Indima Ebalulekile Yemininingwane Yokubala Ezinhlanganweni Eziphuthumayo

Izinkonzo eziphuthumayo zikhona ukuze zivikele ukuphila nempahla phakathi nezinhlekelele, kusukela ezinhlekeleleni ezingokwemvelo nasemikhubeni ewumshayabhuqe kuya ezingozini nasezenzweni zobuphekula. Ukuphumelela kwalezi zinkonzo kuxhomeke ekulungiseleleni kahle, okuxhomeke ekuqondeni ngokuningiliziwe kwezindawo ezikhonzayo. Ukwaziswa kokuhlola kunikeza isisekelo somphakathi kanye nokuhlakanipha kwezwe okusetshenziswa abahleli besimo esiphuthumayo ekunikeni imithombo yemali, izindlela zokukhipha izimoto, inqwaba yokuzithenga, nezisebenzi zesitimela. Ngaphandle kokunemba okuqondile, ngisho nesimiso sokusabela esiphuthuma esinenzuzo kakhulu kungahluleka uma kuhlolwa.

Izinhlangano zezokuqondisa isimo esiphuthumayo zanamuhla ezisezindaweni zendawo, esifundazweni, nasesifundazweni zithembele ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zemithombo yemininingwane. Phakathi kwalezi, ukubalwa kwabantu okungahlali ndawonye kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlobene nakho okunjenge-American Community Survey (ACS) inikeza umfanekiso obanzi kakhulu wenani labantu. Le mininingwane ithonya yonke into kusukela endaweni yeziteshi zomlilo kuya enanini lama-ambulense adingeka endaweni ethile, futhi kusukela ezindaweni zomphakathi ezikhoselayo kuya emazingeni aphakathi e-Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuhlobana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwemininingwane yemininingwane yemininingwane yezehlakalo, ukuhlelwa kokwaziswa, ukuhlolwa, nokusetshenziswa kokwakha imiphakathi eqinile.

Ukuqonda Ukwaziswa Kwezibalo: Ngaphandle Kwalokho Okungalindelekile

Igama elithi “imininingwane” lihlanganisa okungaphezu kwengqikithi yabantu abahlala esifundeni. Ukubalwa kwabantu kwanamuhla kuqoqa ukwaziswa ngeminyaka yobudala, ubulili, uhlanga, inzuzo, iholo, imfundo, izici zezindlu, nokuhamba kwezwe. E-United States, i-Bureau Rescations iqhuba ukubala kwabantu ngeminyaka eyishumi futhi iveze izilinganiso ezivamile ze-ACS ezisekelwe esekelweni saminyaka yonke. Lemitholakelelo yemisebenzi yasekhaya, imfundo, imisebenzi, izici zezindawo zokuhlala, nokuhamba kwezwe. E-United States, i-U.S Bureabhuration Bureaunication iqhuba ukubalwa kwabantu ngeminyaka eyishumi futhi iveza izilinganiso ezivamile zaminyaka yonke. Lemiya mininingwane ikhona futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ngezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu abahleli besimo esiphuthumayo, abacwaningi, nababenzi bezimiso bemithetho.

Izinguquko Ezingokwesihluthulelo Zokuhlela Ngokuphuthumayo

Abahleli bezinhlelo eziphuthumayo bagxila ezimweni eziningana ezihlukene ezibangelwa ukwaziswa kokubala okuthinta ngokuqondile amakhono okusabela:

