Ukuqonda Isimiso Esivumelana Nomthetho Sezivumelwano Zangaphambi Kwesivumelwano Esiphathelene Nobulili

Isinqumo esingokomthetho semibhangqwana eshadile ehlangeneyo siye sashintsha kakhulu eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, ikakhulukazi ngesibonakaliso . Obergefell v. Hodges ngo- 2015, esiqinisekisa ilungelo lokushada ezweni lonke eUnited States. Lolu shintsho luvule umnyango wemibhangqwana efanayo ehlangeneyo ukuze ifinyelele isilinganiso esigcwele samalungelo omshado, kuhlanganise nekhono lokungena evumelwaneni ngokomthetho engaphambili. Nokho, indlela yokungena esemthethweni nasekuhleleni okugunyazisweni ihlanganisa ulwembuyiselo lwemithetho eyinkimbinkimbi yezwe, ukuhlukana okungokomlando, nokucabangela okukhethekile okuhlukayo kulezo ezimpilweni ezihlukeneyo. Izivumelwano ezifanayo ezihlobene nezokuthatha izivumelwano eziqondene, izivumelwano ezingokomthetho ayisona ithuluzi nje kuphela kodwa ithuluzi elingokomthetho, ukusekelana nokunikezwa kwemithwalo yemfanelo yomzali, ngisho nethuba lokuthola imibandela engokomthetho engokomthetho ongokomthetho, lapho kuvunyelwa imibhangqwana esingokomthetho esingokomthetho esingokomthetho kanye neso esingokomthetho.

Umlando Nezenzakalo Ezibalulekile Ezingokomthetho

Ngaphambi konyaka ka-2015, imibhangqwana efanayo engokobulili eUnited States yabhekana nemithetho ehlukene eyenza ukuba ukuqashelwa komshado kungaqiniseki. Izifundazwe ezingaqapheli imishado efanayo yobulili obuhlukile ngokuvamile zenqaba ukuphoqelela izivumelwano ezingokomthetho ezakhiwe ngokusemthethweni. I-Defense of Marriage Act [Doma] [[FOLMA] [[1]] [i-[FLT] [1], echaza ukulingana phakathi kwendoda nomfazi oyedwa nowesifazane oyedwa ngezinjongo zezwe, yenezela enye i-slectumsss. Imishadoma ishintshe imishado yesihluthulelo seze futhi ishintsha imishado yezinga eliyinhloko [[FLT] elazini] elazini elingu 50], futhi ihlelwe ngokomthetho ongokomthetho. Izivumelwano ezingokomthetho ezikhona kuzo zonke izinhlangano ezihlukene, futhi imibhangqwana obungekhona ezilinganisweni ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho, kodwa ikhona kanye nezikathi ezihlukene, nakuba imibhangqwana ezihlukene, imishaniso ezihlukeneyo kanye kanye kanye kanye kanye kanye kanye kanye kanye kanye

Izimfuneko Ezingokomthetho Zokuvuma Izivumelwano Ezisemthethweni Zangaphambi Komshado

Ukuze iqiniswe, isivumelwano sangaphambi kokumiswa kumelwe sanelise izimpawu eziyisisekelo eziningana ezingokomthetho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuthambekela kobulili kombhangqwana. Lezi zimfuneko ziklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ubulungisa, imvume yokuzithandela, nokucacisa. Imibhangqwana engokwabobulili obufanayo kufanele inake igxathu ngalinye ngoba ukuphambuka kungangenisa izinselele, ikakhulukazi ezimisweni lapho izimo zokwahlulela ngemishado efanayo zingathuthuki kakhulu.

Ukuvuma Nokuzithandela

Bobabili abahilelekile kumelwe bangene ngokukhululekile esivumelwaneni, ngaphandle kokuphoqelelwa, ukuphoqelelwa, noma ithonya elingadingekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isivumelwano asinakusayinwa ngaphansi kosongo lokucisha umshado noma ezinye izinhlobo zokucindezela. Izinkantolo ziyohlola izimo ezihlobene nokusayina, njengalapho sekuyaniwa futhi kubulawa. Isinqumo esinikezwa ngaphambi nje kwamahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba idili lithathwe njengelula. Imibhangqwana efanayo, izingcindezi zangaphandle emkhayeni noma ezingokwenhlalo ngezinye izikhathi ingafeza indima ethile; kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi isinqumo senziwa ngenhlonipho ephelele.

