Ukuqonda Inqubo Efanele Ekuqoqweni Kwezikweletu

Izindlela zokuqoqa izikweleti beziyinqubo evikela abathengi amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Nakuba abakweletwayo benamalungelo angokomthetho okuthola imali ebolekile, lawomalungelo kumelwe alinganiswe ngokumelene nemithetho eyisisekelo yomthengi yokunikezwa ukuphathwa kahle ngaphansi komthetho. Isimiso se esisheshayo [ simi njengomgogodla womthetho-sisekelo walokhu kulinganisela, uqinisekisa ukuthi akukho mthengi olawulwa ngokuzikhohlisa, noma iqoqo elixhaphazayo ngaphandle kwesivikelo esingokomthetho. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuthi inqubo efanele eqoqweni, isivikelo esingokomthetho siyabanikeza abathengi, futhi kwenzekani uma labo abavikelekile bephulwa.

Iyini Inqubo Efanelekayo Ngokomthetho?

Emnyombweni wayo, inqubo efanele isiqinisekiso somthetho-sisekelo esisekelwe eSichibiyelweni sesihlanu nesamashumi amane eMithetho-sisekelo yase-U.S. Idinga ukuba uhulumeni (ne-"mongo]], izinhlangano ezizimele ezisebenza ngaphansi komthetho, i- kanye ne- ilandela izinqubo ezilungile ngaphambi kokuba inciphe umuntu ukuphila, inkululeko, noma impahla. Enkongenweni yezikweleti, inqubo efanele ihumusha izici ezimbili eziyinhloko: .[FLT]] ne-partportunity

Qaphela ukuthi umthengi kumelwe atshelwe ngesikweleti, imali ebolekwayo, ukuthi ungubani umkweleti, nezinyathelo ezithathwayo zokusiqoqa. Ithuba lokuzwakala lisho ukuthi umthengi kumelwe abe nethuba elinengqondo lokuphikisana nesikweleti, ubufakazi obukhona, noma axoxe ngesinqumo ngaphambi kwanoma isiphi isenzo esingathandeki − esinjengecala, ukukhokhela, noma ukukhokha umbiko wesikweletu.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo

Nakuba abaqoqi bezikweletu bengebona abadlali bakahulumeni, imithetho kahulumeni nohulumeni ihlanganisa izimiso ezifanele zomthetho wenkongozelo. I-Fair Decle Countacts Practics Act (FDCPA) iwumthetho oyinhloko kahulumeni omisa lemithetho ngokunqanda ukuxhaphaza, ukukhohlisa, nokungalungi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho kahulumeni ivame ukuveza noma ukwandisa lezisivikelo, idinga ukuba ukukhokha izinkantolo zigcinwe endaweni efanele futhi abathengi bathole inkonzo eyanele yenqubo.

Indima Yenqubo Efaneleyo Ekuqoqweni Kwezikweleti Kwanamuhla

Inkokhelo yezikweletu iyimboni eyizigidigidi zamadola ethinta izigidi zamaMelika unyaka ngamunye. Ngokwe-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), umuntu omdala oyedwa kwabathathu unecala lokuqoqa imali nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Uma kunezigxobo eziphakeme, ukungabikho kwenqubo efanele kungaholela engozini engathi sína: ukumangalela okungalungile, ukubika okunephutha, ngisho nokukhokha ngokungemthetho imali.

Uma umthelisi wesikweletu eqala ukuqulwa kwemithetho engokomthetho, kumelwe anamathele emithethweni eqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, umqongeleli kumelwe afake isudi esifundeni lapho umthengi ehlala khona noma asayina isivumelwano. Umthengi kumele anikezwe intela futhi akhononde. Isahlulelo esilungile asinakungeniswa ngaphandle kokuba umthengi waziswa kahle futhi ahlulekile ukusabela. Lezi zinyathelo azizona inqubo esemthethweni; ziyizivikeli ezibalulekile ezifanele ezivimbela abathelisi ukuba bathole izahlulelo ngaphandle kolwazi lwabathengi.

Ukufakazela Namalungelo Okuphikisana

Elinye lamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu adingekayo kubathengi ilungelo lokuqinisekisa isikweletu. Ngaphansi kwe-FDCPA, lapho ethola isicelo esibhaliwe kumthengi phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-30 zokuxhumana kokuqala, umqongeleli kumelwe ayeke imisebenzi yokuqoqa kuze kube yilapho eqinisekisa ukuthi isikweleti sikhona. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ikhophi yesivumelwano sokuqala, izimemo ezibhaliwe, kanye nobufakazi bokuthi umqongeleli unelungelo elingokomthetho lokuqoqa. Lemfuneko iphoqeqelela abaqongeleli ukuba bafakazele isikweleti iyasebenza ngaphambi kokuba bathathe esinye isinyathelo, bafaka ngokuphumelelayo umthwalo wobufakazi lapho sikhona.

