Table of Contents

Indima yoMongameli ongumsizi ekuhloleni umkhathi iye yashintsha kakhulu kusukela ekubonakaleni kwemikhosi kuya ezikhundleni zobuholi ezilawulayo ezilawula isimiso somkhathi nesiqondiso seNASA. Ukuqonda le nkolelo-mbono kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngendlela i-United States eyakha futhi yaveza ngayo umbono wayo wokuhlola indawo yonke, kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zomjaho womkhathi kuze kube semqoka yanamuhla ezimisele ukuvelela izakhiwo zenyanga ne-Mars.

Umsuka Wokuba Umongameli Ongumongameli Wendawo Yonke

I-National Aeronautics and Space Council yamiswa yi-National Aeronautics and Space Act ka-1958, eyayibekwa kuqala nguMongameli Dwight Eisenhower. Nokho, lesi sakhiwo sakuqala ngokushesha sizoshintsha kakhulu okuzochaza indima yomongameli womkhathi emashumini eminyaka ezayo.

Ngaphambi kokuba athathe isikhundla njengomongameli, uJohn F.Kennedy wanxusa uKhongolo ukuba ashintshe i-Act ukuze avumele ukuba abeke isibonelo sokuphathisa usihlalo walomkhandlu kusekela lomongameli wakhe, uLyndon B. Johnson. Lesi sinqumo sabonakala singaphezu kakhulu kwesenzo esingokomfanekiso − sakha uhlelo olwaluzobuye lubuye luqalwe abaqondisi besikhathi esizayo abafuna ukuphakamisa ukubaluleka kokuhlola umkhathi phakathi kwegatsha eliphethe.

ULyndon Johnson: Umsekeli Wokuqala Womthetho Wendawo Oyinhloko

UMongameli Lyndon Johnson wayezinikele emizamweni yasemkhathini, futhi njengomholi weSigele noMongameli ongumKhosi, wayenikele kakhulu ekumiseni isisekelo sesimiso somkhathi, njengoba empeleni ayephethe isimiso somkhathi ngesikhathi sikaMongameli oyisekela. Ukuhileleka kukaJohnson kwadlulela ngalé kokuqondisa; wayengummeleli oshisekayo owayeqonda imiphumela yezezombangazwe zomhlaba wokuhlola umkhathi phakathi nenkathi yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi.

Kennedy wabeka uJohnson, isekela likamongameli wakhe, ephethe uhlelo lomkhathi wezwe, futhi lapho uJohnson eba umphathi-nhloko ngemva kokubulawa kukaKennedy, waqhubeka esekela imigomo yohlelo lwe-Apollo. Lokhu kuqhubeka kwabonisa indlela ukubopha kukaMongameli ongumKhosi okwakungaqinisekisa ngayo ukuqina ezikhathini zesikhathi eside ngisho naphakathi kwezinkathi zoshintsho lwezombangazwe.

U-Johnson u-Evice Presidenti kunye noMongameli wamuva wabonisa ukubaluleka kokusekela okunzima kokuphatha izinhlelo ze-oceal eziphambili. Ukuhileleka kwakhe ngokujulile esimisweni se-Apollo kwasiza ekugcineni amandla phakathi neminyaka eyinselele yawo-1960, ngisho nanjengoba izinto eziza kuqala ezincintisanayo njenge Vietnam War nezinhlelo zeNhlangano enkulu zemali zikahulumeni ezazintengantenga.

UMkhandlu Wezwe Osemkhathini: Izikhathi Zomsebenzi Nokuhlala Uqinile

I-National Aeronautics and Space Council yabhekana nezikhathi eziningana zokukhona nokuwohloka kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika. Lomkhandlu wamiswa ngo- 1973 phakathi nobumongameli bukaRichard M.Nixon, uveza ushintsho endleleni isimiso sokuhamba emkhathini esasingalawulwa ngayo ezingeni eliphethe.

Ngo- 1989, uMongameli uGeorge H. W. Bush wamisa kabusha uhlelo lwe-National Space Council oluhlukile ngomyalo wesikhulu, olwamiswa ngo-1993 nguMongameli uBill Clinton. Phakathi nokuphatha kwe-Bush, umkhandlu wabekwa esihlalweni nguMongameli ongumKhosi uDan Quayle, ephawula ukubuyela kobuPresidenti bobuPresidenti bomkhathi ngemva kwegebe leminyaka eyishumi nesithupha.

