Inani Lezindawo Ezisemaphandleni Nezikude

Lokhu kubalwa kungaphezu nje kokubaluleka kwabantu abavamile; isisekelo lapho kwakhiwa khona izinkulungwane zezigidi zamaRandi ekuxhaseni kwezezimali zikahulumeni, ukumelelwa kwezombangazwe, nokuhlelwa komphakathi. Kubantu abahlala emaphandleni nasezindaweni ezikude, lapho abantu bembalwa futhi bedinga izinto ezinkulu, ukubalwa kwabantu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma imikhaya yakulezifunda ingabalwanga, imiphumela ebangelwa yize — izikole ezigcwele phansi, izikhungo zempilo ezinganele, izakhiwo zezezenhlalakahle, nezwi elibuthakathaka kakhulu kwezombangazwe. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuthi kungani ukuthatha iqhaza ngokunembile ekubaleni abantu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nasezindaweni ezikude, imingcele eyingqayizivele ibhekene, futhi amasuntweza ekwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu ungabalwa.

Njalo eminyakeni eyishumi, i-United States Census Bureau igunyaza ukubala wonke umuntu ohlala kulelizwe. Ukwaziswa okuqoqiwe kuhlela ukusakazwa konyaka ngezimali zikahulumeni ezingaphezu kukaR3,5 zigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zemali zezinhlelo ezinjenge-Medicaid, i-Someral Nutrition Impation Program (SNAP), ukuhlelwa kwemigwaqo emikhulu, nemfundo yasemaphandleni inikeza imvume. Kubantu basemaphandleni abahlala emideni kakade abahlala ezinhlangothini ezimhlophene, ukulinganiselwa okungaphansi kwemali kungasho ukulahlekelwa ukusekela okubalulekile okusekela izomnotho nendawo yasekhaya nempilo yomphakathi. Nokho, naphezu kwalezizindawo eziphakeme zasemaphandleni kuye kwabonisa izinga lokuzilawula ngokwamanani uma kuqhathaniswa namadolobhabhulobha. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka — futhi kuvumelana kanjani — kubalulekile ekwakheni eliphakathi.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuhlobana okuqondile phakathi kokwaziswa kokubala nokuqoqwa kwezindawo, izikhala ezibonisa abantu abambalwa, izithiyo eziyingqayizivele ezibhekene nemikhaya ekude, kanye namasu afakazelwe abhebhethekisa ukuthatha isinyathelo kubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinzima.

Indlela Imininingwane Yezibalo Eshintsha Ngayo Izimali Zezindawo Zasemaphandleni

Ukusebenzisa Imishini Nezibalo Zenani Labantu

Izinhlangano ezizimele zincike ekubaleni inani labantu ezilinganisela ukuba zinike izimali ezinikezwayo kanye nezindlela zokuxhasa amazwe nezindawo. Izinhlelo ezinjenge- Umbuso Wezezimali , iCommunity Development Block Grants [, futhi [i-MEdicaprotigatetic Sreviate Move Sreave Sre Laviving Shouse [ isebenzisa ulwazi lwenani labantu ukuze kuthole ukuthi indawo ngayinye yamukela kangakanani. Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, lapho intela ivame ukuboshwa ngemibambo elinganiselwe noma ngemvelo, ukulahlekelwa ngisho nenani elincane lokuxhasa imali eliyifaneleyo, lungathola imiphumela eYunivesithilini yase-George ngo-20% yezigidi nje zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zasemaphandleni.

Ngokwesibonelo, I-Infow Home Energy Application Program (LIHEAP), esiza amakhaya asemaphandleni ukuba athole ukufudumala nokupholisa, anike imali esekelwe ekubaleni kwabantu. Uma isifunda sasemaphandleni singabalwanga kakhulu, imikhaya efanelekayo ingabhekana nemithwalo yamandla aphezulu. Ngokufanayo, i-National School Lunch Program[ isebenzisa ukwaziswa kokubala ukuze kubonwe izindawo eziphakeme ezinswela, futhi inciphisa inani lezikole ezifanelekela izinhlelo zezokudla. Ukuhlobana kanye nempilo kanye kanye kanye kanye nokuhlala komphakathi kungulwe ngami.

