Ezindaweni zanamuhla ezihlala emadolobheni ezishintsha ngokushesha, abaphathi bamadolobha bangaphansi kokucindezela okukhulu ukwenza izinqumo ezifike ngesikhathi neziphumelelayo. Ubunkimbinkimbi bamadolobha anamuhla − kusukela ekuminyaneni kwezimoto nasekulondekeni komphakathi kuya ekunakekeleni izakhiwo nasekuthuthukiseni kwezomnotho ("izinto ezidlula ukubikelwa noma isiko). Isinqumo sokwaziswa sokwenza (DDDM) sivele njengesiyalo esibucayi, esivumela abaholi bedolobha ukuba basebenzise amandla olwazi okwakha i-sclear, isivikelo, nemiphakathi eqinile. Ngokuqoqa, ukuhlaziya, nokusebenza ngokwaziswa, abaphathi bedolobha bangathuthukisa ukubonakala, ukubonakala, futhi basebenze kangcono.

Yini Ethathwa Imininingwane?

Ukwenziwa kwesinqumo sokwaziswa kuwumkhuba wokusekela izimiso, izabelo zempahla, nezenzo zokusebenza ekuhlaziyweni kokwaziswa kunobufakazi obusemqoka, imizwa yengaphakathi, noma inzuzo yezombangazwe. Kubaphathi bedolobha, lokhu kusho ukuthatha imithombo eminingi yemininingwane zihlanganisa izinzwa zangempela zokondla, amarekhodi okuphatha, amasiteji achazayo, kanye nemininingwane yangaphandle yemininingwane yezezimali.

Le nqubo ihlanganisa izinyathelo eziningana: ukuchaza izinhloso ezicacile, ukuhlukanisa imithombo yokwaziswa ehlobene nayo, ukuqoqa nokuhlanza ukwaziswa, ukukuhlaziya ukuze kuthathwe ukuqonda, bese kuhunyushwa lokho kuqonda emaqhingani asebenzayo. Okubalulekile, i-DDDM akusona isenzakalo esisodwa kodwa umjikelezo oqhubekayo wokulinganisa, ukufunda, nokuzivumelanisa. Njengoba amadolobha ehlangana kakhulu, umthamo nezinhlobonhlobo zokwaziswa okukhona kuya ngokushelela, kuyenze ibe ithuluzi elinamandla nenseleleko ekwazini ukubhekana nakho ngokuphumelelayo.

Izinzuzo Zokuphathwa Kwedolobha

Ukusebenzisa indlela yokwaziswa kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezithinta ngokuqondile izinga lokuphila kwasedolobheni. Ngezansi ezinye zezinzuzo ezishukumisa kakhulu, ngayinye isekelwe yizibonelo zezwe langempela.

Ukufeza Okungcono Okusebenzayo

Imininingwane isiza abaphathi bedolobha ukuba baphawule amabhodlela, ukunciphisa ukungcola, futhi basebenzise imithombo elinganiselwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuhlola izindlela zokuqoqa imfucumfucu nokugcwalisa izindlela zokugcwalisa, amadolobha angahlela uhlelo ukuze alondoloze uphethiloli futhi anciphise igesi. Idolobha le Sangan Diego[ lisebenzisa izibani ezihlakaniphile zomgwaqo ezinezinzwa zokuhlola izimoto nokupaka, okuholela ekuncipheni kwezindleko zamandla lapho lithuthukisa ukuhamba.

Ukuphepha Komphakathi Okuthuthukisiwe

Ukuhlola izindlela zobugebengu, izikhathi zokusabela eziphuthumayo, kanye nokwaziswa okufikele izenzakalo kwenza ukuba ukugcinwa komthetho kanye nezithakazelo zokuqala zikwazi ukwaba imithombo engcono. Imishini yamaphoyisa ebikezelayo, njengaleyo esetshenziswa yi- Los Angeles Police Department[, kuye kwasiza ekunciphiseni ubugebengu bempahla ngokuphawula izindawo eziphezulu ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokufanayo, iminyango yomlilo ingasebenzisa imininingwane ekwakheni inkathi yokuguga, izinto, nezenzakalo zakudala ekuhloleni izakhiwo.