Umkhandlu weQuayle wabonisa ukuthi oMongameli bamaPresicier bangathonya kakhulu ekuqondiseni kwe-NASA. Umongameli ongummeli omkhulu we-Quayle nomqondisi omkhulu we-count commission wacela usizo lwesikhulu sendlu yabasebenzi esimhlophe ekunxuseni uMongameli u-Bush ukuba asuse uMphathi we-NASA Richard Qiery ngoba babenomuzwa wokuthi ngempela babengaphazamisa icebo elisha lokulungisa nokulandela futhi bafake i-traneval izici eziningi zesimiso somkhathi. Lesi senzakalo sabonisa kokubili amandla nempikiswano ehlobene nomphathi we-Presidenti weminicioce yemisebenzi yasemkhathini.

Inkathi Yanamuhla: Abaholi Bezimiso Zezindikimba Abangabaholi Bezindikimba Zomhlaba

Ngemva kokuthatha ingxenye yesine yesilinganiso sobugqila, uMkhandlu Wesizwe Wesikhala wavuselelwa ngo - 2017, okwaletha inkathi entsha yokuhileleka kukaMongameli ongumsekeli ophethe ekuhloleni umkhathi okusaqhubeka nanamuhla.

Umongameli Ongumongameli UMike Pence NoMnyango WeTrump

NgoJune 30, 2017, uMongameli uDonald Trump wasayina umyalo wokuba iSiphepho Sezwe uphinde umiswe iSishaya-Mpande, esiphethwe nguMongameli onguMongameli Mike Pence. Lokhu kuvuselelwa kwasho ukuqashelwa kokuthi isimiso somkhathi sasidinga ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni eziningi nezingaboshelwanga muntu.

INational Space Council isebenza njengehhovisi lentuthuko yezimiso futhi isingatha izindaba zomphakathi, ezentengiselwano, ezobuzwe, nezokusetshenziswa kwesimiso somkhathi emhlabeni wonke, ezakhiwa amalungu esigaba samakhabethe futhi ezisekelwa iQembu Lomsebenzisi, futhi ziphethwe umongameli waseUnited States.

Umongameli Pence waletha intshiseko yakhe siqu kulendima. Emazwini eLangley Research Center yeNASA, wahlanganyela ukuthi lapho uMongameli uTrump emcela ukuba ahlale esihlalweni somkhandlu, uPence akazange aveze ngokushesha isithakazelo sakhe sokuphila konke sokuhlola umkhathi, ekhumbula izingane ezikhumbula ukubukela inyanga ka-Apollo ihla kuyithelevishini.

Ngemva kokumiswa kabusha, lomkhandlu wahlangana okokuqala ngo-October 5, 2017, eSmithsonian National Air and Space Museum kaSteven F. Udvar-Hazy Center and Space Museum eChantilly, eVirginia. Eminyakeni eyalandela, umkhandlu wawuzohlangana njalo ukuze uxoxe ngezindaba ezibucayi zesimiso sasemkhathini.

Uhlelo Luka - Arthemisi Nokubuya KwamaShayina

Omunye wemiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu kamongameli uPence kwaba ukuqhubekela phambili kwesimiso sokubuya kwenyanga yeNASA. Ngo-December 11, 2017, uMongameli uTrump wasayinwa i-Space Policy Directive 1, ushintsho esimisweni sezwe sasemkhathini esinikeza i-U.S.-lead, uhlelo oluhlangene nezisebenzi ezikanye zomuntu ukuze zibuyele eMoon, lulandelwa ukuthunyelwa e-Mars nangaphandle.

Ngo - December 9, 2020, umhlangano wesishiyagalombili nowokugcina we - White House Space Council ngaphansi kobuholi bukaMongameli ngaleso sikhathi uMike Pence waba seKennedy Space Center, futhi kwakhishwa izimemezelo ezinkulu kuhlanganise ne - National Space Policy entsha kanye negama le - NASA e - 18 e - Astronaut e - Arthemisi Tea.

Uhlelo luka-Arthemis, oluqanjwe ngonkulunkulukazi waseGrisi nodadewabo wewele ka-Apollo, lumelela icebo leNASA lokubuyisela abantu enyangeni futhi amise ukuba khona okungaguquguquki lapho. Umongameli ongumsekeli kaPence waloluhlelo wahlanganisa ukumisa izikhawu zobudlwangudlwangu kanye nokuvikela ukusekela kwezombangazwe phakathi kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni.

Phakathi nemihlangano ye-National Space Council, uPence wagcizelela ukubaluleka kobungane bomphakathi bomuntu siqu ekufinyeleleni lemigomo. Waqokomisa indlela izinkampani zezentengiselwano ezaziyofeza ngayo indima ebanzi ekuhloleni umkhathi, uhulumeni esebenza njengomngane nangamakhasimende kunokuba kube nguye yedwa osebenzisa imisebenzi yasemkhathini.