  • Ukuphakama komsindo nokwehla kwenani: izindawo zasemadolobheni zidinga amasu ahlukene okusabela kunezindawo zasemaphandleni ezinabantu abambalwa. Ukuphakama komphakathi kwandisa ingozi yokudluliselwa okusheshayo kwezifo, kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukuthutha, futhi kugxilisa isidingo sezinkonzo eziphuthumayo.
  • Isakhiwo se- Age: imiphakathi enesilinganiso esikhulu sezakhamuzi esezikhulile noma izingane ezincane idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezokwelapha, ijubane lokuthutha elithatha kancane, nezinkonzo ezengeziwe zokusekela. Asebekhulile basengozini kakhulu phakathi nama-itwave, imiqedazwe, namandla.
  • Isimo sezezomnotho: izindawo ezithola imali ephansi ngokuvamile zinezimoto ezimbalwa, incane kakhulu indlela yokuthola ukunakekelwa kwempilo, nezindawo zokuhlala ezindala ezisengozini kakhulu yokulimala. Ukwaziswa kokwanda kwemali eholwayo, amazinga obumpofu, kanye nabahleli abanezisulu ezikholekayo ezizalela kakhulu.
  • uhlobo oluhambayo kanye nohambo: amakhaya ahambayo, izakhiwo zokuhlala eziphezulu ezisemuva, namakhaya omkhaya owodwa ngalinye elinezingozi eziyingqayizivele phakathi nezinhlekelele. Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano zingaba nokusabela okucothayo kokulungisa, futhi izakhiwo zemikhaya eminingi zidinga ukucinezelwa nokuhlelwa kokukhishwa komlilo.
  • Ulimi nokukhubazeka: Izihlolo zokuhlola ukulinganiselwa kwenani zithatha ukwaziswa ngezilimi ezikhulunywa ekhaya nokwanda kokukhubazeka njengokuzwa, ukubona, noma ukunyakaza. Lo kwaziswa kwenza kukwazi ukusungulwa kwezimiso zesixwayiso ezifinyelelekayo, imikhankaso yokwaziswa komphakathi okhuluma ngezilimi eziningi, kanye nezidingo ezikhethekile zokubhalisa.
  • Izindlela zokuhlola: Ukugeleza kwabantu phakathi kwekhaya nomsebenzi kusho ukuthi imiphakathi yemiphakathi emini emini ezindaweni zamabhizinisi ingaba mikhulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziningi kunezakhamuzi ezihlalayo. Abahleli abaphuthumayo basebenzisa ulwazi lokuhlola uhambo oluya emsebenzini ukuze balinganise inani labantu endaweni ngezikhathi ezihlukene zosuku, okunzima ngezenzakalo ezinjengezezimboni ezenzeka phakathi nehora eliphuthumayo.

Indlela Imininingwane Yokubala Ezishintsha Ngayo Izinkonzo Eziphuthumayo

Izinkonzo eziphuthumayo zihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi ehlukahlukene, futhi ukwaziswa kokubala abantu kuthinta ngayinye ngezindlela ezihlukene.

Izinkonzo Zomlilo: Indawo Yokumisa Nokuhlinza

Iminyango yomlilo isebenzisa ukwaziswa kokubala ukuze kubonwe izindawo ezifanele zezikhungo zomlilo, inani lezisebenzi zokucima umlilo ezidingekayo, nezinhlobo zemishini edingekayo. Izindinganiso ezimiswe yi-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) zitusa ukuba kutholakale iziteshi zomlilo zokuqala ukuze inkampani yenjini ifike ngemizuzu emine imemeza emadolobheni nasemizuzu emine esemaphandleni. Abahleli basebenzisa inani labantu nezokuxhumana emgwaqweni ukuveza izithuba zokuphendula. Imininingwane yokwakhiwa kohlobo, uhlobo, izakhiwo isiza ukubikezela ingozi yomlilo. Ngokwesibonelo, imiphakathi enezakhiwo ezinde kakhulu idinga ukuvinjelwa komlilo okunzima nokugeleza okukhulu komlilo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwaziswa okukhuthaza ukubala kwabantu kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kusiza iminyango yomlilo ukuba ilungise imizamo yemfundo yomphakathi. Izindawo ezingenisa imali ephansi ngokuvamile zinamazinga aphakeme okufa ngenxa yokungashi, ngenxa yokungakhi kwemisebe yentuthu, imisebenzi yokufudumeza igesi eyingozi, kanye nezindlu eziminyene. Izinhlelo zokufakwa kwemishini yokukhipha intuthu nezicisha - mlilo zixhomeke ekwazini ukuthi le miphakathi ihlalaphi.

