Inkinga Yokumelelwa Nesithembiso Sokuhlanganyela Ekubuseni

Ukubusa kwedemokrasi kuwo wonke umhlaba kubhekene nendida. Lokhu kuhlukanisa phakathi kwezakhamuzi ezibuswayo nezibusayo kuhlanganisa kakhulu, futhi kunakho konke ukwaziswa okuningi kunanoma isiphi isizukulwane emlandweni. Nokho, kuthembela ezinhlanganweni ezihleliwe zikahulumeni //i-parliament, amaqembu ezombangazwe, nemibuso ye-bureaucraccacy. Kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuyisisekelo kwendlela izakhamuzi ezisebenzelana ngayo nombuso wentando yeningi. Lokhu kuhlukanisa phakathi kwabalawulwayo nababusayo kudala imfucucucu eyingozi. Kuleyo ndawo enyakazisa ukuthathelwa phambili kwe-populism, ukunganaki kwezekwezobuchwepheshe, noma ukunganaki kwezembuthakaze.

Ukuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi kunikeza indlela ewusizo nengokokuziphatha yokuphuma kulenkinga. Ihamba ngalé kwesenzo sokuvota ngezikhathi ezithile, ngokuhambisana nokuthembisana okuqhubekayo, okuhlelwe kahle phakathi komphakathi nezinhlangano zawo. Uma kuklanywe kahle, izindlela zokuhlukanisa abenzi nje ukuba izakhamuzi zizizwe; bathuthukisa izinga lezinqumo, bathuthukise ukulandisa, futhi bavuselele isakhiwo somphakathi esihlanganisa umphakathi. Kubaholi bomphakathi nabenzi bezimiso, ukwakha isizinda esiqinile sendawo ehlukile akuseyona inhloso ecatshangelwayo.

Izisusa Eziwusizo Zokuhlanganyela Nezakhamuzi

Impikiswano yokuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi ngokuvamile ibekwa ezimisweni zentando yeningi.

Ukufaneleka Kolwazi Nokuhlukahluka Kwama - thumbu

Inqubo yomphakathi ngokuyisisekelo ingeyokuxazulula izinkinga. Ukwenza izinqumo eziphezulu ezibekwe phansi ngokuvamile kuyahluleka ngoba akunakho ukuthola ulwazi olungenayo oluqinile, olusendaweni olubanjwe imiphakathi ezindaweni ezingaphambili. Izakhamuzi zinolwazi olunenzuzo oluthi izisebenzi zomphakathi ezingochwepheshe nezazi zezombangazwe zingalusebenzisi. Izinqubo zokuhlanganyela . . Zifana nomphakathi owenziwe ngamabhodi omphakathi noma amashabhu akhubazekayo − ukusungula umzila ohleliwe-mende ukuze lolulwazi lungenele enqubeni yokulawula. Umphumela uyinqubo evumelana kakhulu nezimo zezwe ezingokoqobo futhi cishe ingaveli imiphumela emibi engalindelekileki.

Ukulandisa Nokuphatha

Inkinga eyinhloko yezisebenzi iphazanyiswa izinhlangano ezinkulu, futhi uhulumeni akahlukile. Izikhulu eziqashelwe kanye nabaphathi-mthetho bangafuna izithakazelo ezisuka kubantu abalungile. Imisebenzi yokuqondisa kwezakhamuzi ngenkuthalo njengendlela yokuhlola lokhu kuthambekela. Uma izakhamuzi zikhona ngokusemthethweni futhi zikwazi ukubukeza izinhlelo zemali, imisebenzi yokuhlola, izindleko zenkohlakalo nokungagculisi, zikhuphuka ngokuphawulekayo. Ithuba nje lokuhlola umphakathi njengesithibezo esinamandla sokuvimbela ukulawulwa kwemithetho.

Ukufaneleka Nokubambisana

Imithetho nezimiso kuvame kakhulu ukuhlonishwa uma abantu abangaphansi kwazo benethuba eliqotho lokuhlela umklamo wabo. Lesi simiso sokwahlulela ngokusemthethweni sibhalwe kahle phakathi nokucwaninga kwezesayensi yezenhlalo. Isimiso esibekwe phezulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iziphi izimfanelo zobuchwepheshe, siyobhekana nokumelana, izinselele ezingokomthetho, kanye nokudlalwa kwalabo abathintekile. Ngokuphambene, umthetho owenziwe ngenqubo esobala nengaphelele ujabulela iqoqo lomthetho elisiza ukufinyelela ngokushelela nokuzithobisa okuphakeme.

