Isingeniso: Isizathu Sokuba Isivumelwano Sihlanganyele Ezokubusa Ngentando Yeningi

Isivumelwano se-CBIC sokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo kwezakhamuzi emiphakathini yazo naseburhulumenteni, `igazi eliyigazi lanoma yimuphi uhulumeni onempilo. Kudlulela ngalé kokufaka i-collat nge-Ecompution Day; kuhlanganisa yonke into kusukela ekuyeni emihlanganweni yesikole ukuze kusebenzele inzuzo yendawo, kusukela ekubhaleni izikhulu ukuba zihlele ukulinda komphakathi. Esimisweni esakhiwe ngamasheke nangamasilinganiselo, lapho amandla ehlukaniswa ngamabomu phakathi kwesikhulu, i-project, namagatsha okwahlulela, isithembiso somphakathi asiwona nje umqondo omuhle ogcina isimiso sithembekile, sisabela, futhi sihambisana nentando yabantu. Ngaphandle kokubopha izakhamuzi, izinhlelo eziphambili zokuhlola nezilinganiso, lapho amandla angenamandla anjalo ahlolwe ukuba anciphe.

Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuhlobana okujulile phakathi kokuhlanganyela komphakathi nokuhlola nokulinganisela komthetho - sisekelo, sihlola izinzuzo nezinselele zanamuhla zokuthembisana, futhi sinikeza amasu awusizo okuqinisa ukuhileleka kwezakhamuzi ekubuseni.

Ukuqonda Isibopho Sokuhlanganyela Kwesigqi: Okungaphezu Kokukhuluma Nje

Ukuthembisana ngesithembiso somshado kunezici eziningi, ngasinye sinikela esikweni eliphambili lentando yeningi.

  • Inkonzo ye-community:[ Ukuvolontiyela izinhlangano zendawo, amapaki okuhlanza, noma ukusiza emabhange okudla kwakha inhloko - dolobha yezenhlalo futhi kukhuthaza umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi.
  • [ Ukucabangela: ukuya emahholo edolobha, ukuhlanganyela ezindlebeni zomkhandlu wedolobha, noma ukujoyina amabhodi okuqondisa izakhamuzi kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba ziveze ukukhathazeka ngokuqondile.
  • Advoceism nezenzo: abamisi-mthetho abaxhumanayo, abasayina izicelo, ukuhlela imibuthano yemihlangano, noma ukusekela izimbangela ngokungakhi nzuzo kuthonya umthetho ngalé kokhetho.
  • Umsebenzi onzima nokuhlanganyela ngokomthetho: Ukukhonza ejajini noma ukunikeza ubufakazi enkantolo yomphakathi kuwukusetshenziswa okuqondile komthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi.
  • [ Ukuthembisana nge-digita: Ukusebenzisa imithombo yezokuxhumana ukuze kusakazwe ukwaziswa, kuthintane nabameleli kuyi-inthanethi, noma ukuthatha ingxenye ekuqululeni kunweba ukufinyelela ukuthatha isinyathelo esingokwesiko.

Ekujuleni kwayo, isithembiso somphakathi sicishe sibe amandla [ ] `inikeza abantu abavamile isosha ezinqumweni ezithinta ukuphila kwabo. Ukucwaninga kwe- Santford Center on Philantropy and Civil Society kubonisa ukuthi imiphakathi enezinga eliphezulu lokuhlanganyela komphakathi ithambekele ekubeni nethemba elingcono kakhulu kwezenhlalo, izinkonzo zomphakathi, kanye nezinhlangano eziqinile.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo: Amagodi Nokulinganisela Njengomsebenzi Wokwengamela Izakhamuzi

UMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S., kanye nezici ezifanayo ezisebuthweni lentando yeningi, umisa isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yiliphi igatsha likahulumeni ukuba libe namandla kakhulu. Isikhulu simisa imithetho, isishaya-mthetho siyayenza, futhi ikomiti yomthetho ichaza. Igatsha ngalinye linezindlela zokulinganisela abanye (njenge-veto ye-demokratial , ukulawulwa kwenhlangano, ukubuswa kwemithetho, nokubukezwa kokwahlulela. Kodwa lo mklamo omangalisayo awuzange uhloselwe ukuba usebenze nge-accompane. Abasunguli beSishayamthetho, ikakhulukazi uJames Madison ngoFevallist No. 51, baphikisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ngokwazo ziyimishini yokugcina embusweni kahulumeni. Ngamazwini: “Ukuthembela kubantu, akungabazeki, ukulawulwa komthetho oyinhloko kuhulumeni”.

