Isinqumo esingokomlando iObergefell v. Hodges: Indlela Umshado ofana no-Scodom owathatha ngayo umthetho wezwe

NgoJune 26, 2015, iNkantolo ePhakeme yase-United States yakhipha isinqumo esipholile owell v. Hodges, ikholelwa ukuthi ilungelo eliyisisekelo lokushada liqinisekiswe emibhangqwana efanayo ekwi-Century Procesme Clausle ne-Movitement Claus eKhuselwe iSichibiyelo se-Genetic. Isinqumo se-5 &nadash;4 i-redised isithiwe imingcele esemthethweni evimbela ukushada okufanayo ezweni lonke, idinga ukuba kokubili abantu ababili bobulili obufanayo futhi baqaphele imishadoba. Ngaphezu nje kokunqoba kweLGTQ+, i-Oberge imelela ukuvuselelwa kwenkululeko yomthetho nesithunzi, ukuvala amalungelo angokomthetho eMelika.

Lesi sihloko sihlola isizinda, izimpikiswano ezingokomthetho, ukucabanga kweNkantolo Ephakeme, ithonya elisheshayo, nezinselele eziqhubekayo ezihlobene naleli cala eliphawulekayo.Sizohlola nokuthi lesi sinqumo siyaqhubeka kanjani sithonya izingxoxo zanamuhla zamalungelo omphakathi, inkululeko engokwenkolo nencazelo eguquguqukayo yomkhaya.

Umsuka Wenhlangano Yomshado Yokulingana

Ukulwela ukushada okuxekethile okungokobulima obufanayo akuzange kuqale ngo-Obergefell. Emashumini eminyaka, i-LGBTQ+ abashisekeli besebenza ngezishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni, izilinganiso ze-collet, nezinkantolo eziphansi ukuze kuvikelwe ilungelo lokushada. Impumelelo yokuqala engokomthetho yafika ngo 2003 lapho iSinkantolo esiPhakeme seMassachusetts sibusa Goridge v. Umnyango wezempilo ka-Preaser [[FLT] uhulumeni ungenakukwazi ukuphika izivumelwano zomshado zemibhangqwana ehlangene ehlangene ehlangene ngaphansi komthetho. Leso sinqumo senza uMassachusetts Massachuse i-U.

Kulandela i-Faupleridge, igagasi lempi nezenzo zomthetho lasakazekela kulo lonke izwe. Ezinye izifundazwe zamukela ukulingana komshado; ezinye zawuvimbela ngokucacile ngezimiso noma ngezinguquko zomthetho-sisekelo. Ngo-2014, amazwe angamashumi amathathu nayisikhombisa ayesanqabela umshado ofanayo wobulili, kuyilapho izifundazwe eziyishumi nantathu ne-Frigiode yaseColumbia zawuvumela. Lemithetho ehlukene yabangela ukungaqiniseki okukhulu okungokomthetho ngemibhangqwana eshadile engongqingili esizwe esisodwa kuphela ukuba ithuthele kwenye enqaba ukuqaphela ukuhlangana kwayo.

Icala Eliyinhloko Elaholela E - Obergefell

Amacala amaningana abalulekile abekela ukuvinjelwa kwezwe inselele futhi abeka isisekelo seNkantolo Ephakeme i-’ izingenela. Ngo-2010, icala likahulumeni Perry v. Schwarzeger (kamuva i-Hollingsworth v. Perry) yabulala iCalifornia ’ ukumisa 8, okwayivimbele umshado owe-ex. Inkantolo ePhakathi yagcina yasilahla isikhalo sokudlulisa icala ezimeleni, ivumela imishado efanayo ye-ex ukuba iphinde iqale eCalifornia kodwa ishiye umbuzo omkhulu ungapheli.

Elinye icala elibucayi kwakuyi- United States v. Windsor (203), eyagumbuqela iCandelo 3 le-Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA). INkantolo yanquma ukuthi uhulumeni kahulumeni wezwe wayengenakulahla imishado efanayo esemthethweni ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni. UWindsor wasungula ukuthi imibhangqwana efanayo eshadile esemthethweni yayinelungelo lokuthola izinzuzo zikahulumeni, kodwa yayingadingi ukuba ivume noma iqaphele imishado enjalo.

