Table of Contents

Imithetho Kahulumeni Evulekile Isekelwe Kuyo Yonke Imithetho Egunyazwayo

Imithetho yokubonisana, eyaziwa kakhulu njengenkululeko yokwaziswa (FOI) imisebenzi noma ukufinyelela ukwaziswa (ATI), iyizimiso ezingokomthetho ezinikeza izakhamuzi ilungelo lokuhlola nokuthola amakhophi emibhalo egcinwe yizindikimba zomphakathi. Lemithetho iguqula isimo sikahulumeni esimisiwe ekusithekeni ekuthumbeni, imisa umsebenzi ongokomthetho ukuze izinhlangano zidalule ukwaziswa ngaphandle kokuba kusetshenziswe ukukhululeka okuqondile okucacisiwe. Isimiso esiyisisekelo siwukuthi ulwazi lukahulumeni lungabantu, futhi umthwalo usokuhulumeni ukuthethelela ukukuthula, hhayi isakhamuzi ukuqinisekisa isidingo sokukubona.

Imithetho yanamuhla yokuveza izakhiwo inikeza igunya lokuthola ukwaziswa okusheshayo, [1] icela izinhlangano ezithile ukuba zinyathelise izigaba ezithile zokwaziswa njalo ngaphandle kokulinda isicelo − esiwumsebenzi wesicelo. Zidala futhi izindikimba ezizimele zobungameli, njengekhomishane yokwaziswa, ukuphikisana nokugcinwa. Ngonyaka wonke amazwe angaphezu kuka-120 aye athatha uhlobo oluthile lwemithetho ye-FOI, ebonisa ukuqashelwa okukhulu ukuthi izakhamuzi ezifundile ziyikhokhisi lokuzimela.

Nokho, ukuba khona nje komthetho akuqinisekisi ukuthi ukuphumelela kwanoma yimuphi umbuso we-FOI kuxhomeke ekuklanyweni kwawo, ekusetshenzisweni nasekutholweni kwawo ngokwesiko phakathi kwe-computer. Izici ezifana nokuhlanganisa, ukuqina kokungadingi, ijubane lokusabela, izindleko zezicelo, kanye nokuzimela kwezimiso zonke zinquma ukuthi umthetho unika izakhamuzi amandla noma uhlala uyincwadi efile.

Indima Ephawulekayo Yomthetho Wokubonisana Emphakathini Osebenzisa Intando Yeningi

Imithetho yokubonisana ayisebenzi nje njengezinqubo zokuphatha kodwa njengemishini yempilo yentando yeningi. Imisebenzi yayo idlulela ngalé kokukhululwa kwencwadi nje.

Ukulandisa Nokuphatha

Ngezinga eliyisisekelo kakhulu, imithetho yokubonana iphoqelela izikhulu zikahulumeni ukuba zenze sengathi izinqumo zazo zizakuhlolisiswa. Lokhu kungumphumela onamandla kakhulu wokulwa nokuziphatha okuzimele noma kokuzilawula. Uma izikhulu, izisebenzi zomphakathi, nezinhlangano ziyazi ukuthi izivumelwano, izivumelwano, izivumelwano, nemisebenzi yangaphakathi zizakukhutshwa emphakathini, zicishe zilandele izinqubo ezifanele, zigweme izingxabano zesithakazelo, futhi zibhale ngokwethembeka. Imithombo yezindaba, imihlola, ne-Ognogs ixhomeke ku-FOI izicelo zokuveza imfucucucucu, ukukhwaba, nokuxhaphaza umphakathi, kanye nokukhuthulula intengo esendaweni ezungezile efihlekile.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Okunolwazi

Idemokrasi idinga okungaphezu kokhetho lwezikhathi ezithile; idinga okuqhubekayo, ukuthembisana ngolwazi. Imithetho yokubonisana ihlomisela izakhamuzi ukwaziswa okudingekayo ukuze zihlole izihlongozo zenqubo, inselele yokuphikisa okunephutha, futhi ineqhaza ngokunenjongo ezimpikiswaneni zomphakathi. Iqembu elicabangela umthetho omusha wokuhlela zingacela izifundo zezimoto, ukuhlola imiphumela yendawo ezungezile, nemizuzu yokuhlangana ukuqonda ukuthengwa kokwaziswa okunjalo. Ngaphandle kokuthola ukwaziswa okunjalo, ukuthatha isinyathelo kuba yize, inqubo yombono engenabufakazi.