Umongameli waseKamara Harris noBuphathi Bezimbali

I-Biden iqhubekisela phambili umkhuba wobuPresidenti bobuPresidenti besimiso sasemkhathini. I-National Space Council inguMkhandlu weNdlu ye-White unomthwalo wokuqinisekisa i-United States ukuba ithole amathuba acebile anikezwa imisebenzi yasemkhathini yesizwe sethu, futhi ngaphansi kobuholi besihlalo sayo, uMongameli Kamara Harris, i-NSPC, iluleka futhi isiza uMongameli ekuthuthukiseni nasekusebenzeni kwesimiso somkhathi kanye nohlelo.

Iphethwe uMongameli Kamara Harris, indima yomkhandlu ukululeka uMongameli mayelana nesimiso somkhathi wezwe, nokuqinisekisa i-United States isebenzisa amathuba anikezwa imisebenzi yasemkhathini yalelizwe.

Umongameli oyisekela uHarris uchazwa u-NaSA uBill Nelson Nelson "emapulazini aficionado" futhi uye wabonisa isibopho sokuthuthukisa ukuhola umkhathi wase-U.S. indlela yakhe yokusebenza iye yagcizelela ukubambisana kwezizwe zonke, isayensi yesimo sezulu, nokuqinisekisa ukuhlukahluka kwabasebenza emkhathini.

Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, iNational Space Council iye yaba nemihlangano eminingi esingatha izici ezihlukahlukene zenqubo yomkhathi. NgoLwesithathu, ngoDecember 20, uMongameli Kamara Harris wabeka isihlalo somhlangano weSiphepho se-National Space Council sase-U.S., isithathu soMkhandlu ukuba ube khona phakathi noButho loMkhandlu weBiden-Harris, ugxile ekuxhumaneni kwezizwe zonke.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Nemisebenzi Eyinhloko Yomongameli Banamuhla Enqubweni Yomkhathi

Ukuhlala Emkhandlwini Wezwe Wendawo Ekude

Indima eyinhloko yesekela likaMongameli emkhakheni womkhathi ukuphatha iNational Space Council. Lesi sikhundla sihilela ukuhlanganisa izikhulu ze-akhabethe, umholi we-NASA, abaqondisi be-secle, nabameleli bezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano zomkhathi ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yasemkhathini yaseMelika kuzo zonke izingxenye.

Indima ye-National Space Council ukululeka umongameli ngenkambiso necebo lomkhathi waseMelika, nokubukeza imigomo emide yezwe yemisebenzi yasemkhathini, futhi umkhandlu uhlanganisa abaholi kuhulumeni abavela kokubili ezimisweni zomphakathi nezempi zasemkhathini.

Le mihlangano isebenza njengezindawo zokumemezela izinyathelo ezinkulu zokuhlela, ukubukeza intuthuko ezimisweni ezikhona, nokusingatha izinselele ezivelayo ekuhloleni umkhathi nasekusebenziseni. Umholi woMholi we-Vice Presidenti uqinisekisa ukuthi isimiso somkhathi sithola ukunakekela emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu kahulumeni.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukubambisana Komhlaba Wonke

Amasekela angomongameli banamuhla aye agcizelela ukubaluleka kobungane bomhlaba wonke ekuhloleni umkhathi. Ngokuvumelana noMnyango woMbuso wase-U.S., i-NASA iye yamukela izimemezelo ezingu-33 ku-Athemisi Applications kusukela yamiswa ngonyaka ka-202020, eyishumi ngonyaka odlule kuphela, futhi i-Artemis Applications imisa izimiso ezisebenzayo zokuqondisa ukubambisana kokuhlola umkhathi phakathi kwamazwe, kuhlanganise nalabo abahlanganyela ku-Arthemisi we-NASA.

La mazwe asebenzelanayo emhlabeni wonke adlulela ngalé kwezivumelwano zezivumelwano zokuhlanganisa iminikelo eqinisekile yokuthunywa kwezindawo ezikude. amazwe anjengeCanada, iJapane, namalungu e - European Space Agency anikeza imishini ebucayi nobuchwepheshe bokuhlola inyanga, ebonisa indlela ukuhola kukamongameli ongumsekeli okungasiza ngayo ekusebenzeni kwembulunga yonke emkhathini.

Ukusekela Imali YeNASA Nemithombo

Amasekela amaMongameli afeza indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni uhlelo lwemali lwe NASA phakathi komphathi nomphakathi. Ukusekela kwawo okukhulu kungasiza ekusekeleni izimali zezinhlelo ezifuna ukuvelela ezidinga ukugcinwa kwemali iminyaka eminingi.