Ukuhlela Okungcono

Imininingwane emayelana nokuhamba kwezimoto, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, nokwanda kwabantu ivumela amadolobha ukuba afake izakhiwo lapho zidingeka khona kakhulu. Barcelona[ isebenzisa uxhaxha lwezinzwa ukuze iqondise ukupaka, umsindo, nobuhle bomoya, ukutshela izinqumo nganoma yini kusukela ekulungiseni umgwaqo kuya ekuthuthukiseni umkhathi oluhlaza. Lendlela ehloselwe ukuyisebenzisa ivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwemali engaphezulu futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi izimali zomphakathi zisetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha.

Ukubona Ingaphandle Nabantu Ngokwengeziwe Nokwethemba

Uma amadolobha enza ukwaziswa kwawo kutholakale obala cishe ngamatheku, amabhodi, noma imibiko yomphakathi. Izakhamuzi zingabona ukuthi amaRandi azo entela asetshenziswa kanjani, zilandelela intuthuko yemisebenzi yedolobha, futhi zigcine izikhulu zilandisa. Amadolobha anjenge [[FLT] kanye [FLT] ne [FLT] New York [

Ukubeletha Kwenkonzo Eqhubekayo

Kunokuba zithathe isinyathelo ezinkingeni ngemva kokuba zenzekile, ukwaziswa kwenza ukuba abaphathi bedolobha balindele izinselele futhi bangenele ngokushesha. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuhlola imithombo yezokuxhumana nocingo lwezenhlalakahle no 311, izikhulu zingabona izindaba ezivelayo ezinjengokuqubuka kwemibhoshongo noma ukulahla okungekho emthethweni ngaphambi kokuba zikhule. Lokhu kushintsha kokusuka ekulawuleni imishini kuyisici esibonisa ukuthi inhlangano evuthiwe yokwaziswa.

Amathuluzi Ayinhloko Nobuchwepheshe

Abaphathi bamadolobha bathembele ekwandeni kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo ukuze baqoqe, bahlanganise, futhi bahlaziye ukwaziswa.

Izimiso zokwaziswa kwezesayensi yezwe (GIS)

I-GIS iyisisekelo sokuhlola okuthathelwanayo, ivumela abaphathi ukuba babone futhi badwebe ukwaziswa okuhlobene nenani labantu, ubugebengu, izingozi zendawo ezungezile, kanye nezinto zokuhamba. Amathuluzi anjenge-ArcGIS [ inikeza isithombe esivamile esisiza amaqembu asebenzelane neminyango. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha lingahlanganisa izikhukhula nezindawo ezigcwele izikhukhula zemininingwane yobumpofu ukuze lilungisele inhlekelele ezindaweni ezisengozini.

I - Internet Yezinto (IoT) Izinzwa

Imishini ye-IOT − kuhlanganise namamitha ahlakaniphile, izilinganiso ze-opal, amakhamera ezimoto, kanye nezinzwa zomsindo ze-memorial ezifakwa ezifanekisweni ze-alytical. I-Singaror[ ithumele izinkulungwane zezinzwa ezisebenza kulo lonke idolobhakazi ukuze zihlole yonke into kusukela kumazinga odoti kuya kumaphasishi ahamba ngezinyawo ezihamba ngezinyawo, okwenza ukuba kube lula kakhulu ukuphatha izinkonzo zasedolobheni.

Ukushintsha Kwezinqubo Zokuhlanganisa Imininingwane

Ukuze baqonde ukuthi imithombo yokwaziswa ihlukene, abaphathi bedolobha badinga amapulatifomu angadla, ahlanzeke, futhi ahlanganise ukwaziswa okuvela eminyangweni ehlukahlukene nangaphandle. [Directus], ngokwesibonelo, iqonga elivulekile lemininingwane yemininingwane elivumela amadolobha ukuba adale umthombo owodwa weqiniso ngokuxhumanisa i-archal, i-APIS, kanye nezinhlelo zamafayela ngaphandle kokwenza inqubo esemthethweni. Ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi elinjalo, idolobha lingahlanganisa i-data yezimoto, izibikezelo zezulu, nezenzakalo zezehlakalo ezihlela ibhodi eyodwa yemininingwane yesinqumo esisebenzayo.

