ISikhathi Somthetho - sisekelo Senhlangano Yokukhetha YaseNdiya

I-EFLT:0 i-Atticle 324 ye-Constitution of India, iyindikimba esemthethweni esemthethweni ephathiswe ukusebenza kwesikhulu, isiqondiso, nokulawula kwayo yonke inqubo yokukhetha yePhalamende elikhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni. Imiswe ngaphansi [kombuso we- i-Article 324] [[FLT] ka-Constical Constitution] yeminye i-democracyism] engaphansi kwe-democracy, iklanyelwe ukusebenza ngokuzimele, i-ECI ikhutshwe ekucindezeleni kwezombangazwe. Igunya layo lidlulela ekulungiseleleni impumelelo, ukuvota okuphethe, futhi kuveza isisekelo esibonakalayo. Ngokungafani naleyo, lokhu kwenza i-ECI kusebenza ngokuqondisa i-eth sisekelo sesizwe se-demodemocrali.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Okungokomlando Nezenzakalo Ezibalulekile

Ukumiswa Neminyaka Yangaphambili

I-ECI yamiswa 25 January 1950 [usuku manje olugujwa njengoSuku Lwesizwe Serters'. Ekuqaleni, lwasebenza njengekhomishane eyodwa eyayiholwa yiKhomishane ye-Ecomputionerer (CEC). I-Sukumar Sen, i-CEC, yaqondisa ukhetho lokuqala lukawonke ngo-195952, ukuvota okwakudinga ukuqeda isithiyo sono olungenaludala, ikakhulukazi umshini wokuvota ongafundile. Kuleyominyaka yokuqala, umsebenzi wasebenza nezisebenzi ezincane futhi wathembela kakhulu ezinqunyweni zezandla.

Ukushintshela Enyameni Enezingxenye Eziningi

Iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu i-ECI yahlala iyilungu elilodwa. Nokho, ukukhula kwemicimbi kanye nezinsolo zokuziphatha kwabashokobezi phakathi nokhetho luka 1989 kwabangela ukushintshwa. Ngo-October 1989, uhulumeni waguqula umthetho ukuze uguqule ikhomishane ibe amalungu amathathu, wanezela amaKhomishane amabili e-Evolution ukuze asize i-CEC. Lokhu kushintshela ekusakazeni amandla nasekuthuthukiseni ukwenza izinqumo. Ikhomishane yaphinde yabuyisela esimisweni esisodwa ka-1990 ngaphambi kokuba ibuyiselwe emalungwini amathathu ngo 1993 ngaphansi kweKhomishane eSikhutha Ayinhloko soMphathi-Mkhosi we-Ompronto (Izimpemperamenties zenkonzo), 1991. Namuhla i-ECI ihlanganisa umkhandi wokwenza izinqumo ze-Propont kanye nezikhulu ezimbili, iphethe zonke izinqumo ezilinganayo ngo-19909.

Izenzakalo Eziwuphawu

I-ECI iye yasebenzisa izikhathi ezimbalwa ezibucayi: ukumiswa kwe-Emergency (1975-191977) lapho kumiswa ukhetho; ukusungulwa kwe-Ectronic Voting Machines (EVM) ngesisekelo somshayeli ngo-1982; ukusetshenziswa kwe-EVM kwabaningi ngo-2004; nokusetshenziswa kwe-Voter Vertified Paper Application Rays (VVPATs) kusukela ngo-2013. Isenzakalo ngasinye sibonisa amandla alo msebenzi omshini wokuzivumelanisa nezinselele zezesayensi yezezombangazwe.