Phakathi nokuphathwa kweTrump, izingxoxo emihlanganweni ye-National Space Council zahlanganisa iziphakamiso zemali yeNASA. Ukugunyaza kukaMongameli oyisekelayo kulolu hlelo lwasiza ekuxhumaneni nezindawo eziza kuqala ze-odar futhi kwakha ukusekela ukuxhaswa kwemali yokuhlola umkhathi.

Ukuhlanganyela Nezikhungo Ze - NASA Nezisebenzi

Omongameli abaphethe i-NASA bavakashela izakhiwo njalo kulo lonke izwe, bahlangane nososayensi, onjiniyela, abahamba ngezinkanyezi, kanye nezisebenzi zokusekela. Lokhu kuhambela kufeza izinjongo eziningi: bathuthukisa isimilo, basekela umsebenzi we-NASA ngesilinganiso esiphakeme, futhi bavumela ama-pace Presidenti ukuba athole ulwazi olucacile ngentuthuko yezinhlelo.

Umongameli ophethe uPence wavakashela izikhungo eziningi zeNASA, kuhlanganise neKennedy Space Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, neJohnson Space Center. Lokhu kuhambela ngokuvamile kwaqondana nezenzakalo ezinkulu, njengokukhipha kwemikhumbi - mkhathi noma ukumemezela izindlela ezintsha zokuthatha isinyathelo.

Ngokufanayo, uVice President Harris uye wavakashela izakhiwo zeNASA, kuhlanganise ne - Goddard Space Flight Center, lapho ahlola khona imifanekiso yeziphuphutheki futhi wafunda ngemikhankaso yoMhlaba yesayensi ehlola ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu nezimo zendawo ezungezile.

Ukubeka Imigomo Nezikhathi Ezizuzisayo

Omongameli abaphethe i-Precion baye basebenzisa indawo yabo yesikhulumi ukumemezela izinjongo eziqinile ezishukumisa i-NASA kanye nomphakathi we-seace. Le mizuzu ebekelwe umgomo ingaba nethonya elikhulu ekuhlelweni kwezinhlelo nasekubizweni kwezimpahla.

Emhlanganweni wesihlanu we - National Space Council ngo - March 2019, uMongameli uPence wamemezela isikhathi esisheshayo sokubuyela emkhathini, inselele enzima e - NASA ukuba ifinyelele lo mgomo ngo - 2024.

Ukuthuthuka Kwezentengiselwano Ezindaweni Zomkhathi

Umnotho wanamuhla wasemkhathini uhilela izinkampani ezizimele, futhi omongameli bamafakela baye bafeza indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yezentengiselwano zasemkhathini.

ISishaya-Mpande se-National Space Council ngaphansi kwakho kokubili umongameli uPence noHarris iye yahlanganisa abameleli bezinkampani ezinkulu zezindiza kanye nokuqala kwezindawo. Lokhu kuthembisa kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isimiso sikahulumeni sasemkhathini sisekela kunokuvimbela ukusungulwa kwezentengiselwano.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithetho Eyinhloko Kulolongwa Umholi Ophethe Umongameli

Iziyalezo Zesimiso Sendawo

Phakathi nokuqondisa kweTrump, iNational Space Council yasungula amaPpace Policy Directives ahlukahlukene aklama ngokuyinhloko imisebenzi yasemkhathini yase-U.S. Leziqondiso zakhuluma ngokuhlola umkhathi komuntu, ukuqondisa umkhathi, ukuqondisa umkhathi nezinye izindaba ezibucayi.

I-Plegal Policy Directive-1 i-NASA igxilise kabusha ekuhloleni komuntu ngalé kokuzungeza uMhlaba okuphansi, igcizelela ukubuya kwenyanga njengetshe elinyathelayo kuyi-Mars. i-Space Policy Directive-3 yamisa uhlelo lokuqala olubanzi ekuqondiseni umgwaqo emkhathini, isingatha inselele ekhulayo yemfucumfucu ejikelezayo kanye nokusebenza kwemikhumbi.

Lezi ziqondiso zabonisa indlela umongameli weNational Space Council owayengaveza ngayo imiphumela eqinisekile eqondisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni futhi ibeke amathemba esigabeni somuntu siqu.

U - Arthemisi Uyavumelana

I-Artemis Applications imelela ukuphumelela kwenqubo yombuso emkhathini, ukumisa izimiso zokuhlola umkhathi ngokuthula nangokubambisana.

Lezi zibopho zomhlaba wonke zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukuhlola inyanga kuyaqhubeka ngendlela ehlelekile okuzuzisa izizwe eziningi kuyilapho kugcinwa ubuholi baseMelika.

