Imisebenzi yokuvuselela edolobheni ihloselwe ukuvuselela izindawo ezishisayo, ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo, nokuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila kwezakhamuzi. Nokho, ngisho namasu ahloselwe kahle kakhulu angahluleka uma umphakathi uzizwa udilikile, udukile, noma unganakwa. Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha ugcwele imisebenzi ebhekene nokuphikiswa okunzima, ukubambezela, nokuhluleka ngokuphelele ngenxa yokuthi abathuthukisi nabaholi bakamasipala baphatha ubuhlobo bomphakathi njengendlela ecatshangelwayo. [[FLT: 0]] Ubudlelwane bomphakathi obuphakathi nomphakathi obune[ ususa i-partum ukusuka phezulu-densi yemiyalezo yeqiniso ukuya ebudlelwanenisweni, uyenza ibe isici esingenakulungiseka esingenakusetshenziswa.

Yini Engena Emkhakheni Womphakathi?

Ubudlelwane bomphakathi obuphakathi nendawo buyindlela yokuxhumana ephambili ehlela ukuthembana, ukuthuthukisa ingxoxo, nokuhlela imigomo yomsebenzi nokuhlangenwe nakho okuphilile kanye nezifiso zezakhamuzi zendawo. Ngokungafani ne-PR engokwesiko igxila ekusakazeni ukwaziswa ukuze kulolonge ukuqonda komphakathi. i-PR ebekwe phambili igcizelela ukulalela, ukubonakala, nokuzilibazisa. Iqaphela ukuthi izakhamuzi azizona nje izibambi ezifaka imingcele kodwa zisebenza nezinkombano ezinolwazi, izinkathazo, nemibono okubalulekile ekuphumeleleni kwanoma yikuphi ukushintsha kwesilinganiso esikhulu sendawo.

Lesiyalo sisekelwe ezimisweni ezisuka ekuhleleni ngokwehlukana, ekuxazululeni izingxabano, nasekulinganiseni kwezenhlalo. Abaqondisi bazama ngamandla ukuqonda umlando womphakathi, amandla, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwempucuko. Basebenzisa izigebengu ezimbili ezibonisa ukuxhumana, lapho amasu okunikeza impendulo evumela izakhamuzi ukuba zithonye izinqumo futhi zibone ukuthi ukufakwa kwazo kufakwe kanjani. Ukuhlelwa kwesikhathi, uhlelo lwezimali, ukuhwebelana, kanye nemiphumela emibi akuyona nje kuphela imfanelo ehloniphekayo kodwa futhi kwakha nethenjelwa okudingekayo ekusingabekelweni kwezinselele zokubhekana nezinselele ezingagwemeki. Empeleni, ukukhokhwa kwemiphakathi kwe-PR kudinga ukuthenjwa njengemali okumelwe kutholakale ngokuvumelana, ngokwethembeka, nangenhlonipho, ukubhalisana, nokufuna noma ukufunwa.

Okwenza Umphakathi Ungenele Izindaba Ezibucayi Emikhankasweni Yokuvuselela Yasedolobheni

Ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo zasedolobheni kuphazamisa isimo somkhakha ngokwemvelo. Umsindo wokwakha, ukwesaba, ukushintsha kwezindlela zomgwaqo, kanye nokucindezela kokwenyuka kwezimoto kudala izinkathazo ezingabangela ngokushesha umphakathi ukuba umelane nomsebenzi othile, cishe nowokuthembisa izinzuzo ezithatha isikhathi eside. Ngaphandle kwenhloso, iPR ephakathi komphakathi, lezi zinkathazo ziba yindawo evulekele ukudukiswa, amahemuhemu, nokuphikiswa okuhleliwe. Umphumela ngokuvamile uwukungabeki iprojekethi, izindleko ezithena, izimpi ezingokomthetho, futhi unciphe ithemba elihlala njalo izizukulwane.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izakhamuzi zizizwa zihileleke ngempela, ziba abameleli, hhayi izitha. Zisiza ekuboneni izindaba ezingalindelekile, zinikeza ulwazi lwendawo oluthuthukisa umklamo, futhi zikhuthaza omakhelwane ukuba bahlanganyele emathubeni okunikeza impendulo. Ukuhlola kwe-Urban Institute ne-American Planning Association njalo kubonisa ukuthi ukubophana komphakathi okunenjongo ngezindlela ezivumela izakhiwo eziphakeme, ukuvumela ngokushesha, nemiphumela engcono yesikhathi eside kubo bobabili izakhamuzi nabathuthukisi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Urban Institute [[FLT: 1] i-ULT] ifaka kubufakazi bokuthi inqubo yokuhlela egcwele ezindaweni eziseduze njenge-Dudley Street esendaweni ezungezile ezungezile, lapho izwe elithenjwayo liqhumisa khona kakhulu.

