Isingeniso: Isivumelwano Sezimali Sembulunga Yonke Sezimali Se - Australia

I-Australian Treasurer isebenza njengenhlangano eyinhloko ephethe ukuhlelwa kwesimiso sezomnotho kanye nokulawulwa kwesimiso sezwe. Umsebenzi oyinhloko kodwa oweqiniswe kakhulu we-Otherin uwukubambisana kwayo okuqhubekayo nezinhlangano zezezimali zezizwe ngezizwe (IFI). Lezinhlangano zihlanganisa iNhlangano ye International Monetary Fund (IMF), iWorld Bank Group, ne-Asian Development Bank (ADB). Ngokusebenza eduze nalemizimba ehlukahlukene, i-Australia isiza ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko yezentengiselwano yembulunga yonke, futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yase-Australia iboniswa ekulawuleni kwezomnotho emhlabeni wonke. Lesihloko sihlola indlela i-Endayworn ethinta ngayo i-IVIm, isizathu sokuba isebenze, nemiphumela yezindaba zayo ezindaweni eziningi ze-Australia nezwe lonke.

Ukuthembisana akuyona into ethatha indawo. I-Australia iyilungu elisungulwe lezinhlangano ze-Breton Woods futhi iye yalondoloza ukuba khona okuqinile ezimisweni zayo zokubusa. Ngeminikelo yezimali, ubuchwepheshe, nenhloko- dolobha yezobuchwepheshe, i-Othernium iqinisekisa ukuthi izwi le-Australia liyazwakala ezimpikiswaneni zokuzinziwa kwembulunga yonke, ukusekela izimali, izimali, nokusabela okukhuhlakele. Lobubuhlobo bubodwa: UMASHOLA i-Australia ngemithombo yezimali yezentengiselwano, isekela imishini enzima, kanye nesiteji yemithetho elawula inhloko-mfantununtunu ehlanganisa inhloko yembulunga yonke. Imali ne-ndengiselwano ye-phambili i-operalthromesss orgaing orgaiaiaiaia ne-Areactive of Fostated internal.

Izinhlangano Eziyinhloko Zezezimali Zamazwe Ngamazwe Nendima Ye - Australia

Imali Yomhlaba Wonke Ye - “IMF ”

I-IMF iyinhlangano eyinhloko yokuvikela ukubambisana kwembulunga yonke nemali. I-Australia ihlala egunjini le-IF’s Fidetive Board, imelela ukuvumelana okuhlanganisa izizwe eziningi zeziqhingi zasePacific namanye amazwe. Izimali zihola ukubopha kwe-Australia ne-IMF, ihlanganyela ekuhlolweni kweSiphakamiso saminyaka yonke sokuhlola umnotho wezwe nokusiza ekulweni kwemithetho yezezimali engqubuzaneni kwembulunga yonke, ukushintshana kwemithetho yezezingalo, ukuthatha izilinganiso zezimali, kanye nezikweleti ezihambisana nezikweletu. Isilinganiso se-Australia ekwi-IF – cishe 1.36% yengqikithi yengqikithi ye-IM – inikeza amalungelo okuvota nokungena emalungiselelweni. Ezikhathinini ezibucayi, njengasezimonkingeni yemali ka-20089, umdlandla we-IMF, i-CHONDICR isebenza ekudweni amalungelo akhethekile esikhethekile esikhethekile (D) ikakhulukazi se-Pacific.

Iqembu LeBhange Lomhlaba

I-Australia iyilungu le-International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) ne-International Development Association (IDA), i-World Bank ivumela ukuba ixhase amazwe ampofu kakhulu. I-Otherine i-Othersy ihlela iminikelo ye-ID ephinde ibuye ihlele futhi isebenzise izinhlelo zeBhange lezwe e-Daust e-Southeast Asia nase-Pacific. Ngendima yayo njengomnikeli nenkokheli, i-Australia ithonya i-World Bank ebaluleke kakhulu, njengezentengiso zamandla ahlanzekile, isakhiwo esinenzuzo, isakhiwo esinenhlalo, nomqedazwe. I-Monday isebenza futhi ne-International Rebicioverfection (IFC) ukuze ivukelele izikhulu zezelele izakhiwo ezithile zezindawo lapho i-Australia ithanda khona, njenge-Newcaease-Puceevences.

