Isingeniso: Umthetho Ophakeme Olawulayo

Amapulani alawulayo akha umgogodla wokubusa kwanamuhla, ukuguqula indlela izimboni ezisebenza ngayo, indlela imithombo yezemisebenzi ephathwa ngayo, nendlela inhlalakahle yomphakathi evikelwa ngayo. Uma lezi zimo zisebenza ngendlela ehloselwe, zinikeza ukuzinza, ukulondeka, nokulunga phakathi kwezimiso zezomnotho nezezenhlalo. Uma zihluleka, imiphumela ingahlangana phakathi kwemiphakathi, izimakethe, nezimiso zendawo, iminyaka eminingi noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka. Ukuqonda ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi yokuzilawula akuyona nje inqubo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo engokwezemfundo, futhi kuyisidingo esiwusizo kunoma ubani ohilelekile ekuklameni, ekuqondiseni umphakathi, noma ekulawuleni kwezenzweni kwezentengiselwano. Lesi sihloko sihlola imiphumela yezehluleke nenqubo yomphakathi, ukudwebela ezibonelweni ezingokomlando nezinselele zamanje ukuze kunikezwe amandla anamandla.

Ukwehluleka Ukuchaza Ukwehluleka Kokuqondisa

Ukwehluleka komthetho kwenzeka uma umthetho uhluleka ukufinyelela izinjongo zawo ezimisiwe noma uveza imiphumela emibi engahlosiwe edlula noma yiziphi izinzuzo ezitholakalayo. Lencazelo ihlanganisa kokubili ukwehluleka kwezimiso kanye nezimo lapho iziqondiso zidala izinkinga ezintsha lapho zizama ukuxazulula ezikhona. Ukwehluleka komthetho kungabonakala njengemithetho engasebenziyo enganakwa noma egwenywayo, izimfuneko ezinzima kakhulu ezivimbela ukusungulwa kwezakhi ngaphandle kosizo olufanayo lomphakathi, noma izikhala eziphelele ekungaqondiseni lapho izingozi zivela khona zingangeni ndawo.

Izazi nochwepheshe bahlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningana zokwehluleka kokulawula. Kuyenzeka lapho umthetho ngokwawo unephutha ngenxa yokucwaninga okungakhi, ukulinganisela, noma ukungahloli okunganele emaqenjini athintekile. ukuhluleka kwenzeka uma imithetho ikhuluma ephepheni kodwa ingekho izinhlangano zihluleka, igunya, noma zizokwenza ukuba iqikelelwe kahle. [[FLT:]] Ukuhluleka kwezemisebenzi [[FLT:] [[FLT:]] kuvela lapho izinhlangano eziqondiswayo zithola izindlela zokugwema noma zokululaza izimfuneko ngaphandle kokubhekana nemiphumela enengqondo. [FLT:] [FT] [FLT]

Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlukanisa kubalulekile ngoba uhlobo ngalunye lokwehluleka ludinga indlela ehlukile yokulungisa. Ukuhluleka komklamo kudinga ukucwaninga okungcono kwezimiso nokwaziswa okufaka isikhala esigoqekayo. Ukuhluleka kudinga imithombo yezinhlangano enamandla nezindlela zokulandisa. Ukuhluleka kudinga ukugcinwa okuqinile nesijeziso. Ukwehluleka okuvumelanayo kubonisa isidingo sokubukezwa njalo komthetho kanye namalungiselelo okuthi ukuhlaziya imithetho ekhona ngezikhathi ezithile kuphinde kuhlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile.

Izimbangela Eziyinhloko Zokwehluleka Ukuqondisa

Ukuhluleka ukuqondisa akuvamile ukuvela emthonjeni owodwa. Kunalokho, kubangelwa ukuhlangana kwezici eziningi ezilulaza ukuphumelela kwezimiso zobubonisi. Ukuthola le zimbangela eziyingcambu kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekwakheni izinqubo eziqinile.