Leyo nselele yamiswa ngenselele eqondile yokuvinjelwa kwezwe. Yabangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kwecala elihlukene leMichigan, iOhio, iKentucky, neTennessee — izifundazwe zonke ezinemithetho noma izinguquko zomthetho ngokomthetho ezichaza umshado njengowendoda nowesifazane.

AmaPlato: Izindaba Zothando, Ukulahlekelwa Nesithunzi

Enkabeni ye-Obergefell v. Hodges abantu bangempela abaphila ngemithetho yobandlululo. I-lead i-life foltiff, uJacob Obergefell, u-Ohioh ngenxa yokwenqaba ukumdweba njengomngane womshado osele kaJohn Arthur, umngane wakhe weminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. U-Arthur wahlushwa isifo sokuqina kwemizwa (ALS), futhi umbhangqwana wahamba waya eMaryland ukuyoshada ngo 2013 lapho kucaca ukuthi u-Arthursquo; ukufa, u-Ohio wenqaba ukuqaphela umshado ku-Arthurs &quo; isitifiketi. I-bergededay wafuna ukuba i-squor; u-Aldquor; u-sgnodever, kodwa u-o ngokomthetho.

Ezinye iziqu zangaphandle zazihlanganisa u-April DeBoer noJayne Roude, umbhangqwana waseMichigan owawufuna ukuthatha izingane zawo ezintathu ngokubambisana kodwa wawungeke ngoba iMichigan ’ ukuvinjelwa komshado kwawavimbela ukuba aqashelwe njengombhangqwana oshadile.

Izindaba ezishiwo abamangaleli zagcizelela ukuthi umshado awusona nje isivumelwano esingokomthetho kodwa uwukubonakaliswa okuyisisekelo kothando, ukuzinikela, nesithunzi somuntu.

Izimpikiswano Ezingokomthetho Phambi KweNkantolo Ephakeme

Amacala aqiniswa anikeza imibuzo emibili eyinhloko: (1) Ingabe iSichibiyelo Seshumi Nane sidinga ukuba kunikezwe imvume yokushada abantu ababili bobulili obufanayo? ( 2) Ingabe iSichibiyelo Seshumi Nane sidinga ukuba kuvunyelwe ngokomthetho ukushada obulili obufanayo kwesinye isifundazwe?

Abaceli ’ Izimpikiswano

I-attorney yemibhangqwana efanayo engowesilisa yaphikisa ukuthi umshado uyilungelo eliyisisekelo elivikelwe yi-Sect Procesme Claus. Bakhomba izandulela ezinjenge ukuphuma v. Virginia [1967], eyaqeda ukuvinjelwa komshado wezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene, futhi i-Reverley v. [1987], eyavikela ilungelo leziboshwa lokushada. Abaceli balondoloza ukuthi izimiso ezifanayo zomthetho womthetho womuntu siqu, ubuhlobo bomkhaya ezazisetshenziswa emibhangqwana emelene-exx - Expression.

Baqhubeka bethi ukuvinjelwa kukahulumeni kwaphula i-Uncial Protection Claus ngokulahla isithakazelo sobulili. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuvinjelwa akunaso isithakazelo sikahulumeni esingokomthetho i-— futhi ngokuvamile kwakusekelwe ekungamukeleni kokuziphatha noma ekulahleni i-antimus — babengenakusinda nganoma yiliphi izinga lokuhlola kokwahlulela. i-Placttiffs ’ ukufushaniswa kwaveza ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kwemibhangqwana efanayo exhunyiwe kuncishwa izinzuzo nesivikelo zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise nezinzuzo zenhlala zenhlalo, izinzuzo zentela, kanye namalungelo okuhaviswa esibhedlela.

Abasabelayo Abathi Bavimbele Ukuvinjelwa KoMbuso

Amazwe avikela ukuvinjelwa aye aphikisa ngokuthi umlando uye waqondwa njengesibopho phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane, nokuthi lokho kusho ukuthi kunesithakazelo esifanelekile ekukhuthazeni ukuzala nokuzala abantwana phakathi kwaleso simiso esingokwesiko.

