Ubuhlobo Phakathi Kwezinhlansi Ezicindezelayo Nemikhankaso Ephambene

Emikhankasweni yanamuhla yezombangazwe, amasu okuthonya abavoti aye avelela kakhulu. Amasu amabili aphawulekayo akhuthaza ukuhlola nokukhankanya okuphambene. Ukuqonda indlela lezizindlela ezisebenza ngayo kungakhanyisa ithonya lazo kokhetho nakuvota. Ukuphenya okucindezelayo akuwona nje amasu okuhlanganisa imibono engenziwa ngamabomu ngaphansi kokucwaninga. Umkhankaso oweqisayo, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlasela abaphikisi ngokuqondile. Uma kuhlangene, ukuphoqa ukupheka kuveza ithonya elibi kokhetho, umphetho okwazi ukuhlanganisa nokwaziswa okungaqeda inkulumo yedemokramente.

Ukuchaza Izinhlansi Ezishukumisayo

Ukuhlola okuphoqelelwe kuyinqubo yomkhankaso ephikisanayo ezenza ize ngokuhlola. Esikhundleni sokuqoqa imibono, bahlose ukuthonya abavoti ngokunikeza ukwaziswa okungakhiyo ngomphikisi. Ngokuvamile, basunduze abaphekisi ukuba babuze imibuzo eholelayo eklanyelwe ukutshala ukungabaza noma ukuqinisa imibono ephambene. Ngokwesibonelo, umvoti angase athole ucingo olubuzayo: "Uma wazi ukuthi uCandite Smith umangalelwe ngokukhwabanisa, ingabe ungabavotela?" Umbuzo ngokwawo usikisela ukuba babe necala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umvoti uphendula.

Ukuhlola umbono okusemthethweni kunenjongo, kusebenzisa isampula engayihleliwe, futhi kubike ukwaziswa ukuze kulandele umbono womphakathi. Izinhlolo-zincwadi, ngokuphambene, zingamathuluzi okuhlola. Zivame ukuqhutshwa ngemikhankaso yezombangazwe noma amaqembu angaphandle futhi azihloselwe ukuqoqa ukwaziswa okuyiqiniso. Isikhathi sibalulekile . "ukuhlola okuvamile kuvela eduze noSuku Lokhetho, lapho abavoti bethambekele kakhulu ekungaqinisekini kokugcina. Nakuba igama elithi "ukuhlola i-pish" ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziswa ngokuxekelele kunoma yiluphi ucingo oluphambene, ukusunduza izicelo zeqiniso kuhilela amakhulu ezinkulungwane zocingo ngesikhathi esifushane, kuhlala esifundeni ngesigijimi esithile esiqondile.

I-American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) iye yalahla ukuphenya njengokuphulwa kwezindinganiso zokucwaninga ngokokuziphatha. Ngokwe-AAPOR, ukuphoqelela ukuphenya akuzona neze izibalo kodwa kunalokho izingxoxo zezombangazwe eziklanyelwe ukusakaza ukwaziswa okungakhi. Ama-gconstent ayazigwema imikhuba enjalo ngoba alimaza idumela lokucwaninga. Ukuze ubheke iziqondiso zayo ze-APOR, bona [[FLT: 0]].

Ukuqonda Umkhankaso Ophambene

Umkhankaso ophambene uhilela ukuhlasela ubuntu bomphikisi, irekhodi, noma izinkambiso. Umgomo ukululaza ukukhokha nokukhetha kwethonya lomvoti ngokwaziswa okungekuhle. Nakuba kungaphumelela, ngokuvamile kubangela ukugxekwa kwezindinganiso zawo zokuhle nokungalungisi inkulumo yasobala. Izikhangiso eziphambene beziyizinto eziyinhloko kwezombangazwe zaseMelika kusukela ezinsukwini zakuqala .John Adams noThomas Jefferson bobabili bahwebela ukuhlasela komuntu siqu kukhetho lwango-1800.