Umklamo Ongahleleki

Imithetho eyakhelwe emininingwaneni engaphelele, ewubuphutha bezomnotho, noma ukungaqondi ngokwanele kwezindawo ezilawulwayo ibhuntsha. Uma abamisi bemithetho bethatha imithetho ngokusabela ekucindezeleni umphakathi noma ekulandeleni isikhathi sezombangazwe, bangase bahluleke ukuhlaziya okunzima okudingekayo ukuze balindele imiphumela engalindelekile. Imithetho ebeka izisulu ezingalindelekile, inganaki izindleko zokugcinwa kwemithetho, noma ihluleke ukuveza ukuziphatha komuntu ngenxa yemithetho emisha.

Amagebe Okuphoqelelwa

Ngisho nezimiso ezihlelwe kahle zingahluleka uma ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho kubuthakathaka noma kungaguquguquki. Izinhlangano eziqondisayo zingantula amathuluzi adingekayo ukuze ziqondise ukuthobela ngokuphumelela. Kwezinye izimo, izinhlangano eziphoqelelayo zibhekana nokucindezela kwezombangazwe ukuze zihambe kalula ezimbonini ezinamandla noma zibhekane nokuhlelwa kwemali okuvimbela ukusebenza kwazo. Umphumela yisimiso lapho imithetho ikhona ephepheni kodwa ithwala khona isisindo esincane sangempela, ikhuthaza ukungalinganisi futhi ilulaze yonke imishini yokulawula.

Ukubanjwa Kwesimiso Sokuqondisa

Ukuthunjwa kwezimiso kwenzeka lapho izimboni ezilawulwayo zithola ithonya elingalinganiseki ezinhlanganweni ezihloselwe ukuqondisa. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokusebenza ngokunxusa, ngokulungisa indlu lapho abaqondisi besebenza khona kamuva ezimbonini abaziqaphile, noma ulwazi olulula lapho izimboni zinolwazi olungenazo izikhundla. Izinhlangano eziphethe zithambekele ekuthuthukiseni izithakazelo zezezentengiselwano zezenhlalakahle yomphakathi, kuholele ekubekeni imithetho ebuthakathaka, ukugcinwa kwemithetho evimbela ukugcinwa, nokukhukhuleka kwemisebenzi yokulawula.

Ukuvinjelwa Kwemithombo Yezinto

Izinhlangano eziqondisayo zivame ukusebenza ngezimali kanye namazinga alinganiselwe ngokwemithetho yazo. Uma abahloli bengakwazi ukuhambela izingosi ezanele, lapho izenzo zokuphoqelela zihlupheka ngenxa yamaqembu asemthethweni angaphansi kwezisebenzi, noma lapho izimiso zokwaziswa zingakwazi ukuhambisana nokugada kwanamuhla, isimiso sokuqondisa siyantengantenga. Ngezinye izikhathi leziziphakamiso zizenza "ukuthunga" uhlobo lwemithetho ngaphandle kwezindleko zezombangazwe.

Ukuyinkimbinkimbi Nokungaqiniseki

Izinselele eziningi ezicindezelayo zihilela izimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Izimakethe zemali, amaketanga okunikeza imbulunga yonke, ubuchwepheshe obuvelayo njengokuhlakanipha okungeyomvelo, nezimiso zendawo ezungezile zonke ezihlangene eziphikisana nokubekwa komthetho okulula. Abalawuli kumelwe benze izinqumo ezinokwaziswa okungaphelele ngezimo zesikhathi esizayo, futhi imithetho abayidalayo ingaphelelwa isikhathi ngokushesha lapho izimo zishintsha. Lokhu kungaqiniseki okungokwemvelo akukuthetheleli ukuhluleka kokulawula, kodwa kudinga ukuthobeka nokuguquguquka emklamweni wokuzi.