Ukuthembana Kulungisa Futhi Kube Yizintambo

Trust in government has eroded in many democracies. Transparency is a partial antidote. When governments voluntarily disclose information and respond openly to requests, they signal that they have nothing to hide. Over time, this openness can rebuild legitimacy, especially after scandals or crises. Conversely, secrecy breeds suspicion; citizens assume the worst when information is withheld. A transparent government can demonstrate that it is acting in the public interest, thereby earning the social license necessary for effective governance.

Ukuvimbela Ukonakala Nokuphumelela Kwakho

Inkohlakalo ichuma ebumnyameni. Imithetho ebonisayo ikhanyisa ukuhlangana kwamandla omphakathi nemali yakho siqu. Ukufakwa kwezindawo ezizuzisayo zokubhalisa, izivumelwano zomphakathi, iminikelo yezombangazwe, nezimemezelo zempahla zezikhulu konke kugunyazwa yizakhiwo ze-FOI. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-Transparency International ziwabeka ngokuqhubekayo amazwe anemithetho eqinile yokufinyelela kulwazi njengonakele kakhulu. Ilungelo elingokomthetho lokucela ukwaziswa livumela abafuthali bempetha ukuba baveze ubufakazi ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindisela, bazi ukuthi umthetho uvikela ukuthi bawabo kanye nesicelo ngokwaso.

Izici Eziyinhloko Ezenza Noma Ephula Umthetho Obonisa Ukubona Kwangaphandle

Nakuba isimo semithetho yeFOI sihlukahluka, izici ezithile ziyizimpawu zendawo yonke zombuso ophumelelayo. Ukuqonda lezici kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlole umthetho wezwe lazo futhi zisekele izindawo ezifuna inguquko.

Ilungelo Lokufinyelela Ngaphandle Kwesidingo Sesabelo

Umthetho oqinile wokubona kahle usho ngokucacile ukuthi noma ubani `ungacela ukwaziswa kunoma yimuphi umzimba womphakathi ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuthi kungani ufuna lokhu. Lokhu kususa izithiyo ezinjengokufuna "isithakazelo esingenakuphikwa" noma ukuphikelela ekubeni isakhamuzi, eminye imibuso yempoqo eyisebenzisayo ukuze inciphise izicelo.

Okucacile Nokuhlanganisa Okubanzi

Umthetho kufanele uhlanganise wonke amagatsha kahulumeni − ukubulala, ukushaya umthetho, nokwahlulela − kanye nezinkampani ezizimele zikahulumeni, izindikimba ezithola izimali zomphakathi, nezinhlangano ezizimele ezenza imisebenzi yomphakathi. Ukukhipha zonke izigaba, njengezinhlangano zobuhlakani noma ihhovisi lomphathi omkhulu, kwenza izikhundla ezilondekile zokufihla.

Imingcele Eqinile, Elinganiselwe

Intethelelo kumelwe ibe incane, icace, futhi ifaneleke ekuhlolweni komphakathi. Ukungakhululeki okungokomthetho kuhlanganisa ukulondeka kwesizwe, ukuzifihla komuntu siqu, imfihlo yezentengiselwano, nezinqubo zangaphakathi ezikhubazekayo. Nokho, imithetho ebuthakathaka ihlanganisa ukukhulula okuphelele njenge "isithakazelo somhlaba" noma "impumelelo kahulumeni," engasetshenziswa kabi ukuze igodlwe cishe noma yini. Umthetho oqinile udinga amanxusa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudalula kungabangela "ukulimala okungalawuleki" nokuthi lokhu kulimaza kudlula isithakazelo somphakathi ekukhulumeni.