Izimpawu Ezibikezelayo Ne - Ai

Imishini yokufunda imishini ingabona izindlela abantu abangase balahlekelwe ngazo, njengokuhlangana phakathi kokwephulwa kwemithetho yezindlu nengozi yomlilo. IChicago ye- “Iprojekthi Yezinto” [ isebenzisa i-AIN ukuhlaziya ukwaziswa kwezinzwa nokubikezela amazinga omoya, usiza izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi ukuba zinikeze izixwayiso ezifike ngesikhathi. Nokho, lezi zimo ezithuthukile zidinga ukubusa ngokucophelela ukuze zigweme izibikezelo ezinamaphutha.

Amabhodi Omphakathi Nokubona

Imininingwane iwusizo kuphela uma iqondwa abenzi besinqumo nezakhamuzi ngokufanayo. Amabhodi asebenza ngemishini njengamathuluzi anjenge i-tapulau, Utho lwezimo ze-BIT, noma izisetshenziswa ezisemthethweni zewebhu ziguqulela izinombolo ezingalungiswanga kumashadi, amabalazwe, namasimende. Amadolobha amaningi manje anikeza amabhodi angempela anezikhombizo ezibonisa zonke izikhathi zempendulo yezibalo zokusetshenziswa komtapotisi, aqinisa isiko lokuvula izinombolo.

Izinhlelo ezinephutha

The theoretical benefits of DDDM become tangible when applied to specific urban challenges. Below are several areas where data-driven approaches have produced measurable outcomes.

Ukuphathwa Kwezimoto Nezokuthutha

I-Texas A&M Transport Institute ibiza umnotho wase-U.S. umkhiqizo ongaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-87 ngonyaka, ngokwe-Texas A&M Transport Institute. Amadolobha alwa ngokwaziswa. Los Angeles[ usebenzisa ulwembu lwezinhloli zemishini kanye namakhamera ezimoto ukuze alungise isikhathi sokuhamba ngamandla, ukunciphisa izikhathi zokuhamba ngezikhathi ezifinyelela ku-15% kwezinye iziphakamiso. I-Rade engenisa ukwaziswa ezinkampanini ezinjengo Uhaber noLyft kusiza abahleli ukuba baqonde izilinganiso zokuhamba, ukutshela izinqumo ngezindlela zohambo nezimoto zebhayisekile.

Ukuphepha Komphakathi Nokusabela Ngokuphuthumayo

Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwamaphoyisa okubikezela, ukwaziswa kuthuthukisa ukusabela komlilo, ukusebenza kwe-EMS, nokulungiselela inhlekelele. Umnyango womlilo waseNew York City [ usebenzisa isimiso sokuhlola esisekelwe engozini esihlaziya izici zokwakha nezenzakalo zangaphambili ukuze kuhlolwe ukuphepha komlilo. Phakathi nomqedazwe we-COVID, amadolobha amaningi asebenzisa amabhodi okuhlola izinombolo zezehlakalo, amandla esibhedlela, kanye nezinga lokugoma, okwenza kube lula ukuhlelwa kwezinto ezikhona ngempela.

Ukulungiswa Kohlelo Nokuphathwa Kwayo

Amaphaphu amanzi amakhulu, izimbobo zomgodi, nokwehla kukagesi kubiza uma kunganqanyulwa. I-DDDM ivumela ukugcinwa kwesimo esisekelwe kumabhuloho: izinzwa emabhulohweni ezimo zokwakha, kuyilapho amamitha amanzi ahlakaniphile ezwa uvuza. Filadelphia[ isebenzisa indlela yokuhlela ukulungiswa komgwaqo ngokulandelana kwesimo somgwaqo, umthamo wezimoto, kanye nokuveza umphakathi, kuholele ekuncipheni kwe-20% yezikhala ngomgwaqo.

Ukulondolozwa Kwendawo Ezungezile

Imininingwane isiza amadolobha ukuba aqaphele izinga lomoya, alandelela ukukhishwa kwegesi ekhipha amandla egesi, futhi alawule ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Oslo, Norway[ ibonelele izinzwa zasedolobheni ezilinganisa amazinga okungcola ngesikhathi sangempela, ziqaphelise imingcele yezimoto nezixwayiso zempilo yomphakathi. Amadolobha amaningi asebenzisa futhi ukwakha ukwaziswa okunika amandla ukuze athole izakhi ezingazuza ekusebenziseni i-carbon prints.