Ukulungisa Isimiso Sendawo Yebhizinisi

Phakathi nomhlangano weSikhamu seNational Space Council, uVice Presidential Harris wamemezela ukukhululwa kwe "Novel Space Activities Imprividuments neSuperFramework," ehloselwe ukumisa izenzo iGafa Eliphethe iButho liyosebenza ukuze lisebenzise, okuyoba ukubambisana ezikhulwini zemithetho ezibanzi ezinikezwe umthetho.

Lesi sisekelo sisingatha inselele yokuqondisa izinhlobo ezintsha zemisebenzi ye-oceal ethengisayo engazihlanganisi kahle nezimiso ezikhona. Njengoba izinkampani ezizimele ziphishekela izinhlelo ezintsha ezinjengokwakha umkhathi, ukuvakasha okujikelezayo, nokumba amaplanethi amancane, izisekelo ezicacile zokuzihlela ziba yimfuneko.

Umthetho Wokusetshenziswa Kwemithombo Yezinto Emkhathini

I-Trump yakhipha umyalo wezikhulu ezisebenzisa imithombo yasemkhathini, imisa isimiso se-U.S. ngokuphathelene nokululama nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yezentengiselwano emkhathini ongaphandle. Lenkambiso isekela imizamo yezentengiselwano yokukhipha nokusebenzisa imithombo yenyanga, ama-asteroid nezinye izindikimba zasezulwini, zinikeza ukucaca okungokomthetho ezinkampanini ezifaka imali kulezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe.

Umongameli oyisekelayo walesimiso wasiza ekunqobeni ukumelana nemibuso ebusayo nezinkathazo zezizwe zonke, wamisa uhlelo olulinganisela izithakazelo zezentengiselwano nezibopho zomhlaba wonke ngaphansi kwe - Outer Space Treaty.

Ithonya Lesivumelwano Sobumongameli Esiwusekelayo Ezimisweni Ze - NASA

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesimiso Okusheshayo

Ukunaka komongameli ophezulu kungasheshisa ukuthuthuka kohlelo ngokunqamula ngezithiyo zezikhulu ze-bureaucracy nangokuqinisekisa imithombo eyanele. Uma uMongameli ongumsekeli ngokwakhe elwela uhlelo, kunikeza izimpawu kuzo zonke izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuthi isinyathelo siwumsebenzi obalulekile ofanelwe ukusekelwa.

Isimiso sika - Arthemisi sazuza kulobu buciko obunamandla, njengoba kwavela izinselele zezobuchwepheshe ezazisiza uMongameli uPence ukuba asekele izimali, axhumane futhi alondoloze ukuqina kwezombangazwe.

Ukuqapha Umphakathi Nokusekela

Umongameli ophethe ekuhloleni umkhathi wenza kube nesithakazelo emphakathini, i - NASA iyodwa engase ilwele ukufinyelela.

Lokhu kuthembisana komphakathi kufeza izinjongo eziningi: kwakha ukusekela kokutshala imali okuqhubekayo ekuhloleni umkhathi, kushukumisela intsha ukuba iphishekele imisebenzi yesayensi nobunjiniyela, futhi kuqinise ukubonakala kweMelika njengesizwe esihamba emoyeni.

Ukubambisana Okuvimbelayo

Imisebenzi yasemkhathini ihlanganisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni eziningi ngalé kwe-NASA, kuhlanganise noMnyango wezokuvikela, uMnyango wezentengiselwano, uMnyango woMbuso, nezinhlangano zobuhlakani. Isikhundla sikaMongameli Sivumela ukuba kuhlangane lezizinhlangano ezisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

I - National Space Council ihlanganisa abaholi abavela kuzo zonke lezi zikhungo, iqinisekisa ukuthi izici zesimiso somkhathi, ezentengiselwano, ezobuzwe, nezokuxhumana ziyavumelana. Lokhu kubambisana kubalulekile ekuxazululeni izinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinjengokuphathwa kwezindiza, okudinga ukubambisana phakathi kwabaphathi bezindawo ezisemkhathini namasosha.

Ukusekela Intuthuko Yezisebenzi

Omongameli abaphethe baye basebenzisa indawo yabo ephakeme ukuze bagcizelele ukubaluleka kokuthuthukisa isizukulwane esilandelayo sochwepheshe bezemkhathi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusekela amasu okufundisa ase-STEM, ukukhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwemisebenzi yezemisebenzi ezindaweni ezikude, nokuqokomisa amathuba emisebenzi ezindawo zomkhathi.

Ngokuvakashela amayunivesithi, ukukhuluma ezinqubweni zezezindiza nokuhlangana nabafundi, abaholi bomongameli basiza intsha ukuba iphishekele imisebenzi eyosekela ukuhola kweMelika emkhathini emashumini eminyaka azayo.