Indikima ezisemthethweni Nefasitela Losuku Olungu-30

Phakathi nezinsuku ezinhlanu zokuqala ethintana nomthengi, umqoqi wezikweletu kumelwe athumele isaziso esibhaliwe esihlanganisa isikweletu, igama lomphathi wesikweletu wakuqala, kanye nesaziso sokuthi umthengi unezinsuku ezingu 30 zokuphikisana nesikweleti esibhaliwe. Lesaziso siyisisekelo senqubo efanelekile ngoba utshela othenga amalungelo abo futhi uvuselele indlela yokuqinisekisa. Izinkantolo ziye zakholelwa ukuthi ukuhluleka ukuthumela isaziso esifanelekile kungaba ukwephula i-FDCPA, okuphumela ekulahlekeni kwemali ye-statry.

Izivikelo Ezingokomthetho Eziphoqelela Inqubo Efanele

Imithetho eminingana kahulumeni isebenza ehubheni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo efanele ayiyona nje into ecatshangelwayo kodwa iyinto engokoqobo eqashelwayo kubathengi ababhekene nokuqoqwa kwezikweletu.

Inqubo Yokukhokha Izikweleti Esihle (FDCPA)

Iqanjwe ngo- 1977, i-FDCPA iwumthetho oyinhloko kahulumeni onqabela abaqoqi bezikweletu ukuba basebenzise imikhuba exhaphazayo, engalungile, noma ekhohlisayo. Isivikelo esiyinhloko sihlanganisa:

  • Ukuvinjelwa kokuhlukunyezwa, ukucindezelwa, noma ukuxhashazwa, njengokushaya izingcingo ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukusongelwa ngobudlova, noma ukusebenzisa ulimi olungcolile.
  • Imfuneko yokuveza ukuthi ungubani umqongeleli wesikweletu neqiniso lokuthi noma yikuphi ukwaziswa okutholakalayo kuyosetshenziselwa ukuqoqa isikweletu.
  • Imingcele yokuxhumana nabathengi ngezikhathi ezingafanele (ngaphambi kuka - 8 ekuseni noma ngemva kuka - 9 ntambama) noma emsebenzini uma umqashi ekwenqabela.
  • Ukusola imifanekiso engamanga noma edukisayo, kuhlanganise nokusikisela ukuthi umqongeleli ungummeli noma ukuthi isinyathelo esingokomthetho siye sathathwa.
  • Imfuneko yokunikeza imvume yokuyeka nokuyibhala phansi, ngemva kwayo umqongeleli angaxhumana nomthengi ukuze aqinisekise isicelo noma azise ngezenzo ezithile ezingokomthetho.

Ukuphulwa kwe-FDCPA kungaphumela ekulimaleni kwangempela, ukushaya umthetho kulimaza imali engafinyelela kuR1 000, futhi kukhokhele ummeli. Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-FDCPA inika abathengi amandla okumangalela enkantolo kahulumeni, ibanikeze inqubo eqondile yokuphoqelela amalungelo abo adingekayo.

I - Fair Certing Creatence Act (FCRA)

Ukuqoqwa kwezikweletu kuhlangene kakhulu nokubika ngesikweletu. I-FCRA ilawula indlela abathengi ababika ngayo amanxusa (CRCS) asingatha ngayo ukwaziswa kokuthenga ngesikweleti. Ngaphansi kwe-FCRA, umthelisi obika isikweleti se-CRA kumelwe aqinisekise ukuthi ukwaziswa kunembile. Uma umthengi ephikisana ngesikweletu, umqoqi kumelwe ahlole futhi alungise amaphutha angeniswa phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-30. Ukuhluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungaholela ekubekeleni icala uma ukwaziswa okunephutha kulimaza inqubo yokuthenga. Le nqubo ifuna abathelisi ukuba baqinisekise izikweletu zabo ngaphambi kokuba bangcolise idumela lemali.