Ibaluleke ngokufanayo, i-PR ephakathi komphakathi isiza ekugwemeni amaphutha emizamo yokuvuselela yesikhathi esidlule ebangela ukuba imikhaya ifuduswe futhi ibhubhise ama-hasmest amasiko, njengesakhiwo sezindlu sePruitt-Igoe esidume kabi noma imigwaqo emikhulu yasedolobheni eyakha izigodi eziqhakazile. Ngokusekela iphimbo lomphakathi, izinhlelo zobunguquko zanamuhla zingagqashuka kulelofa futhi esikhundleni sazo zakhe izindawo ezibonisa izindinganiso nezidingo zabantu abahlala lapho.

Isihluthulelo Sezinqubo Zomphakathi Eziphumelelayo Sangena Ebuhlotsheni Bomphakathi

Ukugcwalisa i-PR ephakathi komphakathi kudinga indlela yamabomu, engenisa imithombo yempahla. Amasu alandelayo abalulekile ukuze kwakhiwe ukwethembana nokuhlanganyela okudingekayo ekuvuselelweni okuphumelelayo kwamadolobha.

Ukumisa Iziteshi Zokuxhumana Ezivulekile Ezifinyelelekayo

Ulwazi kumelwe luphumele eziqondisweni eziningi. Ngaphandle kwezinhlu zezincwadi ezivamile, imisebenzi ephumelelayo isebenzisa ukuxubana kwamathuluzi e-menu-almeter (amawebhusayithi anikezelwe anezifushaniso zomsebenzi wezolimi olulula, ama-akhawunti ezokuxhumana ehlela isikhathi sangempela, izimiso zombhalo we-tech-metach eziphansi (iziteshi ezisakazwa ezitolo ezisesitolo nasezitokisini zebhasi, izimemezelo zezenzakalo zomphakathi, izihlahla zocingo kubantu abadala). Imishini yonke imishini kufanele itholakale ngezikhathi ezimbili noma ngolimi oluhlukene ngokwesidingo, futhi zonke izinto kufanele zitholakale ngezindinganiso ezinkulu zokubhala nangezinombolo ezihambisana nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe zobuchwepheshe zokwenenzuzo. Umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho ohlala esitolo angakwazi ukufinyelela olwazini ngolimini, ulwazi, ezobuchwepheshe zobuchwepheshe bokufinyelela, noma ukukhubazeka.

Ngokukanjani, imikhondo yokuxhumana kumelwe futhi ivumele izakhamuzi ukuba zibuze imibuzo, zixoxe, futhi zinikeze impendulo kalula. Umsebenzi onikezelwe, ipheshana elivamile le-imeyili elinikeza imibuzo, nefomu elilula le-inthanethi lokuphendula yizimfuneko ezisekelwe ku-mfashini. Amaqembu eprojekthi kufanele alandele yonke imibuzo futhi anikeze izimpendulo ngokushesha, ukugawula ukuze athole izihloko eziphindaphindwayo ezidinga ukuxhumana okukhulu noma ukulungiswa kwenqubo.

Ukuthungatha Imihlangano Yomphakathi Nezindawo Zomsebenzi Ezivamile

Imihlangano yomphakathi ayinakuba yizenzakalo ezithatha isikhathi esingafanele nezezindawo. Kunalokho, kufanele ihlelwe ngezikhathi ezihlukene (izinsuku zakusihlwa, izimpelasonto, emini emini) futhi ijikeleziswe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene phakathi kwezindawo zesikole, izikhungo zomphakathi, izindawo zokukhulekela, amapaki. Ama-application nokunakekela abantwana kumelwe kunikezelwe. Amafomethi emihlangano kufanele axube izintshumayelo, izingxoxo zeqembu elincane, futhi avule iziteshi ukuze kuhlaliswe izitayela zezindlela zokuxhumana ezihlukene.

Izimboni ezisebenzisa amathuluzi ahambisanayo − njengokuvivinya ibalazwe, umklamo, kanye nokuhlela uhlelo lokusebenzisa imali (ivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zihambe ngaphandle kokuphawula ngezinketho ezicacisiwe ukuze zilungise izixazululo. Lezi zinhlelo ziveza izinto ezibonakalayo (umz., ezinye izindlela zomklamo, izinto ezibekwa phambili) ezibonisa indlela ukufakwa komphakathi okuthonya ngayo ngokuqondile izinqumo zeprojekthi. American Planning Association inikeza imithombo emikhulu ye-charette fractive faciation nemikhuba engcono kakhulu yemisebenzi yezindawo zomphakathi ezisebenzela umphakathi.