Amaqembu amaningana enkululeko yenkolo anikeza isixwayiso esifushane sokuthi izifundazwe ezifuna ukuqaphela umshado ongokobulili obufanayo zingaphazamisa izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo zabantu nezinhlangano eziphikisa ukuhlangana okunjalo ngezizathu zokuziphatha noma zemfundiso yenkolo. Nokho, iNkantolo ayizange ikholwe ukuthi lezizinkathazo zifanele ukulahla ilungelo eliyisisekelo ezigidini zamaMelika.

ISinqumo SeNkantolo Ephakeme i - &ssquo; Isinqumo: Ukuqina Okushaqisayo Kokulingana

NgoJune 26, 2015, uMahluleli uAnthony Kennedy wanikeza umbono ngo-5-4, ohlanganiswe neNkantolo i-’ amajaji amane akhululekile: iGinsburg, iBreyer, iSotomayotor, neKagan. Umbono uphawuleka ngolimi lwayo olukhulayo ngencazelo yomshado nangendima yayo ekuhlonipheni abantu.

UMahluleli uKennedy wabhala: “ Akukho ukuhlangana okujule kakhulu kunomshado, ngoba kuhlanganisa izinhloso eziphakeme kakhulu zothando, ukwethembeka, ukuzinikela, ukuzidela, nomkhaya. Ekwakheni isibopho somshado, abantu ababili baba yinto enkulu kuneyabo kanye. ” wagcizelela ukuthi abaceli bafuna ukungalulazi umshado kodwa baphile ukuphila kwabo ngesizo esihloniphekile nangenhlonipho. INkanto ephethe ukuthi ilungelo lokushada liyinkululeko eyisisekelo emqondweni wokuzimela, futhi ukuthi imibhangqwana efanayo ingasebenzisa lokho kanye kanye kanye nemibhangqwana ehlukene neyo.

Amankinombho

  • Umshado uyilungelo eliyisisekelo elivikelwe i - Accouste Procesme of the 14th Reformation, futhi lelolungelo lifinyelela nasemibhangqwana ehlanganyela ubulili obufanayo.
  • Imithetho yoMbuso enqabela umshado ongowesilisa ukonakalisa i - Aumeal Protection Clause ngoba ikhetha ubulili ngesisekelo esingenasithakazelo esingokomthetho kuhulumeni.
  • Imishado yobulili obufanayo eyenzeka ngokomthetho kwezinye izindawo, iqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwesimo somshado nezinzuzo kulo lonke elasezindaweni zikahulumeni.

Imibono Engqubuzanayo

Abahluleli abane abaphikisanayo bawakhipha amajaji awe-— u-Roberts, uScalia, uThomas, no-Alito — abhala amaphuzu ahlukene aveza ukungavumelani okujulile. IJaji eliyinhloko uRoberts lathi iningi liye lalahla indima yalo yokwahlulela ngokuvuselela isikhungo esasikhona iminyaka eyinkulungwane. Waxwayisa ukuthi isinqumo u-“ imislist bezokhuthaza abantu baseMelika ngesimo soMthetho-sisekelo ” futhi bezolimaza iNkathi yeNkantolo &squo; babezolimaza i-Courtismental&rquo; babe ne- Justice Alation ebona ukuthi i-Alquo; ukumangalela iningi lokuhileleka kwesinqumo sobugqili. Umthetho u-Alquactive .

Naphezu kobungako bokungavumelani, i-’ ukubusa kwayo kwakuba namandla angokomthetho asheshayo. Ngamahora ambalwa ngemva kwesinqumo, izikhulu zikahulumeni ezisezindaweni eziningana zaqala ukukhipha amalayisensi omshado emibhangqwaneni efanayo engokobulili obuhlukile, futhi amazwe asele alandela ngokushesha.

Ithonya Elisheshayo Nelesikhathi Eside Ngamalungelo Omshado

Umphumela ongokoqobo we-Obergefell v. Hodges wayeshesha futhi egcwele. Ngobusuku, imibhangqwana exubene neshende ezindaweni ezingamashumi amahlanu yathola ilungelo lokushada, futhi imishado ekhona evela kwezinye izifunda yayiqinisekisiwe. Isinqumo sanwetshwa ngokuzenzekelayo kumalungelo ombuso angaphezulu kuka-100, nemithwalo yemfanelo, kuhlanganise nezinzuzo zentela, ukulondolozwa kwezentengiselwano, nefa, emibhangqwaneni efanayo yezentethe ehlangene neyo.