Izinkonzo Zezokwelapha Eziphuthumayo (EMS): Imithombo yezindawo ezidinga i - Altaving

Ukuhlelwa kwe-EMS kuxhomeke kakhulu ekwazini ukubala ukuze kubikezelwe imiqulu, ukunquma ukuthunyelwa kwe-ambulense, nokuhlelwa kwezenzakalo ezikhubazekayo. Inkathi ingenye yezibikezelo ezinamandla kakhulu zezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha: abantu asebekhulile basebenzisa i-EMS ngamazinga aphindwe kabili kuya kwamathathu kunabantu abadala. Abahleli basebenzisa ukwaziswa okuqokonyiswayo okulinganisela inani labasebenza ezimotweni nabe-ambulensi ezidingekayo kumuntu ngamunye. Iziqondiso ze-Inqumbi ye-Hearts Association ye-Out - Hopstiac tadiac ukusabela komphakathi futhi zihlanganisa ukukhuliswa kwe-injini ephakathi kwabantu abadala abakhulile.

Ukwaziswa kokwanda kwezifo ezingapheli akuqoqwa ngokuqondile, kodwa isimo sezenhlalo nezezomnotho nezimo zezindlu zingamaphepha okuvota aqinile. Izindawo ezinezinga eliphakeme lobumpofu nemfundo ephansi zivame ukuba namanani aphakeme esifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, nesifuba somoya, konke okukhulisa isidingo se-EMS. Abafaki banganqamula amapheshana ababalwayo athathelwe indawo esibhedlela befaka ukwaziswa okubikezela ukuthi izimpawu zezidingo ze-ambulense zikhona.

Ukuphoqelelwa Komthetho: Ukuvinjelwa Kobugebengu Nokusabela

Nakuba kungesona isehlakalo esiphuthumayo, ukugcinwa komthetho kuyisici esibucayi sokusabela okuphuthumayo phakathi nesiyaluyalu somphakathi, ukuhlasela kwamaphekula, nokuthutha okukhulu. Ukuhlolwa kokwaziswa kusiza iminyango yamaphoyisa ukuba abeke amaphoyisa anqamule ngokusekelwe ekusakazweni kwenani labantu, ukushintshwa kwenani labantu, nokubiza imiklamo yevolution. Ihhovisi le-ofisi le- Justice’s Community Policing Service (COPS) lisebenzisa ukwaziswa kokubala abantu ukuze libone ukuthi izinhlangano ezizozuza inzuzo yombuso noma ezobuchwepheshe.

Phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo ezidinga ukulawulwa kwesixuku noma ukugcinwa kwesikhathi, ukwazi inani labantu bezindawo zezentengiselwano emini kuya emsebenzini kubalulekile. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kohambo kuya ekusebenzeni kwembula ukuthi izindawo eziningi zasedolobheni zinezakhamuzi ezihlala abantu abaphansi kodwa izinombolo ezinkulu zabahambi bansuku zonke, okusho ukuthi amasu okuthutha kumelwe abangele ukwanda kwesikhashana kwabantu.

Ukulungiselelwa Kwenhlekelele Nokusabela

Esigabeni sezinhlangano zokuqondisa isimo esiphuthumayo, ukwaziswa kuwumsuka wamasu ayingozi ezinhleloni zokulinganisela ukuthutha, ukulingisa, nokubala indawo yokuhlala. Olunye uhlelo lokusebenza oluningiliziwe lukubaphathi bezesimo esiphuthumayo . I-FEMA isebenzisa ukwaziswa kokubalwa kwabantu okunezindawo ezisitebhulo-mgodi kanye nezingozi zamabalazwe ukuze ilinganisele inani labantu abazodingeka baphume phakathi nesenzakalo esizamcoloza weminyaka eyikhulu. Lokhu kwaziswa kuqondisa indawo yezikhungo eziphuthumayo, ukugcinwa kwezinqola zamanzi aphezulu, kanye neqembu elisizayo elisheshayo.

Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVOID-19, iCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) yathembela ekwazisweni kokubala ukuze ibone imiphakathi esengozini enkulu yemiphumela enzima. I-copulational Vulnerability Index (SVI), eyasungulwa yiCDC esebenzisa i-ACS, ihlela ukubala ngezici ezinjengobumpofu, ukuntuleka kwezimoto, nezindlu eziminyene. Iminyango yezempilo yomphakathi yasebenzisa i-SVI ukuthuthukisa ukusakazwa komjovolo, ukuhlola izindawo, nemikhankanti yokuqapha. Isibhedlela sasebenzisa ukwaziswa ukuze kukhiqiniswe umbhede we-ICU, kudinga izimfuneko zezisebenzi.