Imithetho Eqongelelwe Yesikweleti Sikahulumeni

Izifunda eziningi zinemithetho yazo yokuqoqa izikweletu edlula i-FDCPA. Ngokwesibonelo, izinguquko zemali eziqoqwe ze-Rosenthal Fair Threart Collections Act zihlanganisa abakweletayo bokuqala []. [ayikho nje abaqoqi besithathu abahlukene] kuphela abanikeza izindleko zokujezisa amaphutha ngenhloso. Izikweletu zemali zaseNew York zifuna abaqongeleli ukuba bafake izingxengxenyana ezithile ngomthetho wemingcele nelungelo lomthengi lokuphikisana. Lemithetho kahulumeni ivame ukuhlanganisa inqubo edingekayo ngenqubo efanelekile, njengaleyo efuna ukuba ukukhongoza kugcinwe ngesikhathi esifanelekile (umela ukulinganiselwa) futhi abathengi banikezwe indlela ecacile yokuphikisana.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Ngabathengi Zokuqinisekisa Amalungelo Enqubo

Abathengi ababhekene nokuqoqwa kwezikweletu kufanele bathathe izinyathelo ezilandelayo ukuze bazivikele:

  1. [ Icela isikweleti esigunyaziwe ekubhaleni. Thumela incwadi eqinisekisiwe phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-30 zomqoqi wesibambiso. Gcina ikhophi nelisithi lokuhambisa. Lokhu kumisa umsebenzi wokuqoqa kuze kube yilapho umthelisi enikeza ubufakazi besikweletu.
  2. Gcina uhlelo lwazo zonke izixhumaniso. phawula izinsuku, izikhathi, amagama, kanye nokuqukethwe izingcingo. Qonda uma kuvunyelwe ngokomthetho (izifundazwe ezivumelanayo ezivunyelwe ukuqoshwa). Le mibhalo ingaba nenselele ekufakazeleni ukuphulwa kwe-FDCPA.
  3. Thelekisa imibiko yakho yesikweleti. Thola imibiko ekhululekile ku- AnnualCredit Repoint.com. Bheka isikweleti esiphikiswayo. Uma umqoqi engasiphawulanga ngokuthi “siphazanyisiwe ngumthengi,” lokho kungaba ukwephula okuhlukile kwe-FCRA.
  4. Uhambisana nanoma iziphi iziyalo zokumangalela. Uma umangalelwe, kumelwe ubhale impendulo phakathi nonyaka (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu 20-30). Ukwehluleka ukusabela kungaholela ekwahlulelweni okungahleliwe, ngokuphumelelayo ukudlula inqubo efanele. Ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi unecala, ukusabela kukunika ithuba lokuxoxa noma ukuqinisa izivikelo.
  5. Ikhonsathi nommeli othengayo. Abameli abaningi abathengayo banikeza iziphetho zasekuqaleni zamahhala. I-FDCPA inikeza izindleko zommeli, ngakho abameli ngokuvamile bathatha lamacala ngokuvumelana. Ummeli angakusiza ukuba ubhale isikhalo nge-CFPB noma umthelisi ngokuphula umthetho.

Imiphumela Yokwephula Inqubo Efanele Yokuqoqa Izikweletu

Uma abaqoqi bezikweleti bengayinaki inqubo efanele, imiphumela ingaba mikhulu kakhulu kubathengi nakubathengi. Kubathengi, umonakalo osheshayo isahlulelo esinephutha. Isahlulelo singaholela ekukhokheleni imali elahlekileyo, izindleko zebhange, nokuqamba amanga embonini − bonke ngaphandle kokuba umthengi abe nosuku lwakhe enkantolo. Amanani okukhokhwa kungancipha ngamaqoqo ayikhulu noma ngaphezulu, okuthinta izindlu, umsebenzi, nokuboleka esikhathini esizayo.

Kubaqongeleli, izijeziso zibalulekile. Izinkantolo zikhokhele isijeziso esikhulu ngenxa ye-FDCPA ephulwayo. Aphawuls v. [Ocen Loan Servisy], ukukhokhwa kwesigaba kwaphumela ekuthatheni izikweletu ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20 [R1]. Ngaphandle kwesijeziso sezimali, i-CFPB inegunya lokumisa imithetho futhi ikhiphe iziyalezo, amaface, futhi ngisho nokuvinjelwa kwemisebenzi yenkongozentengo yezezo ezophula izigebengu. Ngo-2022, i-CFPB yathatha isinyathelo esimelene nesikweleti esikhulu semali ngenxa yokukhwaba okungamangalelwayo nezikweletuzo ezingafanele, okuphumela ezinsweni zesigwebo eziyizigidi ezingu-20.