Izakhiwo Negebe Lenkonzo Emiphakathini Ekude

Izindawo zasemaphandleni zivame ukulwa nezakhiwo zokuguga — imigwaqo, amabhuloho, izimiso zamanzi, nezimiso ezibanzi. Ukwaziswa kokubalwa kusiza uhulumeni nohulumeni ukuba bahlele imisebenzi emisiwe. I-Infractive Informationment and Jobs Act ka-2021], ngokwesibonelo, kusebenzisa imininingwane yabantu esukela ekubaleni abantu ngokweminyaka ephakathi ukuze kunike imali yentuthuko yomgwaqo, ukwanda kwemigwaqwe, nemisebenzi yamanzi ehlanzekile. Uma imiphakathi yasemaphandleni incipha, isengozini yokuncishiswa kulokhu kuhlaziswe.

Ukunakekela impilo kuyinto ebucayi. Izibhedlela zasemaphandle zisebenza emaceleni amancane, futhi ukukwazi kwazo izinhlelo ezifana ne- i-Access service Hospital isiqu se-[ ixhomeke emiqulwini yeziguli ethathwe emininingwaneni yokubalwa kwabantu. Ukungalinganiswa kungaholela ekuvalweni kwesibhedlela, kuphoqelele izakhamuzi ukuba zihambe amabanga amade ukuze zinakeke. Izinkonzo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, ukuthutha umphakathi kwasebe abadala, kanye nemithombo yezempilo yengqondo konke kuxhomeke ezilinganisweni ezinembile zabantu. Ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela ngokugcwele, lezi zibhekene nemisebenzi zingaholela ekuvalweni kwesibhedlela, ziphoqeleleka izakhamuzi ukuba zihambe amabanga amade ukuze zinakeke.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwaziswa kokubala kusetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya isidingo sezindlu ezithengwayo emaphandleni. UMnyango we- U.S. wezinhlelo ze-Falgriculture Development [ unikeza imali yokuboleka nokukhokhela izindlu, izakhiwo zomphakathi, nentuthuko yezebhizinisi. Uma kuqiniseki ukuthi kulindelekile, kumele kube nezindlu ezimbalwa, izikhungo zomphakathi ezimbalwa, namathuba amancane ezomnotho emikhayeni yasemaphandleni.

Ukumelela Kwezombangazwe Nengozi Yokuthula

Ukuklanywa Nokubuyiselwa Kwezinsimbi

Ukubalwa kwabantu kunquma ngokuqondile ukuthi zingaki izihlalo isifundazwe ngasinye esihlala e-U.S. inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-odation. Amazwe athola ukukhula kwenani labantu azuza izihlalo, kuyilapho labo abanezihlalo ezisohlakele noma abalahlekelwa izihlalo. Ezizweni, ukwaziswa kokubala abantu kusetshenziselwa ukudweba izigodi zikahulumeni esifundazweni nasemasimini. Emiphakathini yasemaphandleni, le nqubo ilandelana kakhulu. Uma isifunda sasemaphandleni sincipha, inani labantu laso lincipha, futhi izifunda zingadonswa ukuze zihlukane noma zinciphise amazwi asemaphandleni. Umphumela ukunciphisa amandla ezombangazwe ngenxa yezindaba zezindawo eziningi, njengalezindawo, ezolimo, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, nokunakekelwa kwempilo yasemaphandleni.

Kulelo zinga lendawo, ukubalwa kwemininingwane kuthinta izifunda zesikole, imingcele yesifunda sesifunda, nokubuswa kwesifunda esikhethekile. Isilinganiso esingalinganiswa ukuthi izakhamuzi zasemaphandleni zingamelelwa izikhulu ezingaziboneli ngezidingo zazo ezikhethekile. Lokhu akuyona nje into ecatshangelwayo — ngemva kokubalwa kwabantu ngo-2010, izibalo eziningi zasemaphandleni eNingizimu nase-Midwest zatholakala ukuthi zinenani eliphansi kakhulu elingaphezu kwa 5%, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okungachazeki kwemithetho esemthethweni ezindaweni zombuso.