Ukubambisana Kwezenhlalo Nokuzinza

Ithuba lokusebenza ndawonye ekuxazululeni inkinga efanayo lakha inhloko - dolobha yezenhlalo, izimiso, nezimiso zokuthembana okusiza ukuba kusebenze ndawonye. Emiphakathini ehlukene, iziqu zokwethulana zisebenza njengenkundla yokubhekana nomehluko, ukuxabana, nokuthola isisekelo esifanayo. Lokhu kuyindlela yomphakathi edinga ukubhekana nezinkinga. Izinhlangano ezikhungethe izakhiwo eziphezulu zilula kakhulu ezinhlekeleleni ezingokwemvelo, zizivumelanisa kalula kakhulu nokuphazamiseka kwezomnotho, futhi aziyona ingozi yokuwohloka kwezomnotho nokungalawuleki.

Umbukwane Wokwenza Isivumelwano: Ukwaziswa Kuya Ekwakheni Amandla

Akuyona yonke ingxenye edalwe ngokulinganayo. Ukuze kwakhiwe icebo eliphumelelayo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuthembisana zifeza izinjongo ezihlukene futhi ziphethe amazinga ahlukene ombuso wezakhamuzi. Uhulumeni omane wazise izakhamuzi noma ofuna ukunikeza incazelo yawo ufeza isibonelo esihlukile sokubusa kunaleso izihambeli eziphethe izimemezelo ezisenza izinqumo emphakathini.

Ukubhala, Ukuhlola Nokulalela

Kusukela esisekelweni, uhulumeni unesibopho sokuveza ngokukhululekile. Ukwaziswa kokunyathelisa, ukuhlanganisa imihlangano ephilayo, nokugcina amarekhodi omphakathi afinyelelekayo kuyizidingo zanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokulandisa. Ngaphandle kokubona nganoma yiluphi uhlobo. Ukuhlola inqubo, ukuzwa obala (izikhathi zokuphendula, nokuhlola) uhulumeni ukuqoqa ukwaziswa kwezilaleli ezibanzi. Ingozi eyinhloko yaloluhlelo iwukuba isiqinisekiso. Uma izakhamuzi zichitha amahora amaningi zilungiselela noma zisabela ekuhloleni kuphela ukubona ukufakwa kwazo, ukugxeka kuyajula kunokuba kunciphe. Ukuze ingxoxo ihambisane nencazelo ecacile yokuthi ukufakwa kwayo kulinganiswe kanjani nokuthi ithinta kanjani.

Ukuzimela Nokubambisana

Izinqubo zokukhululeka zimelela isinyathelo esibalulekile kokubili emandleni ezakhamuzi nasemgomweni wokuzibophezela. Amagumbi afana namajaji ezakhamuzi, izinqumo ezikhululekile, kanye nemihlangano yezakhamuzi ekhona asebenza ngesimiso esihlukile: abathathi-nxaxheba abamane basho umbono osukhona ngaphambi kokuba usungulwe; bafunda ngempikiswano, ukuzwa kochwepheshe nabasekeli, nokuxabana nezingxoxo ezilula nontanga yabo.

Lezi zinqubo zifaneleka kakhulu ukusingatha lokho izazi zezombangazwe abakubiza ngokuthi "izinkinga ezimbi" `Iziqu ezihlanganisa ukudayisa okuyinkimbinkimbi, izingxabano ezijulile zenani, namazinga aphakeme okungaqiniseki kobuchwepheshe. Amalungelo okukhishwa kwesisu, ukushintshwa kwesimo sezulu, ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila, nokuphela kwezokunakekela ukuphila kuyizibonelo eziphambili. Ngokunikeza iqembu lezakhamuzi elikhethwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, iqembu elimelela isikhathi nemali ukuze lifinyelele ukwahlulela okungokolwazi, ohulumeni bangafaka enqolobaneni yokuhlakanipha okuvame ukucatshangelwa kakhulu nokungahlukani kakhulu kunenkulumo yeningi yeningi. Uma ohulumeni befuna ukusebenzisa noma ukusabela okungokomthetho ekutusweni kwezindikimba ezinjalo, basuka ekuxhumaneni isikhathi nemali eqotho.

Ukuhlelwa Nokulawulwa Okuqondile Kwezakhamuzi

Uhlobo olujule kakhulu lokuhlanganyela luhlanganisa izakhamuzi hhayi nje ekunqumeni isimiso, kodwa nasekusiklameni nasekusidluliseleni. Imishini yokulungisa iqaphela ukuthi izinkonzo zomphakathi azizona nje izinto ezithunyelwa kubathengi abangasasebenzi. Ziyimiphumela edalwe yizisebenzi ezisebenza ndawonye nezakhamuzi ezisebenza ndawonye. I-Polic Community, izinhlelo zezesayensi zokuhlela, nezinhlelo zezakhamuzi ziyizibonelo zonke zokuveza impumelelo. Kulendlela, indima kahulumeni iyashintsha ekubeni abe ngumsizi we-facillitator, i-pager, nomngane.