Izikhathi Ezinengqondo Nezifebe Ezinengqondo

Ngaphandle kwezicelo ezifinyelelwe, izicelo zingahlala zikhona. Imithetho ephumelelayo inikeza imingcele eqinile yesikhathi, [1] Izinsuku ezingu-15 kuya kwezingu-30 zokusebenza (ezinezijeziso zokungalibali). Amafeye kufanele alinganiselwe ezindlekweni zokuzala ezikweleyidi; akhokhela ukuseshwa okukhulu noma izindleko zokubukeza intengo ngokuphumelelayo. Eminye imithetho esebenza kahle inikeza intengo ekhokhelwayo yezicelo zomphakathi.

Ukugada Nokukhanga Okunamandla

Umthetho wokubona izinto unamandla ngokusebenza kwawo. Ikhomishane yezokwaziswa ezimele noma i-ambudsman enamandla okuhlola izikhalo, ukunikeza ukuhleleka, nezinhlangano ezinhle ezingahambisani ne-operant ibalulekile. Inqubo yokunxusa kumele ibe khululekile noma iphansi kakhulu futhi akumelwe ifune ummeli. Ezimisweni eminingi, izinqumo zekhomishane ziwukugcina, ihlolwe kuphela ukubukezwa kokwahlulela.

Imibono Yomhlaba Wonke: Indlela Imithetho Yokubona Ngokubona Okucace Ngayo Ehluke Ngayo Emhlabeni Wonke

Ukuhlola izibonelo eziphambili nezingasheshi zembula umphumela ongokoqobo wokuklanywa okungokomthetho, naphezu kwezimiso ezihlanganyelwe, kushintsha ngendlela ephawulekayo.

ISweden: Iphayona Lokukhululeka

I- Inkululeko yoMthetho we-Press (1766) ingumthetho wokubona wezwe omdala kakhulu. Yamisa ilungelo lomthetho-sisekelo lokungena emabhukwini angokomthetho nasekwenqabeni kokucubungula. Ngokusho kwasekuqaleni, i-Sweden yaqala futhi isimiso se- i-aflighitchinpulcipen[[ [isimiso sokungena komphakathi], esisebenza kuzo zombili izincwadi nakwenziswa kwemithetho yenkantolo. Le ndawo ejulile isho ukuthi izikhulu zase-Sweden azivamile ukumelana nezicelo, futhi isimiso sisebenza ngenqubo ephansi.

ENdiya: Ukunika Izakhamuzi Amandla Ngesimiso Semithetho Esifanele

I-Indiya's Esokudla kuMthetho wolwazi (2005) ingenye yezinamandla kakhulu emazweni asathuthuka. Isebenza kuzo zonke iziphathimandla zomphakathi phakathi, umbuso, namazinga endawo, ihlanganisa amaqembu ezombangazwe, futhi ibeka imikhawulo yezikhathi eziqinile. Isici sayo esisha esinguhlelo ilungiselelo [[[[FLT:]] [[FLT]]] [[FLT]]] [izikhulu ze-datation zingaba izikhulu ezinhle phezulu kuya ku-255 000 zokwenqaba noma ukulibala okungenamthethwe. Lenqubo yokulandisa iguqulela isimilo inguquko isimilo se-Indiangreast colution futhi inikwe izigidi zezakhamuzi ezimpofu ukuba zifune izicelo zazo.

I - United States: Umthetho Wokulinganisela

I-U.S. Inkululeko yoMthetho wokwaziswa (1966) iyitshe lesisekelo lokubusa kwaseMelika kodwa iye yaba yisisithembu esinzima kakhulu. Nakuba ifuna ukuba izinhlangano zithathe isinyathelo futhi zifune amanxusa ukuba aphendule ezinsukwini ezingu-20 zokusebenza, iqiniso liwukuthi izicelo eziningi zibhekene nokulibala iminyaka ngenxa yokungalawuli izisekeli zemali nesimiso sokukhulula imvume ye-rabyteine. Ukungakhululeki okukhulu yilungelo lenqubo yenqubo yezenqubo yomthetho," izinhlangano ezivame ukuhlohla izingxoxo zemithetho. I-FOIA Reveloption Act ka-2016 yaqinisa ukufaneleka kokusebenza kokukhululeka, kodwa ukusebenza kuhlala kungafanelekile.