Ithonya Lokuncintisana Kwamavolontiya

Izindawo eziningi zikahulumeni zisebenzisa indlela ehlanganisa izibalo zomphakathi kanye nobumpofu. Imiphakathi yasemaphandleni ivame ukuncintisana nezindawo zasemadolobheni ukuze ithole imali efanayo. Uma imininingwane yokubalwa kwabantu ibala inani labantu basemaphandleni, amazinga obumpofu kulezozindawo abonakala ephansi kakhulu, okwenza ukuba incintisane naleyo miphakathi egcwele abantu abampofu. Lokhu kudala umjikelezo ophambene: izindawo ezidinga kakhulu ezidinga usizo zibonakala ziswele kakhulu ephepheni futhi ngenxa yalokho zithola ukusekelwa okuncane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- American Community Survey [[ACS:1], ehlelwa njalo ngonyaka futhi encike ekubaleni abantu ngokwendawo eyisisekelo sayo, inikeza ukwaziswa okulawula isimiso sezomnotho okuqondisa uhlelo lwendawo. Izibalo eziphansi kumanani abantu amanani amanani ahlukene zilinganisela i-ACS iminyaka eminingi ezayo, okuhlanganisa inhlekelele yemiphakathi yasemaphandleni engaphansi.

Izithiyo Zokubalwa Kwabantu Ezindaweni Ezikude

Ukutholakala Kwe - Internet Ngokuhlukana Kwamanani Nokulinganiselwa

Ngo-2020, i-Census Bureau yakhuthaza ukusabela kuyi-Intanethi njengendlela eyinhloko yokuqeda ukubala. Nokho, izindawo zasemaphandleni nezikude zithinteka kakhulu ngokuhlukanisa amanani. Ngokwe-Federal Communications Commission, amaMelika asemaphandleni angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu - 14 awakwazi ukungena kuyi-intanethi ebanzi ye-intanethi ye-Bank. Ezindaweni eziningi ezikude, ukushukuma kwamangqamuzana akunakwethenjelwa noma akukho. Kula makhaya, indlela yokusebenzisa i-intanethi ayitholakali.

Ngisho noma i-intanethi ikhona, ingathatha kancane noma ibiza kakhulu, iqedele ukubalwa kwabantu. Ukutholakala kwemishini kubuye kube yisithiyo — akuyona yonke indlu enemfono-mfono, isibhebhe noma i-computer. Kubantu abadala, ukufunda imishini kungancipha, okwenza ukuba i-inthanethi ibonakale iyesabeka noma idida. Ukushintshela ekuphenduleni kuqala kwabangela ukuba abantu basemaphandleni bathathe igebe okwakudingeka ukuba banqobe kulo mshini neposi, okuthi bona ngokwabo babhekane nezithiyo phakathi nobhadaba.

Izithiyo Zesayensi Yendawo Nezobuciko

Izindawo zasemaphandleni zinkulu futhi zisakazeke. Izibalo, ezibizwa nangokuthi ama-conomer, zinomthwalo wemfanelo wemikhaya evakashile engasabeli ngeposi, ngocingo, noma nge-intanethi. Ezindaweni ezikude, abadwebi bangadinga ukuhamba amabanga amade ngemigwaqo engalungiswanga, ngokuvamile ezimweni zezulu ezinzima. Izindleko nesikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe umkhaya ngamunye ziphakeme kakhulu kunezindawo ezisemadolobheni. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhambela okulandelana akucaci kakhulu, futhi eminye imizi ayifiki nhlobo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakheli amaningi asemaphandleni antula amakheli avamile emigwaqweni noma asemaceleni emigwaqo, okwenza kube nzima ngabadwebi bawo ukuthola ukuthi akhona. Ukuthunyelwa kweposi kungaba yibhokisi le-P.O. kunoma iliphi ikheli, kubangele ukuba kube nzima ukuthumela abantu abahlukahlukene. Lezi zimo ezithinta amadolobhana zisho ukuthi izakhamuzi zasemaphandleni zicishe ziphunywe kakhulu ekubalweni, ngisho nalapho zifuna ukuhlanganyela.

