Isingeniso

Izinkonzo zendawo eziphuthumayo ziyisisekelo sokuphepha komphakathi nokuzinza. Nsuku zonke, abacimi bomlilo, izisebenzi eziphuthumayo, amaphoyisa, namaqembu asabela ngenhlekelele bahlala bekulungele ukuvikela ukuphila nempahla lapho kugadla. Ukuba khona kwazo kuthinta ngokuqondile izinga lokusinda ezimweni eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha, ukulahleka kwempahla, nokuhleleka komphakathi phakathi nezinhlekelele. Ukuqonda ubukhulu bezinkonzo zokwenza lokhu, izinselele, nezindlela zezakhamuzi ezingazisekela ukuze zakhe umphakathi ophephile. Lokhu kuhlola indima ebucayi yezinkonzo zendawo yosizo lwezehlakaniphile futhi kunikeza ukuqonda okusebenzayo emiphakathini efuna ukuqinisa izimiso zayo zokusabela eziphuthuma.

Ziyini Izinkonzo Eziphuthumayo Zendawo?

Izinkonzo zezimo eziphuthumayo zendawo zibhekisela ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi ezisabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo endaweni ethile echaza indawo. Lezi zikhungo zisebenza kumasipala, isifundazwe, noma izinga lesifunda futhi zivame ukuba yindawo yokuqala yokuthintana lapho kuhanjiswa ucingo olungu-9 021. Izakhi eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • [ Imishini yomnyango - - ebangela ukucinezelwa komlilo, izinto eziyingozi ziqukethe, ukutakulwa kobuchwepheshe, futhi ngokuqhubekayo, ukusabela okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha.
  • [ I-EMT Offices (EMS) - - inikeza ukunakekelwa kwangaphambili kwe-pre 76hospart, ezothutho ze-ambulensi, kanye nosizo oluphuthumayo lwezinga eliphezulu lokungenela ezokwelapha eziphuthumayo nezimo ezibuhlungu.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ukuphoqelela kwezimiso zempi [ - - ukugcina ukuhleleka komphakathi, ukuphoqelela imithetho, ukusabela ezigijimeni zobugebengu, nokusiza ekuqondiseni inhlekelele.
  • I-Disaster Response timus - amaqoqo akhethekile anjengeseshi àand̆rescue, ukuseshwa kwasemadolobheni àandārescue (USAR), kanye namaqembu alawula izenzakalo ashukumisayo phakathi nezenzakalo ezinkulu.

Indlela Lezi Zinkonzo Ezisebenza Ngayo Ndawonye

Ukusabela okuphumelelayo okuphuthumayo kuxhomeke ekuxhumaneni okungenamthungo phakathi kwalezi zikhungo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphahlazeka okuhlukahlukene emgwaqweni omkhulu kudinga amaphoyisa ukuba avikele indawo, abacimi bomlilo ukuze bavikele izisulu ezihlukene, ne-EMS ukuze banikeze ukunakekelwa kokwelapha nokuthutha. Izindawo eziningi zisebenzisa isimiso sokuyala esihlangene, esilandelwa yi-National Incident Management Management System (NIMS), ukuqinisekisa ukubambisana phakathi kwemiyalo. Lendlela ebambisanayo ikhulisa ukusebenza kahle kweminyango futhi ithuthukisa imiphumela yezisulu.

Izindima Ezibucayi Zezinkonzo Zendawo Eziphuthumayo

Izinkonzo zendawo zezimo eziphuthumayo zenza imisebenzi eminingi edlulela ngalé komfanekiso we-stereo ofanayo wabaphendula ngokuphuthumayo beya esithombeni. Izindima zabo zingahlukaniswa zibe yizindawo eziyinhloko eziningana:

Ukusabela Okuphuthumayo Nokungenela

  • Ukucishwa komlilo: izilwi zomlilo ziqukethe futhi zicime isakhiwo, ihlathi, kanye nemililo yemoto. Ukungenela kwazo okusheshayo kuvimbela ukusakazeka kwamalangabi, ukuvikela izakhiwo eziseduze nokunciphisa umonakalo wendawo ezungezile.
  • Imishini ye-Emerments: Izisebenzi ze-EMS zinikeza ukuphila okunciphileyo ekuhlaseleni kwesifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, ukopha okukhulu, nezinye izimo ezibucayi. Ukunqanda ukuphathwa kwe-emouse kwakuqala kanye nokulawula kwendlela ehambayo kundisa kakhulu amazinga okusinda.
  • I-Leat Errorcement: Amaphoyisa asabela ezinsongweni ezinamandla, izingozi, ukuphazamisana kwasekhaya, nobugebengu obuqhubekayo. Ukuba khona kwawo kuvimbela izenzo zobugebengu futhi kuqinisekisa ukulondeka komphakathi phakathi nezimo eziya ngokuya ngokuyaluza.
  • I-Technical Kosolera:[ Amaqembu akhethekile aphatha izinhlengo ezivalekile ezinqindiwe ezisebenza ezikhaleni, izinhleko zentambo eziphezulu ze-globe, izinhlengo zamanzi asheshayo, nezenzakalo zokuwa kokwakha.

