Isingeniso: Ukusekela Amalungelo Amancane Ezwe Elifundisa Ulimi

Njengoba imiphakathi ihluka kakhulu ngokobuhlanga, ngokwezenkolo, nangobudlovu, ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo amancane kuvela njengesisekelo sokubusa kwentando yeningi nobulungisa bezenhlalo. Amaqoqo amancane achazwa yisizwe, inkolo, ulimi, indlela yobulili, noma ukukhubazeka, (ngokuvamile abhekene nezithiyo eziqhubekisela phambili imijikelezo yobumpofu, ukuhlukanisa, nobudlova. Ukuvikela lamalungelo akuyona nje isibopho esingokomthetho kodwa isibopho esisemqoka esiqinisa wonke umklamo wezenhlalo. Uma imiphakathi embalwa inegunya lokuhlanganyela ngokugcwele ekuphileni komphakathi, inzuzo engokwezentelezi zomnotho, izinhlangano zezomnotho ezinkulu kakhulu, ukuncintisana, nokuqina okukhulu. Ngokuphambene, ukunganakwa kwamalungelo amadlanzana nje kungaholela ekuhlukaneni kwezenhlalo, ngisho nasezinkingeni ezingokomphakathinisweni. Ukuqonda ngokugcwele amalungelo ezenhlalo ezenhlalo, izinselele ezingoko elingoko elingokomlando, isisekelo esingoko elivamile kunoma yiliphi izwe.

Ayini Amalungelo Amancane?

Amalungelo amancane abhekisela ezivikelweni eziqondile nezigunyaziwe ezinikezwa abantu abangamaqembu amancane ngokwenani noma angenawo amandla alinganayo nezakhamuzi eziphethe umphakathi ezisezweni elithile. Lamalungelo abekwe emthethweni wezizwe zonke, ngokuphawulekayo iZivumelwano zeZizwe Ezihlangene zamalungelo abantu eSizweni noma esizwe, amaZweni angokwenkolo nangokwesizwe , amukeleka ngo- 1992. Isimemezelo siqaphela ukuthi amaqembu amancane anelungelo lokujabulela isiko lawo, asho futhi asebenzise inkolo yawo siqu, futhi asebenzise amalungelo awo siqu, kokubili kumalungelo azimele nasobala. Izimiso ezisemqoka ngaphansi kwezimiso ezivamile, ukulingana komthetho, ukugcinwa, ukuhlanganiswa kwempucuko, nokuhlanganyela kwesinqumo.

Ngokwesizwe, lamalungelo amancane afakwa enqubweni-siseko, imithetho emelene nemithetho yokuhlukana, nezimiso ezithile . "njenge-Multliculituralisism" noma ilungiselelo loMthetho-mthetho wase-India we-Shedyd Castes and Schemed Communics. Lamathuluzi angokomthetho ahlose ukusingatha ukungalungi komlando futhi aqinisekise ukuthi idlanzana alibekwa indiva ezindaweni ezinjengemisebenzi, izindlu, imfundo, kanye nobukhoma kwezombangazwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amalungelo amancane awanikezwangawanikezi amalungelo akhethekile; acishe ahlelele ukudlala insimu ukuze wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungubani, abe nethuba, abe nethuba eliqotho lokuphumelela.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Okungokomlando Kwamalungelo Amancane Kuvikela

Isimiso sanamuhla samalungelo amancane savela ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, njengoba umphakathi wezizwe zonke waqaphela ukuthi ukushushiswa kwezizwe ngezizwe ezimbalwa kungaholela ebudloveni obuyinhlekelele. ISimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu (1948) samisa isimiso sokungahlukanisi, kodwa kwathatha amashumi amaningana eminyaka ukusungula amathuluzi akhuluma ngokuqondile ngamaqembu amancane. Inkathi yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi yabona intuthuko elinganiselwe, kodwa ukuwa kweSoviet Union nokuphakama kwengxabano yezinhlanga ngo 1990 kwandisa ukunakekela okuvusenezelwe. ISivumelo seUN, kanye neNkathi yeNkathi Yesizwe enjenge-International National News i-Convention of European [19959], yamukela isigaba esibanzi. Namuhla, amalungelo amancane athuthukiswa ngesivumelwano sezivumelwano sezizwe ze-UN.

