Indima Eyisisekelo Yemfundo Yesici Sombuso Wentando Yeningi Wanamuhla

Imfundo ye-pic ifana netshe le-democracy esebenzayo. Inikeza izakhamuzi ulwazi, amakhono, kanye nezimo ezidingekayo ukuze zihlanganyele ngokucabangela nangempumelelo ekuphileni komphakathi. Enkathini ephawulwa ukuncipha kokuthembela ezinhlanganweni, ukukhula kwezezombangazwe, futhi incishiswe umvoti phakathi kwentsha − ngokungafani nesidingo sokuqina, ukufundiswa kwesizwe akukaze kusheshe kusheshiswe kakhulu. Uma kwenziwa kahle, imfundo yomphakathi ayifundisi nje amaqiniso ngohulumeni; ihlakulela umuzwa wezenkolo, umthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nokuba yiyo ebangela isibopho sokuphila.

Isihloko sokuqala siqokomisa ngokufanele ukuthi imfundo yomphakathi ihlomisa abantu ukuba baqonde amalungelo nezibopho zabo. Lokhu kuqonda kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokusuka ekubeni isakhamuzi esingenzi lutho ungene shí ekuhlanganyeleni. Ngokuhlola izakhiwo zikahulumeni, incazelo yomthetho - sisekelo, kanye nokhetho, izakhamuzi zithola amathuluzi okulawula imibuso eyinkimbinkimbi yezombangazwe nokugcina abaholi bazo benecala. Ngaphandle kwalolu lwazi lwesisekelo, izakhamuzi zingachayeka ngokuphelele ekuqanjweni, zilulaze indwangu yentando yeningi.

Ukuqonda Imfundo Ehlangene: Ulwazi, Amakhono, Nokungavumelani

Imfundo ye-pic ayisona nje isigaba sikahulumeni wasesikoleni esiphakeme. Inqubo yokuphila konke, ephindaphindwayo eyenzeka ezikoleni, emiphakathini, nasemithonjeni yezindaba. Ekujuleni kwayo, ihlanganisa izindawo ezintathu ezihlangene: ulwazi lomphakathi, amakhono omphakathi, nezimo zomphakathi.

Ulwazi Oluhlangene

Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqonda uMthetho-sisekelo, u-Bill of Rights, ukwahlukana kwamagunya, uhulumeni, nemisebenzi yohulumeni bendawo, bombuso, nobesizwe. Kuhlanganisa nolwazi lwecala lezehlakalo ezivelele, ukulwela amalungelo omphakathi, nokusebenza kwamaqembu ezombangazwe nezesithakazelo. Ukucwaninga [ku- [ukuya eMhlanganweni] Wenkcazelo nokucwaninga ngeCBICT Learnicon and Actiment (CITYM) kubonisa ukuthi abafundi abanezinga eliphakeme lolwazi bangaba neqhathayo emphakathi.

Amakhono Emisebenzi

Ulwazi olungenasenzo lusabonakala. Amakhono e-COVIC enza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukusebenzisa lokho ezikwaziyo. Lezi zihlanganisa ukucabanga okugxekayo ukuze zihlaziye imithombo yezindaba nezimpikiswano zezombangazwe, zihlonze ukuxoxa ngezindaba ngenhlonipho nalabo abanemibono ephikisanayo, futhi zisebenzisane nabanye emisebenzini yomphakathi. Amakhono adlulela nasemisebenzini esebenzayo enjengokubhalisa ukuvota, ukuxhumana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe, noma ukufakazela ekuqulweni kwasobala.

Izinhlobo Zezici

Mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu nokunzima kakhulu ukufundisa, isimo somphakathi yimikhuba yengqondo nenhliziyo esekela ukubusa ngentando yeningi: umuzwa wokusebenza, ukubekezelela umehluko, ukuzimisela ukwenza okuhle okufanayo, nokuzimisela ukuxoxa ngomphakathi. Lezi zimfanelo ziguqula ulwazi namakhono kube ukuhlanganyela okungaguquguquki, okukhuthaza. Ngaphandle kwezimo ezinjengokufuna ukwazi nozwela, ngisho nesakhamuzi esinolwazi kakhulu singazithela ekugxekeni noma ekunganakini.

Indlela Imfundo Ehambisana Nezigebengu Ezihlanganyela Ngayo

Imfundo ye - pic ikhuthaza ukuthembisana ngokuhlanganisa abantu nemiphakathi yabo nangesimiso sentando yeningi esikhulu.

