthola impahla nezinto ezise-United States. Amandla okuqaphela aye asetshenziswa ukuze afeze ithonya eliphawulekayo, kusukela kuThomas Jefferson ukuzimisela ukuthenga iLouisiana Territory kuFranklin Rooselt ukushintshisana kwamanxusa neSoviet Union ngo 1933 kuya ekuguquleni ubuhlobo obuvamile neCuba ngo-2015. Omongameli baye basebenzisa futhi abangewona ama-cogn njengethuluzi lenqubo yakwamanye amazwe, benqaba ukuqaphela ohulumeni ababhekwa njengabangathembekile noma abanonyaziswe izithane-Melika.

Ilungelo Eliphethe Neqembu Eliphethe

Enye yezindawo ezilwa kakhulu zamandla abusayo ihlanganisa ukuzisholo kwelungelo lokuphatha, ilungelo eligodlwe likaMongameli lokugoma ukwaziswa koMkhandlu nezinkantolo. Ilungelo alishiwo ngokuqondile eMthethweni kodwa liye lagcizelelwa amongameli kusukela ekusungulweni kwenkathi yokuvikela imfihlo yokuhlola amagatsha aphethe ngaphakathi. INkantolo Ephakeme yaqaphela isisekelo somthetho-mthetho selungelo lokuphatha eMthethweni [[FLT: 0] United States v. [17] [7]), ikholelwa ukuthi ilungelo lisekelwe ekuhlukani kwemibuso nesidingo sokungaguquguquki. Nokho, iNkantolo ikholelwa ukuthi ilungelo alikho ngokuphelele futhi kumelwe lidele ekudingweni okungokomthetho kwenqubo yokwahlulela, ikakhulukazi ezigebekweni.

Ihlobene nelungelo lokubusa isikhulu, esithi wonke amandla aphethe abekwe kuphela kuMongameli nokuthi uMongameli ulawula zonke izikhulu zegatsha eziphethe kanye nezinhlangano. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi le nkolelo ibalulekile ekulandiseni, njengoba abavoti bengabeka umuntu oyedwa onecala lokukhishwa kwemithetho. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi isongela ukuzimela kwezinhlangano ezizimele, ukuphoqelela umthetho, nabadlali abazimele ngokwezesayensi phakathi kwegatsha elikhulu. Inkolelo yenhlangano yezikhulu iye yaba nethonya elikhulu kakhulu enkathini yanamuhla, njengoba ukuvota kungabeka umuntu oyedwa onecala lokukhishwa kwemithetho. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi kusongela ukuzimela kwezinhlangano ezizimele njenge-Federal Reservation ne-Sédual Exernal ne-Exmen.

Umholi Ongokomthetho: UMongameli Nomhlangano

UMthetho-sisekelo wenza uMongameli abe nengxenye enqubweni yokushaya umthetho nge-veto ngokomthetho, i- State of the Union, kanye negunya lokuhlanganisa iziKhongolo. Umbuso we-veto uphakathi kwamathuluzi omthetho abaluleke kakhulu akhona kuMongameli. Uma uMongameli enikeza umthetho kuMongameli, uMongameli unezinsuku eziyishumi (izinsuku ezingaphandle kwe-"schtina) ukuwusayina emthethweni, ukuwubuyisela futhi uwubuyisele eSishayaneni ngokuphikisa, noma ukuwuvumela ukuba ube umthetho ngaphandle kosayina. Uma uMongameli u-chule, uMkhandlu ungawukhipha ngevoti amabili-ntathu egumbini ngalinye. Lemfuneko enkulu yenza ukuba iwukhiphe ngokungavamile; kusukela ekusunguleni, umongameli uye waze wathatha izikwele ezingu-2500 kuphela, futhi u-1500.

UMongameli futhi usebenzisa ithonya lomthetho ngamandla okutusa. UMthetho-sisekelo ufuna ukuba uMongameli anikeze uKhomishane Ulwazi lwe-Congress of the State of the Union ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi atuse ukuba bacabangele izilinganiso ezinjalo njengoba ezokwahlulela ngokudingekile nangokufanelekile. Leli lungiselelo liye lashintshela ekhelini likaZweni le-Union, isenzakalo esikhulu sezombangazwe lapho uMongameli emisa khona uhlelo lwezishaya - mthetho.