Amasu aphambene awela ezigabani eziningana: ukuhlasela komuntu siqu (ofaka ukungabaza ubuqotho noma ukuphila komkhaya), ukuhlasela okubhaliwe (amavoti noma izinkulumo), nokuhlasela kwezimiso (izinhlelo ezifaka izingozi noma ezibizayo). Ngamunye uhlongozo lokwenza umfakela phakathi komfundi namaqembu ayinhloko. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi umkhankaso ophambene ukhumbuleka kakhulu kunokubhala amazwi akhuthazayo, kodwa futhi ufaka futhi engozini yokuchasana nomhlaseli, isici esaziwa ngokuthi i-"boolerang miphumela enjenge-"boolerang.""

Imikhankaso yanamuhla ivame ukusebenzisa imikhankaso emincane ukuze idlulisele imiyalezo ephambene ezilalelini ezithile. Umvoti okhathazekile ngobugebengu angathola umkhangisi ogcizelela umlando othambile womphikisi, kuyilapho umvoti wasemaphandleni ebona izikhangiso ngokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Lokhu kuveza imiphumela yokuthumela imiyalezo engafanele. Kodwa, njengoba imikhankaso iba yi-data edluliswayo, umugqa phakathi kokumemezela nokuziguqula umninindlu uye wafiphaza.

Ukuze ibheke ngokujule kakhulu ekukhangiseni kokusebenza kwengqondo kwezikhangiso ezingezinhle, iPew Research Center iye yashicilela ukucubungula ukusabela kovoti ezwini lomkhankaso. Ukuhlola kwabo 2020 komkhankaso [ kuqokomisa indlela izikhangiso eziphambene ezilololonga ngayo ukuqonda kwabo bobabili abazobhapathizwa.

Indlela Impova Ecindezela Ngayo Enikeza Ubuciko Obubi

Ukuhlola kokusunduza ngokuvamile kusebenza njengethuluzi lokukhuthaza ukuthumelelana imiyalezo ephambene. Bangangenisa ukwaziswa okulimazayo ezingqondweni zabavoti, benze imibono ephambene isakazeke kakhulu ngaphandle kokwembula ngokucacile umthombo wesigijimi. Lokhu kuhlola kuthuthukisa ukuphumelela kwamasu omkhankaso aphambene ngokudlula ukuzivikela kovoti. Umvoti ozwayo emazwini aphambene kuthelevishini angase angayinaki njengenkulumo - ze ekhokhelwayo. Kodwa ukuphenya okungathi umbuzo ongathathi hlangothi ungasheshiwe ngaphansi kweradar, atshale imbewu yokusola enomuzwa wokuthi iqaliwe.

Umshini Ongokwengqondo

Ukuhlola kokucindezela kusebenzisa ukuthatheka kokuqonda ngemiqondo − ngokuqondiwe kumphumela weqiniso elididayo, lapho ukuchayeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ekutheni uyavuma kundisa khona ukuqiniseka kwayo okucatshangelwayo. Ngisho noma umvoti enqaba incazelo phakathi nocingo, lo mbhalo umane usho ukuthi uhlangene nomphakathi ophambene negama lomphikisi futhi. Kamuva, lapho umvoti ehlangana negama lakhe futhi, ifulegi elibi licwebezela phezulu. Lokhu kukhula lapho izingcingo zokuhlola zihlanganiswa nolunye ucingo oluphambene. Uvoti ugcwala ngemida eshayeni eshayeni ehlukahlukene, aqinise incazelo efanayo.

Esinye isici esingokwengqondo ukusabela. Uma abavoti bazi ukuthi basetshenziswa kabi, bangamelana nomyalezo. Kodwa ukubhebhethekisa kufihla inhloso yabo, ukuthatha igwebu. Umvoti unomuzwa wokuthi bahlanganyela ekuhloleni, hhayi ekutholeni inkulumo - ze. Lenkohliso yenza ukuphenya kukhange ngokukhohlisayo kuqhathaniswe ngokuphawulekayo nezikhangiso ezingezinhle.

Iqoqo Lokwaziswa Nezimbotshana Ezincane

Nakuba ukuphenya okuphoqelelwayo kungekona ukuhlola okuqotho, kusathathwa izimpendulo zabavoti. Imikhankaso ingabhala ukuthi ayinakusekela ocela ukubhapathizwa ngemva kokuzwa udwendwe olubi. Lo kwaziswa kungena emaqhingani okucindezela abavoti: labo ababonisa ukunqikaza bangase bahloselwe ukuthumela imiyalezo ephambene noma, ngokuphambene, banganakwa uma bebonakala bengase bagweme. Ngalendlela, ukuphoqelela ukuphenya kwenza umsebenzi ophindwe kabili.