IChina: Ukubona Ingaphandle Ngaphandle Kokulandisa

I-China yamisa imithetho yayo ye-Open Government Information (2008) njengengxenye yezinguquko zokuphatha ezibanzi. Nakuba idinga amanxusa ukuze anyathelise ukwaziswa okuthile futhi amukele izicelo, umthetho ucindezelwa ngokukhishwa kwecala kwe "izimfihlo zesifunda" nokungaqondisi okuzimele. Umphumela uba ukubonakala obala okunganikezi izakhamuzi amandla anele noma okugcina izikhulu zinecala elingu-(*) lokuveza isilinganiso sobukhomba-adeshi lapho ukudaba kusebenza khona ukuphamba kwezwe kunoma ukuqondisa kwentando yeningi.

EUnited Kingdom: Isithakazelo Somphakathi Siyadlala

I-UK's Inkululeko yolwazi Act (2000) isebenza kuziphathimandla zomphakathi ezingaphezu kuka 100 000. Isici esiphawulekayo yisithakazelo sikawonke [ isithakazelo sikawonke [[ senkululeko ethile: ngisho noma ukwaziswa kungena esigabeni esingavinjelwa, kumelwe kukhululwe uma isithakazelo somphakathi sokudalula sidlula umonakalo. IKhomisha yolwazi ye-UK' ulwazi luyi-aregister eqinile, kodwa i-Money iye yazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukukhipha ukuhoxa okukhethekile kwesinqumo semali sangaphakathi, ukusola abamele ukubonakala.

Izinselele Ekugcwalisekeni: Isizathu Sokuba Ngisho Nemithetho Emihle Ihluleke

Ukudlulisa umthetho wokubona ngale kuyingxenye elula. Ukwenza umsebenzi kudinga ukunqoba izithiyo zesikhungo esijulile namasiko.

Ukumelana Nempucuko Phakathi Kwemibuso Yaseburhulumenteni

Izisebenzi eziningi zezakhamuzi zaqeqeshwa enkathini yokufihla imfihlo futhi zavezwa njengosongo egunyeni noma edumeleni. Zingase zihlehlise ngamabomu ukusabela, zifake izicelo ezikhululekile, noma zimane nje zingazinaki izicelo. Ukuguqula lelisiko kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukuhola okuqinile okuvela phezulu, nesimiso sokuqondisa umsebenzi esivuza ukuvuleka kwecala kunokuba sijezise amaphutha avezwa yimbubhiso.

Ukungaqashelwa Nokwehluleka Komphakathi

Izakhamuzi eziningi azinalo ilungelo elingokomthetho lokucela ukwaziswa, ingasaphathwa eyokwenza. Emazweni amaningi, inqubo yesicelo ihlala iyinkimbinkimbi, idinga ukukhonzwa okubhaliwe, ukuchazwa okuqondile kwezincwadi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukukhokhwa kwenkokhelo. Izinhlangano zomphakathi njengo 19 Ilungelo lokucela ulwazi olusemthethweni [ kanye nemifelandawo yokubona ifeza indima ebalulekile ekufundiseni izakhamuzi nasekunikezeni usizo lwe-probon ezicelweni eziphakeme.

Izimiso Zemithombo Yezinto Nezigaba Zokubusa

Ukuhlela izicelo ze-FOI kungenisa inzuzo. Izimo zokuhlolwa kumele zithole amabhukwana, zibukeze amafaktha, izingxenye ezizwelayo, nezimpendulo ezingokomthetho. Eziqondisweni zemali, ikakhulukazi emazingeni endawo, kungase kungabikho isikhulu esinikezelwe se-FOI futhi kungabikho uhlelo lokugcinwa kwemali. Ngaphandle kokutshala izimali ezimisweni zanamuhla zokuphatha ulwazi nezisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe, ilungelo lolwazi liba yinzuzo kunokuba libe yikho ukusebenza.