Izakhamuzi zingasebenza ngokubambisana.

  • [ Izenzo zobuphathi: Bambe omongameli, ababusi, nomeya abalandisa ngokuhlola imithombo yezindaba, ukubhikisha, nokhetho.
  • Umthetho we-Influence: Abameleli be-Lobby, bafaka ubufakazi ekuqulweni kwecala, futhi bavote abakhi bomthetho abanganakanga abameleli.
  • [ Icebo lokwahlulela linqotshwe: Ukusekela noma ukuphikisa ukumiswa kokwahlulela, futhi ulwele izinguquko eziya ezinyanzweni zasenkantolo.

Umphakathi ongakuqapheli kahle ukungenela kwegatsha elithile, noma lapho igatsha liphula imingcele yalo engokomthetho, awukwazi ukukubona.

Indlela Isivumelwano Esihlola Ngayo Igatsha Eliphethe Iqembu

Igatsha eliphethe igatsha liphethe amandla amakhulu . kusukela ekuyaleni amakhosi ukuba akhiphe iziyalezo zobuphathi. Izakhamuzi zingahlehlisa ukucindezela komphakathi nokucindezela kwemithombo yezindaba . Ngokwesibonelo, ukubophezela okukhulu ezindabeni ezinjengomthetho wesizwe, umthetho wendawo ezungezile, kanye nemibuso yempi kuye kwaphoqelela amongameli ukuba bashintshe indlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abavoti bangasebenzisa ibhokisi lebhola ukuze basuse abaphathi abaxhaphazayo. Brenan Center yeJaji iphawula ukuthi izinhlangano zotshani bezingamele ukuvimbela ukucupha kwezindawo ezinjezwayo.

Izakhamuzi zingathatha izinyathelo eziqondile zokuqulwa kwamacala omphakathi ngemithetho yezinhlangano, ukukhipha izicelo ze - Freedom of Information Act nokuhlanganyela emikhankasweni yokhetho lukamongameli ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi unecala.

Ukuphatha Igatsha Elingokomthetho

Izishaya-mthetho nezishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni ziklanyelwe ukuba igatsha elisabela kakhulu kodwa zisebenza kahle kuphela lapho izakhamuzi zilandisa. IVoter travoted [ i-metric enzima; U.S. Centical Bureau imibiko ehluka kakhulu ngokwezwe nangeqembu lenani, ethinta ngokuqondile imithetho eqhubekeka ngqo. Izakhamuzi ezingase:

  • Hlanganyela njalo nabameleli babo ngezindleko ezibheke emuva.
  • Ukuba khona emahholo asemadolobheni nasemihlanganweni yamakomiti.
  • Gijimela ehhovisi noma ekusekeleni abavumelana nezindinganiso zabo.
  • Hlanganyela ekulinganiseni ukufaneleka kwemithetho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi umelela kahle.

Ngenxa yokuthi igatsha lemithetho lilawula amandla alesi sikhwama, ukuhileleka kwezakhamuzi ekuhleleni izimali zokuzwa nokuchitha imali kukahulumeni kuyindlela enamandla yokuphoqelela ukulandisa.