Lenhlanganisela yokuhlanganisa okungakhi nokuhlanganisa ulwazi yenza ukuhlola okuphoqelele ukuthatha i-asched − ne-tool. I-Federal Evolution Commission (FEC) iye yacabangela ukuthi ukuphenya kuhlanganisa uhlobo lwemininingwane yezindleko zomkhankaso emithethweni yokudalula. Nokho, umthetho uhlala ungalingani. Ukubukeza okuningili kwemithetho ye-FEC, hlolani umqondisi wabo we-mampagion [ ngezindleko zokuxhumana.

Izibonelo Ezingokomlando Zezinhlansi Ezicindezelayo Ezisebenza

Ukuqonda ukuphoqelela ukuphenya kudinga ukubheka ezimweni ezingokoqobo lapho lelicebo lashintsha khona umkhankaso. Isibonelo esidume kakhulu yi- 2000 Republican puresial e-South Carolina. Phakathi nomncintiswano phakathi kukaGeorge W. Bush noJohn McKain, abavoti abangazange bafake izicelo babuza: "Ukube kungenzeka ukuthi uzoba uvote uJohn McCaine uma wazi ukuthi wazala umntwana omnyama ongekho emthethweni?" (McCan nomkakhe babethole indodakazi eBangladesh). Umbuzo wawuwukuhleba uphenduzi, njengoba kungekho bufakazi obusekela okuko. Yadlala ngokusekela kohlanga phakathi kuka-Cliescian odla ngokulandela. U-Bush wawina i-South Carolina no-on, futhi ukuvolosa kwalahlwa kwasohliswa kakhulu njengomthetho ophansi wemithetho eBang.

Esinye isibonelo senzeka phakathi nonyaka ka-2016 weDemocratic phakathi kukaHillary Clinton noBern Sanders. Amazwana aveza ukuthi i-PAC enkulu esekela iClinton yenza iziphetho zokuhlola eNew Hampshire, ibiza abavoti ngemibuzo engemihle ngokukhetha kukaSanders. Lo mkhankaso weClinton waphika ulwazi, kodwa lesi senzakalo saqokomisa indlela ukuphehla kokuhlola okungabangelwa ngayo eqenjini elinobuhlakani obuqanjiwe.

Ukuhlola kokuphoqa akulinganiselwe emijahweni yabaholi. Okhethweni bendawo, abazofuna ukubhapathizwa baye bayisebenzisa ukusakaza amahemuhemu ngemisebenzi yezebhizinisi noma ukuphila komuntu siqu. Ngokwesibonelo, umjaho wombuso ka-2018 eMissouri wabheca ukuphenya ukuthi ummeli we-Cunication wayevote ukuphakamisa izintela, ngisho noma ukuvota bekulokhu kungokokusetshenziswa kwemali. Ulimi lokuhlola lwaphumelela kangangokuba lwaguqula imibiko yezindaba amasonto amaningi.

Kukhona amafomu amancane. Ezinye iziphetho ezicindezelayo zisebenzisa "umuntu ochaphayo" imibuzo ukuze kuncishiswe izikhundla zenkambiso. Ngokwesibonelo, umbuzo ungaqala nge "Ingabe usekela icebo lika-X lokuqeda umshuwalense wempilo wezigidi?" uma icebo langempela lomfundi liyinguquko elinganiselwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa impikiswano ngamagama angamanga, kuphoqelela umphikisi ukuba avikele isikhundla abangazange babambelele kuso.

Kukho nezinye izibonelo nokuhlaziywa, isihloko se- FactCkeck.org esikhuluma ngemihlola esunduzayo sinikeza ukucazululwa okuphelele kwamakhenikha namaqhinga avamile.