Izithiyo Zolimi, Zokufunda Nokuthembana

Imiphakathi yasemaphandleni e-United States iyikhaya labantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise nezisebenzi zasemapulazini nemikhaya yabo. Izakhamuzi eziningi zikhuluma ezinye izilimi ngaphandle kwesiNgisi, futhi izinto zokubala abantu zingase zingatholakali ngolimi lwazo oluyinhloko. Ngisho nalapho zikhona, amazinga okuhumusha nokubhala angadala inselele. Ukwesaba ukuqoqwa kwemininingwane kahulumeni kungomunye wesithiyo esikhulu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangabhaliwe noma emikhayeni exubeneyo. Naphezu kwesivikelo esingokomthetho esivimbela i-Censubre Bureaunity ukuba ihambisane nomthetho, ukwesaba ukudingiswa noma imiphumela engokomthetho kungavimbela ukuthatha igalelo.

Emiphakathini yamaNative aseMelika nase-Alaska, ukulimala okungokomlando nokungathembani kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni kudala imigoqo eyengeziwe. Amazwe amaningi esizwe ahlukaniswa njengezwe elinzima, futhi amazinga okusabela angaphansi kakhulu kwe-averse. Ukukwazi ukuzwa isiko, ukufinyelela ulimi, nokuthatha isinyathelo emphakathini kubalulekile ukuze kwakhe ukwethemba nokuhlanganyela okukhuthazayo.

Izindlela Ezisebenzayo: Ukusabela Okuqhubekayo Kwenani Labantu Emaphandleni Nasezindaweni Ezikude

Ubudlelwane Bomphakathi Nezithunywa Ezithenjwayo

Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuthuthukisa ukuthatha iqhaza ekubaleni abantu, ukuhlanganisa abaholi bomphakathi, abadala besizwe, nezinhlangano zendawo njengezithunywa ezithenjwayo. Abantu bathambekele kakhulu ekusabeleni lapho bezwa umuntu abamaziyo nabamethembayo. Kunyaka ka - 2020 wokubala abantu, ukubambisana nemitholampilo yasemaphandleni, amasonto, izikole, nokubambisana kwezolimo kwandisa ukuqapha nokwehlisa ukwesaba. Abaholi bendawo bangachaza ukubaluleka kokubala abantu, baxoshe izinganekwane, futhi basize ekuqedeni lefomu.

Kumaqembu esizwe, ukubambisana nohulumeni besizwe nezinkonzo zezempilo kuye kwabonakala kubucayi. I-Census Bureau isebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Tribal Concation olusebenza ngokuqondile nezizwe eziqashelwa uhulumeni ukuze zithuthukise ukufinyelela okungokobukhomba. Uma amalungu esizwe ehilelekile kule nqubo, amazinga okusabela athuthuka kakhulu.

Ukuvela kwemithombo yezindaba yengosi ehlukahlukene: Imithombo yezindaba yendawo, i Network yezokuxhumana, kanye nezenzakalo

Izindawo zasemaphandleni zivame ukuhlobana kakhulu nemithombo yezindaba yendawo — amaphephandaba, iziteshi, kanye namabhodi ezindaba zomphakathi. Le misakazo ingaba amathuluzi anamandla okuthuthukisa ukubala abantu. Imikhankaso yemisakazo yezilimi zendawo, izihloko ezikhuluma ngamasonto asemaphandleni, nezimemezelo ezisezigcawini zomphakathi (njengezezezentengiselwano zezifunda nemfuyo) zingafinyelela izakhamuzi okunzima ukufinyelela ngokukhangisa kwezwe. Amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana angokwezenhlalakahle asetshenziswa kakhulu emiphakathini yasemaphandleni ezindaweni zomphakathi nasezindabani, okwenza ukuba ziphumelele ekufuneni izikhangiso.