Izimali Eziningi Ezingasetshenziswa

Ukwambulwa okuphelele nokuqotho kwazo zonke izinto, izikweleti, iholo, nezinzuzo zemali kuyimfuneko engenakuthathwa. Umngane ngamunye kumele anikeze umbono ofanele nonembile wesimo sakhe sezimali. Ukwehluleka ukudalula izinto ezibalulekile . "ngenhloso noma ngengozi" kungenza isivumelwano sibe naso sonke ize. Imibhangqwana efanayo engowesilisayo ngokuvamile iba nezinqumo ezikhethekile zezimali, njengasebudeni obulinganayo ngaphambi kokuba ishade uma iqongethe izinto ngokwehlukana ngaphandle kwesivikelo esingokomthetho somshado. Ukudalula izibalo eziphelele zivimbela ukungezwana okusemqondweni wengcebo noma izikweleti ezifihliwe.

Ifomu Elilotshiwe Nokubhujiswa

Isivumelwano sangaphambi komshado kumelwe sibhalwe phansi futhi sisayinwe yizo zombili. Izivumelwano ze-verbal azigunyaziswanga. Isivumelwano kumele sifezwe ngemithetho efunwa umthetho kazwelonke, engase ihlanganise ukuqanjwa noma ukufakaza. Izifundazwe eziningi zifuna futhi ukuba isivumelwano sisayinwe kahle ngaphambi komshado ukuze kugwenywe ukubonakala kwempoqo. Imibhangqwana efanayo-ex - sex - ihlole izimfuneko eziqondile zokubulala kukahulumeni, njengoba amanye amazwe anemithetho eyengeziwe yangaphambi komthetho owesifa phakathi kwamakhosi ashadayo eqala ukuthatha izinkathi eyodwa engaphambili neyandulela i-Oberge.

Ukumelelwa Kwezomthetho Ngokuzimele

Nakuba kungesona isibopho ngaso sonke isikhathi, iseluleko somthetho esizimele somkhakha ngamunye situswa kakhulu. Uma omunye umuntu engenaye ummeli, izinkantolo zingahlolisisa ukuthi lowo oshade naye uyiqonda ngokugcwele yini imibandela yesivumelwano, ikakhulukazi uma ulimi luyinkimbinkimbi noma luthanda omunye umuntu. Imibhangqwana efanayo engokobulili obuhlukile, enemimeli ehlukene iqinisekisa ukuthi izithakazelo zomuntu ngamunye ziyavikelwa ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile, njengokuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi noma izithakazelo zebhizinisi ezitholakala ngaphambi komshado. Kwezinye izifunda, ukuntula izimpawu zokuzimela kuyisici esiholela esivumelwaneni esibekwe eceleni.

Izinselele Ezingaphoqelelwa Ezitholwa Imibhangqwana Ehlanganyela Ubulili

Ngisho noma i-prenst ihlangabezana nazo zonke izimfuneko ezingokomthetho, ingase ibhekane nezinselele eziyingqayizivele zokugcinwa kwamandla. Lezi zinselele ngokuvamile zibangelwa ukuqashelwa okungokomthetho kwamuva nje kwemishado yobulili obufanayo, izincazelo zezwe ezihlukene, kanye nethuba lokusebenzisa imithetho ngokuphindiwe.