Izizathu Eziyinkimbinkimbi Zezemboni

Kumbono webhizinisi, ukuhlonipha inqubo efanele akuyona nje isibopho esingokomthetho . Abaqoqi abalandela imithetho bakha ukwethembana nabathengi, banciphisa izindleko zokukhokha intela, futhi bagweme ukuhlola ukuhlelwa kwezindawo. Imboni yokuqoqa izikweleti iye yaqhubekela ekubeni izifekethisi ezihambisana nokulalela, ifaka imali engobuchwephesheni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izimemezelo ezisemthethweni zithunyelwe, izimpikiswano ziyalandelelwa, futhi amacala agcinwa ngemibhalo eqinisekisiwe kuphela. Amakhampani anciphisa inzuzo ekwakheni okukhokhwa okubhekana nomonakalo wedume futhi angakwazi ukukhishwa kwemali ekhofi.

Izinganekwane Ezivamile Ngenqubo Efanele Yokweqoqwa Kwezikweletu

Izinganekwane ezintathu eziphikelelayo azinawo amaqiniso:

  • Myth: Uma ngingamnaki umqongeleli, bazohamba. Eqinisweni, ukungazinaki umqoqi wesikweleti kungaholela ekwahlulelweni okungahlulelwa. Inqubo elindelekile ifuna ukuba uphendule, hhayi ufihle. Ukuthula kuvame ukuthathwa njengokuvuma.
  • Myth: Angikwazi ukuphikisana nesikweletu uma ngikhokhile kakade. Ukukhokha ingxenye kungaqala kabusha umthetho wokulinganiselwa kwezinye izizwe, kodwa akulilulazi ilungelo lakho ukuphikisa ukufaneleka kwesikweletu. Ungacela ukugunyazwa.
  • Myth: Bonke abaqoqi bezikweletu bayafana, futhi inqubo efanele imane iwumthetho. Eqinisweni, umthetho uhlukanisa phakathi kwababolekisi bokuqala (abangase bangaboshelwa iFDCPA kwezinye izifunda) nabaqongeleli bengxenye yesithathu. Inqubo yokuvikela iyahluka, kodwa wonke umuntu umthengi unelungelo lokuzwakala enkantolo ngaphambi kokuba kungene ukwahlulela.

Izimo Zokuqondisa Nekusasa Lenqubo Efanele Ekuqoqweni Kwezikweleti

Umthetho uyaqhubeka uguqula isimo. Ngo-2021, i-CFPB yakhipha umthetho wokugcina ngaphansi kwe-FDCPA ocacisa izimfuneko zokwembula izikweletu ezivalelwe isikhathi esinqunyiwe futhi udinga abaqongeleli ukuba banikeze imininingwane ebanzi yezikweletu. Lo mthetho uqinisa inqubo efanele ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi bazi kahle ukuthi isikweletu silinganiswa kanjani nokuthi sigcinwa kanjani.

Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni nazo ziyasebenza. Izifunda eziningana ziye zamisa imithetho elinganisela izinga lenzalo elingasetshenziswa ekwahlulelweni, ilinganisela amaphesenti emali eholo, futhi ifuna abaqoqi ukuba banikeze izimemezelo ezicacile, ezilula zolimi. Lemizamo ibonakalisa ukuqaphela okwandayo ukuthi inqubo efanelekile ayiwona umqondo ofingqiwe qwé kakhulu.""imele izivumelane nezinselele ezintsha ezinjengezokuxhumana ngemisebe, izikhalo-mathi, kanye nokwanda kwezikweleti ezithengiswe abathengi abanezingxenye ezintathu.

Isiphetho: Indima Engenakuxazululwa Yenqubo Efanele

Inqubo ayiyona nje inqubo engokomthetho; iyisisekelo sobulungisa ekuqoqweni kwezikweletu. Iqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi baphathwa njengabantu abanelungelo, hhayi njengezinombolo zephepha lokulinganisela. Ngokufuna isaziso, ukwethembeka, nethuba lokuzwakala, inqubo efanele ivimbela ukuzuza ababuthakathaka futhi bagcine ukwethembana esimisweni sezimali. Abathengi abaqonda lezisivikelo bangathola iqoqo lezikweletu ngokuqiniseka, futhi abathelisi ababahloniphi nje kuphela kodwa bathuthukise idumela lokulunga labo bonke abantu.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngamalungelo akho athile, vakashela i-FLT Fateral Trade Commission’s FDCPA [ noma Consumer Financial Protection Bureaution yezimali [. Ngemithetho eqondene nombuso, hlola ihhovisi lommeli-gosa-mbuso wakho. Khumbula: inqubo efanelekile yilungelo lakho `Quedela ukuba ihloniswe.