Ukuhlelwa, Ukumiswa Nokumiswa Kwezakhiwo

IKhomishane Eyinhloko Yokhetho Nabameleli Bokhetho

UMongameli waseNdiya umisa uKhomishane omkhulu weNkantolo yokhetho kanye nabaphathi ababili bokhetho. Bakhonza izinqumo ezimisiwe zeminyaka eyisithupha noma kuze kube neminyaka engu-65, noma nini efika kuqala. I-CEC ijabulela iholo kanye namalungelo afanayo njengejaji leNkantolo Ephakeme, kuyilapho amaKhomishane enikeza ukulondeka okukhulu kwabahluleli beNkantolo Ephakeme. I-CCC ingasuswa kuphela ehhovisi ngenqubo yokungagunyazi yeNkantolo ephakeme kanye neyomahluleli weNkantolo ephakeme. [5] Ilungiselelo linikeza ukulondeka okukhulu kweshumi lezisebenzi ze-athonsitimenti futhi livikele ukukhululwa kwezisebenzi. Izikhulu zingasuswa kuphela ekutulweni kwe-CCCC, futhi zenezela esinye isigqeshane sesivikelo seNkampane seNkampala yeNkalanga Ephakeme.

Ukuthokomala Nezimo Zenkonzo

Izimo zenkonzo zichazwa yi-Ecommust Commission (Izinqumo Zenkonzo Yokhetho no-Transaction of Business), uMthetho, 1991. Isenzo siqinisekisa ukuthi imibandela ayinakushintshwa ekulimaleni kwababekhona ngemva kokumiswa. Ikhomishane isebenza njengendikimba ehlangene, nezinqumo ezithathwa yiningi. Uma kuthathwa i-coption, i-CEC inevota, nakuba ivumelana ngokweqiniso. Ukukhanya kokusebenza kwayo kwangaphakathi kuye kwaphenywa ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa imithetho engokomthetho ilawula imisebenzi yayo.

Umtapo womtholalwazi namandla angokomthetho

Ukuphathwa kwerola

I-ECI inomthwalo wokulungisa nokubukeza ngezikhathi ezithile iziqephu zezincwadi zokhetho ezihlelelwe wonke amapalamende kanye nomhlangano. Ngaphansi kwe Ukudluliswa koMthetho, 1950, ikhomishane ithatha ukubukeza unyaka ngamunye kanye nemishini yokubukeza ekhethekile njengokudingekayo. Ukubhalisa i-Online ovotar's Inkonzo ye-Port (NVSP) kanye nezinhlelo ezihambayo kuye kwenza inqubo yaba lula, kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zibhalise, zihlanganise amakheli, zihlaziye, futhi zihlole amagama azo.

Ukuziphatha Kokukhethwa

I-ECI inikeza uhlelo lokhetho ngemva kokumisa uMongameli noma uMbusi. Iqondisa isigaba ngasinye: kusukela ekuhlolweni kwezimpawu ezibekwayo nasekuhlolweni kuya ekwabiweni kwezimpawu, ukukhankanyelwa, ukuphenywa, ukubalwa, nokukhishwa komphumela. Ikhomishane iphoqelela ukuba kuphoqelelwe i-Model Codel of Eme (MCC)[[FLT]] ] [a iziqondiso eziqala ukusebenza ngokushesha lapho kumenyezelwa isimiso sokhetho. I-MCC ilawula izinkulumo zomkhankaso, izikhangiso, izikhangiso, nokusetshenziswa kwemishini kahulumeni ekuvimbeleni ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla.

Ama - affidavit Ne - Voter Victory

Amakhandimende kufanele afake ama-affidavits achaza izigebengu zawo, impahla yezimali, izikweleti, nezimfanelo zemfundo. I-ECI yenza lezi zikhombi zitholakale obala kuyi-inthanethi ukuze zinike abavoti amandla okwaziswa. Nge- Programme Voters’s Education and Electoral Paratiation (SEP) uhlelo, ikhokhisa imikhankaso yemfundo yabavoti, ikakhulukazi abashayeli abashayeli, abesifazane, nabavoti bokuqala, nabahlali abahliswayo.

Ukuhlolwa Nokuphoqelelwa

I-ECI inamagunya ombuso ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 324 ukuze inikeze iziyalo neziqondiso. Ingaba abameleli abahluleki ngenxa yokuhluleka ukukhipha izindleko zokukhetha amafayela noma ngenxa yemikhuba eyonakele. Ingamelana nokhetho olunciphisiweyo uma kuboniswa amaphutha. Phakathi nokhetho, ikhomishane i-ECommotion Observers @general, izindleko, kanye nezingqapheli zamaphoyisa. (ukuhlola ukuziphatha) Amaqembu ahamba ngendiza namaqembu ahlola amavidiyo kuyasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuvumelana ne-MCCC.

