Table of Contents

Kulenkathi yanamuhla engokwezinombolo, umqondo wokuzifihla wezenzweni uye wavela ngokuphawulekayo. Ngokuthuthuka ngokushesha kobuchwepheshe, indlela ukwaziswa komuntu siqu okuqoqwa ngayo, kugcinwe futhi kusetshenziswa ngayo iye yabangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngamalungelo omuntu ngamuntu siqu. Ukwanda komakhalekhukhwini, amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana, kanye nokuxhumana kwe-inthanethi ye-inthanethi kuchaza ukuthi cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwanamuhla zishiya izinga lobuchwepheshe. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukubaluleka okubalulekile kwamalungelo enkathini yomuntu siqu echazwa ngokuhlola imishini, ukungena emasikweni angokomthetho, imiphumela esemthethweni, i-socinetalsal transmetersssss, nezinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuvikela ukwaziswa komuntu siqu.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Okufihla Izindaba Zomuntu Siqu

Amalungelo abantu ayisisekelo avikela abantu ekungeneni okungadingekile ekuphileni kwabo, emzimbeni, nasemininingwaneni. Lamalungelo ahlanganiswe eSiphakameni 12 seSimemezelo somhlaba wonke samaLungelo Obuntu, esithi "akekho oyophazanyiswa ngokungenangqondo ekuzifihleni kwakhe, emkhayeni, ekhaya noma ngokubhalelana." Lomqondo unemvelaphi ejulile yefilosofi, eqala emuva kubantu abacabanga njenge-John Locke, owalwela ilungelo elingokwemvelo entweni, hlanganise nomuntu siqu kanye nemininingwane ekhiqizwe yilowo muntu.

Amalungelo obumfihlo ahlanganisa izilinganiso eziningana eziyisihluthulelo:

  • Akuluqulile ukuba wedwa kwezokuxhumana - Ithemba lokuthi izingcingo, ama-imeyili, nemiyalezo kuhlala kuyimfihlo ngaphandle kokuzivumelanisa okungokomthetho kokuvinjelwa.
  • Akwesokudla ukulawula ukwaziswa komuntu siqu [ – Ikhono lokunquma ukuthi ubani oqoqa, osebenzisayo, futhi ahlanganyele ukwaziswa ngawe, kuhlanganise namarekhodi ezempilo, imininingwane yezimali, kanye nomlando wendawo.
  • kwesokudla kufanele silibaleke[ - Ilungelo lokucishwa komniningo wakho uma kungasadingeki ngenjongo eyaqoqwayo, noma uma umuntu ehoxa.

La malungelo awaphelele; kumelwe alinganisele kwezinye izithakazelo zomphakathi ezinjengokuphepha kwesizwe nempilo yomphakathi.

Ukwanda Kwesilinganiso Samanani

Ukuqapha ngemishini kuye kwaba okungaqondakali kakhulu. Ohulumeni nezinkampani manje zihlola imisebenzi ye - Internet ngezinga elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili.

Izinhlelo Zokusakaza Zikahulumeni

Ngemva kokuhlasela ngo-September 11, amazwe amaningi andisa amakhono awo okuhlola. I-National Security Agency (NSA) yasungula izinhlelo zokuqoqwa kokwaziswa okuningi ngaphansi kwe-Protempiot 215 yePatriot Act, eyambulwa umculi wempempe e-Edward Snowden ngo-2013. Le zinhlelo zaqoqa i-metam uma ikhuluma ngezingcingo ne-inthanethi yezigidi zezakhamuzi ezivamile, hhayi nje izisulu zokuphenya. Izinhlelo ezifanayo zikhona e-UK (Temporal), eChina (izimiso zokuthenga ngezimali), naseRussia (izimiso zemali). Izimiso ngokuvamile ziphikisana ne-trachitting trainsting, kodwa ngokuvamile ziphikisana ne-RCUganda, kodwa izinga elivamile lidlula okudingekile nesilinganiso.