Ukulandisa Kwegatsha Ngomcimbi

Ijaji livame ukubhekwa njengegatsha elingangeneki kalula, kodwa izakhamuzi zinezixhaka eziningana zethonya. Inkonzo ye-Jury [ iyindlela eqondile yokuhlanganyela; abahluleli benza njengesehlo ekucunuleni abashushisi kanye nasekukhetheni kokwahlulela. Izakhamuzi zingabuye zithathe futhi:

  • Ukunikeza izinkantolo imininingwane emifushane emacalani athakazelisayo emphakathini.
  • Abameleli bokumiswa kokwahlulela noma abamelene nabo ngemikhankaso yomphakathi.
  • Izinhlangano ezisekela amalungelo omphakathi nenkululeko yomthetho - sisekelo.
  • Zibekele imvume yokubhalisa ethinta izinqubo zasenkantolo noma ukuxhasa ngemali.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukhetho lokwahlulela lukahulumeni, futhi kuphiwe impikiswano, nikeza abavoti amazwi aqondile kochaza imithetho. Amaqembu emithetho nezakhamuzi zingasebenzisa izinkantolo ngokwazo ukubekela inselele isikhulu esiphethe noma icebo lomthetho, kubangele ukuvunyelelwa okuqinisa isimiso se-checks kanye nokulinganisela.

Izinzuzo Ezingatholakala Ngokuhlanganyela Izakhamuzi

Isivumelwano somphakathi esisebenzayo siveza izinzuzo ezidlulela ngalé kokulandisa kukahulumeni. Ukucwaninga nokuhlangenwe nakho okungokoqobo kwezwe kubonisa ukuthi imiphakathi enezilinganiso eziphakeme zokuhlanganyela komphakathi ezijabulelayo:

  • Inqubo engcono kakhulu imiphumela:[ Lapho izakhamuzi zihlanganyela, izinqubo zibonisa kangcono izidingo zendawo. Ukuhlolwa kwecala kwe-International Center for Not- for Project Law [ ibonisa ukuthi imiphakathi ekhokhelwe ifeza impilo yomphakathi engcono, ezokuhamba, nezimiso zemfundo.
  • Ukuthembela okukhulu ezinhlanganweni:[ Kuyadida, nakuba ukuthembela kuhulumeni kuphansi jikelele, imiphakathi ekhuthele ehlala umphakathi ivame ukuthemba izinhlangano zendawo, ezithuthukisa ukubambisana nokuthobela imithetho.
  • Ukubambisana kwezenhlalo: ukuhlanganyela ezinkonzweni zomphakathi, ukuzinikela, kanye nemihlangano yomphakathi kwakha ubuhlobo phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene, ukunciphisa ukuhlukana kwezindawo kanye nokuthuthukisa umuzwa wenjongo eyodwa.
  • Ukubekwa kwephimbo eliphansi: Isivumelwano se-CUB] kungakhulisa amazwi amaqembu avame ukunganakwa kwezombangazwe ezingokwesiko] njengeqembu elincane lezinhlanga, inani elithola imali ephansi, nentsha. Lokhu kuholela ekubusweni okungalingani.
  • Inkohlakalo encishisiwe: [[[FLT]] Lapho izakhamuzi zihlola izenzo zikahulumeni, ingozi yokukhohlakala incipha. Izindlela zokubona ngale zifana nokusetshenziswa kwemali okuvulekile kanye namabhodi abaphathi bezakhamuzi zixhomeke ekuthatheni isinyathelo ngokuzikhandla.

Ngokwesibonelo, inqubo yokusebenzisa imali ngokwezigaba, — inqubo yokuhlela ukuhlelwa kwemali — ekwenza izakhamuzi zinqume ngokuqondile ukuthi zizoyisebenzisa kanjani imali yomphakathi emadolobheni amaningi emhlabeni wonke.) Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi kwandisa ukwaneliseka ngezinkonzo zomphakathi futhi kuqinisa amakhono omphakathi.

Izinselele Zanamuhla Zokuhlanganyela Emsebenzini Wobumba

Nakuba kubalulekile, ukuthembisana uhulumeni kubhekene nokuncipha okukhulu ekhulwini lama - 21.