Izinzuzo Ezihlukahlukene Zokuvikela Amalungelo Amancane

Lapho imiphakathi itshala inzuzo ekuhlanganiseni, ibuye lizwake ezindaweni eziningi. Ngezansi ezinye zezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisekelwa ukucwaninga nezibonelo zezwe langempela.

Ukungezwani Nomphakathi Nokuvimbela Ukungezwani

Ubandlululo nokuhlukanisa kubangela ukuntengantenga. Ukuhlola kwe-World Bank ngo-2018 kwathola ukuthi amazwe anesivikelo esiqine kakhulu emaqenjini amancane abhekana nezenzakalo ezimbalwa zesiyaluyalu nobudlova. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kwe-prendapartheid South Africa, ukuqashelwa komthetho-sisekelo kwezilimi ezingu-11 ezingokomthetho kanye nokusungulwa kwezinhlangano ezinjenge-Human Rights Commission kwasiza ekunciphiseni ukungezwani kwezinhlanga. Uma idlanzana linesigxobo kuhulumeni, ukufinyelela ekwahluleleni, nokuqaphela amasiko.

Ukuthuthuka Kwezomnotho Nokubuyiselwa Kwazo

Imisebenzi ehlukahlukene nezimakethe ziyintsha futhi zikhiqiza kakhulu. Umbiko ka-2020 McKinsey wathola ukuthi izinkampani ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokuhlukanisa ubuzwe nobuhlanga zazingama-36% amathuba okuba nenzuzo ngaphezu kwe-Vonseavege. Ngezinga lezezemali, ukukhipha amaqoqo amancane emfundweni nasemsebenzini kumelela ukulahlwa okukhulu kwenhloko- dolobha yabantu. Ngokwesibonelo, umphakathi wama-Arabian American unikela kakhulu e-U.S., ngokulinganiselwa ukuthi umnotho unamandla angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-100. Uma izinhlangano zivumela idlaloza eliphelele ukuba lithathe imingcele yokuthenga izimali ($5,000 000 000). Ngokusuka kwezezezezezezobuchwepheshe, ukukhipha izikweleti zemali, ukuhweba, kanye nezezentengiselwano ngokwezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibono ehlukahlukene izinhlangano ngezimiso zesayensi zembulunga yonke (GPS) zathuthu ngokwengxenye zesayensi zezezinde yesayensi.

Ukubuswa Kwentando Yeningi Kwaqiniswa

Izikhungo ezihlanganisayo zisemthethweni futhi ziphumelela kakhulu. Uma kuzwakala amazwi amancane ezindlu zomthetho, izinkantolo, nasemabuseni, izinqubo zivame ukusingatha izinhlobonhlobo zezidingo. Ukucwaninga okuvela ku- Internationalism Institute for Democracy and Electoral Conservation (IDEA)[FL:1] kubonisa ukuthi amazwe anezimiso zokumelela ngokulingana athambekele ekubeni nokubaluleka okungcono. Ngokwesibonelo, izihlalo zemithetho-sisekelo yeRwanda yesihlalo sabesifazane nesentsha, futhi iPhalamende lawo lingenye yezingathane kakhulu ngokobulili obufana kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokufanayo, ama-Māorori aqinisekisa ukumelelwa kwabantu bendawo. Lezinqubo azithuthukisi izinga lokubusa kwabantu abambalwa.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo Ezibhekene Namaqembu Amancane Namuhla

Naphezu kwentuthuko engokomthetho, amaqembu amancane ayaqhubeka ebhekana nezithiyo ezinzima.

Ukucwaswa Okungokwemvelo Nezinsalela Eziphelele

Ubandlululo luvame ukugxila kuzo kanye izimo zomphakathi .Imisebenzi yokuqasha, izimakethe zezindlu, amaphoyisa, nezimiso zokunakekela impilo. Ukuhlola kubonisa njalo ukuthi abafaki bemisebenzi ababhekwa ngokuthi “bangama-estric” bathola ukuphinde baphinde babuye baphinde babuye, ngisho noma iziphiwo zabo zifana nezabaningi abafaka izicelo zegama. E-United States, abathengi bamakhaya abamnyama nabawa emaShanspans basengozini kakhulu yokungavunyelwa izikweletuso noma ukunikezwa izimvume ezingcono. EYurophu, amaRom abhekene nobandlululo olusakazelele ezindlini nasemfundweni. Lemiklamo ayiwona umphumela wekhethelo ecacile; ngokuvamile basuka ekukhetheni imingcele nemithetho engekho ngqimbeni okunga kahle.