Ukungaguquguquki Nokungahleleki

Inkantolo ingayenqaba ukuphoqelela isivumelwano somthetho uma ithola amagama angalawuleki, okusho ukuthi ashaqisa unembeza, ayisizwa, noma aphumele ekuphumeleni okungalungile ngesikhathi sokuqiniswa kwemithetho. Imibhangqwana efanayo engowesilisayo, okungazenza ihluleke. Isivumelwano singaqondwa ukuthi ukusekelana kobushado kungabhekwa njengokungavumelani uma omunye umngane enikela umsebenzi wakhe ukuze asekele ibhizinisi lomunye noma akhulise abantwana. Ngenxa yokuthi imibhangqwana efanayo engokomlando ibhekene nezithiyo zokushada, abanye bangase benze umsebenzi wokuzidela ngokuphepha ngaphandle kwenetha yomshado. Isivumelwano esihluleka ukuvuma leminikelo singaba lula ukuhlasela. Uma kulokhu kudlalwa ibhizinisi, uma kusetshenziswa izimpawu ezivamile. Uma kusetshenziswa izimpawu zomshado, omunye angase avume ukuthi uvuma ukuthi ucingo.

Ukushintshashintsha Kwezimo

Imithetho yoMbuso ihluka kakhulu ngokuphathelene nalokho izivumelwano zangaphambi konyaka ezingahlanganisa khona. Izivumelwano ezithi zihlanganiswe, indlela okumelwe zihlanganiswe ngayo, kanye nezizathu zokuzibeka eceleni. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izifundazwe zivumela ukumiswa kwangaphambi kokumiswa kwemithetho yokugcinwa kwezingane nokusekelwa kwazo, kuyilapho ezinye zivimbela amalungiselelo anjalo ngoba ziphazamisana nesibopho senkantolo sokwenza ngokuvumelana nesithakazelo esingcono kakhulu somntwana. Izivumelwano ezifanayo eziphila esimweni esingasekelwanga kakhulu iLGBTQ+ amalungelo angabhekana nesithiyo esengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umbhangqwana uhamba usuka ezweni eliqaphela isilinganiso sawo sobungane, isivumelwano singase sibe esiwukuba sihloselwe ukuphinde sihlolwe. Kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlanganisa ukukhetha kwemithetho yemithetho ebekwe ngaphambi kokuba ichazwe futhi ichazwe.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithetho Okuwusizo

Imibhangqwana eminingi engokobulili obufanayo yayisebuhlotsheni obubodwa esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba imishado iqapheleke. Abanye kungenzeka ukuthi bangene ezivumelwaneni zangaphambi komshado ngaphambi kokuba u-Obergefell afe lapho engenakushada ngokomthetho esimweni sakubo. Ukuphoqelelwa kwezivumelwano ezinjalo zangaphambi kombhishobhi kungaba yinkimbinkimbi. Izinkantolo ngokuvamile zisekela ukusayinwa kwangaphambi komshado ongokomthetho, kodwa uma umbhangqwana kamuva ushade esimweni esihlukile ngemva kokushintshwa komthetho, i-prennup kungase kudingeke ukuba uphinde uqinisekiswe noma uvuselelwe. Iseluleko somthetho esivela kummeli ojwayelenesikhathi esithile eLBTQQ kudingekile ukuba uqondise lezimpikiswano zomshado ezingokomthetho.

Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile Kwemibhangqwana Ehlanganyela Ubulili

Ngaphandle kwesithiyo esivamile, imibhangqwana ethandanayo kumelwe ibhekane nokukhathazeka okuhlukile okungathinteki imibhangqwana engokobulili obuhlukile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amalungelo obuzali, ukuhlela indawo ngaphesheya kwezindawo, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlukanisa intela.

Amalungelo Abazali Namalungiselelo Okuhlala Nabantwana

Izivumelwano zangaphambi komthetho azinakunquma ukuthi izingane ziyoba nabantwana noma zisekele ngoba izinkantolo ziyakwazi ukuphatha izinzuzo ezingcono kakhulu zengane. Nokho, i-prenfin ingathinta amalungiselelo ngokwezimali ezingane, njengezindleko zasekholiji noma umshuwalense wokuphila. Kubazali abafanayo, ikakhulukazi labo abamukela izingane noma abasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuzala obusizayo (ART), i-prenpa iyakwazi ukuveza amathemba okwenza izinqumo nokusekela ngokwezimali uma ubuhlobo buphela. Nokho, noma yimiphi imigomo ezama ukulinganisela amalungelo omzali noma ukusekela izibophophophophophozo zengane ayifanele iphoqelelwe. Kubalulekile ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwalokho okungahlanganisa ngokomthetho izindaba zobumpohlo.