Ukuxhashazwa Abaceli Abanobuqili

Idlanzana labaceli lisebenzisa imithetho ye-FOI ukuhlukumeza izinhlangano ngezicelo ezinkulu, ezingaqondisi lutho noma ukuphinda isicelo esifanayo ngokungapheli. Nakuba impendulo kungamele ilulaze ilungelo elingokomthetho lokungena, imithetho eminingi manje ihlanganisa amalungiselelo okwenqaba "ukuzisola" noma "ukungacabangeli". Ukulinganisela okulungile phakathi kokuvimbela ukuxhashazwa nokuvikelwa kuyinselele eqhubekayo.

Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yokubonisa Ukubonakala: Kusuka Ekuvuselelweni Kuya Ekusebenzeni

Ukuze badlulele ngalé kobuthakathaka bezimiso ezisekelwe ekuceleni, ohulumeni nabasekeli kufanele basebenzise amasu aqinisekisiwe.

Ucwecwe olusasebenza njengephutha

Izimiso zokubona eziphumelela kakhulu zinciphisa isidingo sezicelo zomuntu ngamunye ngokushicilela ulwazi njalo. Okungcono kakhulu ukudala ukunyatheliswa kwemininingwane ephakathi: ukuhlelwa kwemali nokusetshenziswa kwayo, ukuthengwa kwemali, ukukhokhwa, amaholo kahulumeni, imizuzu yomhlangano, imibiko yendawo ezungezile, nokuphethwa kwenani. Amakhatheli anjenge-U.S. Data. .Data.[ kanye nama-UK' [FLT]data.'.'''uk uk [FT:3] uveza indlela amapulatime avuliweyo angaguqula ngayo ukubonakala emthonjeni esuka kumthwalo abe yindawo yokuthuthukisa nokulandisa nokulandisa.

Ukubona ngale Okuqiniswe ngobuchwepheshe

Amathuluzi emishini anganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukukhuhlana kokukhanya. Izicelo ze-Online zivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zingenise futhi zithathe izicelo ze-octal, kanye nezinhlangano ukuba zizilawule kahle. Izifundo zemishini zingasiza ekuhleleni amabhukwana okuhlola ukukhulula, futhi amathuluzi okuvuselela asebenza ngemishini asheshise ukuqhubekeka. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa obufana ne-backingchain-regist [ yezihloko zezwe nezivumelwano zomphakathi zinikeza amarekhodi okuvimbela ukunqanda ukupheka. Nokho, ubuchwepheshe buyimishini ekwazi ukwenza iziteshi ezintsha ezifakiweyo zokuthola okungenayo noma abasebenzisi asebe abadala.

Ukuqinisa Ukuphatha Nokuphoqelelwa

Abakhomishane bolwazi abazimele kumelwe babe nemali eyanele, izisebenzi, namandla omthetho okuphoqelela ukuthobela. Kufanele banyathelise imibiko yaminyaka yonke ngemisebenzi yezezimali, baphawule abakhangisi abangapheli, futhi babe negunya lokuphonsa izinhlawulo ezibalulekile. iHhovisi lika-Canada ye-Information Commissioner inikeza isibonelo esiwusizo ngemisebenzi yalo yokwenza uhlelo kanye ne-ombudsman.

Ukuthuthukisa Umkhuba Wokukhulumisana

Imithetho iyodwa ayinakushintsha ukuziphatha. Ohulumeni kufanele bafake izimali ekuqeqesheni okuphoqelelwe iFOI kuzo zonke izisebenzi zomphakathi, bahlanganise ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi, futhi baqaphele obala izinhlangano ezinemibhalo eyisibonelo yokulalela. Ukuhola ezingeni lezombangazwe kubucayi: lapho izikhonzi nezinkampani zisekela ukuthulula izifuba, isigijimi siyahla.

Ukuhlanganyela Umphakathi Wabezakhamuzi Njengabangane

Ukubona ngaphaya kwangaphandle kuwumzamo obambisanayo. Ohulumeni kufanele bathintane nabasekeli bokukhanya lapho benza noma behlela umthetho okhombayo, banikeze iminikelo ye-FOI yokufinyelela izinhlelo, futhi basebenzelane nezintatheli ukuze bakhe iziqondisi zobungane. Izinhlangano ezinjenge- Opengate Government shart [ inikeza uhlelo lohulumeni nomphakathi ukuze benze ngokuvumelana ekushintsheni kokuya obala.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Imithetho Ebonisa Ingaphandle Iyasebenza

Ukuhlola imiphumela yangempela yezwe kwembula umphumela osobala wemithetho yokubonisana.