Izinkonzo Zezakhamuzi Nokuhlanganyela Esontweni

Imininingwane evela ezimisweni ezingu-31, imithombo yezokuxhumana, nakuyi-inthanethi ye-inthanethi yenza amamenenja aqondile azibona kahle izinkathazo zezakhamuzi. i-Boston ye-“Dolobha Score” ifaka izimpawu eziningi zezenzo mayelana nezikhathi zokusabela kwemitapo yezincwadi. Lokhu akuthuthukisi ukulandisa kuphela kodwa futhi kukhuthaza ukubambisana eminyangweni lapho izibalo ziphuma.

Izinselele Nendlela Yokuzisingatha

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile, ukusebenzisa iDDDM ngokwesilinganiso kunezithiyo. abaphathi bamadolobha kumelwe basebenzise izinselele eziningana ezibucayi ukuze baqaphele ukuthi izinto abazenzayo zingaba ngcono.

Ukuba Wedwa Kwemininingwane Yezokwelapha Nokulondeka

Ukuqoqa ukwaziswa okungathandeki ngezakhamuzi kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okungokomthetho ngokuqapha, ukusebenzisa kabi, nokuphuka. Ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni elihlakaniphile kwanqandwa kwezinye izindawo ngokwesaba iprojekthi ye- “Big Mzalwan”. Ukukhuluma ngalokhu, amadolobha kumelwe athathe amapulani aqinile alawulayo achaza ukuthi ubani ongathola ukwaziswa, ukuthi kungasetshenziswa kanjani, futhi isikhathi eside kangakanani kugcinwe. Toronto’s Waterst [[ nge-Sitelk Labs ubhekene nomthetho owe-ms owe-ms obhekene hlangothini lwezindaba zomuntu siqu, kuholela ekutholeni i-data eqinile nemithetho elawulayo.

Ubungako Bemininingwane Nokukhula

Imniningo eluhlaza ngokuvamile iyabhidlika, iyaguquguquka, noma ayiphelele. Iminyango ehlukene ingasebenzisa izimiso ezihlukene, okwenza kube nzima ukwakha umbono ohlangene. Ukufakwa kokwaziswa kwamaplatfomu nama-stat ahlelwe ngokwezinga elifanele kungasiza. Amadolobha amaningi ayamukela izindinganiso zemininingwane njenge- Iprojectal Metacity shoborbon metam DEART[ ukuqinisekisa ukusebenziseka.

Amakhono Nezigebengu Zobudoda

Izisebenzi zasedolobheni zingase zingakutholi ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo ekuchazeni ukwaziswa noma ukusebenzisa amathuluzi athuthukisiwe. Ukuhlola [kungu-2021] [ku-International City/Coverty Management Association (ICMA) kuthola ukuthi bangaphansi kwengxenye yohulumeni bendawo abanomhlaziyi wokwaziswa onikezelwe. Ukuvala leligebe, amadolobha angasebenza namayunivesithi, aqashe abangane bawo ukwaziswa, noma anikeze izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa intuthuko. Ukwakha “imfundo yezemfundo” izisebenzi kufanele zibe yindawo yokuqala yabaholi bedolobha.

Ukumelana Nokushintsha

Ukusuka emikhubeni ewufa kuya ekuthuthweni kwemisebenzi ekhutshwayo kuvame ukuhlangabezana nokumelana kwezempucuko. Abaqashwa bangase bangakuthembi ukwaziswa noma bazizwe besongelwa ubuchwepheshe obusha. Ukushintsha okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuxhaswa kwezisebenzi eziphethe ngamandla, ukukhulumisana okucacile ngezinzuzo, nokuphumelela ngokushesha okubonisa ukubaluleka. Imisebenzi yokushayela ezindaweni eziphansi ze-trisk. Kubonakala sengathi izinhlelo zokuhlanza noma ukuthuthukisa ukunakekelwa kwepaki.

Izindleko Nokulondolozwa

Izinzwa ezidingwayo, i-software, kanye ne-alytics plat idinga ukutshala i-"GIS", futhi izindleko eziqhubekayo zingacindezela izindleko zikamasipala. Nokho, inzuzo yokutshala imali ivame ukuba nkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, iphenyiswa ngu-Esri ibonisa ukuthi ukuphatha izinto eziwusizo ezisekelwe eGIS kukodwa kungasindisa amadolobha 10-30% ezindlekweni zokunakekela. Imali evela kuhulumeni womphakathi, njengenyathelo lokuqala le-Smart Cities, ingasiza futhi ekulungiseni izindleko zokuqala.