Ukucabangela Okungokomthetho Nokungokomthetho

Ukuhlola okuphoqelelwe kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka kwezimiso ngoba ngokuvamile abakhombi ababona ngapha nangapha futhi bangadukisa. Ngokomthetho, amanye ama-othority alawula ukusetshenziswa kwawo, kodwa ukuphoqelela kuyahlukahluka. Umngcele phakathi kokuhlola okungokomthetho nokulawula ngezinye izikhathi ungabonakala kalula, kubangele impikiswano eqhubekayo ngobulungisa kukhetho. Ezingani likahulumeni, i-Foney Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) ivimbela izingcingo ezizenzekelayo ngaphandle kwemvume, kodwa ukuhlola okuningi kuqhutshwa ngokushaya ucingo oluqinile, ukuvimbela umthetho. Imithetho yezezimali idinga ukuvezwa kwezindleko zemali, kodwa isunduza ukuphenya izicelo ngokuthi “iphenyanisa” noma“ ukuxhumana kwe-injini ye-ommuntry'injini.” futhi kanjalo kuphumele ekuhleni.

Ukuguquguquka kwesilinganiso sikahulumeni

Eminye imibuso iye yamisa imithetho eqondile. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho ka-New Hampshire “wokuhlola” wenqabela ngokuqondile noma yimuphi umuntu ekuhloleni okungamchazi umxhasi futhi okuqukethe ukwaziswa okungamanga noma okudukisayo. Umbuso udinga futhi ukuphoqelela abaphehli bemali ukuba baveze umthombo wabo wezimali. Nokho, ukuphoqelela kunzima ngoba abashayeli ngokuvamile basebenza besuka kuhulumeni noma besebenzisa izinhlangano zamagobolondolo. Ngokuphambene, i-California ayinawo umthetho wokuhlola oqondile, incike emithethweni evamile emelene nemikhuba yokukhohlisa.

Izinhlangano zokuhlola zezesayensi, kuhlanganise ne-AAPOR ne-National Council on Public Polls (NCPP), zinezindinganiso ezicacile ezimelene nokuphoqelelwa kokuphenya. Baphikisa ngokuthi lomkhuba ulimaza idumela lokucwaninga futhi uqeda ukwethemba umphakathi ezinqubweni zentando yeningi. I-NCP ikhuthaza abezindaba ukuba bangabaze noma yisiphi i "udoti" obonakala sengathi uphoqelela ukulandisa okuthile. Izintatheli ziqeqeshelwe ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuhlola okungokomthetho nokuphoqa izicelo, kodwa umehluko awubonakali njalo kubantu abavotayo.

Ukulandisa Nokushaya Ikhanda

Uma ukuphenya kuphoqelelwa ukuba kubekwe isigwebo sokuhlambalaza noma izinkulumo ezingamanga, abazohlolwa bangamangalela. Ngo-2012, umenzi wenhlangano e-Illinois wafaka icala elimmangalelayo elimcindezelayo ngokumsola ngokuthi wayemangalelwe (wayengakwazanga). Icala lahlala, kodwa libonisa izingozi ezingokomthetho. Nokho, ngesikhathi sokuzinqumela, ukuvota kusuke sekuphelile. Isimo sokuphonsa izicelo (ngokuvamile) cishe kuyenzekathakatha ngecala.

Abanye abasekeli baphikisa umthetho kahulumeni onamandla, njengokufuna zonke izingcingo zezombangazwe ukuba zihlanganise ukudalulwa komkhankaso wokuxhasa noma ikomiti. Abanye basikisela ukuthi ukuphoqelela ukuvocavolwa kuhlelwe njengeminikelo eyingxenye yohlobo lomvocato, idinga ukudalulwa kwe-FEC. kuze kube manje, lezi ziphakamiso ziye zanqamuka ngenxa yezikhalo zokukhuluma. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yavikela ngokomlando inkulumo yezombangazwe, ngisho nalapho ikhohlisa, ngaphandle kokuba iwele eziqenjinini ezinjengehlazo noma ukukhohlisa.