Imikhuba Yokuqoqwa Kokwaziswa Okuphathelene Nezincwadi

Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zizuza ngokuvuna imniningwane yomsebenzisi. I-Platforms enjenge-Google, Meta (Incwadi), kanye ne-Amazon ilandela ukuziphatha komsebenzisi emawebhukwini, emawebhukwini, futhi ngisho nasekuthengeni ngaphandle kolayini. i-surveillance commospital[, i-pagn ebekwe nguprofesa weHarvard Shoshana Zuboff, ichaza indlela izinkampani eziqoqa ngayo futhi zihlaziye ukwaziswa komuntu siqu ukuze zinqume futhi zithotye ukuziphatha kwabantu. Izisetshenziswa ezikwazi ukuhlanganisa ukwaziswa okungahlanganyelwa nezigaba ezintathu. I-201818 Cambridge Analytic cabonisa ihlazo ngendlela efanelekile imininingwane etholakalayo ka-Facebooky esetshenziswa ngayo ekukhanseleni, ethinta ukukhankathazweni kwezombangazwe emhlabeni wonke.

Ukufuna Imithombo Yezindaba Nezimiso Zokuxhumana

Ama-computer ezokuxhumana akhuthaza ukuhlanganyela njalo, ukuguqula izikhathi zomuntu siqu zibe izikhungo zomphakathi. Okwamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha ubuso, obuthunyelwa emphakathini yizisebenzi zomthetho nabathengisi, bunikeza ukwaziwa ngaphandle kwemvume. Amakhampani anjengo-Claview AI alahla izigidi zezigidi zezithombe ezivela emithonjeni yezokuxhumana ukuze akhe ishabhu lokuqapha lokuqapha elithengiselwa izinhlangano zamaphoyisa, kukhulise ukungemthetho nenkululeko yomphakathi.

Ithonya Emphakathini

Ukuqapha okusakazekile okubangelwa ukuqapha ngemishini kunemiphumela ejulile edlula kude ukuphazamisa komuntu ngamunye.

Ithonya Elibi Ekukhulumeni Nasezinkonzweni Ezikhululekile

Lapho abantu bekholelwa ukuthi ukuxhumana kwabo kuyagadwa, bayazihlola. Ukuhlola okungu-2021 okwenziwa yiPew Research Center kwathola ukuthi abantu base-38% baseMelika bathi bayakugwema ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezithile kuyi-inthanethi ngenxa yokukhathazeka kokuthi uhulumeni noma izinkampani ziyazibuka. lomphumela owethusayo [[ ululaza inkulumo yentando yeningi nenhlazi. Amaphephandaba, izintatheli, nabashisekeli bemithetho yempoqo: amathuluzi okuhlola anikezwa yizinkampani ezinjenge-NSO Group (Pegas publications) aye asetshenziselwa ukuhlasela amalungelo abantu abameli nezintatheli.

Umphumela Wokungavumelani Nezombangazwe

Uhulumeni usebenzise i-producence ukuze aphawule abahlanganyeli ekubhikisheni, njenge-2020 Black Livement short imiboniso. Ithuba nje lokuthola nokuthola i-methodial ye-productive liye laholela ekuzibekeleni imvume yokulawula i-productal. E-United States, uhulumeni uye wasebenzisa imvume yokulawula umhlaba ukuze athole abahlanganyeli ekubhikisheni, njenge-202020 Black Live Allem shorts. Ithuba nje lokuthola futhi ungenezele emfundweni kahulumeni liye livimbela abaningi ekusebenziseni amalungelo abo omthetho.

Imiphumela Emiphakathini Engalinganiswa

Imiphakathi esebhekene nobandlululo kakade ilimala ngokungenakulinganiswa ngokuqashelwa. Imithetho yokubikezela inqubo yamaphoyisa, ngokuvamile egcwele ukwaziswa okungokomlando okunobandlululo, igxilisa ukunakekela kwamaphoyisa ezindaweni ezisemzabalazweni ezise-U.S. ikhathazekile ngokuthi ukwaziswa okuhlanganyelwe nezinkonzo zomphakathi kungasetshenziselwa ukuphoqelela ukufuduka. Activs nezazi baphikisa ngokuthi ukuqapha kuyindlela yokucindezela abantu abasengozini kakhulu.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Engokomthetho Yokuvikela Amalungelo Ezindaba Zomuntu Siqu

Kunezici ezihlukahlukene ezingokomthetho ezivikela amalungelo ezindaba zomuntu siqu, kusukela ezivumelwaneni zomhlaba wonke kuya ezivumelwaneni zesizwe ezibanzi.