Izithiyo Zokwakha Ekuhlanganyeleni Okunenjongo

Imingcele eminingi yokwakha ivimbela imizamo yokuzihlukanisa ekufinyeleleni imigomo yayo eshiwo.

Ukudla Okunamandla Nokubanjwa Kwamandla

Izinqubo zokuhlanganyela azisebenzi endaweni engenalutho. Izindawo eziphawulwe ukungafani okukhulu kwengcebo, isikhundla, kanye nekhono lokuhlela. Izithakazelo ezihleliwe nabangenisi abangochwepheshe kanye nemali esetshenziswayo zihlonyiselwe kangcono ukulawula izinkathi zokuzwa komphakathi noma ukuphendula kunemiphakathi engaphansi kwezindawo. Ngaphandle komzamo wamabomu wokuthola nokusekela ngaphansi kwamazwi abekwe phansi, ukuthatha iqhaza kungaqinisa kalula imishini yamandla akhona. Lento eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukuthumba," indlela engapheli kakhulu yokuhluleka ukubusa kokwehlukana.

Ukuvinjelwa Kwemithombo Yezinto Nokukhathala Okuhilelekile

Ukuhlanganyela ngobuqotho kuyabiza. Kudinga izikhungo ezikwaziyo ukufinyelela, izindawo ezifinyelelwe, ukunakekelwa kwabantwana, izinkonzo zokuhumusha, nezinxephezelo zalabo abahlanganyelayo. Uma ohulumeni becelwa ukuba bafake izicelo, ngokungaqondi bakhetha abahlanganyela abanesikhala sokuphumula nokuqiniseka komphakathi ukuba bahlanganyele ukuze bakhululeke ngokukhululeka. (ngokuvamile abaholi abaholi, abafundi, noma abashisekeli abangochwepheshe. Ngokungazelele, izakhamuzi zibhekana "ukukhathala kokusebenza ngokuphazimazima kweso" lapho zicelwa njalo ukuba zifune ukufakwa ngaphandle kokubona imiphumela engokoqobo. Ngamunye wehluleka noma ukwenza umzamo wesivumelwano kwenza kube nzima ukujoyina abahlanganyeli abalandelayo.

Ukumelana Nokulawula Nezingozi

Izikhulu ze-Bureaucracracy ziyizinhlangano ezikwazi ukuthatha imingcele. Izinqubo ezivamile zokusebenza ezivumela inhlangano enkulu ukuba isebenze zivame ukumelana nokuvumelana nokusebenza nokungaxegi okudingekayo ngokuhlanganyela ngobuqotho. Izisebenzi zombango zingamelana nemizamo yokuzifunela izivumelwano ngoba zizibona ziwusongo ebuchwephesheni bazo, umthombo wesikhashana, noma isiqalo sokuphazamisa kwezombangazwe. Ukunqoba lokhu kumelana ngaphakathi kudinga ukuhola okuqinile phezulu, ukuphumelela okukhokhela izivumelwano, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezihlobisa izikhulu zomphakathi ngamakhono adingekayo ekuklameni nasekulawuleni izinqubo zokulawula.

Ubuchwepheshe Njenge - amplifier Nengozi

Ubuchwepheshe bemishini buye bandisa kakhulu ithuluzi elikhona ukuze izakhamuzi zithembisene. Nokho, buveza izingozi ezintsha okumelwe zihlolwe ngokuqapha. Ubuchwepheshe abuyona indawo engathathi hlangothi; bungamandla athonya uhlobo lokuhlanganyela ngokwalo.

Izinqubo Zezinombolo Zokukhipha Inkululeko Ngesilinganiso

Izindawo zokucwaninga ezivulekile njenge-Decidim (esungulwe eBarcelona) neConsul (esungulwe eMadrid) ziye zathathwa amakhulu amadolobha emhlabeni wonke, zasiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlobise, zifune impikiswano, futhi zivote ezimisweni zikamasipala. I-Taiwan vTaiwan isebenzisa i-clupt yokuhlola i-Pol.is ithuluzi lokudwebela ukuvumelana nokunyukela phakathi kwezinkulungwane zabahlanganyeli ezincuntwini eziyinkimbinkimbi eziphethe i-mibazwelo. Lamathuluzi abonisa ukuthi ukuthatha igalelo le mishini akudingenzeli ukuba kulinganiselwe ekuhlolweni "njenge"'''''''''''''''''''''izingxoxo ze-software ecacile, amapulatifomu amanani angafaka impikiswano enengqondo ngesilinganiso esingasehlakalweni esikhona ngemihlangano ye-person kuphela.