Izitatimende zokusayina ziye zavela njengethuluzi eliphikisanayo lethonya lomongameli ekubekeni umthetho. Lapho kusayiniwa umthetho umthetho, ngezinye izikhathi omongameli baye bakhipha izimemezelo ezingokomthetho ezibonisa ukuthi bahlongoza ukuchaza amalungiselelo athile ngendlela ethile noma ukuthi bacabangela amalungiselelo athile angagunyazi futhi ngeke awabophe. Nakuba izimemezelo zokusayina ziye zasetshenziswa ngendlela ethile kusukela empucukweni yokuqala, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwande ngokuphawulekayo esikhathini sanamuhla. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuthi ukusayina kwamazwi kuyinqubo engokomthetho yegunya likaMongameli lokuchaza i-ascirentia kanye nethuluzi elidingekayo lokuvikela amagunya e-amandla. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi zisetshenziswa ngokweminye i-propatialtitual ekhona, zivumela uMongameli ukuba asebenzise ngokunempumelelo izinhlelo ze-projectal produtting ngaphandle kwenqubo ye-real Realpeal.

Iziqondiso Zokuba Umongameli Neziqondiso

Iziqondiso zabaqondisi ziphakathi kwamathuluzi abonakalayo kakhulu nanamandla kakhulu esenzo sobumongameli obungamele. Umyalo ophethe uvela kuMongameli olawula ukusebenza kukahulumeni. Nakuba iziyalezo eziphethe zinamandla ezinhlangano zegatsha eziphethe, azizona izibopho ezintsha ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho eziqenjini zomuntu siqu. Igunya likaMongameli lokukhipha iziyalezo zobuphathi, imithetho emiswa yi-Congress, kanye namandla efa lehhovisi.

Iziqondiso zezikhulu ziye zasetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene njengokumisa i-Emancipation Proclation (ekhulula izigqila esabelweni esihlangene), ukwenza i-Evironmental Protection Agency ngokuhlela kabusha uhlelo, usebenzise isimiso sokuthutha, nokunikeza izijeziso zezomnotho kohulumeni bangaphandle. Iziqondiso eziphethe zingaphansi kokubukezwa kokwahlulela futhi zingabhuntsha uma zidlula igunya lomthetho-msekeli noma lomthetho-mthetho. Zingathathelwa indawo umthetho olandelayo noma umongameli wesikhathi esizayo, ongaxosha noma alungise iziyalezo zomphathi ophambili ngokushaya ipeni.

Ukusetshenziswa kweziqondiso kuye kwakhula kakhulu lapho uMongameli ebhekene neSishaya-Mkhandlu esilawulwa yiqembu eliphikisayo. Ezikhathini zikahulumeni ohlukene, omongameli baye baphendukela ekuthatheni izinyathelo zokubusa njengendlela yokuthuthukisa izinhloso ezingenakufinyelela ukuvunyelwa kwemithetho. Lokhu kuholele ekumangalelweni kokuphamba kwezikhulu nakulokho ezinye izazi ezikubiza ngokuthi "indida yamandla yokubulala": inguquko ehlukene kakhulu neqinisiwe yesimiso sezombangazwe, amandla engeziwe ageleza egalele egatsheni eliphethe, ukuqhubekela phambili kokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa i-transkinglet.

IKhabhinethi Nombuso Wesifunda Onwebekayo

IKhabhinethi yakhiwa abaholi beminyango ephethe, ngamunye onesihloko sikaNobhala (ngaphandle kwe-Attorney General). IKhabhinethi isebenza njengendikimba elungisayo kuMongameli, kodwa indima yayo iye yasuka eqenjini elincane eliseduze lezisebenzi eziphetheyo elihlangene nenhlangano yezinhlangano zezikhulu zezikhulu eziyishumi nanhlanu kanye nezinhlangano eziningi ezizimele. Iminyango ihlanganisa iZwe, i-Cal, i-Defensence, i-Privertial, i-zarm, i-Arcement, i-Arecity, i-Arce, i-Arce, i-Horiversel, i-Areast, i-Urbacter, i-Ezest, i-Endrozation, i-Ezesportation, i-Vters Affserters, ne-Hoverland.