Ukunikeza Ulwazi Olucacile, Olufinyelelekayo

Umshini wobuchwepheshe, ulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi olungokomthetho, kanye nokwaziswa okuningi kuyisithiyo sokuhlanganyela. Izincwadi zemisebenzi .(ukusukela ezincwajaneni zezincwadi kuya kushintsha-shintsha izimemo) kubhalwe ngesilinganiso esifanelekile sokufunda ngezimiso ezicacile. Izinsiza ezibonakalayo ezinjengokuhumusha, imidwebo, nemibhalo ebhalwe phansi ziphumelela kakhulu kunezigaba zombhalo zokuchaza izinguquko zokuklama, izingozi zezimoto, noma ama-athonsi ezikhathi.

Izinqumo eziyinhloko, izenzakalo ezivelele, kanye nemiphumela emibi okungase kube nayo kukhulunywe ngokucacile futhi kuthathe isikhathi eside. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ukwakhiwa kuyokwenza umsindo noma umgwaqo uvaleke izinyanga eziningana, izakhamuzi kufanele zazi ukuthi kunini, kuphi, futhi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani. Uma icebo lokuthuthukiswa lihlanganisa izindlu ezintsha ezikwazi ukuqasha izikweletu, lokho kungaqashelwa ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izinyathelo zokulwa nendawo ezizokwenziwa. Ukwethembeka ngezohwebo lokudayisa, ngisho nalapho izindaba zingamukeleki.

Abaholi Bomphakathi Nezinhlangano Zendawo

Izindawo ezithenjwayo cishe njengezokuhlangana komakhelwane, amaqembu asekelwe ekukholweni, izinhlangano zenkonzo yomphakathi, nabathuthukisi bendawo abangakhi nzuzo, `basizi ababalulekile ePR ephakathi komphakathi. Baqonda umlando womphakathi, izinqubo, nezimiso zemifelandawo ezingcono kakhulu kunanoma imuphi umeluleki wangaphandle. Ukuwahlanganisa ngokushesha, nokuwahlanganisa ngokulinganayo ngesikhathi sawo nobuchwepheshe, kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuzwakala kwemiyalezo nokufinyelela kubantu abalungile.

Lezinhlangano zingahlanganisa imihlangano yomphakathi, zisize ekuklameni amasu afanele okufinyelela amasiko, futhi zisebenze njengabalamuleli lapho kuvela izingxabano. Zinikeza futhi izikhombo eziqhubekayo, ziqaphelisa iqembu lemisebenzi ukuba liveze ukukhathazeka ngaphambi kokuba likhule. Amakomiti okuqondisa akhiwe abameleli bomphakathi abahlukahlukene (kuhlanganise abaqashi, abaqashi bezindlu, abanikazi bezebhizinisi abancane, intsha, nabadala) anganikeza isiqondiso kuyo yonke into kusukela ekuklanyweni kwayo ukuya ekwakheni.

Ukusabela Ngokushesha nangokubonisa Ukukhathazeka

Inqubo yokunikeza impendulo ayisizi uma izakhamuzi zingaboni ukuthi ukufakwa kwazo kwasetshenziswa kanjani − noma ukuthi kungani kungasetshenziswanga. Imisebenzi yonke kufanele ibe nesimiso sokuvala izinkulumo zomphakathi nokubonisa ukuthi ilandisa. Imibiko ye-Pixectic joint (umz., “Siye sabuza, Siphendulile”) ekhishwe kuwebhusayithi yeprojekthi noma ehlanganyelwa emihlanganweni ingabonisa ukuthi ikuphi ukusikisela okuthathweyo, okungathathwangathathwanga kodwa okungathathwanga, kanye nezizathu zalezo zinqumo.

Uma izinkathazo zingathi sína kakhulu, cishe njengokwesaba ukusheshiswa noma ukungcoliswa kwendawo ezungezile, abaholi kufanele babe nezikhathi zokulalela ezinikezelwe, banikeze ochwepheshe abazimele ukuze baqiniseke, futhi babophe izinyathelo ezithile eziqondile obala. Ukusabela okulula ekudukisiwe nakho kuyagxeka: ilungu leqembu kufanele libheke imithombo yezindaba yezenhlalo nezindawo, lilungise amaphutha ayiqiniso ngobufakazi obufakazelwe obunenhlonipho.