Izibonelo Zezwe Langempela Nezifundo Zecala

Ucwaningo lwezinhlekelele zamuva lubonisa amandla nokulinganiselwa kokwaziswa okuphathelene nabantu.

ISiphepho uKatrina (2005)

Mhlawumbe isibonelo esidume kakhulu sokuhluleka kokuhlela okuphuthumayo senzeka lapho iSiphepho uKatrina sihlasela iNew Orleans. Ukuhlola kwe-Post-diaster kwembula ukuthi ukwaziswa okuphathelene nabantu kwakubonise ngokunembile ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi yayingenazo izimoto zomuntu siqu cishe amaphesenti angu- 27 emizi eNew Orleans ayengenayo imoto. Naphezu kwalokhu, amasu okuphuma ayecabanga ukuthi ayazibalekela. Umphumela waba yinhlekelele enhlalakahleni lapho izinkulungwane zabantu zazingasasebenzi. Ngemva kwalokho u-FEMA walungisa iziqondiso zokukhishwa kwemoto ukuze kudingiswe ukutholakala kwezimoto, ubumpofu, nokukhubazeka.

Imlilo eCalifornia (2017 - 2020)

Phakathi neMililo yeMililo eshayo yaseNyakatho California, njengeTubs Fire ne-Kampa Fire, izinkonzo zezimo eziphuthumayo zabhekana nezinselele ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi ezinemigwaqo emincane nezindlela zokuhamba ngezinyawo ezilinganiselwe. Abahleli basebenzisa ukwaziswa kokubala abantu ngezindlela eziphakeme abantu asebekhulile kanye nemikhaya engenazimoto. Kwezinye izindawo, ukugcinwa kwemithetho yokuphepha kwathuthukiswa ngokuphakanyiswa kwezimpawu zezilimi ezisekelwe ekulandiseni izilimi ezikhulunywa ekhaya. Imizamo yokuzivuselela ngomlilo yasebenzisa ukwaziswa okuvimbela ukubala abantu ukubala ukuze kutholakale imali esekelwe ezingeni lemali eliphansi elisekelwe emalini nasemonakalweni yezindlu.

ICOVOID-19 Pandemic (2020-2023)

Lo bhadane lwabonisa indlela ukwaziswa okubaluleke ngayo ekuhleleni impilo ephuthumayo. I-CDC yasetshenziswa ezweni lonke ukuze ibone imiphakathi lapho izici zezenhlalo nezokwakha zabangela ingozi ye-COVOID-19. Ngokwesibonelo, amapheshana okubala anezilinganiso eziphakeme zezisebenzi ezibalulekile emsebenzini wokudla noma ezokunakekela impilo abhekana namazinga aphakeme. Imikhankaso yokuhlola impilo yathunyelwa emitholampilo yamasondo kulezindawo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izibhedlela zasebenzisa ukwaziswa kokubala abantu ekukhandleni imithwalo esikhathini esizayo futhi zikhomba ama-PPILAIACS kanye nama-PPE. Izwe elalintula ulwazi olunemali olunenzuzo engcono kakhulu ngemiphakathi kwemiphakathi emincane ngezinye izikhathi ezilwayo izama ukuhlasela imithombo yemali.

Izinselele Nokulinganiselwa Kokwaziswa Kokubala

Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi, ukwaziswa kokubala abantu akuphelele.

Ukugcina Isikhathi Nokuphindaphinda

Ubalo lweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu luthathwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi. Emiphakathini eminingi, izici zomphakathi zingashintsha kakhulu phakathi naleyo nkathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikhula ngokushesha noma ezinciphayo. I-ACS inikeza izilinganiso zaminyaka yonke, kodwa ezindaweni ezincane zendawo (amapheshana amahlanu) izibalo zeminyaka emihlanu zithatha isikhathi esifinyelela eminyakeni emihlanu. Ukusungulwa kwezindlu ezintsha noma ukuvalwa kwefektri kungashintsha inani lamanani lamanani anele okwenza isilinganiso esidala esingathembeki. Amapulani aphuthumayo adinga ukwaziswa kokubalwa kwabantu okunezelwe ngemithombo yamanje enjengaleyo yesakhiwo, ukuthunyelwa kwesikole, ukuhlanganiswa kwezenhlalakahle nokuxhumana kosizo.

