Table of Contents

Isingeniso: Okwenza Intela Ibaluleke Kuzo Zonke Izakhamuzi

Intela ayisona nje isibopho esingokwezimali esibekwa nguhulumeni; isisekelo somphakathi osebenzayo. Yonke imigwaqo, isikole, isibhedlela, nenkonzo yokuphepha yomphakathi ixhomeke eminikelweni ehlangene yezakhamuzi namabhizinisi. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokukhokha izintela kusiza abantu ukuba babone ngalé komthwalo ophuthumayo futhi baqaphele indima enkulu abayenzayo ekusekeleni umphakathi ube ngcono, ukuqina kwezomnotho, nentuthuko yesizwe. Lesiqondiso sihlola isimo sentela, imisebenzi yabo engokwezenhlalakahle, kanye nezinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokukhokhwanywa kwesakhamuzi.

Iyini Intela?

Intela iyintela ebophekile ekhokhwa ohulumeni ngabanye, ezinkampanini, nakweminye izinhlangano. Ziyindlela eyinhloko ohulumeni abaphakamisa ngayo inzuzo ukuze kuxhaswe izindleko zomphakathi. Intela ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezibanzi: intela eqondile (njengentela ekhokhelwayo nempahla) kanye nentela engaqondile (njengentela yokuthengwa kwentela nentela eyongeziwe). Ukuhlelwa kwesimiso sentela kungaqhubekela phambili (amazinga aphakeme emali eholweni edonswayo), ukubuyiselwa (umthwalo ophezulu ohhanjisiwe ngeholo eliphansi), noma (isilinganiso esilinganayo). Uhlobo ngalunye lufeza injongo ethile ekuqoqweni kwenkongozo nemithetho yemali. Ngokwesibonelo, intela ekhokhelwayo eqhubekayo ukulinganiselayo, kuyilapho ukukhokha intela ekhuthaza ukukhokhwakhwaswa kwemali kanye nokutshala.

Indima Yentela Emphakathini

Intela ixhasa izinsika eziyinhloko zokuphila kwanamuhla. Ngaphandle kwentela, ohulumeni ngeke bakwazi ukunikeza izakhamuzi izinkonzo nsuku zonke. Ngezansi kunezindawo eziyinhloko ezisekelwa yintela, futhi kunezici ezinwetshiwe ezibonisa indlela ngamunye asiza ngayo ekuthuthukiseni inhlalakahle yabantu.

Imfundo

Imfundo yomphakathi esukela enkulisa kuya eyunivesithi incike kakhulu emalini yentela. Intela yothisha, izakhiwo zesikole, izinto zokufundisa, nezinhlelo zosizo lwabafundi. Ngokwesibonelo, uhulumeni we-U.S. unikezela ngezigidi zezigidi minyaka yonke ukuze zikhokhe izikole ezikhokhelwayo eziphansi kanye namaPall Grant ukuze athole imfundo ephakeme. Izintela zempahla zendawo ngokuvamile zisekela ukuxhasa kwezezwe, zidala ukwahlukana phakathi kwezifunda ezicebile nezimpofu .

Ukunakekelwa kwempilo

Intela ixhasa isimiso sezempilo zomphakathi, kuhlanganise neMedicare, iMedicaid, i-ChiP Program yempilo yoMshuwalense (CHIP), kanye ne-Veterans Health Administration. Emazweni amaningi, ukunakekelwa kwempilo yonke kuxhaswe ngentela ngokuphelele. Ngisho nasezimisweni zezentela zomuntu siqu, ukukhokhela intela kusiza abantu ngabanye ukuba bakhokhe. Izindlela zezempilo zomphakathi zenza imikhankaso yokugoma, ukuhlola izifo, nokuzilungiselela okuphuthumayo.

Izakhiwo

I-Highway Trust Fund, ngokwesibonelo, izimali zixhaswa ngentela yentela ye-U.S. izimali ngentela kaphethiloli kanye nezinye izindleko zomsebenzi. Izakhiwo ezanele zisekela ezohwebo, zinciphisa isikhathi sokuhamba, futhi zithuthukisa izinga lokuphila. Uma intela incipha, izakhiwo ziwohloka, kuholele ekutheleni imali engaphezulu kakhulu.