Inqubo Yokukhetha: Ukubuka Ngokulandelana

Isaziso nokuhlohla

Le nqubo iqala nge-Ecomtion Commission echaza izinsuku zokuphothula, ukuhlola, ukuhoxa, ukuhlola, nokubala. Abathatha i-Candida bafaka amaphepha abo okufaka i-common kanye ne-affidavits edingekayo. I-Scrutiny iqhutshwa yi-Softivant yokuBuyisela, engalahla ukufakwa kwegama ngaphandle kokuhlangana.

Ukuzama Ukwenza Umkhankaso Nokuziphatha Okuyisibonelo

Uma abazobhapathizwa sebeqalisiwe, inkathi yomkhankaso iqala. Imicimbi yezombangazwe ihlanganisa imibuthano, ukugcona ngeminyango, nokukhangisa ngeminyango. I-ECI iphoqelela i-MCC, evimbela ukunxenxa okusekelwe ngokwesigaba sezinhlanga, ukufumbathisa, nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokukhulekela ukuze kuqhutshwe umkhankaso. Ilawula futhi inkathi yokuthula (amahora angu-48 ngaphambi kokukhankatha) lapho umkhankaso uphela. Ukubhikica kubangela ukuba isijeziso futhi kunqandwe ngisho nokukhishwa.

Ukusebenza Kwentuthu

Ukugcona kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-Eclear Voting Machines (EVM) ne-VVPATs kuzo zonke iziteshi zokuhlola. Umshini ngamunye ushicilela amavoti kubantu ngabanye. I VVPAT ibhala iphepha elishintshwe abavoti ngefasitela elincane ngaphambi kokuvota kwabo. Iphepha lephepha livumela ukuqinisekiswa uma kuvela izibhedlela zokuhlola litholakala kubantu abakhubazekile, asebekhulile abavotayo, nabesifazane. Izinhlelo ezikhethekile zifana nezo zonke iziteshi ezihlolayo namadokodoba ezilawulwa abantu abakhubazekile.

Ukubala Nemiphumela

Ukubala kuqala ngosuku oluqondile, ngokuvamile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuhlola. I-ECI imisa abaphathi ababuyayo nezingqapheli ukuba baqondise lenqubo. I-VVVPAT ibhalwe kumanani abalulekile ezindawo ezikhethwe ngokulandelana izibalo iqinisekiswa ngokumelene no-EVM imiba eqinisekisiwe. Ngemva kokubala, lo myalo unikeza abawini nezitifiketi zokukhetha.

Izivubukulo Nendlela Yobuchwepheshe

Imishini Ye - electronic (EVM)

I-ECI yasungula ukusetshenziswa kwama-EVM ukuze isuse ukuvota okuzenzisa futhi inciphise amaphutha ezandla. Ama-EVM aguqula ukubonakala, asebenzisa ibhethri, futhi awafuni ukuxhumeka kunoma yiyiphi i-nethiwekhi, eyenza ukuba imelane nokushwabana. Phakathi neminyaka, ikhomishane ithuthukise imishini ukuze ihlanganise "Ayikho kwengasentla" (NOTA), eyasungulwa ngo-2013. Ukuhlola okuqinile kanye nokuhlola kwesithathu kwe-part amanani kuye kwaqhutshwa ukuze kukhulunyelwe ukuxoxa ngezinkinga zokwethembeka.