Ukucabanga Okubalulekile Okukhuthazayo Ngezinkinga Zezenhlalo

Imfundo ephumelelayo yomphakathi ithatha ukucasha ngekhanda ukuze icebise abafundi ukuba balwe nezinkinga zangempela zezwe − ukushintsha kwemali, ukungalingani kwenzuzo, ubulungisa bobuhlanga (hkusukela engxoxweni, impikiswano, nemfundo esekelwe kumsebenzi. Izinhlelo ezifana ne [FLT]]][FLT]][FLT]] isigaba somganga sisebenzisa imfaniso nezilingo zokugcona ukuze senze imiqondo ephathekayo icace. Uma intsha ifundiswa ukuhlola, ukucabangela imibono eminingi, futhi ilungise imibono yayo, cishe kakhulu bangahlala benolwazi futhi bakhulume ngezindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukuqaphela Izindaba Zendawo Nezesizwe

Ngokuvamile, igebe phakathi kokufunda ngohulumeni nokuzizwa uhlangene nawo lisuka ekungazini ukuthi izimiso zithinta kanjani ukuphila kwansuku zonke. Imfundo ye-CBIC ehlanganisa izibonelo zendawo − njengezinqumo zomkhandlu wedolobha ekuhlahleni noma ekuxhaseni isikole — isiza abafundi babone ukuthi ukungenela kwezenhlangothi zomphakathi kuhlangene. Imisebenzi yenkonzo ehilela ukucwaninga inkinga yomphakathi kanye nokuveza izixazululo ziphumelela kakhulu. Ngokwemibiko engu-2020 evela ku-[FLT] [[FLT]] [iinkulu] IKhomisha yomphakathi yokuhlanganyela kwezenteko yomphakathi.[FLT]][FLT]], lemikha ethinta impumelelo ephawulekayo abafundi abaqala ukubophela izivumelwano.

Ukwakha Inhloko - dolobha Nezingosi Zomphakathi

Ukuhlanganyela akusona isenzo esisodwa; kukhula ngobuhlobo. Imfundo ye-COBIC ehlanganisa imisebenzi yeqembu, ukubusa kwesikole (njengemikhandlu yabafundi), kanye nobudlelwane bomphakathi kusiza abafundi ukuba bakhe inhloko - dolobha yezenhlalo (izinhlangano zokuthembana nokuvuselela ezenza kube nokwenzeka. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kufundisa intsha indlela yokuhlela, yokuxoxa, nokuhola. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imikhuba eyakhelwe ezimisweni zesikole iguqukela ekuvoteni, ekuvoti, ekusebenzeni ngokuzithandela, nasekugijimeni ihhovisi.

Izinzuzo Ezingadalulwa Zemfundo Enamandla Yesibalo

Isihloko sokuqala sikhuluma ngalezi zinzuzo; singanikeza ukujula nobufakazi obuningi.

Intuthuko Ekhuphukile

Ucwaningo oluningi luqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi abathola imfundo ephakeme yomphakathi bangavota sebebadala. Ukuhlola okuphawulekayo kwe-American Political Science Review kwathola ukuthi imisebenzi ethile yasekilasini njengokuxoxa ngezenzakalo zamanje, ukuhlanganyela ezimpikiswaneni, nokufunda ngokubhaliswa kwamavoti (ithuba lokubhaliswa) ngamaphesenti amahlanu kuya kwayishumi kunalawo angadalulwanga. Lokhu kunamandla kakhulu kubafundi abavela emiphakathini engokomlando encikene, lapho imfundo yezezwe ingasiza ekuvaleni izikhala.

Amaqembu Omphakathi Aqinile

Izinhlangano ezinezinhlelo zemfundo yomphakathi eziqinile zivame ukuba namanani aphakeme okuzithandela, ukuba amalungu ezinhlangano zendawo, nokuthembisana emahholo edolobha noma emihlanganweni yesikole. Lemisebenzi yenza ukuba umphakathi wesizwe uthembeke kakhulu okwenza imiphakathi ikwazi ukumelana nezikhathi zenhlekelele. Ngokwesibonelo, izindawo ezihlangene nomphakathi owengeziwe zilulama ngokushesha ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo nasekuntengantenga kwezomnotho ngoba izakhamuzi seziyakwazi kakade ukuhlanganisa imizamo.