IBhange Lentuthuko Lase - Asia (ADB)

I-ADB ibaluleke kakhulu e-Australia igxile kakhulu e-Asia-Pacific. I-Australia iyilungu elihlangene eliphethe i-accontry e-ADB futhi inesihlalo eButhweni layo labaqondisi. I-Ofeki ye-Australia ihlela izikhundla zezinhlelo ze-ADB yokubolekisa imali, usizo lobuchwepheshe, nezingxoxo zezimiso. Izinto eziza kuqala zamuva zihlanganisa ukusekela izakhiwo ze-mo yezulu-aslic eziqhingini zasePacific nokusekela i-ADBB 2030” ezisongela ukuncitshiswa kobumpofu, ukulingana kwabesifazane, nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi e-ADBB. I-Australia futhi inemisebenzi ehlangene ne-ADBM. Imisebenzi enjengendawo yokuqoqa amanzi namandla avusemkhanyelayo, isekela ukuphatha i-bhankini ye-bhanki.

Iziteshi Zokuhlanganyela: Indlela Opera Bezimali Abasebenza Ngayo

Isivumelwano seNkongozelo yezimali ne-UNICEF sinezingxenye eziningi, sihlanganisa ukubusa okungokomthetho, ukuxoxisana kwesimiso, nokubambisana. Enye yezindlela ezibonakalayo kakhulu yi-World Bank ne-IF Spring neMithetho Yaminyaka yonke, eqhutshwa njalo ngoApril nango-Okthoba. Izikhulu zezimali ze-Moovery zihola abathumeli base-Australia, zihlanganyela ezimihlanganweni ezisemthethweni, nezikhulu zezezimali, nezindawo zobuchwepheshe. Lemibuthano ilapho kuphikiswana khona inqubo yezezomnotho yembulunga yonke futhi lapho i-Australia ingaphoqelela khona izinguquko ezihambisana nezithakazelo zayo – njengokuqinisa inethi yokhuseleko yezentengo yezwe yeziqhingi ezincane noma ukuqhubekisela phambili izimiso zezentengo.

Ngalé kwemihlangano, iNgxowa-mali inezela ekuhleleni izimiso ngemikhakha yokusebenza nangamaqembu agunyazayo. Ngokwesibonelo, iG20 Moneal Rack, leyo i-Australia eye yayisekela kanye endulo yomphathi, ngokuvamile incike ekuhlaziyweni kwe-IMF ne-World Bank. I-Cetatel isebenza nge-Informal Stability Board (FSB) ezindabeni zokulawula kanye nenhlangano yezentengiselwano ye-Co-athoration and Development (OECD) ekuboneni intela nakulawuleni intela – nakuba i-OECD ingeyo-I ngomqondo wesiko, isebenza ngokufanayo.

Omunye umzila obucayi yilungiselelo losizo lobuchwepheshe. Izikhulu ze-Ostreliya zezezimali zinikezwa u-IFI imisebenzi noma zisebenza njengabameli bezimiso zokuphatha imali, amasu, kanye nokuphathwa kwezimali zomphakathi emazweni akanye nawo. Lokhu “kujikela ngaphandle” kwakha amandla ezinhlangano ePacific nase-Southeast Asia, ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda okujulile kwesimiso se-Australia sokusondela. Kubuye kwakhe izinjwayezi zokuxhumana ngokwethukela ezivumela ukwaziswa okunelisayo phakathi nezinkinga.

Iminikelo yezimali ingukuxhumana okunye okuphathekayo. I-Australia ithembisa ukuboleka imali evunyelweyo futhi inika i-IDA, i-ADB’s Asian Development Fund, ne-IMF’s Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust. I-Othercial ilawula lenkokhezelo, iqinisekisa ukuthi ihambisana nemali yosizo yase-Australia kanye nezimiso zangaphandle eziza kuqala. Kumali ye-ADB, i-AUD 400 000 000 000 kuyi-IMF’S PRGT ne-AUD (PRGT) ku-ID (PGT). Lezimali azikho ukuboleka okukolekisa amafasitela. Lemali ayizona izinkonzo zokusiza ukuba kusetshenziswe imali engcono nezimiso zangaphandle ezibandayo e-Australia ngenxa yebhizinisi nokulondeka.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Ekubambisanani Nezimali (Calsurerhoraifi)