Umzila wephepha oqinisekisiwe (VVPAT)

Ivezwe ngeziqondiso zeNkantolo Ephakeme, iVVPATs inikeza indlela yokuqinisekisa ngokomzimba. Phakathi nokubala, iVVPAT ishiye iziteshi ezinhlanu ezikhethwe ngokulandelana ezikhona (noma iphalamende ngalinye liyikhomba-mthetho elilawulayo) i-Lok Sabhaha ukhetho oluqondiswe ngezandla nge-EVM-repedies. I-ECI futhi ihlongoze ukwandisa isampulo lokuhlola [[FL:0]] eye-EVVPAT iveza i-ficityficityfication semodelity [[

Izinqubo Zokuxhumana Zezinombolo

I-cVIGIL e-app ivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zibike ukuphulwa kwe-MCC ngesikhathi sangempela ngokufaka isithombe noma ubufakazi be-video. I-appletagtag i-sethi yenzeka futhi ithumela ukuqapha kumaqembu andizayo ukuze athathe isinyathelo esisheshayo. i-Onlinevotar i-NVSP ne-Voter Helpline app i-app i-evel evotimen izinkonzo zomvoti. I-ECI futhi isebenzisa ukubheka iziteshi ezihlola i-teshi ezihlolayo kanye nezintaphaza-mcomputha zezokuxhumana ukuze ithathela i-mkhondo.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo Nezimpikiswano

Imikhuba Yama - Malcolder

Naphezu kwezimiso eziqinile, izinselele ziyaqhubeka. Ukuthengiswa kwemali notshwala phakathi nokhetho, okwaziwa ngokuthi "imfundo," kusalokhu kwandile. I-ECI iye yamisa izinqubo zokuhlola njengokuhlola amangqamuzana ezindleko namaqembu ahlolayo, kodwa izinga lemali ehilelekile, njalo liba amakhulu ama-crores , okwenza kube nzima ukugcinwa ngokugcwele.

Ukwesaba Nobudlova

Kwezinye izindawo, abavoti babhekene nokwesatshiswa yizingqongqo zendawo noma amabutho ezombangazwe ahlomile (CAPF) amaphoyisa kahulumeni ahlomile anezela emaphoyiseni asezindaweni ezizwelayo. Amabutho empi avame ukuthunyelwa emoyeni emachashaza ashisayo, kodwa izenzakalo zokuthunjwa kwamatshe nobudlova ziyenzeka, ikakhulukazi ezizweni ezinemifelandawo eqinile yobugebengu.

Ukuthembela Emsakazweni We - electronic

Nakuba ama-EVM aye anciphisa ukukhwabanisa, ukungaqiniseki ngendawo yawo yokuguqula kuyaqhubeka phakathi kwamaqembu ezombangazwe namaqembu omphakathi. I-ECI iye yahlela imiboniso esobala futhi yavumela amaqembu ezombangazwe ukuba ahlole imishini, kodwa ifuna ukuqinisekiswa kwe 100% VVPAT kuyaqhubeka. INkantolo Ephakeme ne-ECI iye yamelana nokubala okugcwele kwezandla okuveza impumelelo nokuvikelwa, kodwa lengxoxo ayikaphenduli.

Ukunganaki Nokuya Emuva

U Urban novoti bentsha bavame ukuphelelwa amandla ngemva kokuhlanganyela emaphandleni. Imikhankaso ye-ECIEP ihlasela izikole, amakholiji, amahhovisi enkampani, nezinhlangano zezindawo zokuhlala. Nokho, izindaba ezifana nezithembiso zamanga, ukuntuleka kwemikhankaso esekelwe engxabanweni, nokunganciphisi. Ikhomishane iye yasungula izinyathelo ezifana "Nendawo Ekhaya" yezakhamuzi ezikhulile nabantu abakhubazekileyo, kodwa yonke iyaqhubeka iyimisebenzi eqhubekayo.

Izinguquko Ezinkulu Nokutuswa

Impikiswano Ngezibopho Eziyigugu

Ngo-2018, uhulumeni wasungula izibopho zokuvota njengethuluzi leminikelo yezombangazwe engaziwayo. I-ECI yazwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngokuthi izibopho zingandisa ukungezwani kwezimali zomkhankaso. Icebo labekelwa inselele eNkantolo Ephakeme, eyathi ngo-2024 yayishaya phansi njengengavumelani nemithetho, iyibiza ngokuthi ukuphulwa kwelungelo lokwaziswa. I-ECI yayilokhu iphikisa ngokunikeza okucace kakhulu kanye nokuveza kwangempela.