Umnyango ngamunye uyinhlangano enkulu ephethe isigaba sawo sangaphakathi, isiko, kanye nezombangazwe. Abaholi beminyango bamiswa nguMongameli futhi baqinisekiswa yiSigele. Bakhonza ngokujabulisayo kuMongameli futhi bangasuswa ngaphandle kwesizathu, amandla iNkantolo Ephakeme eye yawaqinisekisa ngokungaguquki njengebalulekile egunyeni lomthetho-sisekelo likaMongameli. Abaholi bamaMbosheli bamiswa yi-United States v.[FLT] [1926], iNkantolo ikholelwa ukuthi uMongameli ususa amandla aphelele phezu kwezikhulu zegatsha. Nokho, izinqumo ezilandelayo ziye zaqaphela imingcele egunyaniswe yizikhulu ezizimele eziye zasebenzela izinhlangano ezizimele uHulumente eziye zadenti eziye zavala ngokuqondile ekulawuleni umongameli.

Isimiso sombuso sakhula kakhulu kusukela ekusungulweni, kusukela ezisebenzini ezingamakhulu ambalwa ezingaphansi kukaGeorge Washington kuya kwabasebenzi abangabuthiwe abangabuthonye abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili namuhla. Lokhu kukhula kuye kwabangelwa ukukhula kwemithwalo yemfanelo kahulumeni kanye nobunzima obengeziwe bokubusa kwanamuhla. Isimiso sokulawula sivame ukugxekwa njengokungalawuleki, okungachazeki, futhi okumelana nesiqondiso sobumongameli, okuholela emizamweni ephindaphindiwe yokulungisa nokuhlela kabusha. Umbango phakathi kwabaphathi bezombangazwe abafuna ukusebenzisa izinqubo zikaMongameli nezisebenzi zomphakathi ezisebenzayo ezinobungcweti bezempathi yezempathi yezempathi yeze ne-othory ye-otholistry uyisicilogul yegatsha eliphethe.

Amasheke Nokulinganisela Okusetshenziswayo

Isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela siqinisekisa ukuthi amandla aphethe awekho ngokuphelele. UKhongolo luphethe amandla esikhwama, amandla okuqinisekisa ukumiswa, namandla okususa iziphakamiso. Indima yeSigele ekuqinisekiseni ukumiswa komongameli iyisici esibaluleke kakhulu. Inqubo yokuqinisekisa idinga ama-mine ukuba aqhubeke ehlolwa umphakathi, anikeze ukubuza abasizi, futhi ahlanganise iningi lamavoti eNdlwini. Lenqubo iye yaba yimpikiswa kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva, kanti abanye abakhomi babhekene nokulibala okuqhubekayo futhi balahlwa ngokuqondile.

UKhomishane futhi uqondisa igatsha eliphethe ngokulalela, ngokuhlola, nangokuhlola, nangokunikeza ubufakazi. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaqaphela ngokungaguquguquki igunya lombuso lokuhlola njengegunya elidingekile emsebenzini womthetho. Ukuphathwa kwe-Congress kudalule ukungcola, ukukhwabanisa, nokuxhaphaza ezimisweni zegatsha eziphethe futhi iye yaba yinhlolo egxekayo ngamandla okuphathwa kweziphathimandla. Igunya lokungagunyazi lokunikeza imvume yokugcina: Indlu ingayigomela uMongameli, uMongameli, izikhulu zesizwe ze "Treary, iSifumbathiso, noma ezinye izigebengu eziphakeme, noma ama-Misdears," futhi iphethe ikomiti yokuqulwa kwecala nokukhishwa kwecala nokususwa kwesikhulu ehhovisi.