Ithonya Lokusebenzisa Imishini Nokubusa Ngentando Yeningi

Nakuba ukuhlola okuphoqelelayo kanye namasu amabi kungaphumelela ekuthonyeni abavoti, futhi basengozini yokululaza izinqubo zentando yeningi. Bangase bafake igalelo ekwandisweni kwezindawo ezihlukene, ukukhohliswa, nokukhohliswa. Ukufundisa abavoti ngalamacebo kubalulekile ekulondolozeni isimiso sedemokrasi esinempilo. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi abavoti abachayeke ekucindezeleni ukukhomba kokuncintisana kwenqubo yokuvota nokunganyaniseki. Lokhu kuwohloka kokwethemba kungacindezela ukuphenduka, njengoba izakhamuzi zinomuzwa wokuthi ukuvota kwazo akunandaba.

Umphumela Oshukumisayo

Umkhankaso ophambene uvame ukuhlukanisa amaqembu alwayo, kodwa ukuhlola okuphoqelelayo kuhlukanisa kakhulu ngoba kuhlasela izigwegwe ezithile. Endaweni ehlukene, ukubheca kungaqinisa ubandlululo olukhona. Umvoti kakade ongabazayo angase athole ukusola kwakhe kuqinisekiswe yilokhu kuhlolwa okuphoqelelwe, kuwenze angakuvuleki kakhulu ukwaziswa okuqondile kamuva. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuveza indida lapho abavoti bethola khona nje ukuqiniswa okuphambene mayelana nohlangothi olumeleneyo, kujulise ukuhlolwa kwezwe.

Ukungaqondi Nezinselele Eziyiqiniso

Ukuhlola okuphoqelelwe kuyindlela yokungaqondi okungokwezombangazwe. Ngokungafani nezikhungo zezembu jikelele zezenyuziya-mavaira, ukuphoqelela ukuhlola kuyimfihlo, kukwenza kube nzima ukukuhlola. Akukho rekhodi lomphakathi lombhalo ngaphandle kokuba umamukeli uhlanganyele nawo. Ngesikhathi esikhona abahloli beqiniso bahlaziya izikhangiso, izingcingo seziphelile kakade. Lokhu kucindezela ukuhlola inzuzo eyingqayizivele: basebenza ngokunyenya. Abacosheli banxusa kakhulu abavoti ukuba babike izingcingo ezisolayo kuziphathimandla zokhetho, kodwa bambalwa kuphela abazenza.

Izinkulumo ezingalungile ezivela ekuhloleni okuphoqelelwe zingangena enkulumweni yeningi. Abaqondisi abathola ukuhlolwa okuphoqelelwe bangase bahlanganyele okuqukethweyo nabangane noma imithombo yezokuxhumana, bandise ukusho kwamanga ngaphandle komongo wohlelo lokuqala. Lokhu kusho umkhankaso owodwa wokuhlola ophoqelelwe ungafinyelela kude kakhulu kunohlu lwawo lwezingcingo.

Ukugxeka Nokudumazeka

Uma ukuchayeka kaningi kumacebo omkhankaso aphambene, kuhlanganise nokuphenya, kubangela ukungathembi. Amavoter aqala ukuthatha ukuxhumana kwezombangazwe kukhohlisa. Nakuba ukungabaza okunempilo kusiza, ukungathembani okuphelele kungaholela ekulahlekeni. Uma abavoti bekholelwa ukuthi bonke abavoti bakhohlakeleyo bangcolile noma abathembekile, bangase bagweme ukuvota ngokuphelele. Phansi okungalawuleki kuthinta intsha neyokuqala evotayo, imiphumela yokukhetha okuhambisana nobukhulu, nobukhulu bengxenye engaphezulu. Ngakho, ukusunduza ukuhlola hhayi nje kuphela ukulimaza imikhosi yomuntu ngamunye kodwa futhi kwenze buthaka i-modemocrali.

Abanye ohulumeni baye bazama ukumelana nalokhu ngokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokufunda nokubhala zezokuxhumana. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Ecommution Application Commission inikeza imithombo yokusiza abavoti ukuba baphawule ukuphoqelelwa kwezicelo kanye namanye amaqhinga okukhipha ulwazi. Izinhlangano ezingangeni-lunyeni njengeNhlangano yabesifazane Voters ziqhuba imikhankaso yemfundo. Nokho, ukuhlelwa kahle kokuphoqelela ukuphenya kwenza ukusabela komphakathi kube yinselele.