Ukuphepha Komphakathi Nomthetho Ophoqelelwayo

Izinhlangano zamaphoyisa, izinkonzo zomlilo, ukusabela okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha, nesimiso sokwahlulela kuxhomeke ekukhokheleni intela. Lezi zinkonzo zivikela ukuphila nempahla, imithetho ephoqelelwayo, futhi ziqinisekisa ubulungisa. Intela yemali isekela amajele, izinhlelo zokwelapha, kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ubugebengu.

Izinkonzo Zomphakathi Nenhlalakahle

INhlangano yomphakathi, izinzuzo zokungasebenzi, ukukhubazeka, usizo, izitembu zokudla (SNAP), izikhokhelo zokudla, nezinye izinhlelo zokuphepha zixhaswa ngentela. Le zinhlelo zinciphisa ubumpofu, ziqinisa imikhaya phakathi nokuwohloka kwezomnotho, futhi zinikeza isisekelo sokukhuphuka. Izinzuzo zezomnotho lapho abantu abaningi benezidingo eziyisisekelo.

Ukuvikela Kwesizwe Nokubulala

Intela exhasa izikhali isekela ubukhosi nokuzinza kwezizwe, kuyilapho usizo lwakwamanye amazwe nemisebenzi yamazwe ethuthukisa izithakazelo zomhlaba wonke.

Okwenza Kubaluleke Ukukhokha Intela

Ngaphandle kokulalela umthetho, ukukhokha izintela kugcwalisa umsebenzi womphakathi oqinisa ukubusa ngentando yeningi nokubambisana kwezenhlalo. Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko ezenza ukuba kufike isikhathi futhi kunembile ukukhokha intela.

Kuthuthukisa Ukulingana Futhi Kunciphise Ukungalingani

Intela eyandayo incishiswa ngokuqoqa inani eliphakeme lalabo abakwazi ukuthenga okwengeziwe. Imali isetshenziselwa ukunikeza izimpahla zomphakathi nezinkonzo ezizuzisa zonke izakhamuzi, ikakhulukazi ezisengozini. Lokhu kunciphisa igebe phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu futhi kwenza umphakathi ube nobulungisa. Ngaphandle kokukhokha intela ephumelelayo, ukungalingani kwanda, okuholela ekudumazekeni kwezenhlalo nasekungazuzisi kwezomnotho.

Ukusekela Ukwanda Kwezomnotho Nokungaguquguquki

Izimali zentela zomphakathi ezivuselela umnotho: imisebenzi yezesisekelo idala imisebenzi, imfundo yakha izisebenzi ezinekhono, futhi ukucwaninga kunikeza intuthuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokuzimela ngokwazo njengomshuwalense wezenhlalakahle nezinhlelo zezenhlalakahle zezenhlalakahle, ezixhaswe yintela, ezisiza ekuvikeleni ukuwohloka kwezomnotho. I-International Monetary Fund (IMF) [FLT:] [i-Organing for Economic Copersonation and Development (ECD)[FLD] igcizelela ukuthi izimiso zentela ezisemthethweni zithuthukisa ukukhula okungaguquguquki.

Uqinisekisa Ukuthi Uhulumeni Uyolandisa

Uma izakhamuzi zikhokha izintela, zinezici eziqondile endleleni imali yazo esetshenziswa ngayo. Lokhu kubangela ukucindezela kohulumeni ukuba babonakale bengenacala, baphumelele futhi baphendule ngendlela abayisebenzisa ngayo imali. Ukulandisa ngemali, ukuhlola, nokuzwa umphakathi kuyizindlela ezivela kulobu buhlobo.

Intuthuko Yomphakathi Wabadobi

Imisebenzi yezintela yendawo cishe: amapaki, imitapo, ukulungisa imigwaqo, izinhlelo zentsha, nemicimbi yamasiko. Lezi zenzo zithuthukisa izinga lokuphila futhi zakhe inhloko - dolobha yezenhlalo. Izakhamuzi ezibona izinzuzo zemali yazo yentela zisengozini kakhulu yokusekela izinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo nokuhlanganyela ekuphileni komphakathi.

Ukulungiselela Izikhathi Zokuphuthuma Nezinkathazo

Intela ivumela ohulumeni ukuba bakhe izindawo zokukhosela futhi babhekane ngokushesha nezinhlekelele zemvelo, izifo eziwumshayabhuqe, noma izinkinga zezomnotho. Ngokwesibonelo, uhulumeni wase-U.S. wakwazi ukuthumelela izigidigidi zezigidi ekusizeni phakathi nobhadane lweCOVID 93 ngenxa yekhono lentela elikhona. Ngaphandle kwenkokhelo eqinile, ukusabela okuphuthumayo kuyabambeka futhi akuphumeleli.