Ukwehlukana Kwezinombolo Nemithetho Yomthetho

Ukuthembela kumathuluzi enombolo kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okulinganiselwe ngokushesha. "Ukwehlukana okungahlangani" akukona nje ukufinyelela ekuxhumaneni kwe-injini ne-inthanethi; kuhlanganisa ukufunda nokubhala ngemitapo, imingcele yolimi, nokuthembela ezimisweni zolwembu jikelele. Ukuthembela ngokuyinhloko ekubekeni imishini ngokwezinombolo kuyosusa asebekhulile, abampofu, nemiphakathi engakwazi ukuxhumana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho elawula lamandla akhukhudlwana awathathi hlangothi. Benza ukukhetha mayelana nokuthi ikuphi okuqukethwe, indlela yokuveza imibono, nendlela yokubona imibono ephambene. Lamanani akhethelweyo nemibono okufanele ihlolwe ukucubunga ideli. Ukulawula kohlelo kufuneka ngokusobala, ngemithetho ecacile yemininingwane ye-omsclicrom ne-alctive book.

Umphumela Wokusungula: Ukuhlanganyela Embusweni

Ithuna lokubusa okuhle ligcwele imisebenzi yomshayeli ehlulekayo ukulinganisela noma ukusinda ekushintsheni kobuholi bezombangazwe. Ukuze isakhamuzi sihlanganyele ngaphezu kokuhlola kwesikhashana, kumelwe sifakwe ezisekelweni ezihlala njalo zikahulumeni.

Ukukhishwa Kwezigebengu Nokufakwa Kwesigebengu

Izimiso eziqinile kakhulu zokunikeza izibopho yilezo ezinesisekelo esingokomthetho. Imithetho edinga ukuhlolwa komphakathi ngezinhlobo ezithile zezinqumo, eziyala ukuba kusungulwe izindikimba zezakhamuzi eziphethe, noma eziqinisekisa indima yokuhlelwa kwemali ebhalisweyo emjikelezweni wemali waminyaka yonke yakha uhlelo olungenakususwa kalula ngesimiso esisodwa. Umthetho wesizwe weBrazil emikhandlwini ehlukanisayo kanye nemfuneko ye-Europe Union yokuhlola umphakathi ezihlongozweni ezinkulu zokuhlela imithetho yenhlangano.

Ukuzinikela Ekusekeleni Imali Nasekuxhaseni Ubuchwepheshe

Ukuhlanganyela kudinga uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali. Amahhovisi anikezelwe asebenza, njenge Office of Public Accounting in the White House noma iDepartment of House Maclement eLos Angeles, anikeza amandla enhlangano adingekayo ekuklameni, ekusebenziseni, nasekuhloleni izinyathelo zokunikeza izinkonzo. La mahhovisi kumelwe afakwe ochwepheshe abanolwazi ekumangaleni, ekuxazululeni izingxabano, ekuhlaziyweni kokwaziswa, nasekuhlelweni komphakathi. Ukuthatha ukuhlanganyela njengendlela ekhethekile yobuchwepheshe kunokunezelwa emsebenzini okhona wezisebenzi zomphakathi ezizimpi kuyaphumelela.

Isiko Lokufunda Nokuthuthukisa

Ayinakwenzeka inqubo yokukhipha izigaba okokuqala. Ukwakha isimiso sokubusa kudinga ukuzimisela ukufunda. Lokhu kusho ukulinganisa izingozi zokuthembisana, ukukhipha imiphumela, nokulungisa imikhuba ukuze kuzwakale ukunikeza impendulo yabo bobabili abahlanganyelayo nezisebenzi zombango. Ohulumeni kumelwe bazimisele ukuzama, ukuhluleka, nokungabenzi. Lokhu kuwukushiya isimiso sobukhoma esivamile esigxile ekugwemeni izingozi nokulunga kombono wokukhomba ekutholeni ulwazi kanye nethonya.

Ukubonakaliswa Kwezenzakalo Ezibonisa Amandla Ezakhamuzi

Inkolelo yokubusa ngokwengxenye iqondwa kangcono ngelens yolwazi lukakhonkolo. Izenzakalo eziningana ezivela emhlabeni wonke zibonisa ukuthi isakhiwo singakwazi ukuguqula isimo ukuze sithembisene kahle.