Ukubala Inani Labantu Elinzima Kumuntu Ngamunye

Amanye amaqembu adume kakhulu ngokubalwa kwabantu, kuhlanganise nabantu abangenamakhaya, abafuduki abangabhaliwe, abadabuko abahlala emadolobheni, nabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu.

Ukucindezelwa Kwezindaba Zomuntu Siqu Nokucindezelwa Kwemininingwane

I-Census Bureau ithatha isikhathi sokuba wedwa njengesibalulekile, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokusebenzisa imininingwane ehlukile ngo-2020. Ukuvikela abantu, ukwaziswa okungasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezincane kakhulu (izitini noma amabhuloho) kungacishwa noma kuphazamiseke. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuhlela izindawo ezithile. Abaphathi bemopane bavame ukufihla imininingwane ye-geographial enkulu, engase ifihle imininingwane yendawo.

Inani Labantu Abaphila Ngenkathi Ehlukile Nezinsuku

Ukwaziswa kokubala lapho abantu behlala khona, hhayi ngempela ukuthi bahlalaphi phakathi nosuku noma phakathi nezenzakalo ezikhethekile. Amadolobha amakhulu anjenge New York noma iWashington, D.C., anabantu emini abaphindwe kabili kuya kwezintathu abantu abahlala khona ngenxa yokuhamba nge-mdlandla. Inhlekelele eyenzeka nge-2 PM ingadinga ukubaleka kwabantu abaningi kakhulu kunaleyo esikisela ukubalwa abantu abahlala khona. Abaklami basebenzisa uhambo oluya emsebenzini kanye nocingo ukulinganisela imiphakathi emini, kodwa lezizindlela azikalinganiswa.

Ukuthambekela Kwesikhathi Esizayo: Ukwaziswa Okufudukayo Kwezibalo Ngezobuchwepheshe Banamuhla

Ubuhlobo phakathi kokwaziswa kokubala nezinkonzo zezimo eziphuthumayo buyashintsha njengoba kuvela imithombo emisha yokwaziswa namathuluzi okubala.

Imininingwane yenani labantu yangempela

Imininingwane yendawo yocingo evela kubaphathi bezithuthi kanye nezinhlelo ezifana ne-Google Mapu okanye i-Apple Mobilelity inganikeza izilinganiso ezicishe zibe khona zasikhathi sinye mayelana nokuthi abantu bahlala kuphi nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Lo “kwaziswa okusheshayo” kungabekwa ngenani labantu abakhona ukuze kwakhiwe isithombe esicebile phakathi nosizi oluphuthumayo. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nokuwa kwama-2021 aseSurdominium eFlorida, izikhulu zasebenzisa izilinganiso zocingo ukulinganisela inani labantu ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo ngesikhathi sokuwa, zinezela ukwaziswa kokubala kwabantu ngezakhamuzi.

Ukuhlakanipha Okuklanyweyo Nokulingisa

Imithetho-mithetho yokufunda imishini ingahlanganisa imininingwane yokubala kanye nezibikezelo zezulu, ukwakha ukwaziswa okubhaliwe, kanye namalogi angokomlando ukuze kubikezelwe ukuthi izingcingo eziphuthumayo zingenzeka kuphi. Eminye iminyango yomlilo isisebenzisa izimpawu zangaphambi kokuba kubekwe amaqembu ezindaweni eziphezulu phakathi nezenzakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Lezi zimo ze-algoric zixhomeke ekuqeqesheni ukwaziswa okuhlanganisa ukuguquguquka kokubala njengokuhlala, inani labantu, kanye nemali eholweni.