Imiphumela Yokungakhokhi Intela

Ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezibopho zentela — kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngephutha elingahlosiwe, ukugwema, noma ukugwema ngokuqondile — kuyimiphumela engathi sína kubantu nakuwo wonke umphakathi.

Ukujeziswa Kwabantu Ngabo Bonke Ngokomthetho

Ukugwema intela kuwubugebengu. Ukujeziswa kungahlanganisa inkokhelo, inzalo ngemali engakhokhelwanga, ukuthunjwa kwempahla, nokuboshwa. E-United States, i-International Revenue Service (I-IRS) ingaphoqa izijeziso zokukhwabanisa zomphakathi ezifinyelela ku 75% zemali ehholelwayo, futhi izinkolelo zobugebengu zingaholela eminyakeni emihlanu ejele likahulumeni. Imibuso efanayo ikhona emazweni amaningi. Ngisho nokukhokha impoqo noma ukukhokha ngaphandle kokugwema izijeziso ezibalulekile.

Ukulahlekelwa Izinkonzo Zomphakathi Nokuwohloka Okungokwesiko

Uma abantu abaningi kakhulu noma amabhizinisi bebalekela izintela, izimali zikahulumeni ziyafiphala. Izikhala eziwumphumela zemali zinciphisa imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, imigwaqo, nokulondeka. Bonke abantu bayahlupheka. Ngokukakhulukazi labo abathembele kakhulu ezinkonzweni zomphakathi. Ucwaningo lwango-2021 lwe-U.S. Umnyango we-Mootar walinganisela ukuthi igebe lentela (umehluko phakathi kwentela ekweletwayo nenkokhiswayo) libiza uhulumeni ongaphansi ko-R3, imali engakhokha izinhlelo ezigxekayo.

Ukungahleleki Kwezomnotho Nokuncishiswa Kwemali

Ukungakhokhi intela okusakazekile kuphazamisa izimakethe futhi kululaza ikhono likahulumeni lokulawula umnotho.

Umthwalo Owengeziwe Kwabakhokhi Bentela Abakhokhi Bentela

Ukuze bakhokhele inzuzo elahlekile, ohulumeni bangaphakamisa intela kulabo abakhokhayo (noma banciphise imali esetshenziswayo.) Lokhu kubangela umjikelezo onzima: amazinga aphakeme akhuthaza ukubalekela okwengeziwe, akhuthaza ukuthobela kakhulu.

Umonakalo Obangelwa Ukwethenjwa Umphakathi Nokubambisana Kwezenhlalo

Lapho abantu bebona ukuthi abanye abakhokhi ingxenye yabo efanelekile, abazimisele ukuvumelana nabo. Lokhu kungaholela ekuncipheni kwemithetho evimbelayo, kunciphise sonke isimiso sentela nesivumelwano sezenhlalo.

Ukugwema Intela Nokuhoxa

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokugwema intela engokomthetho (ukusebenzisa izindlela ezingokomthetho zokunciphisa intela) kanye nokugwema ukukhokha intela okungekho emthethweni (ukukhokha noma ukukhomba). Nakuba ukugwema kuvumelekile, amasu obudlova avame ukuhlanganisa ukugwema nokuthatha ukuhlolwa kokulawula. I-OECD’s Baserosion ne-Information Shifting (BEPS) ihlose ukunqanda intela esetshenziswa emazweni amaningi. Izakhamuzi kufanele zifune iseluleko sobuchwepheshe sokuhlala ngaphakathi komthetho.

Indlela Intela Esetshenziswa Ngayo: Ukuhlolisisa

Intela ikhokhwa emazingeni ahlukene kahulumeni, uhulumeni, nezwe, kanye nezindawo. Ukuqonda lokhu kwabiwa kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zibone ukuthi imali yazo iyaphi futhi kukhuthaze ukuphikisana okungokolwazi ngezinto eziza kuqala.