Ukuvikelwa kwenqubo yeData evamile (GDPR)

I-European Union’s GDPR, ephumelela ngo-2018, indinganiso yegolide yokulawula izinto zomuntu siqu. Inikeza abantu amalungelo okungena, okulungisa, ukusula, nokuthwala ukwaziswa kwabo. Amakhampani kumelwe athole imvume ecacile yokulungisa ulwazi, aphathe imiphumela yemfihlo, futhi abike ukuthi i-odockss ezimayelani phakathi kwamahora angu-727. Amagugu angafinyelela ku-4% wenguquko yomhlaba wonke. I-GDPR ithotye umthetho emhlabeni wonke, kusukela kuyi-LGPD kuya eJapaniattontontontonton’s. Ukuhlola kwamuva kwe-International Commotionstions Association kwathola ukuthi i-GDPR i-operation ithuthukisa ukubusa kwe-data yenhlangano kodwa futhi izindleko ezikhuliswe ekutholweni kweminyaye yemisebenzi emincane.

I - Act YaseCalifornia Edinga Amathuba Okuzifihla (CCPA)

ICCPA yaseCalifornia, ephumelela ngo-2020, yanika abathengi ilungelo lokwazi ukuthi imishini yokwaziswa yomuntu siqu iqoqani, ilungelo lokucima leyo mininingwane, nelungelo lokukhetha ukungayidayisi. Ngo-2023, i-California Ancy Rights Act (CPRA) yawandisa lamalungelo, yakha inhlangano enikezelwe yokuqinisekisa. I-CCPA isebenza kunoma yimuphi umuntu ozosebenza ngenzuzo ekwazini ukuphatha imininingwane yezakhamuzi zaseCalifornia, kungakhathaliseki indawo, iyenze ibe indinganiso yesizwe ezinkampanini eziningi.

Isivumelwano Somhlaba Wonke Ngamalungelo Omphakathi Nangokwezombangazwe (ICCPR)

ISiphakamiso 17 se-ICCPR senqabela ukuphazamisa kobumfihlo noma okungekho emthethweni. Nakuba kungezona izigebengu, ibopha amazwe futhi yazisa izincazelo zokwahlulela. Nokho, ukuphoqelela kubuthakathaka, futhi izifundazwe eziningi zihlanganyela ezimisweni zokuqapha ngobucukubhede obulinganiselwe. Icala eliphawulekayo yi- Big Mzalwan Watch v. United Kingdom, lapho iNkantolo yaseYurophu yamalungelo omphakathi yathola khona ukuthi umbuso we-UK's ewunqoba kakhulu weSiphakamiso 8 (ilungelo lokuba yisodwa) seSivumelwano se-Hulumelo Phezulu.

Izinselele Ekusekeleni Amalungelo Okufihla Izindaba Zomuntu Siqu

Naphezu kwesivikelo esingokomthetho esikhona manje, kusenezinselele ezinkulu. intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe esheshayo ivame ukudlula imingcele engokomthetho, ishiye amagebe esivikelo.

Ukungaphoqelelwa Kwemithetho Yangasese Ngokufanelekile

Ngisho nalapho kunemithetho eqinile, ukugcinwa kwemithetho kungancishiswa noma kuncishiswe. I-Irish Data Protection Commission, umphathi womthofu wezinkampani eziningi zobuchwepheshe ngaphansi kwe-GDPR, uye wagxekwa ngokuhlola okuthatha kancane nokukhokhwa okuncane okuhlobene nenzuzo yenkampani. E-United States, imithetho yezezimali zomuntu siqu (HIPAA yezempilo, iFERPA yezemfundo, GBA yezezimali) ikha umsebenzi oshiya izinhlobo eziningi ze-data zingavikelekile, kuyilapho i-Federal Trade Commission ilinganiselwe yemishicio yezente.

Izindlela Zobuchwepheshe Ezixubile Nezinkinga Zazo

Ukuhlakanipha kokwenza, ukufunda komshini, ne-Internet of Things (IoT) kudala izingozi ezintsha eziyimfihlo. Izimo ze-Al zingahlanganisa izimfanelo ezizwelayo (indlela yocansi, imibono yezombangazwe, isimo sempilo) ezibonakala zingenayo. Imishini yasekhaya ehlakaniphile njenge-Amazon Ring iye yahlotshaniswa nokubambisana kwamaphoyisa okuhlola, futhi izindlebe zabasizi bezwi ngezinye izikhathi zibukezwa abakhi bomlomo. Ukuphakama kwemibhoshongo ejulile kuveza izinselele zemvume nesivikelo. I-EUC izama ukusingatha eminye yalemibuzo, kodwa ubuchwepheshe buyaqhubeka buhlola ngokushesha kunomthetho.