Ukulwa Nezimali Nezimali Zomkhankaso

I-ECI iye yatusa ukulungisa iShedynal yeNkathi yeshumi yoMthetho-sisekelo ukuze iqinise amalungiselelo amelene nokukhishwa kwezifo. Kuye kwadinga futhi ukuxhasa kukahulumeni ukuvota noma ilungiselelo lesikhathi sobulungu ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthembela ezinikelweni zangasese. Okunye kwalokhu kutusa kuyaqhubeka kulindelwe nohulumeni.

Isikhathi Sokusekela Imali Kahulumeni Nesokukhulula Ngezindaba

IKhomishane yoMthetho namakomiti ahlukahlukene ephalamende ayenanela isicelo sika-ECI sokuxhasa imali kahulumeni ngokwengxenye. Ikhomishane yatusa futhi ukuthi i-Gooundarshan ne-All India Radio inikeza amaqembu ezombangazwe amathuba esikhathi esikhululekile okulwa, asewasebenziselwe kakade amaqembu esizwe namaqembu esizwe aqashelwayo kodwa adinga ukwanda kwamaqembu amancane.

Ukuvota kanye nokusakaza okukude

Ukusingatha izidingo zabantu abafuduka ngaphakathi [1] Izigidi zabantu abangakwazi ukuvota emakhaya abo ngenxa yokuthuthwa futhi." i-ECI iye yasungula isibonelo sokuvota ekude esebenzisa u-"multi-confictive EVM oqhele kakhulu" amashadi ahlelwa, nakuba kusale ukukhathazeka ngokuqinisekiswa nokulondeka komvoti.

Umbono Oqhathaniswa Nokuqashelwa Kwembulunga Yonke

I-ECI ivame ukuvezwa njengesibonelo sedemokrasi emazweni asathuthuka. Ngokungafani ne-Federal Ecompution Commission (FEC), eyinhlangano ye-bipartisan evame ukukhubazeka ngenxa yokufa kwezombangazwe, i-ECI ijabulela ukukhululeka okukhulu komthetho-sisekelo. Ngo- 2015, i-ECI yathola i-"Democracy Award" evela e-International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) ngenxa yokusungulwa kwayo ngokusebenzisa i-ICT yemfundo yovoti yeze-voti. Ikhomishane futhi ihlanganyela ngentshiseko ekuhloleni izinhlangano zezizwe zonke, ihlanganyela ubungcweti bayo ekuqondiseni ukhetho ngesilinganiso esikhulu.

Isiphetho

I-ECI ivumelane ngokuguquguquka emashumini ayisikhombisa eminyaka i-Ecomtion Commission of India ibe yinhlangano efuna ukuhlonishwa ngenxa yokungakhethi kwayo nokusebenza kwayo. Kusukela ekuvoteni ngencwadi ka-1955 kuya ekuhlanganisweni kwesizwe kwe-EVMs kanye neVVPATs, i-ECI iye yakwazi njalo ukumelana nezinselele lapho igcina igunya lentando yeningi. Kodwa, ukuvela kwezinsongoso eziwujuqu ("eziwukujula) ukuhlasela kwezehlakaniphiso lweze-ibhuneti, nokugadla kwemishini yokulawula i-injini. Impumelelo yesikhathi esizayo iyoxhomeka emakhonweni ayokulinganiseleni aphakathi kokubonakala, ukuphumelela, nokuzimela phakathi kwezombangazwe ezishintshashintshayo zezombangazwe. Njengokunakekela ukuthembeka kwe-indiya, ukukhosha okubalulekile kakhulu kokugcinwa kwenhlangano yonke izakhamuzi.

Ukufunda ngokwengeziwe: IKhomishane yokukhetha yewebhusayithi esemthethweni yaseNdiya; I-Constitution of India – Isiphakamiso 324; Ukucwaninga kweze-PRS]PGRANTIS [Amandla neziciphene ze-ECI]