Ukwakha Impucuko Ethuthukisa Imininingwane Kuhulumeni Wedolobha

Ubuchwepheshe bodwa akwanele; indlela ephumelelayo ye-DDDM idinga ukushintshwa kwempucuko phakathi kwenhlangano. Abaphathi bedolobha kumelwe basekele ukwaziswa njengempahla ewusizo futhi bakhuthaze indawo lapho ukuhlola kukhuthazwa khona.

Ubuholi Nobubusi

I-compal commistry eqinile igxeka. Ukumisa isikhulu semininingwane (CDO) noma ukwaziswa okulawulayo kwenza umkhandlu ube nesibopho sokulandisa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi amanyathelo okwaziswa ahambisana nezinto eziza kuqala edolobheni. iDolobha laseSan Francisco[ yamisa i-Data Coalition eyakhiwe ngabameleli abavela emnyangweni ngamunye ukuhlanganisa ukwaziswa nokuxazulula izingxabano.

Ukuqeqeshwa Namandla

Ukufunda ngezinhlelo zolwazi kuwo wonke amazinga omsebenzi kuyavuza. Izisebenzi zomgqebhezana oqonda indlela yokungena nokuchaza amabhodi ama-clashboard zingazenza kangcono izinqumo zosuku-suku. Ukuqeqeshwa okuphambili kwabahlaziyi ezindaweni ezinjenge Python[ noma [FLT]RR [FLT]] ingenza ukukhomba okuxekile kokuveza amakhono. [ii-internet:] amapulatifomu amaningi, kuhlanganise [[FLT:]] COurtera ], kunikeza izifundo ezihlolwayo enkampathi yomphakathi.

Ukuhlelwa Kwengxenye

Silos are the enemy of data-driven governance. Encouraging departments to share data and work on joint projects can yield insights that no single unit could achieve alone. For example, combining health department data on asthma rates with transportation department data on traffic corridors can identify areas where air quality improvements are most needed.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nendalo Kakho

Izakhamuzi akumelwe zibe abamukeli abangenzi-mininingwane abangekho emasimini awekho. Amadolobha amaningi anezinxoxo zomthetho noma izikhawu zobuchwepheshe bomphakathi lapho izakhamuzi zisebenzisa khona ukwaziswa okuvulekile ukwakha izinhlelo ezixazulula izinkinga zomphakathi. Helsinki[ unohlelo “lwedolobha njengenkonzo” oluhlanganisa izakhamuzi ekuklameni izixazululo zedolobha ezihlakaniphile, ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukwaziswa kusiza umphakathi kunokuba kusebenze nje.

Isiphetho

Isinqumo sokwaziswa esiqhubekayo asisesona inqubo edinga ukufinyelelwa, kodwa kusewumkhuba obalulekile kubaphathi bedolobha abazimisele ukubusa ngokuphumelelayo ezweni eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kusukela ekunciphiseni ukuminyana kwezimoto nasekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha komphakathi kuya ekuthuthukiseni ukukhanya nokuzinzisa, izinzuzo zicacile futhi ziyakwazi ukumelana. Kodwa, ukufinyelela lemiphumela kudinga okungaphezu kobuchwepheshe nje; kufuna ukuzimisela ekutholeni ulwazi oluphezulu, ulwazi oluyimfihlo, ukufunda okuqhubekayo, nokushintsha kwempucuko.

Amadolobha afaka amathuluzi afanele − njengamathuluzi okuzwa, i-GIS, iziteshi ezihlanganisayo njenge-Draiceus, ne-software e-alytics (ngesikhathi esifanayo akha amandla ezisebenzi zawo, ayoba ngcono kakhulu ukuqondisa izinselele zokuvaleka kwamadolobha. Ngokufaka imininingwane efakwa emadolobheni, abaphathi bedolobha bangaguqula ulwazi olungalungiswanga lube ukuhlakanipha okusebenzayo, banikeze izinkonzo ezihlakaniphile, ezisabela kakhulu emiphakathini abasebenza kuyo. Ikusasa lezokubusa kwasedolobheni liyi-Driven, futhi isikhathi sokuqala manje.