Ukwakha Ukwethembana Nokubonisana Ngokuqhubekayo

Ukwethembana nokubonana akuyona imicabango engaqondakali; kwakhiwa ngezenzo zansuku zonke. Ithuluzi elisebenzayo yibhodi elifinyeleka obala elithatha imikhondo yentuthuko, uhlelo, kanye ne-metrics zomphakathi (isib., inani lemihlangano eqhutshwa, abezethathi, izimpendulo ezithotshiwe, nendlela iziphetho ezithonyeke ngayo). Ama-scadboard kufanele avuselelwe kanye kanye kanye kanye nasezindaweni zomphakathi futhi aboniswe ngayo ku-inthanethi.

Omunye umkhuba ukumisa ikomiti eqondisa umphakathi ekwaziyo ukuthatha ukwaziswa okuzimele negunya lokucela ukuqulwa kwamacala omphakathi. Amakomiti anjalo angabukeza imibiko yabathuthukisi, ukuhlobana nokusiza kwezivumelwano zomphakathi, futhi abike izivumelwano zomphakathi. Nakuba lokhu kwenezela ebunkimbinkimbini bokuphatha, kunciphisa kakhulu ukusola futhi kusiza wonke amaqembu ukuba alandise. U.S. Department of House and Urbacromement inikeza isiqondiso ezindlini zobungameli zomphakathi eHholweni yayo ye-Communicial Planting and Developmentation.

Ukubona gcaluza kusho ukuvuma amaphutha. Uma iphutha lokwakha libangela ukuphazamiseka ngokungalindelekile, noma lapho ukukhulumisana kungacaci, abaholi bemisebenzi kufanele baxolise obala futhi bachaze izinyathelo ezithathwayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubuya futhi. Lokhu kuhlasela kuvame ukuqinisa ukwethembana kakhulu kunalokho okungake kwenziwe emlandweni ophelele.

Ukukhuthaza Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Okunenjongo

Ukuhlola nokuphawula komphakathi kudingekile kodwa akwanele. Ukuhlanganyela kweqiniso kusho ukunika izakhamuzi amandla angempela ezinqumweni ezithinta ukuphila kwazo. Ukusebenzisa imali − lapho izakhamuzi zinquma khona ngokuqondile ukunikezela ingxenye yemali yomsebenzi − iye yasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo emadolobheni anjenge New York, Seattle, neToronto. Nakuba kungezona izinto ezinkulu ezikhona, zingasetshenziswa ekhulisweni lezindawo, efenishani lasemgwaqweni, emdwebweni, noma ekuhlelweni kwezinhlelo zomphakathi.

Izindawo zokuqamba zimema izakhamuzi ukuba zisebenze nabaklami abaklami abaklama izitsha zokuklama, kunokuba zithathe isinyathelo sokuthatha isinyathelo esithathelwanayo. Lokhu kubambisana kuvame ukuphumela ezixazululweni eziningi zekhono nezinomongo − njengepaki eliklanywe yintsha egcina indawo ethandwayo yokubuthana, noma isakhiwo esigcina umgwaqo ongokomlando.

Imikhandlu yezemfundo kufanele ibonise ukuhlukahluka okugcwele komphakathi, kuhlanganise namaqembu ancishisiwe avame ukunganakwa − njengokuhlala ngaphandle kwemvume, abantu abangenamakhaya, nobusha. Ukunikeza abahlali, abahumushi, kanye nezinto zokuhamba kusiza ekuthatheni izithiyo eziphansi. Umgomo awubona ababa khona abalinganayo (abanye abantu abangeke beze emihlanganweni) kodwa ithonya elingenakulinganiswa: ukuthi wonke amazwi anesisindo ekwenzeni izinqumo.

Ukulinganisa Impumelelo Yomphakathi Kwangena Ubuhlobo Bomphakathi

Imiphumela kumelwe igcinwe ukuze kulungiswe amasu futhi kufakazelwe ukubaluleka kwalendlela. I-Quantitive quative qu: inani nezinhlobonhlobo zababekhona abahlanganayo, amazinga okusabela, ukuphendula, ukuthatha impendulo, ijubane lokusikisela kwezakhamuzi okuhlanganisiwe ekuhleleni iprojekthi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, izikhombo ezibonisa ukwethenjelwa (izikhonzi eziqanjwe ngaphambi nangemva kwezenzakalo eziyinhloko), ukuhlaziya komzwelo wezezindaba, nokuhlola komzwelo zenhlalo, kanye nokusikisela okuqondile kwezakhamuzi okuhlanganisa amasu okwakha. Okukhulu kakhulu, okuthiwa izimpawu zokukhomba ukuthemba okunjengokuthiwa kwethemba (izikhonzi ezithathe izenzakalo eziyinhloko), imithombo yezindaba kanye nemithombo yezokuxhumana, kungaveza ukuqiniseka komphakathi.