Umthetho Womkhaya Namalungelo Obuzali

Enye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu eziye zathinteka kakhulu ngumthetho womkhaya. Imithetho yoMbuso elawula ukutholwa kwabantwana, ukubeletha, nokunakekela izingane ngaphambili yadala imingcele emikhayeni ehlukene. Ngemva kokuba u-Obergefell, imibhangqwana eshadile eshadile ingathola kalula izingane, ithole izingane zokutholwa ngomzali wesibili, futhi bobabili abazali babhalelwe ezitifiketi zokuzala. Izinkantolo zaqala ukusebenzisa imibono efanayo yezingane zomzali ezisebenza emibhangqwaneni ehlukene neyodwa. Lokhu kwasusa izimo eziningi ezibuhlungu lapho ingane ingathola khona umzali oyedwa ongokomthetho noma ingalahlekelwa ubuhlobo nomzali ongoyedwa ongowesayensi yemvelo ngemva kokuhlukana.

Ukufuduka Nokuchitha I - spareal Speator

Imibhangqwana engokuziphatha okufanayo kwesizwe, u-Obergefell yanikeza ikhambi elibalulekile. Ngaphambi kwesinqumo, ngisho nasezizweni lapho ukushada kwabantu abangocansi kwakusemthethweni, iziphathimandla zikahulumeni zokufuduka ngezinye izikhathi zazilibala noma zinqabe ukuthatha amakhadi aluhlaza asekelwe eMthethweni Womshado. Ngemva kokuba uWindsor eqedise iDOMA, ne-Obergefell yenza ukuba umshado ube yi-acial everse, imibhangqwana engokwabelanayo izuza amalungelo afanayo okufuduka njengemibhangqwana ehlukene ne-excone. Lokhu kwavumela izinkulungwane zemikhaya ukuba zihlale ndawonye e-United States.

Ukunakekelwa Kwempilo Nesinqumo Sezokwelapha

Ukuhambela izibhedlela, ukwenza izinqumo zezokwelapha, nokukhokhelwa kwemali yezempilo nakho kwathuthuka kakhulu. Ngaphambi kwe-Obergefell, imibhangqwana eminingi engokobulili obufanayo yabhekana nokwesaba kokungavunyelwa ukuba ikwazi ukuhlangana nomngane wayo u-’ ilele esimweni esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ukuqaphela okungokomthetho umshado kwaqinisekisa ukuthi abangane bomshado bangazenza izinqumo zokwelapha, bavakashele izikhungo zokunakekela impilo yabesabisa, futhi bathole izicwangciso zomshuwalense wezempilo zomkhaya ngaphandle kokucwasa.

Ukuqhubeka Nezinselele Ezingokomthetho Nezenhlalo

Nakuba u-Obergefell axazulula umbuzo womthetho-mthetho womshado ongowobulili obufanayo, awuzange uqede ukulwela ukulingana okuphelele. Kusenempikiswano eminingi, eminingi yayo eye yaba izithakazelo zezibalo kwezombangazwe nakumthetho waseMelika.

I-LGBTQ+ Umthetho

Eminyakeni elandela i-Obergefell, eminye imibuso yamisa imithetho evumela ngokuqondile ukucwaswa kwe-LGBTQ + abantu ezindaweni ezinjengokutholwa kwabantwana abashayelwa ekhaya, indawo yokuhlala, umsebenzi, nezindawo zomphakathi i-— ngokuvamile ngaphansi kokuzisholo ukuthi ivikela inkululeko engokwenkolo. Ngokwesibonelo, imibuso eminingana iye yanikeza izinhlangano zokutholwa imvume yokungavumeli izingane ukuba zifake imibhangqwana engontanga efanayo uma ukwenza kanjalo kungangqubuzana nezinkolelo zayo ezingokwenkolo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, igagasi le “ ibhukwana lezekwenziso zegumbi elisebenza ngemithetho i” futhi ukuhileleka kwezemidlalo kubekelwe imingcele abantu abathatha imvume. Ezinye izazi zomthetho ziphikisa ngokuthi lezi zinyathelo zibuye zivunyelaniswe imizamo yokumelana nomqondo ka-Obergefell kanye nomzabalazo wokulingana. I-Litigation iyaqhubeka ngokuthi imithetho enjalo ingqubuzana yini neSichibiyelo se-14.