Inhlangano yezakhamuzi zase-Ireland noshintsho lomthetho-mthetho

Mhlawumbe isibonelo esivelele kakhulu somhlangano wezakhamuzi onezimo eziqondile, ithonya elingenakugwenywa emthetho wesizwe yi-Irish Party’s Comminety of 2016-2018. Iqembu elikhethiwe lamazwe angu-99 labekwa inselele yokucabangela izimpikiswano eziningana eziphikisanayo, kuhlanganise nokukhishwa kwezisu, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, nendima yabesifazane ekuphileni komphakathi. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zezimpelasonto, umhlangano wezwiwa ochwepheshe, amaqembu ezaziwe, nabantu abanolwazi oluphilayo. Ukutusa kwabo kwathunyelwa futhi kwanikezwa ePhalamendeni lase-Ireland. Ngokuvamile, i-Cruciom, ukutuswa kwenhlangano ukuba ivinjelwe ukukhishwa kokukhishwa kwesisu somthetho kwabekwa ngokuqondile embukisweni wesizwe, okwadlula ngo-6% wevoti. Lokhu kunikeza ubufakazi obunamandla bokuthi izakhamuzi ezivamile, kunikezwa isikhathi esinikezwa futhi kwanele, izinquluko ezinqunyweni eziningi ezinqulwini zomphakathi ezingokomthetho ezibhekene.

Ukuhlanganyela Ekuhlelweni Kwemali EPorto Alegre, eBrazil

Kusukela ngo-1981, idolobha lasePorto Alegre lasungula ikhophi yokusetshenziswa kwemali ehlukene ekhona (PB) eyaba uphawu lwembulunga yonke. Izakhamuzi zemihlangano yomakhelwane zanquma ngokuqondile ukuhlela ingxenye yemali kamasipala. Imiphumela yaba mikhulu: phakathi neminyaka eyishumi, amaphesenti emikhaya ekwazi ukufinyelela izinkonzo zamanzi akhuphuka kusukela ku 80% kuya ku 98%, kanti isilinganiso sezindawo zokulahla indle senyuka kusukela ku- 46% kuya ku-85%. Inqubo ye-PB yanikeza imingcele engokomlando enciphiniswe inkohlakalo, futhi yathuthukisa ukuphumelela kwezentengo yomphakathi. Nakuba isimiso sezentengo yezombangazwe sabhekana nezinselele zezombangazwe futhi sezentengo entengo eminyakeni ezalandela, ifa layo iyinhlangano yomhlaba wonke namuhla ehlanganisa izinkulungwane zamadolobhana.

Isimiso sokulawula intando yeningi sezemishini sase Taiwan

I-Taiwan isungule enye yezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezithatha iqhaza lezokusebenza kwezokusebenza emhlabeni. I-vTaiwan, eyakheka ngokubambisana nomphakathi wezobuchwepheshe bomphakathi, isetshenziselwa ukwakha ukuvumelana ngezindaba ezilawulayo kusukela ku-Uber no-Airbnb kuya kumanani emali efakwa ezindaweni zokufaka izintambo. Le nqubo iqala ngenkathi evulekile engxoxweni ye-Forum, ilandelwa ngokuhlola okukhulu ngokusebenzisa i-Pol.is ithuluzi, elivela ngezindlela zokuhlanganisa amabalazwe ezindawo zesivumelwano nezokungavumelani. Imiphumela ibekwa engqungqutheleni engokoqobo yababambi bemi kanye nezikhulu zikahulumeni, bese inikezela ngokusemthethweni enqubeni, ibonisa indlela yokuthuthukisa imishini engcono kune-pathrome-meo.

Isiphetho: Umkhuba Oqhubekayo Wobubusi

Ukuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi akulona uhlu olulula lwamathuluzi noma icebo lomphakathi.

Izinselele ezibhekene nokubusa kwanamuhla − ukushintsha kwezesayensi, ukuphazamisa, ukungalingani, nokungalingani kwezindawo ezihlukene kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuba noma yimuphi uhulumeni axazulule yedwa. Zidinga ukuhlakanipha, ikhono, namandla ahlukene, bonke abenezakhamuzi. Ngokwakha izindlela eziqinile, ezihlangeneyo, nezinamandla zokuhlanganyela, ohulumeni abakwazi ukubuyisela ukwethembana nokulunga kuphela kodwa futhi benze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile. Impilo yedemokratiyu yentando yeningi ekugcineni ilinganiswa hhayi nje ngobulungisa bokhetho lwayo, kodwa ngemfanelo yengxoxo eqhubekayo phakathi kwezwe nabantu ihloselwe ukuba ikhonze.