Ukuvimbela Nemfundo

Ngaphandle kokusabela okusheshayo, izinkonzo zendawo eziphuthumayo zisebenzisa imali eningi ekuvimbeleni. Iminyango yomlilo ihlola ukuphepha ekhaya, ifaka izinhlabamkhosi zentuthu, futhi inikeze imfundo ephephile ezikoleni. I-EMS inikeza i-CPR kanye ne-Plaid yokuqala kumalungu omphakathi. Ukugcinwa komthetho kuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokuvimbela ubugebengu njenge-Assocional, imfundo yokumelana nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa (D.A.R.E.), kanye nokudubula ngentshiseko. Lemizamo esebenzayo inciphisa ukuphakama nokuphakama kwemidayisa.

Ukulungiselelwa Kwenhlekelele Nokululama

Izinhlangano zendawo ziyisisekelo sokuqondisa izinhlekelele zomphakathi. Zithuthukisa futhi zisebenzise amasu okuhlinza okuphuthuma, zihlela izindlela zokuthutha, ziphatha izindawo zokukhosela, futhi zenze umonakalo ngemva kwezinhlekelele zemvelo ezinjengeziphepho, ukuzamazama komhlaba, noma izikhukhula. Phakathi nokululama, zisebenza nohulumeni kanye nohulumeni ukuze zibuyisele izinkonzo ezidingekile kanye nokusekela izakhamuzi ezithintekile.

Okwenza Izinkonzo Zendawo Eziphuthumayo Zibaluleke

Ukwazi okuseduze nomphakathi abantu abasabelayo kuveza izinzuzo ezingokoqobo ezingenakulinganiswa nezinhlangano ezikude noma zezizwe.

Ukusabela Ngokushesha Kusindisa Ukuphila

Isikhathi siyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ezimweni eziphuthumayo. “ihora elibalulekile” lomqondo ekunakekeleni okubuhlungu ligcizelela ukuthi izisulu ezithola ukwelashwa okuqinisekile phakathi nemizuzu engu-60 yokulimala zingasinda kangcono kakhulu. Imishini ye-EMS ingafinyelela indawo engaphansi kwemizuzu engu-5-10 emadolobhaneni, uma iqhathaniswa nezikhathi ezinde zenkonzo yokwelapha emoyeni noma izifunda eziseduze. Ukuhlola okuvela e American College of Emergency Obysticians [ njalo ihlanganisa ukusabela okufushane ngokufa ngezikhathi ezingaphansi kwenhliziyo kanye nenhlekelele enkulu. Ngokufanayo, iminyango yomlilo efika emizuzwini embalwa ingabangela ukuqhuma kwegumbi lokuvela, kanti ukulibala kungaholela ekulahlekelweni ngokuphelele.

Ukujwayelana Nezingozi Zendawo

Yonke imiphakathi inezingozi eziyingqayizivele: amadolobha asogwini abhekene nesiphepho, izindawo zasemaphandleni zibhekene nezingozi zokulima, izindawo zezimboni ezisingatha ukuchitheka kwamakhemikhali, nezindawo zezintaba zibhekene nemlilo wequbula. Abathathi bezindawo baziqonda kahle lezi zingozi. Bayazi ukuthi yimiphi imigwaqo enezikhukhula, izakhiwo ezinemibhoshongo eyingozi, futhi yiziphi izindawo ezinezimo eziyingozi. Lokhu kuqaphela kuzenza zikwazi ukumelana ngokuphumelelayo nokulungisa izindlela zokuhamba kwempuka.