Igatsha lokwahlulela lihlola amandla okuqondisa ngamandla okwahlulela, igunya lokumemezela izenzo zezikhulu ngaphandle komthetho noma ngokuphambene nomthetho. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yasebenzisa leli gunya kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika, ihlasela izenzo zezikhulu ezisukela kuMongameli Truman ukuthunjwa kwezinsimbi phakathi neMpi yaseKorea ([] Abasha abasha abakhankapheli be-Step & Tube Co. v. sayer[[FLTLM]]], 1952) kuMongameli uvikeli wezohambo (empela iNkantolo isekela inguquko ebukeziwe [[FLT] v[FLD], 2018]. Izinkantolo zombuso zibukeza izimiso ezingokomthetho zegatsha nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlangano zegatsha ziphethe izinhlangano zezezeze.

Ukuziphendukela Kwamandla Anegunya

Igunya eliphethe liye lavela ngokuphawulekayo phakathi komlando waseMelika. Inkathi yokusungula yabonwa isikhulu esilinganiselwe, noGeorge Washington emisa izenzakalo ezibalulekile zokuhlola nokuzibamba. Ikhulu leshumi elinesine leminyaka labona ukukhula okuphawulekayo kwamandla eziphathimandla phakathi nokuphathwa kukaThomas Jefferson (iLouisiana Purchase), uAndrew Jackson (ukusetshenziswa kwe-veto nempango), kanye no-Abraham Lincoln (ukusetshenziswa kwe-habeas corpus kanye ne-Emancipparation Proclametion). Ikhulu lama-makumi amabili leminyaka labona ukwanda okuphawulekayo ngisho nokunyuka kwezwezwe eUnited States njengesimiso sokulawula, ukukhula kwezwe lonke, nokufunwa kwempi.

I-New Deal ne-World War II yaphawula ushintsho olubalulekile, noFranklin Roosevelt esebenzisa igunya elingenakulinganiswa kwezomnotho nakwezempi wesizwe. Inkathi yangemva kwempi yabona ukuhlanganiswa kwezwe lokhuseleko nokwanda kwe-presidente. Umongameli wanamuhla uphawulwa yizisebenzi ezinkulu zendlu yabamhlophe, ithuluzi lesizwe eliphambili, kanye ne-gaumenti enkulu kahulumeni. Lokhu kukhula kwesikhundla sokuphatha kuye kwahambisana nezimpikiswano eziphikelelayo ngemingcele efanelekile yegunya lesikhulu, kanye nobukhulu bababusi bamahlelo womabili amaqembu baveza ukugabadelela okukhulu kombuso kuyilapho begxeka ukuhlazisa kwabanduleli bawo.

Isiphetho

Igunya legatsha eliphethe libalulekile kokubili ekubuseni okuphumelelayo nasekubangeleni ukucindezeleka komthetho-mthetho kungapheli. Amandla kaMongameli njengoMyaleli-in-Chief, umphathi omkhulu wezomthetho, umholi wezomthetho, nomphathi omkhulu unikeza amathuluzi adingekayo ukuze kuxazululwe izinselele ezinkulu kakhulu zezwe, kusukela ekulondekeni kwezwe kuya ezinkingeni eziphuthumayo zezomnotho kuya ezinsongweni zempilo yomphakathi. Nokho la mandla afanayo adala izingozi zokukhohlakala, ukuxhashazwa, nokukhushulwa kwentando yeningi. Isimiso sokuhlola nezilinganiso sinikeza isivikelo esibucayi, kodwa ukuphumelela kwaso kuxhomeke ekuzimiseleni kwemithetho yeBhunganiso nezinkantolo ukuze kuqinise amalungelo awo okungoko kanye nokuqapha kweminyango.

Ukuqonda amandla aphethe kubalulekile kubafundi bakahulumeni ngoba kukhanyisa amandla ayisisekelo okubusa komthetho-sisekelo waseMelika. Igatsha eliphethe aliyona nje inhlangano yokuqondisa; liyikhosha lobuholi bezombangazwe, ukwenza izinqumo zesizwe, nokusebenzisa igunya lokubambisana. UMthetho-sisekelo udala isikhulu esinamandla kodwa izikhonzi ezilawulayo ezivimbela ukukhathalela okujulile koMsunguli ngegunya. Umlando wegatsha eliphethe uyindaba yemibandela eqhubekayo phakathi kwesidingo sikahulumeni ophumelelayo nezimiso zomthetho-sisekelo olinganiselwe, nomthetho-gractive, namandla okulandisa.