Imiphumela Yokwehluleka Ukuqondisa

Imiphumela yokuhluleka ukuqondisa isuka enkabeni eseduze, ethinta impilo yomphakathi, ukuqina kwezomnotho, izinga lendawo ezungezile, kanye nokwethembana emphakathini. Lemiphumela ivame ukuhlanganiswa, nokuhluleka kwenye indawo ukuthuthukisa izinkinga kwezinye.

Impilo Yomphakathi Nokulondeka

Lapho imithetho elawula ukuphepha kokudla, imithi, izimo zasemsebenzini, noma izinto ezibulala abantu endaweni ezungezile zihluleka, izisulu ezisheshayo ngokuvamile ziyizakhamuzi ezivamile. Ukungaqondi ngokwanele kungaholela emikhiqizo engcolile efinyelela kubathengi, izimo zokusebenza ezingaphephile eziphikelela zinganakwa, noma izinto eziyingozi ezingena emoyeni nasemanzini. Izindleko zomuntu zokuhluleka okunjalo zilinganiswa ekuguleni, ekulimaleni, nasekulahlekelweni ukuphila. Inhlekelele ye-opioid eUnited States, ngokwesibonelo, yabangelwa ukuhluleka kokulawula iziqondiso zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kanye neziqondiso zokuphatha izinhlungu ezigunyaza izimoto ezivumela ukuba ziqhubeke iminyaka eminingi.

Ukudilizwa Kwendawo Ezungezile

Izimiso zendawo ezungezile ziklanyelwe ukuvikela izimiso zemvelo ezingenazwi ezizinqubo zezombangazwe. Uma lezimiso zihluleka, imiphumela ingaba mikhulu futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Ukuwohloka kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nomoya, ukuqothulwa kwezilwane, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okusheshayo konke kumelela ukuhluleka kokulawula isivikelo sendawo ezungezile. Inhlekelele ye-Devel flue yango 2010 ibonisa indlela igebe ekungaholela ngayo ekuchithekeni kukawoyela okunenhlekelele kanye nemiphumela eqhubeka amashumi eminyaka.

Ukungahleleki Kwezomnotho

Ukuhluleka kokulawula kungaphazamisa izimakethe, kuqede ukuthemba abanikazi bemali, futhi kubangele izinkinga zezomnotho. Inkinga yembulunga yonke yembulunga yonke iyisibonelo samuva kakhulu, lapho ukungaqondisi imali ebolekwayo, ezohwebo, nezimfuneko zezimali kuvumela ukunqwabelana kwengozi emazingeni ayingozi. Uma isimiso sezindlu ezilahlekile, izigidi zemisebenzi, kanye nokugcinwa komhlalaphansi. Ngaphandle kwezenzakalo ezinkulu ezinjalo, ukuhluleka kwezentengiselwano kubangela izindleko eziqhubekayo zezomnotho emakethe, ukunciphisana, ukunciphisana okunciphisana, kanye nokunganisa kwezakhiwo eziyinhloko ezisiza ekuqondiseni amaqoqo abuthakathaka kunasemagumbini ayinhloko anamandla.

Ukuncipha Kokwethenjwa Umphakathi

Ukuhluleka kokulawula okuphindaphindwayo kululaza ukuthemba izikhungo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela isithakazelo somphakathi. Uma izakhamuzi zibona ukuthi imithetho ayiphoqelelwe, ukuthi abaphula imithetho babhekana nemiphumela embalwa, noma labo abalawulayo babonakala besabela kakhulu ezimbonini kunabantu ababakhonzayo, ukuthemba kuyawohloka. Ukulahlekelwa ukholo kunezici ezibanzi: abantu abakwazi ukuvumelana nemithetho engokomthetho, abazimisele ukusekela isinyathelo sikahulumeni ezindabeni ezicindezelayo, futhi bathambekele kakhulu ekuceleni ukunqandwa okukhulu okungavikelwa okungase kuqede isivikelo esidingekile kanye nabaphambuka.