Ukwethembana Komphakathi Nokuhlanganyela

Lapho izakhamuzi zibazi abacimi bomlilo, izisebenzi ezisiza abashayeli namaphoyisa, cishe ziyocela usizo zisheshe zinikeze ukwaziswa okuqondile futhi zilandele iziyalezo phakathi nenhlekelele. Ukuthemba kukhuthaza ukuhlanganyela ezimisweni zokuvimbela nokuthatha isinyathelo sokuzithandela. Umbiko wamashumi amabini22 we-International Association of Fire Shills uqokomisa ukuthi iminyango eqinile ephethe umphakathi ibona ukuvumelana okukhulu neziqondiso zokuphuma komsakazo nemiphumela engcono emikhankasweni yezempilo yomphakathi.

Umphumela Ongokomnotho Wezinkonzo Zendawo Eziqinile

Imishuwalense ithonywa ngokuqondile ukuphumelela kwesivikelo somlilo sendawo kanye ne-EMS. Imiphakathi eneminyango yomlilo ephakeme (njengoba ihlelwe yiHhovisi Lezinkonzo Zomshuwalense) ivame ukujabulela izindleko eziphansi zempahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi acabangela ukusabela okuphuthumayo lapho enquma ukuthi angatholaphi. Ukuphepha komphakathi okuthembekile kuheha ukutshala imali, kusekela izinga lezindawo, futhi kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho ezinhlekeleleni.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nezinkonzo Zendawo Eziphuthumayo

Naphezu kwendima yazo ebalulekile, izinkonzo zendawo eziphuthumayo zisebenza ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okuphikelelayo okunganciphisa ukuphumelela kwazo.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwemali

Izinkonzo eziningi zendawo eziphuthumayo zincike ezintelani zempahla, ezimalini zikamasipala, kanye nemali enikezwayo. Phakathi nokuwohloka kwezomnotho, leminyango yomlilo inganciphisa ukubuyiselwa kwemishini, izinhlangano ze-EMS zingasebenzisa ama-ambulensi asegugile, futhi iminyango yamaphoyisa ingase intule imithombo yokuqeqesha okuphambili. Ngokwe- i-National Fire Protection Association[, cishe 70% ye-U.S.] Iminyango yomlilo isebenza ngokuzithandela noma izinhlangano ezinhlanganiselayo ezizama ukuqinisa izimali ezigciniwe ezigciniweyo zokuphethulwa, imishini yokuphefumula, imishini yokulungisa imishini, nokulungisa imishini. Ukuhlelwa kwemali kungandisa ukusabela, ukunciphisa izisebenzi, nokulinganisela imingcele yomphakathi.

Ukuhlupha Nokukhumbula

Ukubuyisela futhi ukulondoloza izisebenzi ezifanelekayo kuyinselele ekhulayo. Isimo esinzima somsebenzi wamahora (242486), ukuchayeka ekucindezelekeni, nasekucindezelekeni ngokomzimba − kubangela ukutubeka nokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Izinhlangano eziningi ze-EMS zibhekene nokuntuleka kwezisebenzi eziphuthumayo, okuholela ekubophekeni kwesilinganiso esengeziwe somsebenzi wezisebenzi ezisebenza isikhathi esengeziwe nokucindezeleka okukhulu. Iminyango yokuzithandela ezindaweni zasemaphandleni ishaywa kakhulu, njengoba abantu abambalwa abanaso isikhathi sokuziqeqesha nokuzifaka emsebenzini owenziwa. [FLT][FLT][1] [iFLT] iphawule ukuthi amazinga aphakeme okushintsha amazinga eminyangweni ezisebenzi eziphuthuma ezinkonzo eziphuthumayo namaphutha angokwesimo esiphuthumayo nangokwempilo.

Impilo Yengqondo Nokuhle Kwalabo Abasabelayo

Abantu bokuqala abaphendulayo bachayeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ezenzakalweni ezibuhlungu, ezibeka engozini enkulu yokucindezeleka kwangemva kwe-pretertraumatic disorder (PTSD), ukucindezeleka, nokuzibulala. Naphezu kokuqapha okwandayo, izinhlangano eziningi azinazo izinhlelo ezinamandla zokusekela impilo yengqondo. I-Stigma lapho ifuna usizo ingavimbela abaphenduleli ekutholeni iseluleko. Izinkonzo zendawo ziqala ukuhlanganisa amaqembu okusekela ontanga kanye nokulawula ukucindezeleka okubucayi, kodwa imithombo yemali ngokuvamile ayinele.

