Isiqalo: Okwenza Izinqumo ZoMkhandlu Wasedolobheni Zibaluleke Kakhulu Kunombono Wakho

Imigodi yonke egcwele, ibhentshi ngalinye lamapaki elifakwe, zonke izikhawu ezinikezwayo , lezizinto ezingokoqobo zansuku zonke zokuphila komphakathi zilolongwa iqembu elincane lezikhulu ezikhethiwe: umkhandlu wakho wedolobha. Nakuba izombangazwe zezwe ngokuvamile zibusa izihloko eziphambili, kubusa indawo eqondile ukuphakama kwemigwaqo yakho, ukulondeka kwezindawo zakho, nokuvikelwa kwezomnotho nendawo yakho. Imikhandlu yasedolobheni iyizinjini zemithetho zamapulani, imangalela ukusungula imithetho, ikhokha izigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zemali ekhokha intela, futhi ibeke umbono wesikhathi eside wokukhula. Ukuqonda indlela lezi zindikimba ezisebenza ngayo akuyona nje indlela yokuzivivinya imfundo yezemfundo yendawo yakho; kuyindlela yokuhlanganyela kwezenhlalakahle. Uma izakhamuzi ziqonda isinqumo somphakathi, zingashintsha ukusabela kokuhluzeka kwemikhandlu, zishintshe ekuthatheni kwekhono lokusebenza kweze.

Lesi sihloko sinikeza isiqondiso esiphelele, esiwusizo emikhandlwini yamadolobha: izakhiwo zabo, imisebenzi yabo eyinhloko, inqubo elandelayo ukuze benze izinqumo, izithiyo ezibhekene nazo, nezindlela eziningi izakhamuzi ezingazithatha ngokuphumelelayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumvoti omusha, ummeleli womphakathi, noma uchwepheshe kahulumeni wendawo, ukuqonda okungezansi kuyokusiza ukuba uqondise izwe lokubusa kwendawo ngokuqiniseka.

Uyini UMkhandlu Wedolobha?

Umkhandlu wedolobha uyindikimba yomthetho kahulumeni kamasipala. .amalungu awo abizwa ngokuthi amalungu e-countains, aldermen, noma amalungu omkhandlu . "ngokuvamile akhethwa izakhamuzi zedolobha noma idolobha. Indima eyinhloko yomkhandlu iwukumelela izithakazelo zomphakathi, ukudala nokulunga kwemithetho yendawo, uvumela uhlelo lwemali lwaminyaka yonke, futhi uqondise amanxusa edolobha nezinhlangano. E-United States, imikhandlu yedolobha iyahluka kakhulu (kusukela emadolobheni amathathu amancane kakhulu kuya emadolobheni angaphezu kwangu-50 emadolobheni amakhulu anjenge New York) futhi wonke ahlanganyela egunya lawo, kodwa wonke umthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko wokuhumusha izinkonzo zomphakathi.

Ibalulekile, imikhandlu yamadolobha isebenza phakathi komthetho omiswe umthetho-sisekelo wezwe nezimiso. Amandla ayo awanakungabi namkhawulo; kumele asebenze phakathi kwemingcele yomthetho kahulumeni futhi angakwazi ukudlulisa imithetho ephikisana namazinga aphezulu kahulumeni. Ukuze uthole ukucubungula okunegunya kwezakhiwo zikahulumeni kamasipala e-U.S., hlola i- National League of Citiesssssss ismes zezindlela zikahulumeni kamasipala .

Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Okungokomlando: Kusukela Emihlanganweni Yasedolobheni Kuya Emikhandlwini Yanamuhla

Umqondo womkhandlu wedolobha unezimpande ezijulile. EMelika, amadolobha amaningi asebenzisa imihlangano yentando yeningi eqondile (imihlangano yedolobha) lapho bonke abahlala khona bebota imithetho namali. Njengoba amadolobha ayekhula, lo mfanekiso waba ongasebenzi, okwaholela ekudalweni kwezindikimba zabameleli. Namuhla, amadolobha amaningi aqala ukuvela “kumphathi-meya obuthakathaka” kanye“ nezimiso zesifunda esiqinile”, kanye nohlobo lwe-conomistrial-magella, okuhloselwe ukuhlela ukuphatha. Inkathi eqhubekayo yaletha izinguquko ezinjengokukhetha okungahambisani kwemiyangabo nakuyindisela ekuvoti. Imizamo yokuvota i-vota i-kuhlela inkohlakalo. Namuhla, amadolobha amaningi ahlola ngezindlela ze-projective, njengomphathi wedolobha onolwazi, ukulinganisela ukuhleleka nokwenza kahle. Ukuqonda lomlando kusiza abanye ukuba babonise ukusabela kwezakhamuzi, futhi alungise izinhlelo zezindawo.