Indlela I - FOI Edalula Ngayo Isimo Esibucayi Samanzi Angenalutho

Ngo-2014, izikhulu zaseMichigan zashintsha idolobha laseFlint ukuba lingene emfuleni iFlint ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokulawula ukudleka. Imibiko yamuva yokufakwa koshevu womthofu yahoxiswa ekuqaleni. Ama-unigator asebenzisa i-Freedood of Information Act kaMichigan ukuze athole ama-imeyili, imisebenzi, nokuphuza imiphumela yokuhlola amanzi eyabonisa ukuthi izikhulu zikahulumeni zazikwazi ukungcoliswa kodwa zayivimba imininingwane. I-FOA-driven yaveza izikhalo zobugebengu, isimo sesimo sesimo esiphuthumayo, kanye nesabelo sobuzwe samaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-600. Lokhu kubonisa indlela ukubonakala kokukhanya okungaphoqa ngayo ukulandisa lapho iminyango yezikhulu ihluleka.

I-RTI Act yaseNdiya kanye nelungelo lokudla

Ilungelo laseNdiya lokwaziswa lisetshenziselwa ukudalula ukuphambanisa okusanhlamvu okungangeni emasimini okuhloselwe imikhaya empofu ngaphansi kwesimiso sokusakaza somphakathi. Abasebenzi baseRajasthan bafaka izicelo ze-RTI ukuze bathole uhlu lokunikezwa kwempahla, bese bephenya ngokuphambanisa nemali engokoqobo. Bathola ukukhwabanisa okusakazeke kakhulu, kuhlanganise nokuzuza iziphakamiso nokudla okuthengiswa emakethe emnyama. Ukukhala komphakathi okwabangela ukuphoqelelwa ukuba kwenziwe izinguquko, kuhlanganise nokuhlelwa kwezimiso zesimiso nokuqinisekiswa kwemisebe. I-RTI Act yaguqula isimiso semibono saba yimithetho esemthethweni egunyazwe izigidi.

Ukubona ngaphandle kwe-Sweden kanye namaphethi e-Panama

Imithetho enamandla yokubonana kweSweden yenza ukuba izintatheli zikwazi ukufinyelela ngokushesha amarekhodi kahulumeni ahlobene nePanama Papers evuzayo. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, izintatheli zaseSweden zasebenzisa imibhalo engokomthetho ukuze ziphawule izakhamuzi ngama-akhawunti angaphandle kogu, zambula amasu okuphepha intela phakathi kwezikhulu zezentengiselwano ezidumile zezebhizinisi nabezombangazwe. Ijubane nokujula kokuhlola, kwenziwa kube nokwenzeka ngokuthola kalula izakhiwo nezincwadi zezezinkampani, kwacindezela uhulumeni ukuba agweme umthetho ovimbela ukuvinjelwa kwentela nokuvala izikhala.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo: Ukuthambekela Okuvundlile Ekwayaleni Okubonisayo

Ukukhanya kwezwe kuyashintsha ngenxa yokushintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukushintsha kwezombangazwe nezenhlalo.

Ukubona Imithetho Kahulumeni Ngokubona Kahle Nokulandisa

Njengoba ohulumeni beqhubeka besebenzisa amanani emithetho elawula izinqumo ezithinta ukuncitshiswa kwesigwebo, inhlalakahle, i-polissal, nokuqashwa, kunesidingo esikhulayo sokubonakala ngokukhululekile kulezi "bhokisi elimnyama" zimiso. Imithetho emisha enjenge-EU' Act Intelligistic Act [ idinga ukuvezwa kokwaziswa kokuqeqesha, ukuqonda kobungcweti, nokuhlola kobungcweti, nokuhlola imiphumela yokusebenzisa i-triki ephezulu. I-Norway ne-Netherlands imise imithetho enikeza izakhamuzi ilungelo lokuqonda ukuthi izinqumo ze-algoriths ezithinta kanjani. Umngcele olandelayo awuyona nje imibhalo kodwa izimpawu.