Izinselele Nezimpikiswano Enduneni Yomongameli Wendawo Engaphezulu

Ukulinganisa Ukufuna Imali Nokuthola Izinto Ezingokoqobo

Ngokwesibonelo, isaziso sokuthi kunezinombolo ezinamandla zokubuya kwenyanga, sabangela ukungezwani phakathi kwezinjongo zezombangazwe nezinto ezingokoqobo zobunjiniyela.

Onjiniyela beNASA nomphathi kumelwe balinganisele iziqondiso zomongameli ophethe kanye nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe, ukulinganiselwa kwemali, nezimfuneko zokuphepha. Lokhu okunamandla kungadala ukucindezela okukhiqizayo kokusungula kodwa futhi kungaholela ekulindeleni okungakholeki uma kungalawulwa ngokucophelela.

Ukulondoloza Ukulondoloza Unya Ngaphesheya Kwezikhungo Zokuphatha

Izinhlelo zemkhathi zidinga amashumi eminyaka ukuqedelwa, ukuhlanganisa iziphathi-madenda. Nakuba umongameli ongumholi we-pice esekela ukuqhubekeka kwezinhlelo ezinkulu ezinjengo-Arthemis, izinguquko ekuqondiseni zingashintsha futhi zigcizelele izinto eziza kuqala.

Ukusuka eTrump ukuya e-Biden kwabonisa ukuqhubekeka okunamandla kwenqubo yomkhathi, ngokusekela kokubili abaphathi abasekela ukuhlola inyanga nohlelo luka-Arthemisi. Nokho, kwavela ukungaboni ngaso linye ezindaweni ezinjengesayensi yesimo sezulu nokubambisana kwezizwe zonke, okubonisa izinto eziza kuqala kubaphathi ngabanye.

Ukusingatha Izinto Eziza Kuqala

Nakuba abanye abaholi abanjengoPence noHarris beye babonisa isithakazelo esiqinile ekuhloleni umkhathi, bayakwazi nokusingatha isimiso sasekhaya, izindaba zakwamanye amazwe nezinye izindaba ezibucayi.

Inselele iqinisekisa ukuthi isimiso somkhathi sithola ukunakwa okwanele ngaphandle kokushaya indiva ezinye izindawo ezibalulekile. Isakhiwo esingokomthetho soMkhandlu we-National Space sisiza ngokudala imihlangano yasikhathi sonke nezinqubo ezigcina isimiso somkhathi esisekelwe kuhlelo lukaMongameli ongumsizi.

Ikusasa Lobumongameli Obuyisekela Ekuhloleni Isibhakabhaka

Izinselele Eziyandayo Zokusetshenziswa Kwesimiso Somkhathi

Amasekela amaSekela esikhathi esizayo ayobhekana nezinselele ezintsha njengoba imisebenzi yasemkhathini iyanda futhi ishintshashintsha. lezi zihlanganisa ukulawula ukuminyana ozungezeni lomhlaba, ukuqondisa imisebenzi yezentengiselwano eqanjiwe njengezokuvakasha emkhathini nokukhiqiza, ukusingatha imfucumfucu yasemkhathini, nokuncintisana kwezizwe zonke emkhathini.

Ukuhileleka okwandayo kwamazwe anjengeChina neNdiya ekuhloleni umkhathi, kanye nokuvela kwezizwe ezintsha ezihamba emkhathini, kuyodinga ukuthembisana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezokuxhumana.

Isayensi Yesimo Sezulu Nokubona Umhlaba

Imisebenzi ye-Earth Earth ye-NASA inikeza ukwaziswa okubalulekile ekuqondeni ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu nezimo zendawo ezungezile. Abasekeli bamasekela bagcizelela kakhulu ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe bomkhathi, beqaphela ukuthi iziphuphutheki zifeza indima ebalulekile ekuhloleni impilo yeplanethi yethu.

Ubuholi Obuphethe Umongameli wesikhathi esizayo cishe buyoqhubeka busekela ukuhlanganiswa komhlaba osekelwe emkhathini nesimiso sezulu, ukusabela kwenhlekelele nemizamo yokuvikela indawo ezungezile.

Ukuhlola Umkhathi Ojulile

Njengoba i - NASA iphishekela imigomo eyandayo — kusukela ezisekelweni zenyanga eziqinile kuya ezithunyweni zabantu eziya kuyi - Mars", ukusekela kukaMongameli kuyoba okubalulekile ekulondolozeni isibopho eside esidingekayo kulemizamo. Imishini ye - Mars, ikakhulukazi, iyofuna ukugcinwa kwemali egciniwe emashumini amaningi eminyaka futhi ixhumane phakathi nezinhlangano eziningi.