Ukuhlanekezelwa Kwezombangazwe Nokunganaki

AmaMelika amaningi azizwa edumele kwezombangazwe, ekholelwa ukuthi izwi lawo alibalulekile. Lokhu kunganaki kubangelwa ukuhlanekezelwa okukhulu, lapho ukuhlukanisa kweqembu kwenza ukuhlehla kubonakale kungenakwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, cishe 50-60% kuphela yabavoti abafanelekayo abahlanganyela kukhetho lukamongameli, kanye namavoti ambalwa kakhulu emincintiswaneni yendawo. Isikhungo sokucwaninga siye saphawula ukuncipha okuqhubekayo kokuthemba uhulumeni, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezizukulwane ezincane, ezivame ukuphendukela ekuthatheni i-galelo le-mmustry ngaphandle kwemijaho engokwesiko kunokuba zingene nesimiso ngokwaso.

Izithiyo Zezomnotho Nezokwakha

Ukuphambanisa kudinga isikhathi somsebenzi, ukukwazi ukuya ezindaweni zokuvota, nokubhalisa − i-obstacles ethinta ngokungenakulinganiswa izakhamuzi ezithola imali ephansi, abantu abanombala, kanye nalabo abakhubazekile. Ngokufanayo, ukuya ehholo ledolobha nge 7 PM ngesonto kunzima kubazali abasebenza imisebenzi eminingi. Imingcele yolimi, ukuntuleka kwezinto zokuhamba, kanye nokungena okulinganiselwe kuyi-Internet kususa abaningi ekuhlanganyeleni.

Ukwaziswa Okuningi Nokungaqondi

Inkathi yezokuxhumana iye yabangela ukukhula kokwaziswa okunganembile noma okudukisayo. Izakhamuzi zizama ukuhlukanisa izindaba ezinokwethenjelwa nenkulumo ephambanayo, futhi izinqubo zezokuxhumana ngokuvamile zibangela ukuhlukanisa okuphakathi. Lokhu kungaholela ekugxekweni noma, ngokuphambene, ezimweni ezingathi sína ezenza ukuxoxa kube nzima. Umthamo omkhulu wokwaziswa ungabangela futhi ukukhathala [, lapho abantu bezizwa bekhungathekile futhi bephelelwa amandla khona ngokuphelele.

Ukuhlanekezela Imfundo Yesibalo

Izikole eziningi ziye zanciphisa imfundo yomphakathi, zishiya intsha ingajwayelene nendlela uhulumeni osebenza ngayo, indlela yokuxhumana nabameleli, noma ngisho nezisekelo zamasheke nezilinganiso. Ngokwe-American Bar Association, cishe ingxenye kuphela yezifunda ezifuna izifundo zezemfundo yezemfundo ephakeme. Ngaphandle kolwazi oluyisisekelo, izakhamuzi azinakusebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo amalungelo azo.

Amasu Okuqinisa Isivumelwano Sesigqi

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, kunamasu aqinisekisiwe okuvuselela ukuhlanganyela komphakathi futhi enze isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela sisebenze ngendlela ehlosiwe.

Zisekele Emfundweni Yezigaba Ngazo Zonke Izinga

Kusukela ezikoleni eziyisisekelo kuya ezinhlelweni zokufundisa abantu abadala, ukufundisa izimiso zedemokrasi − kuhlanganise nokuhlola nokulinganisela (nesidingo). i-Curcula kufanele ithathe ngalé kokucasha futhi ihlanganise imisebenzi yezandla-kanye nokuhlola okungathandeki, amahholo edolobha, kanye nemisebenzi yomphakathi elungisa izinkinga. Inzuzo engakhokhi njenge izisekelo zentando yeningi [ inikeza imithombo yamahholo ekhululekile eyenza ukufunda kube nengxenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalayibhulali kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi zingangenisa amashadishishishini endlela ezokuhamba kumawebhulobhusayithi kahulumeni, izikhulu, nokuqonda izinyathelo.

Izithiyo Eziphansi Zokuhlanganyela

Ohulumeni bangenza ukuvota kube lula ngokubhalisa okuzenzekelayo, ngokuvota kwasekuqaleni, ngokubhalisa iposi, nangokubhalisa usuku olulodwa. Izindawo kufanele zenze imihlangano ngezikhathi ezihlukene futhi zinikeze izindlela zokuya. Ukunikeza izingane ukunakekelwa, abatoliki bolimi, kanye nokuhamba kungahlanganisa namaqembu ahlukene ngokomlando. Izinyathelo ezilula njengokuwenza lula amafomu okubhalisa nokuhlela izinsuku zokuvota kanye nezimpelasonto nazo zithuthukisa ukuvuleka.