Ukuqhathanisa Ukuhoxa Kwezinhlansi Nezinye Izindlela Ezingalungile

Ukuze ubuqonde ngokugcwele ubuhlobo phakathi kokuhlola okuphoqelelayo nokukhankasa okubi, kuyasiza ukuqhathanisa ukuhlola okuphoqelelayo namanye amasu avamile:

  • Izikhangiso ze-Attack: Ithelevishini nezikhangiso ze-minuber zigxeka obala umphikisi. Ziyabonakala, zibekwe kumxhasi, futhi zibekwe imithetho yokudalula. Ama Voter angakususa okuqukethwe bese esunduza. Ukuhlola kokucindezela, ngokuphambene, azingaziwa futhi zigwema ukucubungula obala.
  • Ukushaya ucingo:[ Izingcingo ezizenzekelayo ezinye ithuluzi, kodwa ama-rodocall amaningi agxeka ngokucacile."U-"Candite X wonakele" ngokuqondile. Ukuhlola kokucindezela kufihla umlayezo ofanayo njengombuzo, kuwenza ukuba ungaqondakali.
  • Imikhankaso ebanzi: Amaqhawe asakazwa ngomlomo phakathi kwabashokobezi abakhuthele. Ukuphoqa kuveza lenqubo, kuvumela umkhankaso ukuba ufinyelele izinkulungwane zabavoti ngamahemuhemu afanayo ngenkathi yamahora ambalwa.
  • Izikhangiso zemali ezikhangiswayo: Imishini exhaswe amaqembu angazithululi izimemezelo. Kokubili icindezela ukuhlola nokukhangisa okumnyama kwemali kuqeda ukuba sobala, kodwa ukusunduza ukuhlola akunakwenzeka ngoba akushiyi rekhodi elihlala njalo.

Lokhu kuqhathanisa kubonisa ukuthi ukuphoqelela kusendaweni ehlukile: kuphakeme, kulula, futhi kunamandla. Ikhono lokuhlanganisa ukukhohlisa nokuqoqwa kokwaziswa lizenza zibe yithuluzi elithandwayo lemikhankaso yokuzivumelanisa nezimiso zokuziphatha.

Izinqubo Zokuqaphelisa Izimfihlo

Ukuqaphela ukuhlolwa okuphoqelelwe kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokungathathi hlangothi.

  • Lolucingo luvela kwinani elingaziwa, elivame ukuphuma ku-ove-state.
  • Oshayela ucingo uthi uqhuba i - "i - survey" kodwa uchitha isikhathi esiningi ebuza imibuzo ethwetshulwe noma eholelayo ngomuntu ozobhapathizwa eyedwa.
  • Imibuzo enikeza ukwaziswa okungakhoni kwi "ungasekela futhi..." fomethi.
  • Oshaya ucingo akanikezi sisekelo esicacile salokho akushoyo, noma indlela yokukuqinisekisa.
  • Lesisicelo asifuni ukwaziswa okufana nokuhlola okungokomthetho (inkathi, imfundo, njll.)

Uma umvoti esola ukuphenya, kufanele abeke inombolo futhi aqaphele noma yimiphi imininingwane. Ukubika ubizo ebhodini lokhetho lukahulumeni noma i-FEC kungasiza ekwakheni icala lokugcinwa kwamaphoyisa. Nokho, njengoba ukusunduza ukuvota ngokuvamile kungokomthetho, umgomo ungowokuqapha umphakathi kunokuqulwa. Abavoter bangahlanganyela okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kanye nokulawula amaqiniso njenge zinhlangano ze-FactChec.org noma i-Pritifact.

Imikhankaso yokufunda nokubhala ikhuthaza abavoti ukuba "behlise ukujikeleza" ngokubuza imibuzo egxekayo: Ubani owakhokhela lolubizo? Yibuphi ubufakazi obusekela lokho okushiwoyo? Ingabe lokhu kwaziswa kuvela emthonjeni othembekile? Ngokuhlakulela lobu buciko, abavoti abatholakali kalula ethonyeni leqiniso elikhohlisayo eliphoqelela ukuncika kulokhu kuhlola.