Ukwandisa Ukungalingani

Ukuhluleka kwezimiso ngokungenakulinganiswa kwemiphakathi ebhekene nokuntengantenga ngokwezomnotho, ukuncishwa kwezenhlalakahle, noma ukukhishwa kwezombangazwe. Inkinga yamanzi eFlint yanikeza lesi sibonelo: ukwehluleka kokulawula ukugada amanzi nokulawula ukudleka kwalimaza inzuzo ephansi kakhulu, umphakathi omnyama abaningi kuyilapho izindawo ezicebile ezinethonya elikhulu kwezombangazwe zathola ukusabela okusheshayo. Ngokufanayo, imithetho ebuthakathaka yezisebenzi nokugcinwa kwemithetho kwenza kube nokuswela, izimo zokusebenza ezingalondekile, nokuxhashazwa kwezisebenzi ezisengozini, ukuqeda ukulingana kwezomnotho.

Ukugonywa Kwengozi Yesimiso

Esinye sezici eziyingozi kakhulu zokwehluleka ukulawula ukuthambekela kwayo ekudaleni izimo zezinkinga zesikhathi esizayo ezinkulu futhi okunzima ukuzisingatha kunezinkinga zokuqala. Uma abaqondisi behluleka ukusingatha izingozi ezivelayo ezimisweni zezezimali, izimiso zezemisebenzi, noma izimiso zendawo ezungezile, lezo zingozi zinqwabelana ngaphansi kwamanzi kuze kube yilapho zifinyelela inqwaba enzima. Umphumela awukho ukuwohloka kancane kancane kodwa inhlekelele esheshayo kodwa ukuwa kwezomnotho, ukuwa kwebhuloho, iphuzu eliqondekayo. Ukuvimbela ukuhluleka okunjalo kwezimiso zokulawula imvelo kudinga izimiso ezibheke phambili, i-data-drive, futhi ugunyazwe ukwenza ngezimpawu zakuqala ezixwayisayo.

Ukuhlola Icala Okuphawulekayo Ekuhlulekeni Komthetho

Ukuhlola izimo ezithile zokwehluleka ukuqondisa kwembula izindlela ezinganikeza umklamo ongcono wesimiso esiqhubekayo.

Inkinga Yezimali Ka - 2008

Inkinga yembulunga yonke yezomnotho ilokhu iwukwehluleka okukhulu okubangelwa ukulawulwa kwenkathi yanamuhla. Eminyakeni eholela kule nhlekelele, izinhlangano eziqondisayo e-United States nakwamanye amazwe zahluleka ukwengamela imikhiqizo esheshayo edinga izimali, ikakhulukazi ukukhokha izikweletu zezimali nokungahleleki kwemali. Ukuwohloka kwemikhankaso eyinhloko yeGlass-Steag Act, ihlangene nefilosofi yemithetho yokukhanya, yavumela izinhlangano zezimali ukuba zithathe izingozi ezinkulu ngezindawo ezigciniwe eziyinhloko zezimali. Lapho amanani ezindlu nokungahleleki kwezindlu nokungahleleki kwezindlu kwenyuka, isimiso sezimali esihlangene nesokuthinte umnotho emhlabeni wonke. Inhlekelele yabonisa indlela ukuhluleka kokulawula kwengxenye eyodwa embulungeni yonke okungageleza ngayo inhlekelele kwezomnotho.

Inkinga Yamanzi Empi

Kusukela ngo-2014, izakhamuzi zaseFlint, eMichigan, zachayeka emazingeni aphakeme ayingozi omthofu emanzini azo okuphuza ngemva kokuba idolobha lishintshwe amanzi ngaphandle kokuphathwa kahle. Izinhlangano eziningi eziqondisayo zahluleka ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana ne-Defit Dreapple Water Act, ukungazinaki izikhalo zezakhamuzi ngokuphakama kwamanzi, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola ephakeme. Inhlekelele yaphumela empilweni ehlala njalo, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezachayeka ukuthoba phakathi nezikhathi zokukhula okunzima. Iyisibonelo esiqinile sendlela ukuhluleka kokulawula ukumelana nokungabi nabulungisa kwendawo ezungezile nokungahambisani imingcele yeze.