Ubuchwepheshe Be - levercage Bokungahlangani Nokubona Ingaphandle

Amathuluzi emishini angathuthukisa ukuthembisana komphakathi uma esetshenziswa ngokucophelela. Ama-Platform anje i-OpenConfor (manje iGovTrack) avumela izakhamuzi ukuba zilandele imithetho kanye nokuxhumana nabameleli. Ohulumeni bomuzi bangathumela amatheku kuyi-inthanethi ukuze kutholakale uhlelo lwemali, ivumele, futhi izicelo zenkonzo. Izezomphakathi zingaba ithuluzi lokuhlanganyela, kodwa iziyalezo ze-algorings maziklanywe ukuhlela imithombo ethembekile. Imithombo yezindaba yasendaweni ehlanganisa imihlangano kahulumeni ngesikhathi sangempela nayo idlala indima ebalulekile.

Ukuxhumana Kwangaphandle Kokungefani

Izinyathelo ezinjengokuvota okungenacala, imihlangano yezakhamuzi, nezingxoxo zomphakathi kuhlanganisa amaqembu ahlukene ukuze kuxoxwe ngezindaba eziphikisanayo. Lezi zimo, ngokuvamile ezilula, zisiza abantu ukuba bathole isisekelo esifanayo futhi baqonde imibono ephikisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i- i-Healith Democracy [ inhlangano yenza iziVumiso ze-Zintuke ezinikeza abavoluleki ulwazi olulinganiselwe. Izindawo ezinjalo zivuselela ukuthembana futhi zenza izivumelwano zomphakathi zibe ngcono kakhulu.

Ukusekela Izinhlangano Zomthofu Nabaholi Bendawo

Izivumelwano zomphakathi eziphumelela kakhulu zivame ukuvela endaweni yomphakathi. Ohulumeni nokusizana kufanele bafake imali ezinhlanganweni ezibhalisa abavoti, izitimela, futhi bahlele imisebenzi yendawo. Ukukhuthaza ukuboleka ngokuzithandela ngezikweletu zenkonzo, izinhlelo zokuqashelwa, nokuhlela okuvumelana nezimo kungandisa ukuhlanganyela. Abaholi bendawo (jengezibalo zenkolo, abanikazi besitolo, nabafundisi) bakhonza njengezithunywa ezithenjwayo zokusakaza ulwazi lomphakathi.

Isiphetho: Umsebenzi Oqhubekayo Wentando Yeningi

Isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela sinamandla njengezakhamuzi ezisiqapheyo. Abasunguli baqonda ukuthi akukho umthetho-sisekelo olotshiwe ongaqinisekisa inkululeko uma abantu bengenandaba. Namuhla, njengoba idemokrasi emhlabeni wonke ibhekene nezinsongo ezibangelwa ukukhushulelwa kwempoqo, ukukhushulwa kwemithetho eqinile, nokudina, isidingo sokuhlanganyela kwekhono lomphakathi asikaze sibe sikhulu. Ngokuvota, ngokusebenza enkantolo, ngokukhuluma ezindlebeni, ngokusebenza ngokuzithandela, nangokuhlala unolwazi, isakhamuzi ngasinye siba i-ehlolo oluphilayo emandleni. Umsebenzi wentando yeningi awuphelishwa ngo-$11) kodwa ngokuthembisana, singaqinisekisa ukuthi ukulinganisela.

Isithembiso somshado asiwona umthwalo; liyilungelo nomthwalo. Siguqula abantu basuke besaba abakhi abakhuthele abasebenza ndawonye emphakathini wabo. Futhi ezweni lezinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi, siseyithuluzi lethu elinamandla kakhulu lokwakha uhulumeni obonisa ngempela intando yabantu. Masiphinde sibambelele ekusebenziseni inqubo ebalulekile yesizwe, hhayi nje amalungelo ethu kodwa futhi nesimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela okuwalondolozayo.