Ukuqaphela Umphakathi Nemibono Eyiphutha

Amalungu amaningi omphakathi awayazi indlela yokuthola izinkonzo eziphuthumayo ngokufanelekile. Ukushaya ikhefu kubiza i-clog 9761 761 imigqa, kuphambukisa imithombo ezinkingeni zeqiniso. Ezinye izakhamuzi ziyanqikaza ukucela usizo ngenxa yemingcele yolimi, ukwesaba ukugcinwa komthetho, noma ukungaqiniseki ngezindleko. Ukungaqondi ngezikhathi zokusabela, amandla enkonzo, noma ukubhalisa umshuwalense kungaqeda ukwethembana. Imizamo yemfundo yomphakathi kumelwe iqhubeke isingatha le migoqo.

Indlela Yokusekela Izinkonzo Eziphuthumayo Zendawo

Izakhamuzi zingathatha izinyathelo eziqinile ukuze ziqinise izinkonzo zazo eziphuthumayo, futhi, ngokunezela, zivikeleke.

Zinikele Ngesikhathi Namakhono Akho

Iminyango eminingi yomlilo, izinhlangano ze-EMS, kanye namahhovisi aqondisa izimo eziphuthumayo amukela izisebenzi zokuzithandela. Imisebenzi isukela ekusekeleni kokuqondisa nasemfundweni womphakathi kuya ekukhonzeni njengomcimbi womlilo ogciniwe noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha wesimo esiphuthumayo. I-Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) inikeza Communy Emergency Responsetion Teacement Teation Team uhlelo oluqeqesha izisebenzi zokuzithandela emakhonweni okusabela ngenhlekelele ayisisekelo njengokuphepha emlilweni, ukufuna ukukhanya nokukhululwa, nosizo lwe-triage.

Hlanganyela Ezimisweni Zokuqeqesha

Sebenzisa amathuba okuqeqesha endawo. CPR kanye nokuqala, misa amashabhu akhutshiwe, futhi ulungise izingqungquthela zenhlekelele kuhlomisela izakhamuzi ukuba zithathe isinyathelo ngokuphumelelayo ngaphambi kokuba kufike usizo lochwepheshe. Iminyango eminingi yomlilo inikeza izixwayiso zokuxwayisa ngentuthu yamahhala kanye nezinqumo zokuphepha ekhaya. Khuthaza umsebenzi wakho, isikole, noma inhlangano yezenkolo ukuba iqhube lezi zenzakalo.

Abasekeli Bokusekela Imali Enele

Yiba khona emihlanganweni yomkhandlu wedolobha, ukuqulwa kwezindaba, kanye nezikhathi zokuhlelwa kwemali ukuze usho ukuthi iziphi izinkonzo eziphuthumayo. Bhala izikhulu ezikhethiwe ngokubaluleka kokulondoloza amazinga ezisebenzi, esikhundleni semishini egugile, nokuxhasa izinhlelo zezempilo zengqondo zabasizi. Hlanganisani nabacimi bomlilo bendawo noma ama-EMS asekela ukusekela izinkampani ezixhasa imali.

Zilolonge Ngokuphuthumayo

Nciphisa umthwalo kubaphethisi ngokuzilungiselela. Yenza uhlelo lomkhaya lwesimo esiphuthumayo, hlanganisa i-gog nezinto ezidingekayo, futhi qinisekisa ukuthi ikhaya lakho linentuthu esebenzayo nemishini ye-carbon monoxide. Izinombolo ezicacile zomgwaqo ukuze abathathi-msi bangawuthola ngokushesha umuzi wakho. Yazi indawo yeziteshi zomlilo eziseduze, izibhedlela, neziteshi zamaphoyisa. Imiphakathi elungisiwe ibhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo ezimbalwa futhi ilulame ngokushesha.

Ukusekela Umsabeli Ngokufanele

Ukubhala okulula kuyaphawula, njengokuthi uyakwazi ukubhalisa, uthathela iqhaza lezezimali zomnyango, noma ukhuthaze imithombo yempilo yengqondo, kungathuthukisa ukuziphatha. Qaphela ukusabela kokuzidela okwenziwa, kuhlanganise nokuphuthelwa amaholide nokuchayeka engozini. Uma unamakhono obuchwepheshe ekunikezeni iseluleko, ezezimali, noma izinkonzo ezingokomthetho, cabangela ukusekela iprobono ezikhungweni zendawo.

Ikusasa Lezinkonzo Zendawo Eziphuthumayo

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe, inani labantu nezindawo eziwusongo kushintsha, izinkonzo zendawo eziphuthumayo kumelwe zizivumelanise nezimo ukuze zihlale ziphumelela.