Ngo-2020, i-Census Bureau yasebenzisa izikhangiso ze-geographic ezifakwe ezixhumeni ukuze ifinyelele izikhombi zasemaphandleni, futhi izinhlangano zendawo zafaka izenzakalo zokubalwa kwabantu emitatsheni, emahhovisi eposi, nasemahholo edolobha. Ukulungiselela izinto zokuhamba ukuya ezikhungweni zokusiza abantu basiza ekunqobeni izithiyo zendawo. Ukumisa i-Quescopective Alfact Kiosks[ emabhizinisini endawo noma ezikhungweni zomphakathi kwanikeza izakhamuzi indawo yokuthola usizo nge-inthaneti.

Amakhithi Ezimoto Nosizo Olungaphakathi

Kumakhaya angenayo i-Internet, amathuluzi okubala abantu ahambayo anezifomu zamaphepha, iziyalezo, kanye nezimvilophu ezikhokhelwayo zingasakazwa ngamalungu omphakathi. Ezindaweni ezikude lapho ukuthunyelwa kweposi kungaguquguquki, lamathuluzi angahanjiswa emibuthanweni yomphakathi noma adluliselwe yizisebenzi zokuzithandela. Indlela ye-Censures Bureaues i-Scop /S indlela, lapho abafaki amafomu emakhaya angayitholi i-imeyili ekheli, ibalulekile ekufinyeleleni amakhaya asemaphandleni.

Usizo olusuka ku-okanye luwusizo kakhulu kakhulu kuzakhamuzi ezikhulile kanye nakulabo abangafundile. Ukuba nomsizi oqeqeshiwe ohamba phakathi kwemibuzo kunganciphisa amaphutha futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi wonke amalungu asekhaya ahlanganisiwe. Amashaneli ahambayo ahlonyiswe ama-laptop namachashaza ashisayo eWi-Fi angaya ezindaweni ezikude, anikeze kokubili ukufinyelela kobuchwepheshe nokusekela komuntu.

Ukuhlasela Nemikhankaso Eqhubekayo

Nakuba i-Census Bureau inganikezi izisusa eziqondile ezingokwezimali zokuhlanganyela, ezinye izinhlangano zendawo ziye zasebenzisa amaraffles, amakhadi ezipho, noma imiklomelo yomphakathi ukuze zikhuthaze ukusabela. Ihloselwe imikhankaso yokulandela izingcingo, kuhlanganise nezingcingo, amaposidi, nokugobhoza emnyango, kungathuthukisa kakhulu amazinga okusabela. Kunyaka ka-202020, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Resples Non-Response Last Up [NRFU][FU] imisebenzi esemaphandleni yaphazanyiswa umqeda wobhadane, kodwa izifundo ezifundileyo ziye zaholela ekuthuthukiseni ukuhlelwa kokuhlelwa ngokulandelana komsebenzi.

Kulenkathi yokubalwa kwabantu engu - 2030, abasekeli basemaphandleni bafuna ukuba kube nokusetshenziswa kwemali okunamandla kwezemisebenzi, kuhlanganise nabaphathi bezibalo ababekwe ngaphambi kokuba baqashwe kanye nokukhetha kokuqashwa kwendawo. Ukugcizelela inzuzo eyimfihlo neyomphakathi yokubalwa kwabantu ngokubhala imiyalezo njalo kungasiza ekunqandeni ukungathembani.

Isenzo Esicindezelisayo Sokubala Okuphelele

Indima Yohulumeni Bendawo Ne - NGO

Ohulumeni bendawo ezindaweni zasemaphandleni bangathatha indima esebenzayo ngokwenza i-Complete contry Count Makomiti ehlanganisa imizamo yokuhlanganisa izinhlangano eziningi nezinhlangano. Lamakomiti angahlukanisa izindawo eziqinile ezihlala abantu, anikeze izimali zokuhamba nokuhumusha, futhi athumele izisebenzi zokuzithandela emphakathini. Ukubambisana nezingazuzisi zempilo zasemaphandleni, amabhange okudla, nezisekelo zomphakathi kuqinisa umyalezo futhi kunikeze ukusekela komphakathi.