Ukusekelwa Ezinhlanganweni Zezombangazwe Nezomnotho

Ezindaweni eziningi zentando yeningi, amaqembu amancane anezikhundla ezikhethiwe ezimbalwa kakhulu kunengxenye yawo yomphakathi engasikisela. Ukuhlola okungu-2021 kwe-Inter preplaliamentary Union kwathola ukuthi cishe iphesenti elilodwa labaphathi bephalamende emhlabeni wonke lingamaqembu abomdabu, naphezu kwabantu bomdabu abakha amaphesenti ayisithupha ezakhamuzi zomhlaba wonke. Ngokufanayo, emapulani ezinhlangano zezenkampane, amaqembu ezinhlanga namaqembu enkolo ahlala ekhona emazweni amaningi. Lokhu kuntula ukumelela kusho ukuthi imibono emincane ngokuvamile ilahlekelwa izinqumo ezibucayi eziphathelene nempahla, imishini, imfundo, nokuhlelwa kwamadolobhaka.

Zonda Ubugebengu Nokuhlukunyezwa Nge - Internet

Ubudlova obuhlasela amaphaphu amancane buseyinkinga enkulu. Ngokwe- Ukudlondlobala kwezenhlala-khona eYurophu (OSCE), ubugebengu bokuzonda ukuhlasela ngokomzimba, ukucekela phansi, kanye ne-arson] kuyaqhubeka kubikwa futhi kubulawa. Ukuvela kwezenhlalo zezokuxhumana nakho kuye kwenza ukuba izinhlobo ezintsha zokuhlukunyezwa kwezenhlalakahle, kanye namaqembu amancane avame ukuhlaselwa yimikhankani yokuhlambalaza kwezinhlanga, ukuhlasela, ukusongela. Emazweni anjenge-Myanmar naseNdiya, amahlebethi angenayo abhebhethene awe awe awenziswayo emhlabeni wonke nobudlova benkolo nezinhlanga eziphansi. Ukuvikela amalungelo amancane enkathi yohluzo-miculo kudinga izinqubo ezintsha zomthetho nezokuziququlo.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwemfundo Ephambili Nokunakekela Impilo

Imiphakathi emincane ivame ukubhekana nokungalingani kwemfundo nempilo. Izingane zendabuko eCanada nase-Australia zisafunda izikole ezinemithombo ephansi nezinga eliphansi. E-United States, izinga lokufa kwezinsana ezimnyama liphindwe kabili kunalelo kubantwana abamhlophe, ukubonakalisa ukungalingani kwezimiso zempilo ezinikezwayo nezingafanelekile. Imingcele yolimi, ukungalingani kwemidanti yolwazi, nokungameleli phakathi kochwepheshe kuhlanganisa lezi zimpikiswano. Ngaphandle kokungenela kwezimo ezizimo ezizincuphisayo, lemi emhlophe ingathuthukisa ubumpofu nokungalinganiswa kwemingcele yezenhlalakahle yempilo.

Izinyathelo Zokuthuthuka Kwamalungelo Amancane: Ikhambi Eliyinselele

Isivikelo esiphumelelayo samalungelo amancane sidinga ukuhlanganiswa ezimisweni ezingokomthetho, ezingokwemfundo, zezomnotho, nezezombangazwe. Ngezansi kunezinqubo ezisekelwe 76 eziye zabonisa imiphumela ehlukahlukene.

Ukusebenza Ngokuqinile Kwemithetho Nokuphoqelelwa Kwamandla

Imithetho iyodwa ayanele, kodwa inikeza isisekelo esidingekayo. Amazwe kufanele amise umthetho obanzi omelene nokuhlanganisa umsebenzi, indlu, imfundo, nezinkonzo zomphakathi. Ngokuvumelana nomthetho wokuphoqelela, imishini yokuphoqelela (njengezikhomishane zamalungelo abantu ezizimele, i-ombudspersonsons, nezikhulu ezikhethekile) okumelwe kuxhaswe futhi kunikezwe amandla anele. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Eye-asemgangathweni kanye namalungelo abantu e-United Kingdom[FLTY] inegunya lokuhlola nokufaka izicelo zezindaba zezindaba. Ngokwezinga lomhlaba wonke, i-raving futhi isebenzise i-UN i- Convention of Aultism of Ault and tracetionstionstionstionstionss of commentationsstionstions (intellige).