Ukuqaphela Umphakathi Nokuqonda Amalungelo Okufihla Izindaba Zomuntu Siqu

Abantu abaningi abaqapheli izinga lokuqoqwa kokwaziswa noma indlela yokuvikela imfihlo yabo. Izimiso zangasese zidume kabi ngokuthatha isikhathi eside futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi − umMelika ovamile angadinga amahora angu-244 ngonyaka ukufunda yonke imithetho yemfihlo ahlangabezana nayo, ngokwenthlohlo ka-2019 kaCarnegie Mellon University. lendida ephikisanayo yezemfihlo [] lapho abantu bebonisa khona ukukhathazeka kodwa bethatha isinyathelo esincane, ngokuntula ukuqonda, isikhathi, noma ukholo oluyo oluyo oluyo luzoba yindaba.

Indima Yabantu Abavikela Isikhathi Sokuba Bodwa

Nakuba kudingeka izinguquko zesimiso sezinto, abantu bangathatha izinyathelo ezinengqondo zokulondoloza ukwaziswa kwabo ezimisweni ze - computer.

Sebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile, ayingqayizivele futhi ugunyaze isiqiniseko somdlali Wento Embili

Amamenenja egama lokungena njenge-Bitwaden noma 1 Password akhipha futhi agcine ama-password ayinkimbinkimbi, enciphisa ingozi yokwebiwa kwezinkomba. Isiqiniseko sengxenye ezimbili nezela ulwembu oluqinile, okwenza kube nzima ngabahlaseli ukuthola ama-akhawunti ngisho noma amagama-ayimfihlo ekhona. I-National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) itusa ukusebenzisa ama-phishting-reator avivision (umz. YubiKey) lapho kungenzeka khona.

Izinqumo Zokubukeza Ezicini Zokusebenza Nasema - akhawuntini

Kokubili i-Apple iOS ne-Android kunikeza ulawulo lwemfihlo oluyimfihlo olungenazinsini ze-operal metam-mgams ze-apple ye-apple, izivala izinkonzo zendawo zezinhlelo ezingazidingi, futhi zikhine umzila we-apple. Kudesktop, abaphehli be web abafana ne-Firefox ne Brave banikeza isivikelo esikhuliswe kahle sokulandelana. Hlola izimiso zemfihlo zezenhlalakahle okungenani kanye kanye ngekota, njengoba amapulatifomu ngokuvamile ethuthukisa izimiso zawo ezinephutha ukuze ahlanganyele ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Qaphela Ukuxoxa Ngokwaziswa Kwakho Nge - Internet

Cabanga kabili ngaphambi kokuba uthumele izithombe ezinezihlokwana, uhlanganise usuku lwakho lokuzalwa, noma uthathe izikhangiso ze-inthanethi ezivuna ukwaziswa kwezentengiselwano. Amarekhodi omphakathi kanye nama-data kudlulisele lokhu kwaziswa okudayiswa kubakhangisi, izikhangiso, nabaqashi. AmaNkonzo afana no-Delete Me kungasiza ekususeni ukwaziswa kwakho ezingosini ezithena imininingwane, kodwa indlela elula ukukwenza unciphise lokho okuhlanganyelayo.

Sebenzisa Ukubhala Okuyimfihlo Namathuluzi Asetshenziswayo

Khomba ukuxhumana kwakho: sebenzisa i-Syntact noma WhasApp (yombili sebenzisa ukukopisha kokugcina-ukuya-ekupheleni ngokwephutha). Sebenzisa isifushaniso sokufihla ikheli lakho le-IP, ikakhulukazi ku-Wi-Fi. Cabangela ukusebenzisa izinjini zokuhlola zangasese njengo DuckDuck Go kanye nezinqindi ze-imeyili njenge-ProtonMail. I-EctronGrontic Foundation inikeza iziqondiso namathuluzi okuvikela imfihlo yamathuluzi.

Ikusasa Lamalungelo Okufihla Izindaba Zomuntu Siqu

Ikusasa lamalungelo ezindaba zomuntu siqu liyoxhomeka kakhulu esimweni sengqondo somphakathi ngokuqapha nokuvikela ukwaziswa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezincwadi ukuze kuvikelwe imfihlo eqinile kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amalungelo abantu ahlonishwayo enkathini yobuchwepheshe.