Omongameli abaphethe kuyodingeka bachaze imibono eshukumisayo yokuthi kungani lemisebenzi ibalulekile, bakha ukusekela umphakathi nokuhlangana kwengcebo enkulu edingekayo.

Ukulondeka Kwendawo Nesivikelo

Ukumiswa kweButho le-Space lase-U.S. nokuqashelwa okukhulayo kwendawo njengendawo yempi engase iqhutshwe idala izilinganiso ezintsha zesivumelwano sobuPresidenti. I-paccount Space Council ihlanganisa imisebenzi yesizwe yokhuseleko lwasemkhathini, ifuna ukuba omongameli abaphethe i-face baxhumane phakathi kwezinhlelo zesemkhathini nesempi.

Omongameli besikhathi esizayo kuyodingeka balinganisele ukuhlola indawo ngokuthula nezinkathazo zokulondeka ezifanelekile, beqinisekisa ukuthi iMelika ingavikela izinto zayo ezisemkhathini kuyilapho ikhuthaza ukubambisana kwezizwe zonke.

Ukuhweba Ngomkhathi

Ingxenye yezentengiselwano yasemkhathini ibhekene nokwanda okusheshayo, izinkampani ezizimele eziphishekela izinhlelo ezaziyindawo ekhethekile yohulumeni.

Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphendula imibuzo ephathelene namalungelo empahla emkhathini, ukubekeka kwemisebenzi yasemkhathini, nokuhlukaniswa okufanele kwemithwalo yemfanelo phakathi kukahulumeni nomkhakha ozimele wokuhlola umkhathi.

Izifundo Ezitholakala Ekoleni Eliphethe Umongameli Wendawo Engaphezulu

Ukubaluleka Kokuba Iqembu Eliphakeme

Umlando wokuhileleka kukaMongameli wasemkhathini kuveza ukuthi izindaba zezombangazwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Izinhlelo ezithola ukunaka komongameli ongumongameli zithambekele ekutholeni ukusekela ngokwezimali okungcono, ukufinyelela ukubambisana okukhulu, futhi zilondoloze amandla ngenguquko yezombangazwe.

Lokhu kuzuza kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zesikhathi eside ezidinga ukuzibophezela okuqinile ngalé kwenkathi eyodwa yobumongameli. Isekela loMncintiswano womongameli lisiza ekuvikeleni izinhlelo ezisemingcindezweni yezombangazwe esheshayo.

Ukubaluleka Kokuzibophezela

Omongameli abasekela abantu ababonisa isithakazelo esiqotho ekuhloleni umkhathi − njengoJohnson, Pence, noHarris/hendene ukuba babe abameleli abaphumelela kakhulu. Intshiseko yabo ithathelwana, ishukumisa izisebenzi zeNASA, ihlanganisa umphakathi, futhi ikholisa amathandabuzo ngenani lokuhlola umkhathi.

Ukuthembisana komuntu siqu kwakha futhi ubuhlobo nabasekeli abayinhloko, kusukela ekuholeni kweNASA kuya kubaphathi bezentengiselwano kuya kubantu abasebenza ndawonye emhlabeni wonke.

Isidingo Sokusekelwa Yi - bipartisan

Ukuhlola imkhathi kuye kwajabulela ukusekelwa i - bipartisan, futhi amasekela omongameli abavela kuwo womabili lamaqembu aye asekela izinyathelo zeNASA. lelisiko le - bipartisa lisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuqhubekeka kwezinhlelo zomkhathi futhi lakha imifelandawonye emikhulu yezombangazwe edingekayo ukuze kugcinwe imali isetshenziswa.

Omongameli besikhathi esizayo kufanele baqhubeke behlakulela ukusekela kwe - bipartisan ekuhloleni umkhathi, begcizelela izindinganiso ezifanayo njengokuthola izinto zesayensi, ukusungula izinto zobuchwepheshe, nokuvelela kwesizwe okudlula ukwehlukana okuhlukanisayo.

Ukubaluleka Okubanzi Kobuholi Bendawo Obuphethe Umongameli

Uphawu Nesizwe Esiyiso

Uma uMongameli ongumsizi we - Secrent ethatha isinyathelo sokuhlola umkhathi unesilinganiso esingaphezu kwesimiso esingokoqobo.

Lezinto ezifanekisela ukulondoloza ukusekela komphakathi nezizukulwane ezizayo. Ukuhlola imkhathi kumelela izifiso ezinkulu zobuntu zesifiso sokufuna ukwazi, ukuhlakanipha nokuzimisela ukuphoqelela ngalé kwemingcele eyaziwayo. Umongameli ongumsekeli usiza ekugcineni le migomo iphila ezweni.