Isinyathelo Esiqinisekisayo Nezinyathelo Ezihloselwe Ukungenela

Emiphakathini lapho ukucwasana ngokomlando kuye kwadala khona umehluko omkhulu, ukuvuma kwezenzo zesikhashana kungasiza ekuhleleni inkundla yokudlala. Isimiso se-Schemed Castens ne-ShedydynFoldFoldFold ekufundiseni nasemsebenzini womphakathi siye sasiza izigidi ukuba zikwazi ukuqeda ubumpofu, nakuba izimpikiswano ziqhubeka ngokusetshenziswa kwazo kanye nemiphumela engalindelekile. EBrazil, inani lobuhlanga emayunivesithi liye landisa ukuthengwa kwabafundi base-Afroâul kanye nabomdabuni. Izimiso ezinjalo kufanele ziklanywe ngokucophelela ukuze zigweme ukuhlazeka futhi kufanele zihambisane nezinhlelo zezenhlalo ezibangela ukungalingani okukhulu.

Inkulumo Yezindaba Neyeningi Ehlanganisa Abantu

Izindaba ezimelela imithombo yezindaba. Uma amaqoqo amancane eboniswa ngezindima ze-stereodial noma ezimbi, ubandlululo lungaqiniswa. Ngokuphambene, ukuma okuhle nokungafani kungaguqula amaqembu amancane abantu futhi kukhuthaze uzwela. Ohulumeni, behambisana nezinhlangano zezokuxhumana, bangasekela izinhlelo ezibonisa ukwahlukahlukana komphakathi. I-Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) ne-BBBC inezinyathelo zokwandisa izinhlobonhlobo kokubili nge-391 wesikrini nangemuva kwekhamera. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhankankaso yokuqaphela umphakathi “Njengokwanga i-Xaluleki ye-Scode Nolumo" nge-Council of European Beastruthroporation (C) ilwa nokukhuthaza ukubekezelelana.

Ukunikezwa Amandla Ngezinhlangano Ezincane

Abasekeli bamalungelo amancane kakhulu ngokuvamile yizidlangala nje. Abalweli abanamandla nohulumeni kufanele banikeze ukusekela kokwakhelwa kwezinhlangano ezisekelwe emphakathini [1] ezinezithakazelo ezimbalwa. Lamaqembu anganikeza usizo olungokomthetho, izinhlelo zokuvikela amasiko, umeluleki wabaholi abasebasha, namapulatifomu okuhlanganyela kwezombangazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-National Association for the Advanced People (NAACP) ku-US kanye nenkonzo ye-Orgial [[FLT:]] ye-AFLT] e-Australia iye yaba usizo ekuqhubeni amalungelo omphakathi. Ukusekela izinhlangano ezinjalo kuqinisekisa ukuthi amasuntlawulo angokwesiko nangokwezejwayekile.

Indima Yemfundo Eshintshayo Ekwandiseni Kwamalungelo Amancane

Imfundo iyithuluzi elinamandla lokuqhubekisela phambili nokuhlukanisa. Uma izifundo zangemva kwesikole zigcwele futhi zithatha iziphakamiso, imfundo ingaqeda izinkolelo ezivamile futhi ihlomise abafundi ukuba baphikise ukucwasana. Ngokuphambene, izimiso zemfundo ezingazinaki izinqubo ezimbalwa noma eziphoqelelwayo zingadala umonakalo ohlala njalo.