Ukulandisa Kukahulumeni Omkhulu

Izakhamuzi ezifundile zihlonyiselwe kangcono ukuqondisa izenzo zikahulumeni, ukubuza izikhulu ezingabaliyo, nokufuna ukuba ngcono. Uma abavoti beqonda inqubo yokuhlelwa kwemali, indima yezinhlangano ezilawulayo, nendlela yokubhala izicelo zerekhodi lomphakathi, baba izinja eziphumelelayo. Lokhu kucindezela kuholela ekubusweni okusabela ngokwengeziwe futhi kunganciphisa inkohlakalo. Umphumela ukhuliswa uma imfundo yezezakhamuzi ihlanganisa izifundo ezifundweni zezokubhala, okwenza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukuhlukanisa imithombo yezindaba ethembekile nenkulumo - zenkohliso.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo Ezibhekene Nemfundo Yesibalo

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwayo okuqinisekisiwe, imfundo yomphakathi e - United States nakwamanye amazwe amaningi iye yancishiswa, yabekwa eceleni, futhi yafakwa ezinhlangothini zesonto.

Igebe Lemali Nemali

Kusukela iNo Child Led Bend zera, izikole ziye zabeka kakhulu ukufunda nezibalo, ngokuvamile ngokulahlekelwa yizihloko ezinjengomlando, izakhamuzi, nobuciko. Ngokwe-University of Education of U.S., cishe ingxenye kuphela yezifundazwe idinga izifundo zeminyaka yonke zasesikoleni esiphakeme. Ngisho nalapho kukhona izifundo, izinto zivame ukuphelelwa isikhathi noma zingafinyeleli ukujula. Izifunda eziningi azinamali yokuya ezindaweni zikahulumeni, izikhulu ezishicile, noma izimemezeli zokukhetha izimemezelo zokuhlenga, qhatha, noma amashekethisi okufunda amaqembu esizwe azenza izakhamuzi ziphile.

I - “curicula ” Eshintshashintshayo Neyokuxutshwa Kwemithi

Okubalulekile ukuthi imfundo yomphakathi iyahlukahluka ngokwezimo zesifunda nesikole kuya kwesinye. Ezinye izifundo zangemva kwesikole zigxila kakhulu ezimisweni zikahulumeni, kuyilapho ezinye zigcizelela ukuthatha isinyathelo kanye nobulungisa bezenhlalo. Lokhu kungafani kuye kwabekwa icala ngokwezombangazwe, lapho kuphikisana ngokuthi umphakathi kufanele uthathe uhlangothi noma uthuthukise ngokuqondile izindinganiso zentando yeningi njengokulingana nokuhlanganiswa. Umphumela uyisici esishiya abafundi abaningi bengawaqondi kahle amalungelo abo nemithwalo yabo yemfanelo.

Ukulungiselela Nokusekela Kothisha

Imfundo ye-Covic ifuna othisha abanezingxoxo ezikhululekile eziqondene nempikiswano, abaphatha imibono ehlukene, nezinkulumo zomphakathi zokulingisa. Nokho othisha abaningi bezenhlalo babika ukuthi bazizwa bengakulungele noma bengaqiniseki. Intuthuko yobuchwepheshe engokwezenhlalo ilinganiselwe, futhi othisha bangase besabe ukuphambana kwabazali noma abaphathi lapho bekhuthaza abafundi ukuba bathathe izenzakalo zamanje. Ukuhlolwa kwe-American Historical Association kwathola ukuthi abafundisi abaningi bagwema izihloko ezithiwa “izombangazwe kakhulu,” ezithi zisho ukulahlekelwa yinjongo yemfundo yomphakathi.

Ukunganaki Komphakathi NobuCynic

Ngisho nezifundo ezingcono kakhulu zingalwa nempucuko edumisa ukuzikhetha nokuthenga ngenxa yezenzo zomphakathi. Intsha eningi ikhula izwa ukuthi ukuvota kwayo akunandaba noma ukuthi bonke abezombangazwe abonakele. Imithetho yezokuxhumana yezenhlalo ibangela intukuthelo nezindawo zokunanela, yenza kube nzima ukubona ukubaluleka kokuyekethisa noshintsho olunenani. Ukunqoba le nkolelo yokungathandi ukufundiswa kwesizwe kungagcini nje ngokufundisa kodwa kubangele umehluko.