Inkululeko Engokwenkolo Nonembeza Kuyavikelwa

Ukungezwani phakathi kwe-LGBTQ+ amalungelo nenkululeko engokwenkolo mhlawumbe kuyindaba ephikelelayo engokomthetho yangemva kwe-Obergefell. Umbono wabaningi wavuma ukuthi i-“ labo abanamathela ezimfundisweni zenkolo ezichaza umshado njengophakathi kwendoda nowesifazane bangaqhubeka benza kanjalo, i-&grdquo; kodwa ayinikezanga isiqondiso esiqinisekile sokuxazulula izingxabano phakathi kwezinkolelo ezingokwenkolo nemithetho engaguquguquki. Lokhu kuye kwaholela enqwabeni yezezezomthetho eziphezulu zenkolo, kuhlanganise [[FLT:] amacatestry macketp v. Coloradomment Commission Rights [20] imingcele engokomthetho yomhlaba enqabile, [FOLD:]) ne-Exptions.[FLANT] [2] [2]

Ezinye izinhlangano zenkolo nabantu ngabanye baye bafuna ukuvikela ilungelo labo lokungaphathi imishado efanayo noma ukunikeza inzuzo yezindlu noma umsebenzi kuphela kubantu abahlukene ngokobulili. Inkantolo ivame ukwenqaba ukuvinjelwa okungalimaza kakhulu i-LGBTQ + abantu, kodwa futhi iye yashiya indawo yokuhlala elinganiselwe uma ingasilulazi isithembiso esiyisisekelo sokulingana.

Imizamo Yezombangazwe Yokushintsha Noma Yokulawula IOberge Wafe

Ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eyishumi yomthetho omisiwe, kuye kwaba nemizamo yezombangazwe neyezomthetho yokugodla i-Obergefell. Ngo-2022, iNkantolo Ephakeme i-’ isinqumo ku- Dobbs v. Jackson Women ’ Organization Health Organization[, eyaye yagumbuqela uRoe v. Wade, yashukumisela abanye abahlaziyi ababambelele emthethweni ukuba basikisele ezinye inqubo eziyisisekelo, kuhlanganise no-Obergefell, zingaphinde zithathwe kabusha. Umthetho we-Ostry Thomas ’ u-rence wavumelana eDobs wabiza ngokucacile iNkantolo ukuba iphinde ikhiphe imithetho yayo emshadweni, ukuvimbela, nokusondelana okufanayo.

Ekuphenduleni, uKhongolo lwadlula i-Respect for Marriage Act ngo-December 2022, eyagunyaza ukuqashelwa kwemithetho yemishado efanayo exubile neyamaqembu ezinhlanga futhi yafunwa izifundazwe ukuba ziqaphele imishado engokomthetho kwezinye izizwe. Umthetho waklanyelwe ukunikeza i-patting netting the transcut uma iNkanto ephakeme ifuna ukugumbula i-Obergefell. Yadlula ngokusekela kwe-bipartis, ibonisa inguquko ephawulekayo engokombono womphakathi kusukela ngo- 2015. Nokho, umthetho awufuni ukuba kunikezwe imithetho yokukhipha imvume yomshado esemthethweni efanayo uma i-Obergegedate; kuphela ufuna ukuqashelwa kwemishado evela kwezinye izinhlangano.

Ukuhlolwa komphakathi kubonisa njalo ukuthi iningi lamaMelika eliqinile lisekela umshado ongowesilisa. NgokwePew Research Center, njengango-2023, 61% yabantu abadala base-U.S. bavumela ukuvunyelwa komshado ofanayo wobulili, nakuba engu-32% kuphela ewuphikisayo. Ukusekela kunamandla kakhulu phakathi kwezizukulwane ezisha. Lokhu kushintsha kwempucuko kuye kwenza ukuba kube namathemba okushintsha i-Obergefell cishe mancane, nakuba kungenakwenzeka, kunikezwa i-Court ’ i-o enkulu kakhulu yamuva.