Izakhiwo Nezibonelo Zemikhandlu Yasedolobheni

Imikhandlu yamadolobha ayibonakali yonke ifana. Izimo ezivelele zokwakha e-United States ziyi-indlela yokulungisa idolo kanye nesimiso se- council-manager[. Ngamunye unemiphumela ehlukile yamandla, ukulandisa, nesivinini sokwenza isinqumo.

Uhlelo lweMayor-Council

Kulesibonelo, umphathi-dolobha ungowodwa okhethwe onamandla abalulekile, kuhlanganise neveto igunya lomthetho womkhandlu nekhono lokumisa izinhloko zemikhandlu. Lomkhandlu usebenza njengesehlulelo sokulwa kwemithetho. Lesimiso sivame ukwenza ukulandisa okucacile kwezombangazwe kodwa singaholela ekubeni isikhulu esiqinile uma imeya nomkhandlu uvela emaqenjini aphikisanayo.

Isimiso somphathi-Mkhandlu

Lapha, umkhandlu wedolobha uqasha umphathi wedolobha oqeqeshiwe ukuba engamele imisebenzi yezinsuku zonke. Umphathi usebenzisa inqubo, alungise uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali, futhi aphathe izisebenzi − kodwa ulandisa kumkhandlu, ogcina igunya lomthetho. Lo mkhandlu ugcizelela ukuphatha kochwepheshe futhi uvamile emadolobheni aphakathi nakhulayo. Umkhandlu ugxila ekuqondiseni okubanzi kwenqubo kunokugxila emininingwaneni yokuphatha.

Kubukhulu vs. Ukukhetha kwesifunda

Enye inguquko yokwakha indlela amalungu omkhandlu akhethwa ngayo. Kunokhetho olukhulu lusho ukuthi abantu basemadolobheni amaningi bakhetha wonke amalungu, anganciphisa ukumelelwa kwabantu abambalwa. [ ukhetho [kunje] lwendlela yokukhetha [ lokuhlukanisa idolobha libe yizindawo zendawo, ngalinye elikhetha ummeleli, elivame ukuveza imikhandlu ebhekene kakhulu. Amanye amadolobha asebenzisa ingxube: amalungu akhethwe ezifunda kanye nezihlalo ezinkulu. Inqubo yokukhetha ethinta amazwi ayo azwakalayo emagumbini omkhandlu. Ukuhlola okujulile, [[FLT:] ukuhlolwa okungaphezulu, i-Baltiotation of countrome [FF]

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Eyinhloko: Lokho Imikhandlu Yasemadolobheni Ekwenza Ngempela

Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi evamile yokushaya umthetho, imikhandlu yamadolobha inegunya ezicini eziningana ezibucayi ezikuthonya ngokuqondile ukuphila komphakathi.

Ukushaya Imithetho Nezivumelwano

Izinhlelo zomkhandlu, izimpikiswano, namavoti emithethweni yendawo .(kusukela kwizimiso zomsindo nezimiso zokwakha kuya kwimithetho yesikhashana yezempilo yomphakathi. Lezi mithetho ziphethe ithonya lomthetho phakathi kwemingcele yedolobha futhi zingaba yindawo evamile njengezimfuneko zenja noma ilandela imithetho yokulawula.