Ukusabela Kuyi - COVID ← PONDEMIC

Lo mqedazwe wahlola ikhono leNguquko lokubambisana ne-IFI ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu. Ngo-2020, i-Australia yasekela ukwanda okusheshayo kwezakhiwo zezimali eziphuthumayo ze-IMF, kuhlanganise ne-Catastrorhe Compinting and Literation kunye nokwethulwano olufushane. I-Moneral yasebenza ne-ADBR ne-World Bank ukuze ikhawuleze ukusekela kwempilo ye-OFracky kwezizwe zasePacific, ikhipha imvume evumela amazwe ukuba athenge izitomijongo nempahla yezokwelapha. I-Australia yasebenzisa futhi isikhundla sayo ebhodini eliphethe i-IMF's UNG's trialth triam ezindaweni ezingoko ze-SDR ngoAugust 2021. Lokhu kwanikeza ukusekela okuseduze kwe-astrive , kanye nokunikela ngokuzithandela kwe-SDRR ku-IMFive ku-Emplective ku-Emption ku-Estance.

Indima yeNdawo yezimali ayizange igcine ngokuphazanyiswa. Yasiza futhi ekuklanyweni kwesimiso: Izikhulu zase-Australia zasiza ekuhleleni iseluleko sokuqapha se-IMF emasimini amancane anezikweleti futhi zaqhubezela ukuba kufakwe ukuhlolwa kwesimo sezulu eSiphakamisweni IV. Le mizamo yabonisa indlela izivumelwano zikaNondyebo ezingadlula ngayo ekubhaleni i-DNA ka-IFI.

Imali Yesimo Sezulu EPacific

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungusongo olukhulu kakhulu emiphakathini yeziqhingi zasePacific, futhi u-UNIX uyizindlela ezinkulu zezentengiselwano yesimo sezulu. I-Australia iye yasebenzisa amalungu ayo e-ADB ne-World Bank ukuqondisa inhloko mandla avuselelwayo, isivikelo sogu, nezolimo eziqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-ADB’s “Pacificity Climate Change Programme” - co quenced ye-Australia – iye yasekela i-solarn °6146grid eKiribati nase-sea Walls eFiji. I-The Benety, esebenza noMnyango we-Climate, i-Effere, i-Evel, i-evel, i-movity, i-Mervice, i-Mer, i-octive, i-octive, i-facessssssssss auvetudentificiationsss (ificial) i-oth) i-octivedy) e-

EBhange leZwe, i-Australia ibingumsekeli wephimbo we- “State and Development Report” ye-sal, evumelana nebhange eliboleka imigomo yesimo sezulu sezwe. Ngo-2023, i-Mooker yasekela imapu yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yeZwe Lonke eyandisa isimo sezulu sayo ehlanganisa ingqikithi esukela ku-28% kuya ku-45% yezibopho eziphelele ngo-2025. Nakuba lokhu kuyisisulu sembulunga yonke, ukubopha kwe-Australia kwaqinisekisa ukuthi izinto eziza kuqala ePacific zihlanganisiwe, njengokuncishiswa kwenhlekelele kanye nenkokhelo yokuzimela impumelelo.

Izinzuzo Zokuhlanganyela Ngokujule

Umsebenzi weNkongozelo Yezimali yaseAustralia no - UNIX IS unikeza izinzuzo eziningana eziphawulekayo ezithethelela isikhathi esibalulekile nengcebo enikelwe kuso.

i-freemotence nenetha lokuphepha eliqinile: Ngokuhlanganyela ekuhloleni nasekulawuleni kwe-IF, i-Australia izuza isixwayiso sakuqala senkinga yembulunga yonke yezimali futhi ingalungisa izimiso zayo ngokwalokho. I-FIK inikeza futhi umboleki wokugcina wamazwe abhekene nezinkinga, ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthatheka kwamabhange ase-Australia nabezohwebo. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nenhlekelele yezezimali ze-Asia ye-199798, izinhlelo ze-IMF eThailand ne-Indonesia zisiza ukukhokha i-jazi zothulela nokulahlekelwa kwe-Australia abathuthi be-Ostreanster. Muva nje, ukunciphiswa kwe-IMFFoce yamazwe akhuselwe i-Pacific inikeza ukukhokhwazwa okuphuthumayo ngaphandle kokuboleka kwe-IMFF.