Ukubona Impahla Ngendlela Ezuzisayo

Ukufihla ukuthi obani ngempela abanezinkampani, abathembisi, nezindawo kwenza ukuba imali ithunjwe, intela, kanye nezimali ezingekho emthethweni. Ukuphendula, iEU, i-UK, kanye nezinye izifundazwe eziningi manje zidinga amaphepha asemthethweni obala abaphathi abawusizo. I-Comporate Transparency Act (202) i-U.U.S. igunyaza ukuba izinkampani zibike abanikazi bazo abawusizo eMnyango wezimali. Lezi zibhaliso ziwuhlobo olusha lokuveza ukubonakala okuqhubekayo okuyo okuzobuyisela ukulandisa kwezekwembulunga yonke.

Isimo Sezulu Nokusizungezile

Ukuphuthuma kwenqubo yesimo sezulu kudinga ukuqashelwa okuphoqelelwe kokudalulwa kwemininingwane yezinhlangano zenkampani negesi kahulumeni, izingozi zesimo sezulu, kanye nokuhlobana kwendawo ezungezile. UMmandla eMsebenzi eMhlabeni wezentengiselwano (TCFD) izakhiwo zesakhiwo ziqiniswe yimishini yabalawuli emhlabeni wonke. Imithetho yokuqhaqhaqhazela eFrance nase-New Zealand idinga kokubili izinhlangano zomphakathi nezezomuntu ukuba ziveze amacebo okuguqula isimo sezulu nemibiko yentuthuko. Izindawo ezisimo esisimo sezulu ziqiniswa ukuhlanganisa imininingwane yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukubhalisa ukungcola, nokunikeza ukwaziswa okungantengi.

Ilungelo Lokwaziswa Lasendaweni Yonke Njengelungelo Lomuntu

IKomiti yamaLungelo eZizwe Ezihlangene iqinisekise ukuthi ilungelo lokuthola ukwaziswa licacile eSiphakameni 19 se- International parant on Civil and Political Rights [ [inkululeko yokuveza izimpawu]. Lokhu kuthola imvume: izinkantolo ezisezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ziye zaqaphela ilungelo lomthetho-mthethweni lokungena, zisunduza ohulumeni ukuba bathathe imithetho eqinile ngisho nangaphandle kwesenzo somthetho-mthetho-mthetho. Ukuthambekela kukwenza ukuba kubonakale hhayi nje ilungelo lomthetho kodwa ilungelo lomuntu eliyisisekelo.

Isiphetho: Ukubona Okucace Kakhulu Njengomkhuba Oqhubekayo, Akuwona Umthetho Ezincwadini

Imithetho yokubona ibalulekile kuhulumeni ovulekile, kodwa ayiyona i-odoli ezihlukanisayo. Iphepha elibhalwe ephepheni aliqinisekisi ukuthi isakhamuzi esisedolobhaneni elikude singathola isiqu sephepha, noma ukuthi intatheli ingathola isivumelwano esinzima ngaphambi kokuba iprojekthi iphele. Igebe phakathi kwesithembiso esingokomthetho nokusebenza kulapho kwenzeka khona ukuhluleka okukhulu kokubona ukukhanya. Ukuveza lelogebe kudinga ukufunwa umphakathi okuqhubekayo, ukuqapha umphakathi, ukufaneleka nokwengamele kahle kwezelulekwa kwezindawo, kanye nokushintshela kwezempucuko ehulumeni ukuze ibone ukuthi ukuvuleka kunamandla kunokuba kube yikho ukuhluleka.

Njengoba singena shí enkathini yolwazi, umbuzo awusekho ukuthi ohulumeni kufanele babonakale kanjani, kodwa indlela yokuklama izinhlelo ezenza ukuba ukukhanya okuzenzekelayo kutholakale, kungene, futhi kusebenze. Amazwe aphumelelayo ayoba yilawo abheka ukubonakala ngaphandle njengomthwalo ohambisanayo kodwa njengemisebenzi eyisisekelo elawulayo, qhamisa izakhamuzi, futhi ekugcineni enze uhulumeni asebenze kangcono kubo bonke abantu.