Intuthuko Yobuchwepheshe

  • Elandelayo extralicate extensial 921 761: Izimiso ezimukela umbhalo, izithombe, nevidiyo zithuthukisa ukuqaphela isimo nokutholakala kwabantu abakhubazekile noma abakhuluma ulimi.
  • Izimoto ze-Drobotes kanye ne-robotics: Izimoto ezingalawulwa emoyeni zingathungatha imililo yemlilo, zihlole umonakalo wokwakha, futhi ziyise izikhisi ezidayisa i-defibrillator ezindaweni ezikude. Amarobhothi asemhlabeni asiza ezimweni eziyingozi futhi awise izakhiwo.
  • [ I-DataāDriven Dispatch: Imishini ebikezelayo isiza izinhlangano ukuba zinike imithombo ezindaweni eziphakeme ze-lirisk kanye nezikhathi, inciphise izikhathi zokusabela. Izimoto zezikhathi zangempela kanye nokwaziswa kwesimo sezulu kwenza uhlela indlela kube ngesilinganiso esifanele.
  • ``Telemedicine'':[ I-paremedic ingaxhumana ngokushesha nodokotela ngevidiyo phakathi nezokuhamba, ivumele ukufakwa kwangaphambili kochwepheshe bezifo zohlangothi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, noma ukulimala.

Ukuthuthukiswa Nokwakhiwa Kwesifunda Okwandayo

Ukuze kunciphe imali edingekayo, imiphakathi eminingi ihlanganisa izikhungo zokuthumela, ihlanganyela amaqembu akhethekile (isinye, ama-hazmat noma ama-technactal medic), futhi yakha izivumelwano zobungane. Izikole zokuqeqesha zesifunda zinganciphisa izindleko uma zithuthukisa izinga elivamile. Ukuthambekela kokusetshenziswa kwe-commony service "Ummonicial" ngokunakekela okuyinhloko, ukuvumela izisebenzi eziphuthumayo ukuba zilandele ukuhambela okungu-245, zilawule izimo ezimahlala njalo, futhi zinciphise umnyango wesimo esiphuthumayo.

Izifanekiso Zomphakathi

Izinkonzo zezimo eziphuthumayo zesikhathi esizayo cishe ziyogcizelela ngisho nakakhulu ukuvinjelwa nezinkonzo zezenhlalo. Iminyango yamaphoyisa ihlola izimo eziphuthumayo ezithi izisebenzi ezimbili ezisebenza ezinhlanganweni zempilo yengqondo ezishaya indiva. Iminyango yomlilo yandisa ukuhlola okuhle nokuhambela ukuphepha ekhaya. Izinhlangano ze-EMS zisungula izinhlelo zezempilo ezixubile ezihamba njalo ezibathinta futhi zibaxhumanise nezinkonzo zezenhlalo.

Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu

Izenzakalo zezulu ezinkulu kakhulu .Izimo zezulu ezishayo , izikhukhula, iziphepho, i-itrohwaves . Izinkonzo eziphuthumayo zendawo kumelwe zifake imali ezisekelweni zezakhiwo eziqinile, isitimela sezezenzakalo ezihlobene nezulu kanye namalungiselelo okubuyisela ukuthutha. Imithombo yezentengiselwano ifaka futhi izimpawu zengozi yesimo sezulu ekuhleleni kwayo inhloko yenhloko yedolobha nasekuthengeni izinto zokulwa komlilo ezibekelwe ukushisa, izimo ezibandayo.

Isiphetho

Izinkonzo zendawo eziphuthumayo ziyisivikelo sokuqala kunoma yiziphi izinkinga, kodwa ngokuvamile zisebenza ngemithombo elinganiselwe futhi ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu. Inani lazo lidlulela kude kakhulu kulokhu okuhlengwa okuphawulekayo esikubona ezindabeni: zivimbela izinhlekelele ngemfundo, zakhe imiphakathi eqinile ngokulungiselela, futhi zisindise ukuphila ngokusabela okusheshayo, okunekhono. Ngokuqonda indima yazo, ukusekela izidingo zazo, nokuzilungisa, siba abakhuthele ekuvikelekeni kwethu siqu. Ubuhlobo phakathi komphakathi nezinkonzo zawo eziphuthumayo bungaphinde bufaneki lapho sifaka imali kuwo, sifaka imali elungelweni lethu elihlangene. Ngokusebenza ngokusebenza, ngokusebenza, ukuzenzela amavocebe, noma ngokuzilungiselela, noma ngokuzilungiselela, zonke izakhamuzi zidlala indima yokuqinisa lenethi edingekayo.