Isidingo Esanda Somphakathi Sokubona Imibala

Abathengisi bafuna ngokuqhubekayo ukuba izinkampani zibonelele ngemisebenzi yokwaziswa. I-Apple's Traping Transparency isici se-Apple's, idinga i-apps ukucela imvume ngaphambi kokulandela i-oda, iyisibonelo sezindaba zomuntu siqu zemakethe. Ukuhlolwa komkhakha wa 2023 kwabonisa ukuthi u-8% wabathengi bakhathalela izinto zomuntu siqu futhi 80% bazimisele ukwenza ngo-"ngokushintsha izimpahla noma izingqongqo zokuzilungisa." Lokhu kubangela ukuba ezinye izinkampani zithathela indawo yazo njengenzuzo yokuncintisana.

Izivubukulo Zobuchwepheshe Ekuvikelweni Kwemininingwane

Ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisayo obufana nezindawo ezihlukene (zisetshenziswa yi-Apple kanye ne-Google), i-homomorphic ukuvulwa kombhalo ofingqiwe, futhi ukufunda okuxutshwe kakhulu kuvumela ukuhlaziywa kokwaziswa ngaphandle kokudalula imininingwane yomuntu siqu engacaci. Ukwembula izinhlelo zokuzichaza, okusekelwe kwi-blockchain, nikeza abantu ukuba balawule ngokwengeziwe ukuthi yiziphi izimfanelo zabo. GDPR ishumise intuthuko yobuchwepheshe bokwethungatha-mfihlo (PET), ngokuqalisa amathuluzi okuthuthukisa amathambo okungaqonda, ukuphatha, nokuhlela ulwazi.

Ukubambisana Kwembulunga Yonke Ngezindinganiso Zomuntu Ongabodwa

Njengoba i-data ihamba emingceleni, ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kuyagxeka. I-EU-US Data Bycycy se-Framework, esikhundleni se-Asbee, ihlose ukubusa ukudluliswa kokwaziswa okudlulisa ngaphandle kwe-Atlantic kuyilapho iqinisekisa isivikelo esanele. I-Council of Europe’s Convention 108+ ifuna ukuvumelanisa izindinganiso zemfihlo. Nokho, ukushukuma kwezentengiselwano yezwe nezindinganiso ezingafani ngokuhlola (umz., isimiso sokukhongoza sezwe samazwe samazwe ngokukhokha kanye nezibonelo zaseNtshonalanga ezivulekayo) yenza kube nzima ngempela. [[FFLT:0] ACLU] kanye namanye amaqembu amaqembu azimele ayaqhubeka nokuphonsa izivumelwano zokubopha izivumelwano zokubopha izivumelwano ezihlanganisa abantu bodwa.

Isiphetho

Njengoba sisebenzisa imishini eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlola, ukuqonda nokukhuthaza amalungelo ezindaba zomuntu siqu kusebalulekile. Ukuba wedwa akuyona nje isisekelo sokufihla imfihlo, ukusondelana nokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi. Ngaphandle kobumfihlo, abantu abakwazi ukuhlola imibono ngokukhululekile, ukwakha ubuhlobo ngaphandle kokuhlola, noma ukwenza ukuba abantu babe namandla. Ukukhukhuleka kwezindaba zomuntu siqu kusongela zonke ezinye inkululeko yomphakathi.

Kubalulekile ukuba abantu ngabanye, izinhlangano, nohulumeni basebenze ndawonye ukuze bavikele ilungelo eliyisisekelo lokuzifihla ngokukhululekile ezweni elihlangene kakhulu. Abantu ngabanye kumelwe bahlale benolwazi futhi bathathe izinyathelo eziqinile. Izinhlangano kumelwe zifake imfihlo ngokuklama imikhiqizo yazo futhi zihloniphe imvume yomsebenzisi. Ohulumeni kumelwe bahlele izimiso ezingokomthetho ukuze bavumelane namaqiniso esayensi nokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwezimiso eziqinile. Ukuqhubeka befunda, PRIVITAGE International[[[[[FLM:1]]] inikeza imithombo emikhulu yemali enikeza ukuqapha imingcele yembulunga yonke kanye nemfihlo. Ukulwela imfihlo yomuntu wemfihlo kungu.