Ukuvuleka Kwamafutha Asekujuleni Kwamanzi

Ukwanda komshini wokubhola i-Deep Water Horiyon kanye nokuchitheka kukawoyela okwalandela kwakhipha imigqomo kawoyela engaxutshiwe elinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-4,9 e-Gulf yaseMexico izinsuku ezingu-87. Uphengululo lwembula ukuhluleka okukhulu kokulawula: iMinerals Management Service yasungula ubuhlobo obuseduze nemboni kawoyela, okwaholela ekuyekeni kokuqondisa ukusebenza kokubhola; ukuhlolwa kwendawo ezungezile kwakunganele; futhi iziqondiso zokuphepha zokubhola ulwandle zazingalimele inhlekelele. Umonakalo wemvelo nezomnotho wawumkhulu, wawuthinta imvelo yasolwandle, imiphakathi yezindawo zolwandle, nezindawo zokudoba. Inhlekelele yabangela ukuhlelwa kokucukulwa kogubha, kodwa imibuzo yokusebenza engxenyeni yegesi iyaqhubeka.

Umqedazwe We - opioid

Inhlekelele yeOpioid eUnited States, eye yabulala amakhulu ezinkulungwane zokuphila, imelela ukwehluleka okulawula ukuhlanganisa izinhlangano eziningi nezindawo zezimiso. I-Food and Drug Administration yavuma ama-opioid anamandla agunyaziwe ngaphandle kwezimfuneko ezanele zokuhlolwa kokuphepha ngemva kwe-market. I-Drug Enforcement Administration yahluleka ukuqaphela nokunqanda iziyalezo ezisolisayo zama-opioid amaningi. Amabhodi ezokwelapha ezokwelapha awawalawulanga ngokuphumelelayo imisebenzi. Futhi izinhlangano zikahulumeni zaphuthelwa amathuba okungenela ngokuphindaphindwa kokubulala ngokunyuka. Lokhu kuwohloka okulawula kwakungewona umphumela wephutha elilodwa kodwa ubuthakathaka bokwesimiso sokuqondisa lonke ithuluzi.

Amasu Okuvimbela Ukwehluleka Kokuqondisa

Nakuba ukuhluleka ukuqondisa kungenakuqedwa ngokuphelele — ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwezimiso zesimanje kwenza izinga elithile lokwehluleka okungenakugwenywa — — abakhi bomzimba bangathatha izinyathelo zikakhonkolo zokunciphisa kokubili ukushesha nokuqina kwalo.

Umklamo Wohlelo Olusekelwe Kubufakazi

Imithetho kufanele isekelwe ekuhlaziyweni okuqinile kwezinkinga ezihloselwe ukuzixazulula, izindlela ezikhona zokuzixazulula, nemiphumela yezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kudinga ukugcinwa kokwaziswa, ukubekwa kwezentengiselwano, ukuhlelwa kwezomnotho, nokuhlolwa kohlelo phakathi kwezinhlangano eziqondisayo. Kudinga futhi ukuthobeka ngalokho okwaziwayo nalokhu okuhlala kungaqinisekile, ngezindlela ezakhelwe ukulungisa imithetho njengoba kuvela ubufakazi obusha. Ukuhlola okulawulayo, ukuhlaziya okubiza izindleko zokulungisa i-ebeneatting, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula i-atting kunganikela zonke ekulungiseni okwengeziwe kobufakazi obusekelwe ekwenzeni izinqumo.