Ohulumeni bombuso bafeza indima futhi ngokuxhasa ngezimali imikhankaso yokuthola inzuzo, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini yesizwe nemingcele. Eminye imibuso iye yamisa umthetho ofuna ukuba ukuba inani labantu liqaliswe ngezilimi eziningi futhi ukuthi izindlela zokuthatha ama-track zikhona emaphandleni asemaphandleni. Imininingwane yendawo engokokubalwa kwabantu ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza inqubo esekelwe kubufakazi eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo.

Izimiso Ezituswayo Zokubalwa Kwesikhathi Esizayo

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlanganyela ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nezikude, kufanele kucatshangelwe izinguquko eziningana ezingokwezimiso:

  • Ukuhlanganisa ukufinyelela kobubanzi: Ukuvala igebe lenombolo kuyisinyathelo esisodwa esinemiphumela enkulu ekunikezeni ukusabela nge-inthanethi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni.
  • Ukuxhasa ngemali okufakiweyo kwemisebenzi yasemasimini: Izidwebi eziningi, izimoto, nokuqasha indawo kuzosiza ekufinyeleleni emakhaya akude.
  • Izinhlelo zobungane obuqinile: Ukuxhasa okunokwethenjelwa kwezindawo eziphumayo zesizwe nasemaphandleni kuqinisekisa ukuthi izithunywa ezithenjwayo zingasebenza unyaka wonke.
  • Imibuzo incishisiwe: Izindlela ezilula, ezicacile zinciphisa ukwenqaba nokudideka.
  • Indlela yokusabela exubile: iphutha ephepheni noma okhelini locingo lwekheli elifinyelelwe ngenkani ukufinyeza ngo-'be-ifing'o-fit'.

Ukutusa okulandelayo, uma kwenziwa, kuyosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi awukho umphakathi osele esikhathini esizayo sokufa.

Isiphetho: Wonke Umuntu Uyabazisa

Lokhu kubalwa kuyithuba elikhona langempela lokuba imiphakathi yasemaphandleni nekude ifune ingxenye yayo egcwele yezimali, ukumelelwa, nezinkonzo. Uma ingxenye iphansi, wonke umphakathi uyahlupheka — hhayi nje unyaka, kodwa iminyaka eyishumi kuze kube yilapho kuphinda kuphinda kuhlalwa abantu. Imingcele ingokoqobo, kodwa ayinamandla. Ngokuthola inzuzo yenhloso, ukutshala izimali nezisebenzi, kanye nesibopho sokwakha ukwethembana, yonke indlu ingabalwa.

Kubantu basemaphandleni, ukugcwalisa lokhu kubalwa kuyisici sokuzinqumela. Ilandisa indaba yomphakathi: ubukhulu bawo, izidingo zawo, izinto eziza kuqala. Lendaba ihlela izinqumo zezimiso kusukela eWashington kuya ekhonweni lesifundazwe. Ngokuhlanganyela, amaMelika asemaphandleni aqinisekisa ukuthi izwi lawo lizwakala lizwakala licacile. Kubenzi bemithetho nabasekeli bomthetho umsebenzi wokwenza ukuthatha isinyathelo kube lula nokuphepha ngangokunokwenzeka. Umgomo uwubala ophelele obonisa izinhlobonhlobo zeqiniso namandla empilweni yasemaphandleni.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngemininingwane yokubala nokuxhasa imali emaphandleni, hlola Census Bureau’s i-test yasemaphandleni amanani angaphansi ne Inkonzo yezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano elungiselelwe abantu basemaphandleni [[[[FLT:]]. Imithombo eyengeziwe yokubala amasiko angcono kakhulu ikhona kulokhu kuhlola [[FLT:]] nakuwo wonke ama-CYCYS kanye ne[FLT]RC'S'ssss's transfort-ircedto-mmage-foreat .]