Ukusetshenziswa Komali Nemali

Mhlawumbe ithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu lomkhandlu yimali esetshenziswayo. Izinhlangano zivumela amasu akhona asetshenziswayo ngonyaka, zihlele intela yempahla, zigunyaze ukuboleka (amabhande), futhi zinikeze imali emaphoyiseni, amapaki, amathala, nezakhiwo. Izinqumo zokusetshenziswa kwemali zibonisa izinto eziza kuqala; ngokwesibonelo, ukutshala imigwaqo yamabhayisekili kanye nemigwaqo enwebekayo kuyisici esiphathelene nezindinganiso zokuhamba zesikhathi esizayo. Izakhamuzi eziqonda umjikelezo wohlelo lokuhlela imali zingaba nethonya elingcono ngokufaka imvume yomphakathi.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezwe Nokuzingela

Imikhandlu isho okugcinayo ngezinqumo zokusebenzisa izwe: imisebenzi yokuthuthukisa, ukulungisa amaphasela, ukunikeza amaphasela, nokwamukela amacebo abanzi. Lezi zinqumo zithonya ukukwazi ukukhokha izindlu, isimo sendawo ezungezile, nokulondolozwa kwendawo ezungezile. Ngokwesibonelo, isimo somkhandlu ekuncipheni kwezindlu noma ukuvulela umnyango amaqembu amaningi okuqasha.

Ukuqondisa Nokuqondisa

Izinhlangano zibeka izinhloso zesimiso sokungathathi hlangothi kwekharbon, ukunciphisa ukungabi namakhaya, noma ukuthuthukisa ukuthutha komphakathi (*) futhi zibhekisa phambili intuthuko yezisebenzi zasedolobheni. Zibamba ukuzwa, imibiko, futhi zingaqala ukuhlola eminyangweni yedolobha. Ukuhlela ukuba kufakwe amabhodi namakhomishane (ikhompathi yezemvelo, ibhodi lamapaki, njll.)

Inqubo Yesinqumo: Ukusuka Kuyi - Idea Kuya Ekubeni Inqaba

Lolu hambo luvame ukulandela indlela ehlelwe kahle, enezinyathelo eziningi eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kunengqondo futhi kuqondiswe umphakathi.

  1. Ukuveza: Inkinga noma ithuba lilethwa ekunakekeleni komkhandlu, ilungu lomkhandlu, izisebenzi zasedolobheni, noma iqembu labaqondisi besizwe. Lokhu kungaba yilutho olusuka eziphambanweni eziyingozi kuya esihlongozweni samakethe abalimi.
  2. Ukuhlaziya okuyimfihlo:[ Umphathi wedolobha noma umnyango othinta imoto ulungiselela umbiko ohlaziya ukuhluleka komnyombo, izindleko, incazelo engokomthetho, kanye nezinye izindlela. Le dokhumende iba isisekelo sengxoxo yomkhandlu.
  3. Ukulalela: Umkhandlu uhlela ukuqulwa kwecala lomphakathi (ngokuvamile) phakathi nomhlangano wasikhathi sonke (ukuthi izakhamuzi zingafakaza). Eminye imikhandlu yenza izenzakalo zehholo ledolobha. Lesi sinyathelo sidingeka ngokomthetho ukuze kuhlelwe indlela yokusetshenziswa kwemali kanye nokuhlelwa kwezinguquko ezizweni eziningi.
  4. Committee Review: emadolobheni amakhulu, isiphakamiso sibhekiselwa ekomitini emile (isimo, iKomiti yoNyuselo yomphakathi, iMali) ukuze ihlolwe kabanzi. Ikomiti ingasilungisa isiphakamiso ngaphambi kokusithumela emkhandlwini ogcwele.
  5. I-Eyebot kanye neSichibiyelo: phakathi nomhlangano womkhandlu osemthethweni, amalungu aphikisana ngesiphakamiso, ahlongoza ukubuyisana, futhi axoxe ngentengiselwano. Umphakathi ungabuka; amadolobha amaningi ageleza imihlangano ku-inthanethi.
  6. Ivoti ebanzi: Umkhandlu uvota. I-ordinances ivame ukudinga iningi elivamile (i-50%+1), kodwa ezinye izenzo − njengokusemnakekeli wemeya iveto noma ukuvuma isibopho somcimbi wesibopho.]