Ukuhlanganyela Kwabo Ebangeni Elinenjongo

Umthetho ophumelelayo udinga ukufakwa yilabo abazothonywa yiwo, kuhlanganise nabameleli bezimboni, izinhlangano zomphakathi, izinyunyana zezisebenzi, amaqembu ezindawo ezizungezile, namalungu omphakathi. Ukuthembisana ngecala kufanele kudlulele ngalé kwezikhathi zokusho nje kuphela ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinqubo zokuzinqumela lapho imibono ehlukahlukene izwakala futhi ihlolwe. Lokhu kuthembisa kuthuthukisa ukuklanywa ngokuhlola ukwaziswa okungase kuntuleke, kuphawule imiphumela engalindelekile, kanye nokwakha okusekela ukugcinwa. Kusebenza futhi njengokuhlola ekuthunyeni ukuthathwa kwemibono ehlukahlukeneyo ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho sithakazelo esisodwa silawula lenqubo.

Ukuzimela Nokulandisa

Izinhlangano eziqondisayo zidinga ukuqondisa okunenzuzo kwemikhakha ezizimele ezingahlola ukusebenza kwazo, ukuhluleka kwazo, futhi zituse isinyathelo sokulungisa. Izinhloli jikelele, izinhlangano eziqaphe izimoto, amakomiti okwabelwa kwemithetho, kanye namabhodi azimele awesayensi konke kudlala izindima ezibalulekile. Izimiso zokulandisa kufanele zihlanganise izilinganiso ezicacile, izimfuneko zokubika njalo, nemiphumela ehlala njalo uma umuntu ehluleka. Uma abalawuli bazi umsebenzi wabo uzakucubungulwa, basengozini kakhulu yokulondoloza izindinganiso eziphakeme.

Ukuqondisa Okuvumelana Nezimo Nokushona Kwelanga

Imithetho kufanele ihlanganise izinqubo zokubukeza njalo nokuzivumelanisa njengoba izimo zishintsha. Amalungiselelo adinga ukuba imithetho iphinde ivunyelwe ngemva kwenkathi emisiwe avimbele ukuba imithetho ephelelwe isikhathi ihlale ikhona njalo ezincwadini. Izinqubo zokuhlela izakhi zakha ulwazi nokulungisa inqubo yokuqondisa ngokwayo, ukuvumela izinhlangano ukuba zishintshe imithetho esekelwe ekwazini kokwaziswa nokuvela kolwazi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezijikeleza ngokushesha njengezobuchwepheshe, imali, kanye nokulawula indawo ezungezile.

Ikhono Elinamandla Lokusebenzisa Imishini

Ngisho nemithetho ebekwe kahle kakhulu ayinanjongo ngaphandle kokuqiniswa okufanelekile. Lokhu kusho ukunikeza izinhlangano eziqondisayo ngemali eyanele, ngokusekela, ngokuqeqesha, nangamathuluzi obuchwepheshe okuhlola ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho, ukuphenya, nokubeka izijeziso ezinengqondo. Kusho futhi ukuvikela izisebenzi zokuphoqelelwa ekungeneleni kwezombangazwe nasekuphindiseleni. Ukuphoqeleleni kwemithetho kuvimbela ukungazibambi, ukushaya inkundla yabadlali abanomthwalo wemfanelo, futhi kubonisa ukuthi imithetho inesisindo sangempela.

Ukutholakala kolwazi ngokubona ngale nokuyiyomphakathi

Ukubona gcakasha kuyithuluzi elinamandla lokuvimbela ukuhluleka kokulawula. Uma imininingwane yokuqondisa, izenzo zokuphoqelela, nezinqubo zokwenza izinqumo kuvuleka ukuba kuhlolwe umphakathi, kunzima ukuba ulwelwe ukufihla kuze kufike izilinganiso zenhlekelele. Ukutholakala komphakathi kokwaziswa kusiza futhi izintatheli, abacwaningi, nezinhlangano zobufundisi ukuba zisebenze njengezindawo zangaphandle zokugada, ukusekela ukuqondisa okusemthethweni. Ukuvula ama-data, izingxebe zomthetho, izilinganiso ezisemthethweni zomthetho, kanye namahhosholo okufinyelelayo ukuze kwenziwe konke kube nendawo ezungezile ekhanyayo.