Izinqubo Ezingcono Zokuxhumana

Imizamo efana ne-U.S. ye-Humend Security of Homeland Security’s Public Alert and Insping System ithuthukisa indlela ukwaziswa okusetshenziswa ngayo ekuqapheni abantu okubhekene nengozi. Ngokuxhumanisa izimiso zokuqapha eziqondene nokubala, iziphathimandla zingathumela izixwayiso ezingenantambo kuphela emibhoshongweni yamangqamuzana enikeza amapheshana athile okubala. Lokhu kuvumela ukuba indawo ixwayiswe ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokushaqisa yonke indawo.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Kwabahlelekile Abaphuthumayo

Ukuze bandise ukubaluleka kokwaziswa kokubala, abahleli bezikhathi eziphuthumayo kufanele bamukele le mikhuba elandelayo:

  • Sebenzisa imithombo eminingi: ungalokothi uthembele kuphela kwiqoqo elilodwa lokwaziswa kokubala. Ukuhlanganisa i-data ethatha isikhathi eside ne-ACS, amarekhodi kahulumeni wendawo, imininingwane yomnyango wezempilo, kanye nokuhlolwa komphakathi.
  • Vuselela njalo: Ukucabangela izibalo zokuzalana kwabantu okungenani ngonyaka. Uma kwenzeka izinguquko ezinkulu (umz., intuthuko enkulu yezindlu, ukuvalwa kwezitshalo), phinda ubale izidingo zemithombo.
  • Abangane bomphakathi: basebenza ngenzuzo yendawo, imiphakathi yokholo, nezinhlangano zamasiko zingasiza ekutholeni amanani abantu abambalwa noma abasengozini ekhethekile.
  • Icebo lokuhlanganisa: Sebenzisa ukucusha okusekelwe ekubaleni abantu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinkonzo eziphuthumayo zabelwa kahle. i CDC’s SVI iyindawo engcono yokuqala; abahleli bendawo bangayisebenzisa ngokwaziswa okwengeziwe.
  • amasu okuhlola okunemicikilisho eqhubekayo: Ahlanganisa izimo eziphuthumayo ezihlukene ezisebenzisa ukwaziswa okubonisa ukuthi abantu babalwa kanjani ukuze kulinganiswe ithonya. Ngokwesibonelo, sebenzisa itebula ukuze usebenzise ukuchitheka kwamakhemikhali endaweni ezungezile futhi ubone ukuthi imithombo yakho iyalingana yini.
  • I-machweba okwaziswa okuvulekile: Izinhlangano eziningi zombuso zokuphatha isimo esiphuthumayo kanye ne-Census Bureau ngokwayo zinikeza ukwaziswa okunobungane okungangeniswa emshinini wokudweba njenge-ArcGIS noma i-QGIS.

Isiphetho

Ukwaziswa kokubala akuyona nje irekhodi elingokomlando; kuyithuluzi elinamandla elisekela ngokuqondile umsebenzi wezinkonzo eziphuthumayo ukuze kusindiswe ukuphila futhi kuvikelwe impahla. Ukusuka endaweni yeziteshi zomlilo nakuma-ambulensi kuya ekuklameni kwezindlela zokuthutha nokuhlasela kwemikhankaso yezempilo yomphakathi, ukwaziswa okuphathelene nokwaziswa kwabantu kuhlanganiswa kuzo zonke izici zokuhlela isimo esiphuthumayo. Nokho, abahleli kumelwe baqaphe kakhulu ngokulinganiselwa kokwaziswa kokubala, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nesikhathi, ukuvalwa kwamanani, kanye nesivikelo sobuso. Ngokuhlanganisa ukwaziswa okungokwesiko okuvelayo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuveza ukunyakazisa nokulungisa izenzakalo zangempela, izinkonzo eziphuthumayo, kodwa okusebenza kahle, nokungalawuleki.

Ubuhlobo phakathi kokwaziswa okunembile kwabantu nokusabela okuphuthumayo okuphumelelayo kusobala: imiphakathi efaka imali eqongelele ekulinganiseni kwenani labantu ikulungele kangcono okungalindelekile. Njengoba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokuhlukahluka kwabantu, isidingo sokwaziswa okuqondile, okuthatha isinyathelo siyokhula. Izinkonzo eziphuthumayo ezihlanganisa ukuthatha ukwaziswa okuphuthumayo ziyongcono kakhulu ukubhekana nezinselele zesikhathi esizayo, ziqinisekise ukuthi akekho osele ngemva kwenhlekelele.

Ukuze uqhubeke ufunda, hlola i-Cubreasure Bureau ye-U.S. Uhlelo lwesikhathi esigcwele lwe-CVT [, iCDC' i-Sacualial Vulterability Index[[, kanye ne-FEMA’s .[FLT]