Ifa Nokwaba Ifa

Imibhangqwana efanayo ehlanganyela ekuhleleni ifa ngokuvamile inezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ingaba nabantwana abavela ebuhlotsheni bangaphambili, izakhiwo zomkhaya ezingezona ezesiko, noma impahla etholwa ngaphambi komshado. Isivumelwano sangaphambi komshado singachaza ukuthi amalungelo efa lomngane ngamunye ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni kufanele ashintshwe kanjani. Ngokwesibonelo, ingalivala ilungelo lokukhetha noma ukuhlelwa kwefa elithile. Nokho, lamalungiselelo kumelwe avumelane nemithetho yemithetho esemthethweni ekwabiweni nasempahlani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umbhangqwana ofanayo wefa lefa lefa ngaphansi komthetho, i-prenup kufanele wazi ukuthi leyo mpahla izophathwa kanjani. Ngaphandle kokucophelela, umngane womshado angalahlekelwa amalungelo efa angavikelwa ngaphandle komthetho.

Ukuphoqelelwa Kwentela

Isehlukaniso sinemiphumela yentela, futhi isivumelwano sangaphambi komthetho singayithinta ngokungaqondile imiphumela ngokuhlela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla nokusekelwa komshado. Imibhangqwana efanayo kufanele iqaphele ukuthi nakuba umthetho kahulumeni wentela manje uphatha imishado efanayo ngaphansi kwe-IRS, imithetho yentela kahulumeni ingahlukahluka. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusekela okusemthethweni kungagunyazwa intela kukhokhelwa umlingane okhokhelwa umlingane okhokhelwayo kanye neholo elikhokhelwa umbhalisa oshade naye ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni, kodwa ukuphatha intela okungokomthetho kungase kuhlukane. I-prenap ehlanganisa ukusekela okungakhokhwa kwentela kufanele kufake isikhwama kule mithetho yentela ukuze kugwenywe ukukhokhelwa intela okungabekelwe ngokomthetho. Ukukhokhwa kwentela noma ummeli okhokhelwa intela phakathi nenqubo yokuphonsa engokomthetho kuhlakaniphile.

Ukuthuthela Emazweni Ngemithetho Ehlukahlukene

Imibhangqwana efanayo engowe-computer iyahamba kakhulu, futhi ukuthuthela esifundeni esinemithetho ehlukile yomshado noma yesivumelwano kungathinta ukuphoqeleka kwesivumelwano. Ngokwesibonelo, umbhangqwana ohlala esifundeni sempahla somphakathi (njenge California) oya ezweni elivamile (njenge New York) ungathola ukuthi i-prenatus yawo idinga ukuhlolwa. Izinkantolo ezintsha zingasebenzisa isimiso sawo siqu lapho uhlola isivumelwano. u-okhekhe-mthetho we-omgadayo [ eqoka umthetho obekwa umthetho owesizwe esithile (ngokuvamile lapho umbhangqwana uhlongozela ukuhlala) zingazifaka lezi zingozi. Nokho, izinkantolo azibophi ngaso sonke isikhathi uma zihlongoza ukumiswa kwemithetho yomphakathi.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zokunqanda Uphango Oluyimpoqo

Ukuze benze isivumelwano esizothatha isikhathi, imibhangqwana ehlanganyela ubulili obufanayo kufanele ilandele inqubo enikezwayo. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuqubuka futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi isivumelwano siveza izinhloso zangempela zombili abangane bomshado.

Butha Ulwazi Oluphelele Lwezimali

Qala ngokuhlanganisa uhlu oluningiliziwe lwazo zonke izimpahla, izikweletu, nemithombo yemali etholakalayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-akhawunti ebhange, imali yomhlalaphansi, indawo, ukutshala ifa, inzuzo yebhizinisi, impahla, nefa elilindelwe. Bobabili kufanele badlulisele lokhu kwaziswa ekuqaleni kwenqubo. Besebenzisa ikhasi lezembulo zemali, ngokuvamile elinikezwa abameli bomkhaya, bangaqinisekisa ukuphelela. Imibhangqwana efanayo yezentengiselwano, kufanele iqashe ngokukhethekile impahla okungenzeka ukuthi itholakale phakathi nesikhathi lapho imibhangqwana isesikolweni sasekhaya noma enyunyana somphakathi, njengoba le mithetho ingaba ngaphansi kwemithetho ehlukene kuye ngokwezwe.