Indima Yemfundo Ekwakheni Ukufundisa

Intuthuko eqinile ezingeni lokuqondisa akudingi nje kuphela izinguquko ezingokwezinqubo kodwa futhi nezakhamuzi eziqonda indlela imithetho esebenza ngayo nokuthi kungani ibalulekile. Imfundo inendima ebalulekile ekwakheni lokhu kufundisa.

Eyunivesithi, izinhlelo zenqubo yomphakathi, ukuqondisa umphakathi, umthetho, nezomnotho kufanele zihlanganise umsebenzi onzima wokuhlela ukuhlelwa, ukuhlelwa, nokuhlolwa. Abafundi kufanele bafunde kokubili impumelelo nokwehluleka, bafunde ukuhlaziya izici ezinquma imiphumela yokuqondisa. Imfundo esekelwe ehlola ukuhluleka kwangempela kokulawula ekujuleni kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono adingekayo ekuhleleni asebenzayo emsebenzini wezimiso.

Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa imishini yamanje nabenzi bezimiso zibaluleke ngokufanayo. Ukuhluleka okuningi kokuqondisa kubangelwa yigebe lolwazi, ukuguquguquka komqondo, noma imikhuba ephelelwe lixesha eqhubekelwa phambili imfundo engayiyichaza. Ukuqeqesha ekuhlaziyweni kwemiphumela, ukuqinisekisa ababambi, icebo lokuqinisekisa, kanye nokulawula ukulawulwa komthetho kufanele kutholakale kuyo yonke imisebenzi yomphathi.

Kumphakathi wonke, imfundo yomphakathi kufanele ihlanganise ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kwendlela izimiso zokuqondisa ezisebenza ngayo nendlela izakhamuzi ezingahlanganyela ngayo nazo. Abantu abakwaziyo ukunikeza izinkulumo ngemithetho ehlongozwayo, indlela yokubika ukuphulwa kwemithetho, nendlela yokuxhumana nabameleli babo abakhethiwe ngezindaba ezilawulwayo ingcono ukuba igcine isimiso sinecala. Ukufunda i Media nakho kubalulekile: izakhamuzi kudingeka zikwazi ukuhlaziya izindleko nezinzuzo, ziqaphele ukuthi iziphi izimpikiswano ezisekelwe ebufakazini nasebusweni lapho zifeza khona izithakazelo ezithile.

Isiphetho: Ukuze Kuvuselelwe Inguquko Engeziwe

Ukwehluleka komthetho akunakugwenywa, kodwa ukuqonda izimbangela zokuhluleka kokulawula, imithombo eyanele, nokuzithoba kwezindawo. Izindleko zokwehluleka . Zilinganiswe ekuphileni okulahlekileyo, indawo ezungezile ewohlokile, izomnotho entengantengayo, kanye nokuthembana kunciphe kakhulu ukuba kwamukele ukuthi kuyimiphumela engenakugwenywa yokubusa. Ngokuqonda izimbangela eziyisisekelo zokuhluleka ukuqondisa, ukufunda emaphutheni angaphambili, nokusebenzisa amasu obufakazi asekelwe ekuthuthukiseni, abenzi bezimiso bangakha izimiso zokulawula eziqinile, eziphumelela kakhulu, futhi ezifanelekela kakhulu ukukhonzwa komphakathi. Umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa imithetho awuqedishwa, kodwa ufanele ukwenze njalo.

Ukuze ufunde ngokuqhubekayo ngenqubo yokuqondisa nokuguqula, hlola imithombo ye- kaHarvard Kennedy Program yeSikole sobuProgramu be-FLT:1], i- [[FLT:] Mercatus Center's Regalation Studies Program[, kanye ne- Commonwelity Ombursman's's umsebenzi wokuhluleka kwemithetho ekwahlulekeni kwezehlulele'i-[. Lezinhlangano zinikeza ukuhlaziywe okubanzi kokuphumelela kwemithetho nokuhluleka, zinikeza imithombo ewusizo kunoma ubani owenziwa ukuthuthukisa imiphumelelo yomphakathi.