Le nqubo ingathatha amasonto noma izinyanga. Ukubona gca imbonakalo kuyakhula uma amadolobha enyathelisa iziteshi, imizuzu, namavidiyo okuhlangana. Isibonelo sezwe langempela, bheka ukuthi [[FLT: 0] i-OpenCtimess zisiza kanjani ukuba ama-compalimeter enze izinqumo zitholakale kakhulu.

Indima Yezakhamuzi: Ngaphandle Kokuncoma

Izindawo zokukhetha zimane ziyisiqalo. Ukubusa kwendawo okuphumelelayo kuxhomeke ekuthembiseni izakhamuzi okuqhubekayo. Nazi izindlela ezinamandla kakhulu izakhamuzi ezingahlanganyela kuzo:

  • [ Imihlangano yoMkhandlu ehlangene:[ njalo] ihlanganisa ukujwayelana nezimpikiswano nobuntu. Imihlangano eminingi ihlanganisa “ukukhulumela obala” inkathi yethuba lokukhuluma imizuzu emibili-3 kunoma isiphi isihloko.
  • Ukukhonza ebhodini naseKhomishinini:[ Amadolobha amaningi anezindikimba ezihlobanisayo zokuhlela, amapaki, ezobuciko, nezinye. Lezi zindima zokuzithandela zinikeza ithonya eliqondile ezihlongozweni zezimiso ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele umkhandlu.
  • Sebenzisa Amathuluzi e-Digital: Amadolobha amaningi manje anikeza amatheku kuyi-inthanethi ukuze anikeze izicelo zenkonzo, akhulume ngemithetho ehlongozwayo, futhi alandele amavoti omkhandlu. Hlanganisa nama-akhawunti ezokuxhumana nezincwadi ze-imeyili.
  • Ukuhlanganisa nomakhelwane: Iqembu lezakhamuzi ezikhuluma kanyekanye lithwala isisindo esikhulu. Izinhlangano zomphakathi zingawuncenga umkhandlu.
  • balekela ihhovisi: Indlela yokugcina yokuhlanganyela. Ukhetho lwendawo luvame ukuba nomthungo ophansi, okwenza kube lula ngabantu abashisekayo ukuba banqobe ngomkhankaso ophansi.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nemikhandlu Yanamuhla Yamadolobha

Ngisho nemikhandlu ezimisele kahle ilwa nezinselele eziphikelelayo ezingavimbela ukubusa okuphumelelayo.

Iziteshi Zokusebenzisa Imali

Amadolobha amaningi asebenza ngaphansi kwemingcele eqinile yemali egciniwe, − ngokuvamile ibopha intela yentela yempahla noma yentela yezentengiselwano. Uma izindleko zempesheni, ezokwelapha, nezezezisekelo zemisebenzi zinyuka ngokushesha kunemali ehholo, imikhandlu ibhekene nezinkonzo ezibuhlungu: izinkonzo zokusika, izindleko zokukhuphula intela, noma ukugcinwa kwemali. Lokhu kungabangela ukucabanga okufushane.

Ukwenezelwa Kwezombangazwe

Izombangazwe zendawo ziveza ukuhlukana kwesizwe ngokwandayo. Ukulwa kungakhubaza imikhandlu, kubambezele ukuvota okugxekayo, futhi kuqede ukwethembana komphakathi. Ukhetho lomkhandlu lwantula kumelwe lunciphise lokhu, kodwa ngokomthetho, ukusekela kweqembu ngokuvamile kuqhubekisela phambili imiphumela.

Ukudalulwa Komphakathi Nokudukiswa

Uma izakhamuzi ezimbalwa zinaka, iqembu elincane, elinomsindo lingabusa.

Ikhono Lokuphatha

Amadolobha amancane kungenzeka anezisebenzi ezilinganiselwe ekucwaningeni izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi mayelana nezikhukhula − njengokusekela kwezimali zezindlu ezibizayo — ukuhola imikhandlu ukuze ithembele kakhulu emithonjeni embalwa enolwazi. Lokhu kungadala izindawo ezingaqondakali.

Ukuhlola Icala: Izifundo Ezivela Emikhandlwini Yasedolobheni Ephumelelayo

Ukuhlola indlela imikhandlu ethile esingatha ngayo izinselele kunikeza isikhuthazo esingokoqobo.