Okushiwo Incazelo Ebanzi Ngamalungelo Omphakathi

I-Obergefell v. Hodges ayiyona nje indaba emayelana nomshado; iyingqophamlando eyenzekayo emfundisweni eqhubekayo yamalungelo omphakathi eMelika. Isinqumo saqinisekisa ukuthi uMthetho-sisekelo uvikela izinqumo ezisondelene zomuntu siqu ezichaza ukuchaza komuntu nokuphila komkhaya. Yawulahla umbono wokuthi uhulumeni ungawabekela imingcele amalungelo ayisisekelo asekelwe ekungamukeleni kokuziphatha kweqembu elithile.

Isizathu se Obergefell siye sacashunwa emacaleni alandelayo ahilela amalungelo abazali, ukutholwa, ngisho nezimpikiswano ngokuphathelene namalungelo omntwana. Nakuba iNkantolo ingakawanwebi iObergefell ’ icabangela kuzo zonke izici ze LGBTQ+ amelene nobandlululo, lesisinqumo siye sanikeza isimiso esiqinile esingokomthetho sokuphikisa ukuthi ukuthambekela ngokobulili kuyisigaba esisodwa esifanelwe ukuhlolwa kakhulu.

Isinqumo sashukumisa izinhlangano ezifanayo kwamanye amazwe. Amazwe amaningana, kuhlanganise i-Australia, iColombia, neTaiwan, agunyaza umshado ongokobulili obufanayo eminyakeni elandela i-Obergefell, ngokuvamile ecaphuna iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S. i-’ icabanga. IKomiti yamaLungelo obuntu yeZizwe Ezihlangene iye yakhomba futhi isinqumo esikwehlulelwe ngokwayo ukulingana kwelungelo lomshado njengomuntu.

Ifa Elihlala Njalo Le - Obergefell

Ishumi leminyaka ngemva kwesinqumo, ukuphila kwansuku zonke kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zemibhangqwana engokobulili obufanayo nemikhaya yabo kuye kwashintshwa kakhulu ukuze kube ngcono. Izingane zikhula zazi ukuthi bobabili abazali bazo baqashelwa ngokomthetho njengonina noma oyise. Abafelokazi nabafelwa bangaqoqa izinzuzo zeNhlalandawo Yezokuphepha. Abafelokazi bangazenza izinqumo zezokwelapha ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuchezukiswa. Isithunzi esilula, esinamandla sokukwazi ukuthi i &lquo; umyeni wami ” noma i &lquo; umkakhemy &ldo; u-&rdo; ngaphandle kwemfanelo engokomthetho manje esingumthetho esingundayo ingokoqobo kubantu abayizigidi zaseMelika.

Kodwa ukulwela ukulingana okuphelele akukapheli. Ukungqubuzana okungokomthetho namasiko ngokukhulula ngokwenkolo, amalungelo okudlulisa ubandlululo, kanye nobukhulu bemithetho engahleleki kumelela umngcele olandelayo. Kodwa isisekelo esabekwa ngu-Obergefell sinamandla: isimiso sokuthi uMthetho-sisekelo awuvumeli uhulumeni ukuba umise lonke isigaba sabantu ukuba sibe isakhamuzi sesigaba sesibili.

Isiphetho

Obergefell v. Hodges ingenye yezinqumo zamalungelo omphakathi ezilandelanayo emlandweni waseMelika. Yandisa ukusungulwa komshado ukuze kuhlanganise imibhangqwana ehlangene ngokulinganayo, iqinisekisa lolo thando, isibopho, nomndeni ukudlula ubulili. Isinqumo asisukanga ekungabini yindawo engaphandle kodwa engamashumini eminyaka ezenzo, ukubekwa intethe, nesibindi sabantu abenqaba ukwamukela ukuthi ubuhlobo babo abufaneleki.

Nakuba izinselele ziphikelela i-— kusukela ekuthatheni umthetho wezimiso zokusongela u-— umnyombo wokuphatha i-Obergefell uhlala uwumthetho wezwe. Ifa lawo liyabonakala ekuphileni kwemibhangqwana efanayo engokobulili obufanayo manje engashada, ikhulise abantwana, futhi ikhule kanye nesivikelo esigcwele somthetho. Njengoba umphakathi uqhubeka uphikisana ngencazelo yokulingana, u-Obergefell uyohlala unikeza isici esibonisa ukuthi inkululeko ingowabo bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bathanda bani.

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