Abaholi Nabakhohlisi Emhlabeni Wonke

Isimiso sasemkhathini saseMelika sekuyisikhathi eside siwumthombo wesikhundla esiphezulu nobuncinci emhlabeni. Umongameli ophethe umthetho wezimpawu zomkhathi emhlabeni ukuthi i-United States isazimisele ukuhlola umkhathi nokuhola kwezobuchwepheshe.

Abaholi abasekela umongameli basiza ekubekeni iMelika njengelungu elingokwemvelo lokubambisana emkhathini emhlabeni wonke kuyilapho belondoloza isiphetho sokuncintisana esidingekayo ukuze kuqhubeke kuholwa.

Izinzuzo Zezomnotho Nezobuchwepheshe

Ukuhlola imkhathi kubangela intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ngemishini engaphezulu kakhulu komkhathi ngokwawo. Imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe esungulwe ukuthungatha umkhathi iye yaholela entuthukweni yezokwelapha, yezokuxhumana, yesayensi, neminye imikhakha eminingi.

Usekela oyisekela kaMongameli wokuhlola umkhathi usiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kuqhubeke kusetshenziswa imali kulokhu kusungulwa kwezinjini. Ngokusekela imisebenzi ye-NASA nezohwebo, uMongameli usekela isayensi yezinto eziphilayo ebangela ukukhula kwezomnotho, imisebenzi ephambili, kanye nentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe.

Isiphetho: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Njalo Komholi Wendawo Ongumongameli

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwendima kaMongameli ophethe ekuhloleni umkhathi − kusukela ekuholeni kukaLyndon Johnson kobuphayona ngawo-1960 ku-National Space Council yanamuhla ngaphansi komongameli ophethe uPence noHarris() kuveza ukubaluleka okuhlala njalo kokuzibopha kwezombangazwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu kwesimiso somkhathi.

Omongameli abaphethe baletha amakhono ayingqayizivele ekuholeni emkhathini: igunya lezombangazwe lokusebenzelana ezikhungweni zikahulumeni, ukubonakala ukuze kuhlangane nomphakathi futhi kwakhe ukusekela, ukuma kwezinhlangano zezizwe zonke ukuze kusungulwe ubuhlobo obuseduze, nokunakekela okuqhubekayo okudingekayo ezimisweni zezikhathi ezinde.

Njengoba isintu sisemnyango wenkathi entsha yokuhlola umkhathi − ihlela ukuthatha izifunda zenyanga, ukuthunywa kwe - Mars, kanye nomnotho wezentengiselwano okhulayo kwezentengiselwano − ukuhola kukaMongameli weVice kuyoba okubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. izinselele ezingaphambili zidinga isibopho esiqhubekayo, ukubambisana kwezizwe zonke, nekhono lokukhuthaza ukusekela umphakathi imigomo efuna ukuvelela.

Ukuhileleka kukaMongameli ongumcimbi ekuhloleni umkhathi kumelela okungaphezu kokuqondisa noma ukufanekisela kwezombangazwe. Kuhlanganisa ukuzimisela kweMelika ukusunduza imingcele yolwazi nokuhlakanipha komuntu, ukulondoloza ukuhola kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, nokushukumisa izizukulwane zesikhathi esizayo ukuba zifinyelele izinkanyezi.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basekela i-National Space Council, bavakashela izikhungo zeNASA, bamemezela izinhlelo ezintsha, noma bamelela uhlelo lwendawo yeMelika esendaweni emhlabeni, abaPhathiswa bafeza indima engenakuthathelwa indawo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukuhlola umkhathi kusalokhu kuyinto ephambili ezweni lonke. Umholi wabo usiza ekuguquleleni ijubane lomuntu elingaphelelwa isikhathi lokuhlola izinhlelo eziqinile, izimiso, kanye nokufinyelela okunwebela ukuba khona kwethu emkhathini.

Kulabo abanesithakazelo ekufundeni okwengeziwe ngezinhlelo zamanje zeNASA, vakashela iwebhusayithi ye-NASA e-NASA. Ukuhlola umlando wenkambiso yomkhathi waseMelika, i-[FLT]] Planetary Society[[ inikeza imithombo ebanzi nokuhlaziya. Space.com inikeza ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kwezindaba zokuhlola umkhathi nemisebenzi.

Njengoba sibheka esikhathini esizayo, ubuhlobo phakathi kwehhovisi likaMongameli elinguMongameli neNASA buzoqhubeka bulungisa uhambo lwaseMelika emkhathini, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-United States isesengcupheni yesenzakalo esikhulu kakhulu esintwini.