Ukuhlanganyela Ezimpahleni Ezikhangayo Ezihlukene

Ngisho noma i-prenpup ibonakala iqondile, ngamunye kufanele asale nommeli wakhe ozimele. Lokhu akusikho nje ukutusa okubucayi. Ummeli angachaza imiphumela engokomthetho yelungiselelo ngalinye, aphawule amaphutha, futhi axoxe ngemisho elinganayo. Uma omunye engenaye ummeli, ummeli womunye ummeli akanakumelela bobabili abameleli ngenxa yezingxabano zesithakazelo. Izindleko zokuqasha abameli ababili zingaphansi kakhulu kwezindleko zokuqasha ummeli ongafaneleki kamuva.

Ukusingatha Izinguquko Zesikhathi Esizayo

Ukuphila akulindelekile. Ukuhamba kahle ngaphambi kokuba kuvele kufanele kuhlanganise amalungiselelo alokho okwenzekayo uma umbhangqwana unezingane, uma iholo lomngane womshado likhula kakhulu noma lincipha, noma uma lithuthela kwesinye isifunda. Izigaba ezivamile zihlanganisa amalungiselelo okushona kwelanga (ukuqala kuphele ngemva kweminyaka ethile) noma ukulungisa okuhlangene nobude bomshado. Imibhangqwana efanayo yangaphambi komshado kufanele icabangele ukuthi i-athop ingazivuselela yini ngokuzenzekelayo uma iqala ukubusa ngemithetho ehlukene.

Bukeza Nokuvuselela Ngezikhathi Ezithile

Isivumelwano sangaphambi konyaka asiyona incwadi eyimfihlo. Izenzakalo ezinkulu zokuphila .(ukuzalwa kwengane, ukushintsha umsebenzi, ifa, noma ukuthunyelwa kwenye indawo) zingenza amagama okuqala angafanelekile noma angaphoqelelwe. Imibhangqwana ingenza isimiso sokubukeza isilinganiso sayo njalo eminyakeni embalwa futhi icabange ukwenza isivumelwano sangemva kwesidingo uma kudingeka. Imibhangqwana efanayo, ishintsha imithetho kahulumeni noma yombuso (njengezivikelo ezintsha ze LGBTQ+ + imikhaya) ingabangela isidingo sokubukeza. Ukugcina isivumelwano kwamanje kunciphisa amathuba okumangala phakathi nesehlukaniso.

Isiphetho

Izivumelwano ezingokobulili ezingokobulili zinikeza imibhangqwana ehlangeneyo indlela enamandla yokuchaza izimfuneko zayo zezimali nezingabazali, ukuvikela impahla, nokunciphisa izingxabano esimweni sokuhlukana. Nakuba izinhlelo ezingokomthetho ziye zaguquguquka kakhulu kusukela ekulinganani komshado, ukuhlukahlukahluka kwezwe ngokomlando kanye nokuguquguquka okungokomlando. Ithemba lokuthi ukuqopha kusengaphambili kuyasebenza futhi kuyaphoqelelwa ukuba kudingenwe ngokucophelela izimfuneko eziyisisekelo zemvume, ukuveza ngokugcwele, ukuma okubhaliwe, neseluleko esisemthethweni esizimele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibhangqwana efanayo yezentengiselwano ezikhethekile ezihlobene namalungelo abazali, ifa, intela, nokungavumelani komthetho womkhaya osuyazi kahle umthetho womshado okhona ngaphambi komthetho ovumelanayo kanye nomongokwawo.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe, cabangela imithombo ekhona ku- i-Melika Bar Association’s Family Law Language kanye neziqondisi zikahulumeni ezinemininingwane yezwe ku- Nolo[[. Njalo xhumana nommeli ofanelekayo ngaphambi kokwenza izinqumo zokugcina mayelana nesivumelwano sangaphambi konyaka.