Ikusasa Lezinhlansi Zokusunduza Nomkhankaso Ophambene

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bushintsha, ukuhlola okuphoqelelwe kuyoba okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Imiyalezo ephoqelelwayo yokuhlola iqala ukuvela. I-message kakade ithola ukuxhumana okudlula nge-SMS okuholela kwi-website enemibuzo ethwetshiwe. Isu elifanayo lisetshenziswa ezitejini zezokuxhumana ezihlolwa ngokufana nezikhangiso. Ukuzihlela nokuzihlela kokwenziwa kungenza ukuvota okuncishiswe futhi kube lula ukukwenza, abavoti abangase bagcotshwe ngezizathu eziphambene.

Ngokungavumelani, ukusabela kokulawula kuhlanganisa ukuthatha ijubane. Ezinye izifundazwe zicabangela ukuthatha yonke imiyalezo yezombangazwe − kuhlanganisa nokuhlola .I-Honest Ads Act, esungulwe eKhompey kaningi, inganika imithetho yokuveza i-application yamanani kuzo zonke izingcingo ezikhokhelwayo zezombangazwe, ezingase zifake izicelo ezikhokhelwa kuyi-inthanethi. Nakuba i-bipartisan isekela umkhankaso wokuveza ukukhanya liyanda.

Imizamo ngokwayo ingasusa iziphetho zokuphenya njengoba abavoti beqaphela kakhulu. Ukucwaninga eYunivesithi yaseMichigan kwathola ukuthi abavoti abathola ukuhambelana njengokuphoqelelwa bazizwa kabi kakhulu kokubili ngalowo okhokhelwayo nenqubo yezombangazwe. Lomphumela usikisela ukuthi ukusunduza ukuphenya kungaba umthombo onciphileyo wemikhankaso, ikakhulukazi obhekelwe kakhulu lapho ukuvota kulandela khona imali.

Nokho, ukukhanga kwemfihlo, icebo eliphumelelayo kuyaqhubeka kwabanye. Ubuhlobo phakathi kokuhlola okuphoqelelayo namasu aphambene omkhankaso buyisidakamizwa: ukusunduza ukuthungatha imiyalezo ephambene kwenza ukuba iposi eliphambene lifinyelele abavoti ngendlela edlulayo ekuvikeleni kwabo, kuyilapho amasu aphambene anikeza ukuphenya injongo yabo. Ukunqamuka kwale nkomba kudinga imfundo yabavoti, izimiso eziqinile phakathi kwabavoti, nomthetho ovala izikhala ngaphandle kokuphazamisa inkulumo yabo ekhululekile.

Impilo yentando yeningi ixhomeke ezakhamuzini ezinolwazi, eziboshelwe. Ngokuqonda ukuphoqelela ukuphenya kanye nendima yazo ekukhankasweni okuphambene, abavoti bangaqapha ekusebenziseni nasekufuneni izindinganiso eziphakeme kwabazohlolwa. Ikhambi elingcono kakhulu lokuphambanisa inkulumo - ze. Ukuze uthole imithombo eyengeziwe yokuhlola ukuxhumana kwezombangazwe, thinta i-FLT:0 [FLT] National Conference of State Legislatures[ ikhasi lomkhankaso.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlola okuphoqelelwe kanye namasu aphambene okuhlela kuhlangene ebuhlotsheni obuphazamisana. Ukuhlola kokusunduza kusebenza njengemoto ephambanisayo ukuze kuthole ulwazi olubi, ukusebenzisa ubandlululo olungokwengqondo neqoqo lokwaziswa ukuze kususe ukuthemba kovoti. Nakuba umkhankaso ophambene uyisici esingapheli sokhetho, usunduza ukuphehlwa kwenkohliso elulaza ukuvumelana kolwazi. U Voters, intatheli, nabalawuli bonke banendima yokudlala ekunciphiseni umonakalo. Ukhetho oluhlome ngokugxeka nokufuna ukuba sobala kunganciphisa ukuphumelela kwalezi zinqubo. Ekupheleni, imisebenzi yedemocraliyo ingcono kakhulu uma ukuvota kulinganisa ukungaboni kwangempela, uma bengasetshenziswa ngemiyalezo efihliwe ukuba bangababaze imboni.