Ukubekwa kwemithetho yomhlaba wonke: Uma ikhona imithetho yezezimali zomhlaba wonke idingidwa. Ngezihlalo zayo emabhodini aphethe futhi ihlanganyele emakomitini, izimiso zekota zokuhlelwa kabusha kwezikweletu (umz., i-Common Frameswork), ukuphathwa kwenhloko, nomthetho wemali wezemishini. I-Australia iye yasebenzisa leli thonya ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala kwezikweletu ezikweletini ezizimele nokusekela inyathelo elinjengeleG20 “Izimiso ze-Comemon yeSikweleti esingusoSosabukhosi. I-CMALI isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqondisa okulungile ukukhokha izimali ezizweni eziphakathi kanye nezincane, hhayi nje ezizweni ezinamandla.

Imiphumela yemiphumela evumelana nezithakazelo zase-Australia: UMA kuyizindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokunikeza usizo ngoba i-applia queration quephanamilia, izimiso zabo zokuthatha izinto zinzima, futhi imisebenzi yabo ngokuvamile inkulu ngokwesilinganiso kunaleyo izinhlelo ze-injini kuphela ezingayifinyelela. E-Australia, lokhu kusho ukuthi imali ngayinye yemali eyanikela ku-ADB noma i-IDA iphindaphindeke izikhathi eziningana. Ukwengamela kwezimali kuqinisekisa ukuthi lemali isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihambisana nenqubo ye-Australia yakwamanye amazwe – ikakhulukazi ukuqina kwe-Pacific, ushintsho kwezomnotho e-Southeastrian Asia, nokusekela imithetho eminingi eqoqwayo.

ifaka ulwazi lwezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni wonke: Iminyango engokwesayensi ye-IMF ne World Bank iveza ukucwaninga okulinganayo kwezihloko kusukela ekukhokheleni intela ukuya kumthetho wezimali. I-Moove inikeza inzuzo engathathi hlangothi kulelwazi ngezifundo, izimiso zokuqeqesha, kanye nohlelo lokuzihlela. Lo “mphakathi wezemfundo” usiza izikhulu zase-Australia ukuba zihlale phambili kwenqubo engcono kakhulu yembulunga yonke yezimiso zemali, ukuphatha izikweleti, nomthetho we-macrobreagracygradial. Inikeza futhi umthombo ongathathi seluleko esingasetshenziswa ekutsheleni izimpikiswano zezimiso zasekhaya.

Izinselele Nezinkinga Ezifanele

Ukuhlanganyela no-IFUR akunakuxabana. Enye inselele ephindaphindwayo iwumbono wokuthi u-MAS memore acushiwe futhi uyashesha ukusabela ezinkingeni zokuhamba. Ngezinye izikhathi i-Moneyme iqhubele phambili izinqubo zokusebenza ezinciphileyo e-ADB nase-World Bank, kodwa inguquko inzima ngenxa yenani labaxhasi abanezithakazelo eziguquguqukayo. Okunye ukucindezeleka kubangelwa yizimfuno eziphikisanayo zokuba umnini-mnindiswano nomphathi. I-Australia kumelwe ilinganisele isifiso sayo sokuthonya u-I ngokulinganisela kwemali yayo siqu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-CFI ifuna ukukhetha phakathi kwesimiso esikhulu nenkokhelo yemali eveza imiphumela esobala.

Kukhona futhi indaba ye- “izwi ne-methoding”. Njenge-Australia, ithonya eliphakathi alisebenzi njenge-United States, iChina, noma iJapane. Ngakho izikhulu zezimali kumelwe zisebenze ngemifelandawonye – njengamazwe asePacific Islands Forum noma amaqembu asebenzayo – ukuthuthukisa izikhundla zawo. Ku-IMF, ukuvumelana kwe-Australia kuhlanganisa amazwe amancane amancane anezici eziza kuqala ezihlukene kakhulu, ezifuna ukuxhumana ngokucophelela. I-fekitha i-fekitha i-mali ibeke ukuthemba lalakha lala mazwe asebenza nawo, kodwa inqubo iyinkathi e-IMF.

Ekugcineni, kunenselele eyandayo yezinselele eChina endimani ekhona e-IFII kanye nokumiswa kwezinhlangano ezihlukile njenge-Asian Infrapublicre Investment Bank (IB). Nakuba i-Australia iyilungu elisungulayo le-IIIB, i-Mooral ithembisana nayo iqaphe kakhulu kune-ADB noma i-World Bank. I-University kumelwe ihlole ukuvumelana kwesayensi yezwe kuyilapho iqinisekisa ukuthi i-China exhunyiwe ayilulazi izindinganiso zokubusa i-Australia. Lesenzo sokulinganisela sidinga ukugada okuqhubekayo nokuhlelwa okucacile kwezithakazelayo kwe-Australia.