  • [ Ukusetshenziswa kwemali esetshenziswayo: E-U.S., izindleko ezinkulu kakhulu zikahulumeni iSocial Security, Medicare/Medicaid, isivikelo sobuzwe, nesithakazelo esikweletini sesizwe. Ukusebenzisa ukuhlakanipha kuhlanganisa imfundo, ezokuhamba, isayensi, kanye nosizo lwangaphandle.
  • Isiko Lokuchitha Imali: yase- States ixhasa imfundo (K612 namayunivesithi omphakathi), ukunakekelwa kwempilo (iMedicaid), ezokuthutha (izindawo ezihambayo nezokuthutha), izijeziso, nezinhlelo zosizo lomphakathi. Izintela kanye nentela yeholo ziyimithombo emikhulu yemali.
  • Imali esetshenziswa endaweni ezungezile: ohulumeni bendawo bathembele kakhulu ezintelani zempahla nasezintela zokuthengisa ukuze kuxhaswe izikole, amaphoyisa neminyango yomlilo, amapaki, imitapo, imitapo, nokunakekelwa kwezakhiwo.

Ukuqonda Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene Zentela

Nansi indlela ebanzi yokuhlaziya izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, kuhlanganise nendlela ezibalwa ngayo nokuthi kungani zibalulekile.

Intela

Intela ekhokhelwayo ikhokhwa ngeholo, amaholo, inzalo, inzuzo, nezinye izinhlobo zemali. Izimiso eziningi zithuthuka, futhi amazinga aphansi ayanda lapho iholo linyuka. E-U.S., intela yeholo kahulumeni inamabhuleki ayisikhombisa (inani eli kuya ku-3% kuya ku-36% ngo-2025). Intela yemali edonswayo yoMbuso iyahluka-hluka (inye inenani eliqhubekayo), eminye iphansi, futhi amazwe ambalwa awayifuni nhlobo intela. Ukukhokha intela (Ukhuseleko lombuso ne-Medicarecia) ihlukene ngokwesilinganiso esivamile kodwa ngokuvamile ihlelwe ngokwentela ehholweni.

Ukuthengisa Intela

Intela ethengiswayo intela esetshenziswayo lapho kuthengiselwa izimpahla nezinkonzo. E-U.S., amazinga asukela ku 0% (ezinye izifunda) kuya kumaphesenti angaphezu kwayishumi emadolobheni athile. Izintela ngokuvamile ziyahlehliswa ngoba imikhaya engenisa imali encane ichitha ingxenye enkulu yemali yayo ezinkokhelweni ezikhokhelwayo. Izindawo eziningi zikhipha izindleko ezinjengezokudla nemithi.

Intela Yempahla

Intela yempahla ikhokhwa ngenani layo lezindawo nezindawo. Imithombo eyinhloko yemali yohulumeni bendawo nezifunda zesikole. Izinga lentela yempahla liyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi libekwe iziphathimandla zendawo. Izintela ngokuvamile zisebenza ezindlini eziyinhloko, omakad ’ ebona, nabadala. Izintela zempahla ezinkulu zingaholela ekuhoxeni ezindaweni ezicekela phansi.

Intela Yomthetho

Intela yeholo ifakwa enzuzoni yezinhlangano. E-U.S., isilinganiso sentela yenhlangano yezentela yezwe siyisithakengungungu 21% (ngemva kwe-Ri1717 Cuts and Jobs Act). Izwe lingase lifake intela yalo yenkampani. Intela yentela ekhokhwayo yentela esemthethweni kahulumeni, kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwentela kuxoxwa ngakho ekugcineni kubangelwa izisebenzi nabathengi ngeholo eliphansi nangentengo ephezulu.

Inhloko - dolobha Ithola Intela

Intela eholwa amakomkhulu iyasebenza ezinkokhelweni zenzuzo yokuthengiselwa kwempahla ebekelwe ukutshala imali, njengesheya, amabopho, nendawo. Inzuzo ye-Lonǵterns (izinqumo ezithatha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka) ikhokhwa ngamazinga angcono (0%, 15%, noma 20%) e-U.S. Lempatho ikhuthaza ukutshala imali kodwa futhi ngokungenakuqhathaniswa izuzisa imikhaya ecebile.

Ukukhokha Intela Nokukhokha Intela

Intela yokukhokha imali esele isetshenziswa ezintweni ezithile ezinjengophethiloli, utshwala, ugwayi, nezibhamu. Zivame ukuklanyelwa ukunqanda ukusetshenziswa (intela yesono) noma ukuxhasa izinhlelo ezihlobene nezinhlelo (isimo, isikhwama semali yokukhokha emigwaqweni emikhulu). Amajaji ayizintela zezimpahla ezithengiswe kwamanye amazwe, ezisetshenziselwa ukuvikela izimboni zasekhaya noma ukuveza inzuzo.