Izinqubo Zemfundo Yesiko Ephumelelayo

Ukuze banqobe lezinselele, othisha, abakhi bezimiso, nabaholi bomphakathi kumelwe bathathe indlela yamabomu nebanzi. Isihloko sokuqala sinikeza uhlu lokuqala; singanweba ngamacebo okucwaninga abuye abuye ahlolwe.

Imfundo Engenambala Engalé Kwesimiso Sokucwaninga

Kunokuhlanganisa umphakathi nezifundo zobumongameli, izikole zingahlanganisa izindaba zomphakathi emlandweni, ezincwadini, isayensi, ngisho nezifunda zezibalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ikilasi lesayensi lingaxoxa ngendima yobufakazi ezimpikiswaneni zezimiso, kuyilapho ikilasi lezincwadi lingahlaziya ukusungulwa kwezinkulumo zomongameli. Lendlela yokujezisa iqinisa umqondo wokuthi ukuphila komphakathi akuyona indawo ehlukile kodwa kuthinta zonke izici zomphakathi. Izifunda eziningi, kuhlanganise i-Illinois ne-California, zigunyaze ukuhlangana okunjalo.

Yamukela Ukufunda Okubalulekile Nokuyinkonzo

Imfundo yekilasi kumelwe ithakwe ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuyenziwa abafundi basebenzise amakhono omphakathi emongo wezwe ngempela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokhetho oluyize, izishaya-mthetho zezifundo, izinkantolo zomjaho wabafundi, nemisebenzi yenkonzo ekhuluma ngezidingo zomphakathi zangempela. [[FLT]]4] HEWUTCD Development Program[[FLT]] [FLT] kudala] ibonise amandla emfundo ekhululekile ekwakheni inzuzo yomphakathi. Izinhlelo ezithi abafundi ababili abaneziluleko zohulumeni bendawo noma abavumele ukuba bahlanganyele ekuhlanganyeleni ezidingweni zomphakathi ziye zabonisa imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Ukutshala Imali Kuthisha

Othisha badinga ukuqeqeshwa okuphakeme kokuthuthukisa ingxoxo ehloniphekayo, ukusingatha izingxoxo ezinzima, nokuklama izakhiwo. Intuthuko yobuchwepheshe kufanele ibhekise ulwazi lwezokuxhumana ne-octal ne-generic, ihlomise othisha ukuba basize abafundi ukuba basebenzise i-website eyinkimbinkimbi yolwazi. I-network enjenge-Cbics Reneuneyal Network inikeza abafundisi imithombo yamahhala nokuqeqesha. Amazwe kufanele athuthukise imfundo yobuchwepheshe eqhubekayo futhi akha izindawo eziphephile zothisha ukuze bahlanganyele emikhubeni engcono kakhulu.

Umphakathi Wama - fster Nezinhlangano Zokubambisana

Izikole azikwazi ukwenza lomsebenzi kuphela. Izinhlangano ezinemitapo, iminyuziyamu, izinhlangano ezingazuzi nzuzo, kanye nezinhlangano zikahulumeni zithuthukisa imfundo yomphakathi futhi zinikeze izibukeli eziqotho emsebenzini wabafundi. Ngokwesibonelo, [FLT][1] isikhungo se-Stanford ePhilantropy and Civil Society [FLT] isebenze nezikole zokuklama izinhlelo ezihlobana nabafundi abangezona inzuzo zendawo. [[FLT] Izinhlangano ezinjalo ziletha amalungu omphakathi ezikoleni, ziqinisekisa isigijimi sokuthi izivumelwano zomphakathi ziyisibopho somphakathi.

Ikusasa Lemfundo Yesibalo Ngenkathi Yezinombolo

Njengoba umphakathi ushintsha ngokushesha, imfundo yomphakathi kumelwe ishintshe ukuze ihlale ibalulekile.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukuba Izakhamuzi Ezingamanani Nokufunda Ngemithombo Yezindaba

Izakhamuzi zanamuhla zithola ukwaziswa okuningi okungaguquguquki − futhi kunikezwa ukwaziswa okunganembile kwezezenhlala-khona, amawebhusayithi ezindaba, kanye nama-apps ezindaba. Ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bahlole imithombo, ukuqaphela ubandlululo, nokuqonda i-algorithism manje kuyikhono eliyinhloko lomphakathi. Izifundo zemfundo zamuva zesikole kufanele zihlanganise imfihlo ye-inthanethi, izinkulumo zomphakathi eziseziteji, nendlela yokusebenzisa amathuluzi ezokuxhumana ukuze kuhlaziywe futhi kuhlelwe. Izwe elifana neWashington neTexas seliqalile ukufunda imithombo yezindaba ezindizeni, futhi lingase lilandele kakhulu.