Kunzima ukulinganisela kodwa kubaluleke ngokufanayo imiphumela yezemisebenzi: ukuphikiswa okuncishisiwe nezinselele zomthetho, ukuvumela nezikhathi zokwakha, izindleko eziphansi zokukhangisa nokwehlisa izindleko, kanye nezindinganiso zempahla zesikhathi eside nokwaneliseka komphakathi, i-National Community Reinvestition ukuhlola kwathola ukuthi imisebenzi ehlangene eqinile yomphakathi inezinga eliphansi elingu-20% lokulibala kanye nesilinganiso esingu-15% sokwaneliseka kwezakhamuzi ngemva kweminyaka emibili, uma kuqhathaniswa nemisebenzi efanayo nokuncishwana okuncane.

Amaqembu eprojekthi kufanele abike obala lemiphumela “emiphumela yemiphumela ye-” efushanisiwe yasikhathi sonke, ebonisa ukuthi ukutshala i-PR ephakathi komphakathi kwaveza inani elibonakalayo. Lokhu kubonakala ngokwako kuqinisa ukwethembana.

Ukunqoba Izinselele Ezivamile

Naphezu kwezinhloso ezinhle kakhulu, i-PR ephakathi komphakathi ibhekene nezithiyo. Ukungathembani okujulile okuvela ezinkingeni zesikhathi esidlule (ukudutshulwa, ukuxhashazwa kwezindawo ezidumile, ukuphulwa kwezithembiso) kudinga isineke. Kungase kuthathe izinyanga noma iminyaka ukuthembisana okungaguquguquki, okunenhlonipho ngaphambi kokuba izakhamuzi ezingabazanga zihlanganyele. Ukuhlobana komphakathi okunolwazi olunamandla okuye kwathuthukisa ukwakhiwa kokwethemba.

Amahemuhemu angasakazeka ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi kuwezokuxhumana noma ngemifelandawonye. Icebo elisheshayo lokuthumela imiyalezo eligunyaziwe, abantu ababizwa ngokuthi abakhulumayo, kanye nenethiki lozakwabo abathenjwayo, liqukethe ukulandisa okungamanga ngaphambi kokuba kwamukelwe.

Ukungalingani kwamandla kagesi ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi imithombo yokuthuthukisa idlula leyo yamaqembu omphakathi, okwenza kube nzima ukulondoloza ukulingana. Ukumisa umphakathi noma isisekelo esinikeza ukuxhasa usizo oluzimele lwezakhamuzi (umz., ukuqasha ipulani yazo noma ummeli) kunganciphisa inkundla yokudlala. Ngokufanayo, ukufuna ukuthuthukisa umphakathi kuzuzisa izivumelwano noma izivumelwano zokuthuthukisa okungalinganiyo kuqinisekisa ukuthi umphakathi uvuna imivuzo eqinile yokuhlanganyela kwawo.

Okokugcina, ukukhathala kungaqala lapho imisebenzi inwebeka iminyaka. Ukugcina amandla ephezulu kudinga izenzakalo ezivamile ezibonakalayo ``a moral's direct, umcimbi obulala inhlabathi, umcimbi wezivingco wokugubha ukuqeda ukwakhiwa. Ukugubha amancane kulondoloza umfutho futhi kukhumbuza wonke umuntu lokho asebenzela ukukwenza.

Isiphetho

Imisebenzi yokuvuselela ezindaweni zasedolobheni ingathuthukisa kakhulu indawo, kodwa kuphela uma abantu abahlala kuyo bengabasizi abakhuthele, bengasamukeli. Ubudlelwane bomphakathi obuphakathi nomphakathi abunenezelwa; yisiyalo esiyisisekelo esithinta imiphumela eqondile yemisebenzi, izindleko, nokungalingani. Ngokushintshashintsha, ukulaleli okuqotho, nokuzibandakanya nokusebenza ngokubambisana kuzo zonke izigaba, uma nje behlela ukuhlelwa kweposi-imfundo. Abakhi bomphakathi abakhombayo namalungu omphakathi angakha ukwethenjwa okudingekile ukuze kuvuleke izinselele zezulu, futhi agweme amaphutha enkathini okungatshazwayo ngaphambili. Enkathini yokungabaza okukhulayo ngentuthuko enkulu, isiqinisekiso esikhulu sempumelelo, isiqinisekiso sempumelelo esiqinile esinomuzwa wokuthi kuyahlonishwa, sihlonishwa, sizwa, futhi sigunyaziwe.