Portland, Oregon: Ingxenye ekuHlanzeni Uhlelo Nokusebenzisa Izwe

Umkhandlu wedolobha lasePortland wasungula uhlelo lokuhlela imali yokuhlukanisa, uvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zinqume ngokuqondile ukuthi zingayisebenzisa kanjani ingxenye yemali yenhloko- dolobha. Lo mkhandlu futhi usebenzisa “umthetho okhethekile wonyaka” ukubukeza inqubo njalo ngemva kweshumi leminyaka ukuze kuqalwe kabusha izakhiwo zokubusa. Ukusondela kwazo emingceleni yokukhula kwamadolobha kuye kwathonya amadolobha emhlabeni wonke.

ISan Francisco, eCalifornia: Izindlu Nezimiso Zokuthutha Eziqhubekayo

I-Board of Supervisors ye-San Francisco (idolobha lomkhandlu) iye yaphishekela izimiso zobudlova zokulawula intela, izivikelo, nentuthuko yokuthutha. Naphezu kwempikiswano, ibonisa indlela imikhandlu engasebenzisa ngayo ukuhlanganisa nokuhlobanisa izibopho ukuze ikwazi ukukhokhela izimali, (_izilwisi manje zifundwa ngewebhusayithi kahulumeni ye- Francisco.

Minneapolis, Minnesota: I - Equity Nendawo Ezungezile Yokuzimela

Ngo-2018, iMinneapolis yaba idolobha lokuqala elikhulu lase-U.S. eliqeda izindawo zomkhaya owodwa kuphela, ukuthutha okubangelwa yimigomo yobuhlanga nesimo sezulu. Umkhandlu wedolobha wamukela futhi icebo elibanzi lesimo sezulu elinamasu aphoswayo. Ukuzimisela kwawo ukubekela inselele izithakazelo ezigxilile kubonisa amandla obuholi bomkhandlu.

Indlela Yokwenza Izwi Lakho Libe Nenzuzo: Izinyathelo Eziwusizo

Ukuze usuke embukisweni ongenzi lutho uye kwaba nengxenye ekhuthele, landela lezi zinyathelo:

  1. Funda iShedyuli yoMkhandlu Wakho:[ Thola izinsuku zomhlangano, indlela yokusayina ukukhulumela umphakathi, nendawo lapho kufakwa khona amacebo (ngokuvamile ingosi yedolobha).
  2. Lungisa Ummeleli Wakho: Yazi ukuthi uhlala kusiphi isifunda nokuthi umelela bani. Yiba khona emahhovisi abo noma uthumele i-imeyili emfushane.
  3. Yakha i-Pilorition: Izwi elilodwa lihle; amashumi amahlanu anamandla. Umngane nezindawo ezingakhiphi, amaqembu omakhelwane, noma izinhlangano ezicazululiwe.
  4. Focus on Local Issues:[ amalungu oMkhandlu asabela kakhulu kukhonkolo, izinkinga zomphakathi kunezitatimende zemibono ebanzi. Ukubuza kwakho mayelana nomthwalo wemfanelo wemali, ukuphepha komphakathi, noma izinga lokuphila.
  5. Landela:[ Ngemva komhlangano, thumela incwajana yokubonga, nikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe, futhi uqhubeke. Ukuphikelela kuyakhokhela.

Isiphetho: Amandla Asendaweni

Imikhandlu yamadolobha ayikude, ayizona izinhlangano ezingaqondakali. Ziyizindawo lapho injoloba yentando yeningi ihlangana khona nendlela yokuphila kwansuku zonke. Noma ingendlela ephephile, umoya ohlanzekile, noma indlu engcono kakhulu, umkhandlu ngokuvamile uyindawo ephumelela kakhulu yokushintsha. Ngokuqonda indlela imikhandlu esebenza ngayo `izakhiwo zayo, izinqubo, nezinqubo zazo, ." uzihlomisela khona ukuba uhambele phambili ngaleyo simiso ngenjongo. Ngokulandelayo uma ubona “ukwazisa kwezwi”, cabangela isimemo, hhayi isaziso. Izwi lakho, isaziso nesibindi, lingalolonga ikusasa lomphakathi wakho. UGenne, ngoba uqala ekhaya.