Ukukhuluma Nezinkinga Zezenhlalo Zangesikhathi Esidlule

Imfundo ephumelelayo yomphakathi kumelwe ilwisane nezimpikiswano abafundi abazibonayo ezibazungezile: ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ubandlululo lwesimiso, ukungalingani kwezomnotho, nokungalingani kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukugwema lezizihloko kwenza abemi bazizwe bengenamsebenzi. Kunalokho, othisha bangasebenzisa izenzakalo zamanje njengezifundo zendlela inqubo yentando yeningi esebenza ngayo. Ngokwesibonelo, bahlola indlela imiphakathi ehlelelwe ukufuna amanzi ahlanzekile eFlint, eMichigan, ifundisa izifundo ngohulumeni, impilo yomphakathi, kanye namandla otshani.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukuba Izakhamuzi Emhlabeni Wonke

Imingcele yezwe iya ngokuya ingena, futhi izinselele eziningi ziyanda, ukufuduka, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngakho imfundo ye-CBIVIC kufanele ihlanganise ukubambisana kwembulunga yonke: ukufunda ngezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke njengeZizwe Ezihlangene, ukuqonda amalungiselelo ahlukene ezimiso zobuntu, nokuqhathanisa izimiso zezombangazwe. Izinhlelo ezinjenge [FLT] [EFLT] [1] COM [I-PISA GlobalENT Compement Assesment[[FLT]] zinikeza amapulani okuhlanganisa ulwazi lwembulunga yonke ekufundeni umphakathi. Abafundi abazibheka njengezakhamuzi emhlabeni wonke bavame ukuhileleka kule mikhawulo.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenzelana Nezihlobo Nemibono Engafani

Ngokomlando, imfundo yomphakathi emazweni amaningi iye yagxila kokuhlangenwe nakho kwamaqembu aphethe, inciphisa iminikelo nezingxabano zabesifazane, abantu bemibala, abantu bomdabu, ne-LGBTQ + abantu ngabanye. Ukuze babe abaphumelela ngempela, imfundo yomphakathi kumelwe ihlanganise, inikeze umbono ogcwele womlando wesizwe futhi iveze umsebenzi oqhubekayo wobulungisa. Lokhu kusho ukuhlanganisa izindaba zokumelana nokuzimela, nokukhuthaza abafundi abavela kuzo zonke izizinda ukuba bazibheke njengabanamandla okushintsha.

Isiphetho: Ucingo Lokuvuselela Isibopho Sethu Somshado

Imfundo ye-pic ayiyona imfuneko yokunethezeka [1] ayiyona imfuneko empilweni yemiphakathi yentando yeningi. Isihloko sokuqala siphetha ngokunembile ngokuthi kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuthembisana nokwakha izakhamuzi ezinolwazi. Kodwa lomsebenzi kumelwe ufakwe ngenhloso, ulungiswe kahle, futhi ulungiswe. Njengoba sibhekene nenkathi yokungaqondi kahle, ukuhlaziywa, nokususwa kwezindawo, izigxobo azinakuba ngaphezulu. Abenzi bomthetho kumelwe bafake imali ephambili ekusekeleni imfundo yezezakhamuzi, izikole kumelwe bayifakele ngokwenjongo emfundisweni, futhi imiphakathi kumelwe ihambisane ukuze inikeze amathuba angempela okuhlanganyela.

Ikusasa lentando yeningi lixhomeke ezakhamuzini ezazi amalungelo azo, ezinamakhono okuzisho, futhi ezinamakhono okwenza okuhle okukodwa. Ngokwandisa nokuqinisa imfundo yomphakathi namuhla, sibeka isisekelo sesivumelwano esengeziwe, esiqinile, nesinobulungisa emphakathini kusasa. Isizukulwane ngasinye kumelwe sifunde kabusha ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba isakhamuzi, futhi kuwumthwalo wethu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isizukulwane esilandelayo sikulungele.