Indlela Yokuqinisekisa Ukubambisana: Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Kubantu Abahlala Ezakhamuzini

Ngokusebenzisa imikhuba emihle nokusebenzisa imithombo yengcebo etholakalayo, izakhamuzi zingazifeza ngokuqiniseka izibopho zazo.

Hlala Unolwazi Ngokushintsha Komthetho Wentela

Imithetho yentela ishintsha kaningi ngenxa yomthetho, ukulungisa ukwehla kwamandla emali, nemithetho yenkantolo. Zibophelele ekushicileleni nge-IRS noma igunya lentela lezwe lakini. Ngokwesibonelo, i-IRS ikhipha i-Thekis for Small Business futhi njalo ikhipha izimpawu ngoshintsho. Izinguquko ezinkulu zentela. Zinje nge-2017 2017 Trusts Cuts ne-Jobs Act .

Londoloza Amarekhodi Anembile Nahlelekile

Gcina amalishi, ama-invoice, izitatimende zebhange, kanye namaphepha iminyaka emithathu noma eminye imitapo. Amathuluzi emishini anjenge-software ye-accompers, i-splyts, noma i-apps (umz., i-Quick Books, i-Wave) ilula ukulandelela. Uma usebenza ngemisebenzi emisha noma ukhokhela imali, ukugcinwa kokucophelela kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe intengo.

Ifa le - profile Ngesikhathi futhi Ukhokhe Isilinganiso Uma Kudingeka

Ifa le-infroyidi yakho ngenkathi emisiwe (kakhulu uApril 15 e-U.S.) ngisho noma ungakhokhi ngokugcwele. Ukusheshisa kukunika ezinye izinyanga eziyisithupha zokubhala amafayela, kodwa hhayi ukukhokha. Uma ulindele ukukhokha imali engaphezu kwe R1,000, yenza izindleko ezilinganiselwa ku-25 ukuze ugweme izijeziso ezikhokhelwayo. I-IRS inikeza i-Form 104076ES ngenxa yalenjongo.

Funa Usizo Lochwepheshe Uma Kudingeka

Ochwepheshe bentela (CP, amanxusa abhalisile, noma abameli bentela) bangasiza ezimweni ezinzima: iholo lomhlaba wonke, ukuba nebhizinisi, inzuzo yokutshala imali, ifa, nokuhlola izimali. I-IRS ilondoloza uhlu lwezifundiswa zentela. Intela eziningi ezihlawulwayo zifanelekela usizo nge-Look Inhome Taxial Confect (i-VITA) uhlelo.

Sebenzisa Uhulumeni Nemithombo Yengcebo Ye - Internet

I-website ye- inikeza amafomu entela mahhala, iziyalezo, izincwadi, namathuluzi okudlulisela afana nethi “Kuphi i-“Iyami Ivusiwe?” Iminyango eminingi yemali kahulumeni inezindawo ezinamatheku ezifanayo. [ ECD inikeza intela ye-data kanye nesiqondiso sezizwe ngezizwe ezikhokhisa intela.

Sebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe Ukuze Kukuzuzise

I-software yokulungisa intela (umz., TurboTax, H&R Block, Traxier) ikwenza uqondise ezimweni ezivamile futhi ihlole amaphutha. Uhlelo lwe-IRS Free File lunikeza izinhlelo zikahulumeni zamahhala kubantu abaholayo ngaphansi komnyango othile. I-electronic inciphisa amaphutha futhi isheshisa ama-rend.

Isiphetho: Inhlangano Yentela

Ukukhokha izintela kungaphezu kwemfuneko engokomthetho, kuyindlela eyinhloko yokubonisa umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi. Intela ngayinye inikela emfundweni, empilweni, ekulondekeni, nasezisekelweni ezisizayo ezenza impucuko yanamuhla ikwazi. Uma izakhamuzi ziqonda ukuthi umsebenzi wentela usebenza kanjani, ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani, nemiphumela yokungahambisani ne-661, cishe zibheka intela njengesibopho sobuhlobo obunye kunokuba iwumthwalo. Ngokuhlala zinolwazi, zilondoloza amarekhodi anembile, futhi zifeza izibopho zethu ngesikhathi, ngamunye wethu usiza ekulondolozeni ukukhokha kahle komphakathi futhi alondoloze ukuthembana komphakathi.