Umklamo Ongaphelele

Izikole kufanele zifundise imilando, amasiko, neminikelo yamaqembu amancane njengengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokulandisa kwesizwe, hhayi nje phakathi nezinyanga ezimisiwe.” Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lwezifundo lwaseNew Zealand luhlanganisa ulimi lwe-Māori kanye nombono wezihloko. E-United States, izinhlelo zobuzwe (ezinjengalezo zaseCalifornia nase-Arizona zikoleni zomphakathi) ziye zaboniswa ukuthi zithuthukisa izinga lemfundo nelemfundo yabafundi abanombala. Ukuhlolwa kwango-2016 kweStanford Center yezemfundo yodweliso lwathola ukuthi abafundi abathatha izifundo zobuhlanga babezibophelele futhi babika ukuthi bazuza kakhulu futhi bafunda izibalo zobuzwe.

Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabafundisi Nenhlangano Yempucuko

Ngisho nezifundo ezingcono kakhulu ziyohluleka uma othisha bengakulungele ukulidlulisela ngokuphumelelayo. Izinhlelo zentuthuko yochwepheshe kufanele zihlanganise izilinganiso ezihlanganisa ukuncintisana kwamasiko, ubandlululo olucacile, nokukhubazeka okungaqondakali. Izinhlangano zothisha eziqeqeshelwe ukuqasha abazothatha izizinda ezihlukahlukene futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi bonke othisha bayaqonda ukuthi izinhlelo zokufundisa zaseFinland zigcizelela ukuhlelwa kobulungisa bezenhlalo kanye nemibono ehlukahlukene, okunezela enhloniphweni yazo yemfundo engokwemfundo.

Ukufunda Ingxoxo Nontanga ­ 31: ­

Izinhlelo ezihlanganisa abafundi abanezizinda ezihlukahlukene . Ngokuhambelana, imisebenzi ebambisanayo, noma iziqeshana zezingxoxo ezihleliwe, zinganciphisa ubandlululo. Isimiso se- “Common Ground" e-US kanye neprojekthi ye-“Common” eNyakatho Ireland iye yabonisa ukuthi uma intsha ihlanganyela ezindabeni zomunye nomunye, uzwela nokuhloniphana. Izikole kufanele zinikeze abafundi abambalwa izindawo eziphephile ukuze bahlanganyele okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindiselela.

Isiphetho: Umthwalo Wemfanelo Wokuhlanganyela Ngamalungelo Amancane

Ukuvikela amalungelo amancane akuyona into ekhathaza kakhulu; kuwuvivinyo oluyisisekelo lwesibopho somphakathi sobulungisa nokulingana. Njengoba izwe lihlangana kakhulu, ikhono lokuhlonipha nokulungisa ukungaboni ngasonye liyonquma ukuthi siyakha yini imiphakathi enokuthula, echumayo noma sehlela ezimpini. Izinselele zinzima kakhulu − ukucwaswa, ubandlululo olujulile, kanye nokungavumelani kwezinhlangano ezaklanywa izikhathi ezihlukene kakhulu. Kodwa kunezizathu futhi zethemba. Izimo zamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke zinikeza indinganiso ecacile. Izinguquko zemithetho yezizwe, ukusukela ekutheni uvumelwano lwemithetho, kuye kwaveza ukuthuthukiswa okungalawuleki. Futhi imfundo, uma yenziwa kahle, ingatshala izimbewu zezikhathi ezingaphezulu kakhulu.

Ngamunye wethu unendima angayifeza. Abaholi abangasekela abasekela isivikelo esincane. Othisha bangaqinisekisa amakilasi abo abonisa ukuhlukahluka komphakathi. Abaholi bamabhizinisi bangasebenzisa izindlela zokuqasha ezilinganayo. Futhi wonke umuntu angabekela inselele amaphuzu acwasayo futhi afunde ngokuhlangenwe nakho komakhelwane bakhe abanezizinda ezihlukene. Ngokusebenza ndawonye, singadala imiphakathi lapho amalungelo amancane engavikelwanga nje kuphela ephephe kodwa ehlonishwayo emsebenzini. (h) lapho wonke umuntu engaphila ngesithunzi, ahlanganyele ngokugcwele, futhi anikele izipho zakhe eziyingqayizivele ekusizeni okuhle.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, hlola [[[FLT: 0] ISAHLULO Esikhethekile sezindaba ezincane, [[FLT:] i-Mority Rights Group International [, kanye ne [[FLT] amalungelo abantu Watch Watch Watch Watching Rightss ezimbalwa kakhulu zibika [ ekuhloleni ukwaziswa okubanzi nezindaba.