Iziyalezo Zesikhathi Esizayo: Indima Eyisisekelo Yezimali

Uma sibheka phambili, ukuthembisana kwe-Exters ne-UNICER ye-Australia no-ICIR cishe kuyokhula ezindaweni ezintathu. Okokuqala, izimali zesimo sezulu ziyohlala zibalulekile kakhulu. I-Coominery iyoba isikhungo sokulungisa “i-Climate à projecter” entsha ye-ADBR , kanye nefasitela le-World Bank ‘ Evolutionmap's trap'' ehlose ukuhlanganisa izinhloso zesimo sezulu kuzo zonke izindlela. I-Australia kulindeleke ukuba ilwele imithombo eyengeziwe evumela ukuthatha i-Pacific, mhlawumbe ngenkokhelo yemali yemali yemali enikezelwe u-IIPIadread.

Okwesibili, izimali ze-minuctic zenza i-currecium ye-pal digital ye-BDCs kanye nokunyuka kwe-pattings ye-pantric digital ye-octives (CBDC) iveza izimpikiswano ezintsha ze-IFF. I-IMF isihlola kakade incazelo elawulayo yemithetho ye-CBDC kanye ne-corptoaset, futhi i-Coral idinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imfuno ye-Australia i-alday kanye nokuzinziwa kwe-afy system yesimiso sokukhokha – ivikelekile. Izikhulu zase-Australia zise-Australia ziyohlohlonisela izindinganiso ezivamile ezivimbela ukuvinjelwa kwe-milligencer profs, okungalimaza ukuhweba okunganqamla i-66 e-Asia.

Okwesithathu, impilo yemali elondekile yomhlaba wonke izohlala igxile. Njengoba amazinga aphakeme ezikweletu zembulunga yonke kanye nenzalo enyukayo, amazwe amaningi asathuthuka abhekene nokucindezeleka kwezikweletu. I-University iye yasekela ukusungulwa kwe-IMF ye- “Impikiswano nokungaguquguquki kwe-[Impratetic Trust] kanye nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwe-World Bank ekusekeleni inhloko - nhloko - sisekelo. Kusukela kudala, ukuthembisa kwezezimali kungasehlela ukulungisa indlela ye-IMF ukuze kubonise kangcono izinga lezomnotho elinamandla njenge-Australia kanye nezifunda zayo.

Ekugcineni, iNdawo yezimali izoqhubeka itshala imali enhloko - dolobha yabantu. Uhlelo lwe-Australia’s “IFIS Cadre”, olulawulwa yi-Mooral, izitimela eziphethe izikhulu eziphakathi kwekhulu lekhulu lekhulu lekhulu leminyaka ezizothatha i-IFF, i-World Bank, ne-ADB. Lokhu akugcini ngokwakha ubuchwepheshe phakathi kukahulumeni wase-Australia kodwa futhi kwakha nenxathela ye-almni eqonda o-IFI uma u-injiniyela. Eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, leli cadre liyobaluleka ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi i-Australia ibeka ngaphezu kwemali yayo entengisweni yezomnotho zomhlaba wonke.

Isiphetho

Isivumelwano seTreasury nezinhlangano zezezimali zomhlaba wonke sisebenza ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi, ebanzi kakhulu, edlula kakhulu ukuba khona kwesimiso sokuxhumana. Ngokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ekubuseni, ekusebenzeni, nasekuthuthukiseni kwezimiso ze-IMF, i-World Bank, ne-ADB, iSivumelwano sisiza ekuvikeleni ukuqina kwezomnotho ze-Australia, siqinisa ithonya layo e-Asia 88pacie, futhi sibe neqhaza ekusebenzeni kwesimiso sezwe lonke sezimali. Izinselele zenguquko, ukuncintisana kwezesayensi yezwe, imfuno yezezimali, nemfuno elinganiselwe idinga icebo eliqinile nemali engapheli. Nokho, inzuzo – inenetha yokuphepha elinamandla, izwi elikhulu, nentuthuko engcono kakhulu yenza inzuzo e-IVCFI ive iyimiphumela engcono kakhulu yesimo sezwe lonke. Inguquko yezwe, inguquko, ukunyaka nenkanganiso, ukuguquguquka kwezwe, ukuphakama kwezentengo yezentengo yezentengo yeze yezentengo yeze yezwe, kanye neyo engoko.

Ukuxhumana kwangaphandle kokunye okufundwa: