Ikhomba eliyikhomba lentando yeningi emelelwa abameleli, indlela izakhamuzi eziphathisa ngayo igunya, isimiso sokwakheka, futhi zibheka abaholi njengeyokulandisa. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, imiphakathi iye yazama izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokufaka amabhola, ngayinye ibonisa amandla obuchwepheshe, izinto eziza kuqala, i-social comssion, nokungalawuleki kwenkathi yayo. Kusukela ekuphakamiseni izandla kalula e-Athene yasendulo kuya ekusebenziseni izilinganiso zanamuhla eziyinkimbinkimbi, inselele: indlela yokuklama efinyelelekayo, eqinisekile, ephumelelayo, ephumelelayo. Ayikho indlela eyodwa ephelele; ukuphatha ukuhweba okungashintshi okuthinta ukuhlanganyela kovota, ukuvota, ukuthembeka, nokuthemba umphakathi.

Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlolwa okucophelelayo kwezindlela ezintathu zokuvota ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni namuhla − ukuvota, ukuvota ngeposi, nokuvota nge-electronic. Sizohlola amandla nobuthakathaka bendlela ngayinye, sihlole ukusebenza okuyinhloko, futhi sicabangele indlela izimo ezingafani ezingase zikhetheke ngayo kunenye. Ngokuqonda lendlela yokukhetha, izakhamuzi, izikhulu zokhetho, kanye nabakhi bemithetho zingathatha izinqumo eziqondiswe kakhulu ngezimiso ezilawula idemocratic.

E-Person Voting

Kuvota ngokuvota − lapho izakhamuzi ziya endaweni yokuvota emisiwe futhi ziphonse amavoti azo ngosuku lokhetho (noma phakathi nenkathi yokuvota yokuqala)) zenza indlela ejwayelekile nesekelwe ngokomlando edemokrasini eningi. Kuyisisekelo esisekelayo lapho ezinye izindlela ezintsha zivame ukulinganiswa khona.

Imiphumela YasePerson

  • Ubufakazi obuqinisekile kanye nokuqiniseka kovoti. Abavoti bathola isiqinisekiso esisheshayo sokuthi ibhola labo eliyibhola limukelwe futhi libekwe endaweni ebanzi. Akukho ukukhathazeka ngokubambezela iposi noma amagilishi obuchwepheshe. Kwabaningi, isenzo esingokoqobo sokufaka i-collet sinikeza umuzwa ongokwengqondo wokuvala nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ivoti yabo ibalulekile.
  • [ Osiza abavoti. Izisebenzi zobumpofu zikhona ukuze zisize ngokuhumusha ulimi, amathuluzi okuthola, kanye nemibuzo nge-colot. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo kubavoti abangase bangajwayelene nezimpikiswano eziyinkimbinkimbi noma abakhubazekile okwenza ukuvota kube nzima.
  • Ukuqinisekiswa kwesibonakaliso. Ukuvota kudinga ukuveza ukukhomba okusemthethweni kukahulumeni okugunyaziwe, okusebenza njengesithiyo esinamandla sokuvimbela ukukhwabanisa. Izisebenzi ezisebenza ngokuphamba zingadlula izignesha ezisayinwe, amakheli, nemiqulu evotayo ngesikhathi sangempela, ukunciphisa ingozi yokuziguqula noma ukuvota okuningi.
  • [ Ingozi yokungangeni i-cobural securefication. Ngenxa yokuthi amabhola afakwa emithonjeni engokoqobo futhi abalwa ngaphansi kokuqashelwa ngokuqondile, ukuvota kwangaphakathi kugonyelwe kakhulu ekuhlaseleni okukude kwe-inthanethi. Ngisho nalapho imishini ye-electronic isetshenziswa, izinhlelo zekhompathimenti kunzima ukuyekethisa i-compat kanye namapulatifomu asemapulatifomu asemaphethelweni olayini.

Amaqoqo Angaphakathi KwePerson Voting

  • Imingcele yokuthola. Imishini ekhubazeka ngokomzimba, labo abangenazo izinto zokuhamba ezithembekile, noma abantu abanezimiso ezifuna umsebenzi ezinzima bangase bakuthole kunzima ukufinyelela indawo yokuvota phakathi namahora okusebenza. Imiphakathi yasemaphandleni ingahamba amabanga amade, kanti amagceke asemadolobheni angahlushwa ukuswelakala kwemishini.
  • Imigqa ede bese ulinda izikhathi. Okhethweni oluphezulu, imigqa inganwebeka amahora, inqande ukuhlanganyela futhi ithinte ngokungenakulinganiswa izisebenzi ezihola amahora, izisebenzi ezisebenza ngeshifu, nabanakekeli abangakwazi ukulinda.
  • Izindawo zokugcona zingaba izindawo zokuphikisana kwezombangazwe. Ngisho nanemithetho emelene nokhetho, abavoti bangase bazizwe becindezelwe noma besatshiswa abavoti, abavukeli, noma ababukeli abanonya.
  • [[FLT: 0] Impatho yokuphatha i-ifficiencies. Ukuphatha izindawo zokuvota okungokoqobo kudinga izisebenzi eziphawulekayo, imishini, nohlelo lokuhlela. Amaphutha ekusebenzeni, imishini ephakanyisiwe, noma izinguquko zendawo yokugcina zingasusa abavoti.

Izinguquko ezinjengokuvota kwasekuqaleni, amahora engeziwe, ukuvota ngapha nangapha, nezinhlangano zokuvota ezihamba ngezimoto kuye kwasiza ekunciphiseni ezinye zalezizingqinamba, kodwa ukuvimbela ukugcinwa kwemithombo yezimali nokuncishiswa kwezombangazwe kuyaqhubeka kulinganisela ukutholwa kwabo emikhakheni eminingi.

Ukusakaza Iposi

Ukuvota ngeposi − ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvota okungekhoyo uma kuceliwe, noma ukuvota ngeposi uma kuqhutshwa emhlabeni wonke(-) kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zithole i-copt ngeposi, ziyiqedele ngokuzivumelanisa, futhi ziyibuyise ngeposi noma ngebhokisi lokulahla. Indlela iye yabona ukwanda okuphawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVOVAD-19, futhi manje iyinqubo eyinhloko yokuvota eU.S. amazwe namazwe anjenge-Switzerland ne-New Zealand.

Amaprojekthi Okuthumela Iposi Ngokusakaza

  • Ukuvota nokukhushulelwa kwe-pane. Ngokususa isidingo sokuya endaweni yokuvota ngosuku oluthile, ukuvota ngeposi kususa isithiyo esikhulu emikhayeni ematasa, abafundi, izisebenzi ezishintshayo, nabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezikude. Ukuhlola kubonisa njalo ukuthi zonke izivoteli zeposi ziveza ukuvota, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamaqembu akhona ngokomlando angaphansi kwesikhundla.
  • Isinqumo esisusiwe sokwenza isikhathi. Imishini ingathatha izinsuku noma amasonto kubacwaningi, izifundo, futhi ixoxe nomkhaya ngaphambi kokudweba ibhola labo. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yezinqumo ezisukile noma ezingakahlelwa kahle ezenziwa edokodweni lokuvota.
  • Izinzuzo zempilo. Phakathi nobhadane noma ezinye izimo eziphuthumayo zempilo, ukuvota ngeposi kuqeda ukuhlangana okuminyene ngaphakathi futhi kunciphise ukudluliselwa kwezifo. Kuvikela futhi abantu abathola igciwane elizinzile kanye nasebekhulile abangase bafake engozini ukuchayeka.
  • Umthwalo wokuphatha wenani. Ngenkathi uhlelo lwangaphambili lunzima, izifunda ezishintshela ekuvoteni iposi yonke ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izindawo zokuvota ezifinyelelwayo ezikwehlelayo ezingeni eliphansi, ukunciphisa izisebenzi nemishini kubiza isikhathi.

Imininingwane yeposi ngokusakaza

  • [[FLT: 0] Izibambezelo zeLogastic nevoloti ezilahlekile. Ukwethembeka komsebenzi weposi kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Amabhola angabambezelelwa, alahleke, noma athunyelwe ekhelini elingafanele. Emijahweni eqinile, amabhola afika ngasekupheleni kwenkathi yokuqalisa izimpikiswano ezingokomthetho anganquma imiphumela lapho eqala. Ama Voter azimisele ngokucela amabhola asheshe awabuyisele futhi awabuyise ngesikhathi esanele.
  • [ Abaphikisi babhekisela ekukhwabaniseni okungaqondakaliyo (ngaba kuncane). Babhekisela ezingozini zokuvuna ibhola, izignesha ezenziwe ngenkohliso, noma ukuvota kwabantu abafile. Nakuba ukucwaninga kwezemfundo nokuhlola njalo kuthola ukuthi ukukhwabanisa kwenzeka ngezinga eliphansi kakhulu, umbono womphakathi wokungalondeki ungaqeda ukwethembana ngemiphumela.
  • Ukusayina izinselele zobufakazi. Izifunda ezihlukene eziningi ziqhathanisa isignesha yovoti emvilophini yokubuya neyodwa kuhele. Nokho izignobhiso zingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ukubukeza komuntu okunemininingwane kungaholela ekulahleni okungalinganiyo amabhola ama-collet ku-all, amadala, noma amavoti amancane.
  • Izinga eliphakeme lamaphutha ebhola. Ngaphandle kosizo lwe-fooperson, abavoti bangawenza amaphutha njengokushaya imvilophu ngokweqile, ukuhluleka ukusayina imvilophu, noma ukusebenzisa i-inki engafanele. Lokhu kuholela emazingeni aphakeme okulahlwa kwebhola uma kuqhathaniswa nokuvota kwe-proto, nakuba amazwe amaningi manje enikeza “izinqubo zokwenza i-“khambi".

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulondeka nokubona, iziphathimandla eziningi zokhetho zisebenzisa izimiso zokulandelela, zidinga ukusayinwa kwe-collet stating ngebhodi yokuhlola i-bipartisan, futhi zinikeze amabhokisi okulahla alondekile njengenye indlela yokubuyela eposini. uphengululo oluvela eBrennan Center for Justice luye lwafaka irekhodi ukuthi kokubili ukuvota ngeposi kulondekile futhi kuyasebenza uma kusetshenziswa kahle.

Ukusebenza Ngogesi

Uvota lubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwemishini ye-electronic ekuqopheni nasekubaleni amavoti. Lesi sigamu sihlanganisa imishini elungisa ngqo i-electronic (DRE) esetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuvota, izimiso zokuhlola amehlo ezifunda amavota abhaliwe amaphepha, kanye namapulatifomu okuvota asekelwe kuyi-Internet avumela ukufakwa kwemishini ekude esetshenziswayo ekusebenziseni i-electronic, ukuvota okugcwele kuyi-inthanethi ehlala iqalile ngenxa yezinselele zokhuseleko ezingaxazululeki.

Imishini Ye - electronic

  • Ukuhamba nge-radid nokubala okuqondile. ugesi ungaveza imiphumela ngemizuzu noma ngamahora ngemva kokuhlola, uma kuqhathaniswa namahora noma izinsuku zebhuloho lephepha elibaliwe ngesandla. Lesivinini sizuzisa kakhulu emagunyeni ezindawo ngokukhetha okuyinkimbinkimbi noma ngokuvota nge-cooce.
  • Imishini ye-electronic ekwazi ukutholakala. ingahlonyiswa ngemisindo, izinkinobho, amaqwema akhulisiwe, nezinye izindlela zomfakela, okwenza abavoti abakhubazekile bakhiphe i-collet yangasese, ezimele. Ezinye izimiso zisekela nezilimi eziningi.
  • Ukulahlwa kwephepha nezindleko (ngokwemfundiso). Ngokugcwele ukuvota okungenaphepha kuqeda isidingo sokunyathelisa, ukuthutha, nokugcina iphepha eliningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kunganciphisa imiphumela yendawo ezungezile nezindleko, nakuba ukutholakala nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zensimbi kubalulekile.
  • [ Ngokusebenzisana nomsebenzisi kwezinye izikhawu. Abasha abavoti abancane abajwayelene nemishini ye-minustry bangathola ukuvota ngemishini futhi okungaphumelela, okungase kwandise ukuthembisana phakathi kwaleliqembu.

Imishini Ye - electronic

  • Isimiso sogesi siyizisulu ezikhangayo zezikhombi zikahulumeni, izinhlangothi eziyingozi, futhi ezihlelekile. Ngaphandle kwe-cover-lificificity trap yephepha elihlolayo (VVPAT), ayikho indlela yokuqinisekisa ngokuzimele ukuthi imishini iqopha ngokunembile. [FLT]] Isekela ngokuqinile i-Foctive Foundation [
  • [[[I-FLT:0] Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-software namaphutha. izibungu zesoftware, ukuhluleka kwengxenye engaphakathi, amandla, kanye nezindaba zokukhipha i-colibration zingaholela ekulahlekeni kwamavoti noma ingqikithi enganembile. Ngisho nemishini ehlolwa kahle ingaphahlazeka ngaphansi kwemithwalo engalindelekile, ibangele imigqa emide nokuhlukunyezwa.
  • Ukuhlukanisa nokuchitha izakhamuzi ezindala. Izakhamuzi ezindala, amakhaya angenamali enele, nemiphakathi yasemaphandleni ngokuvamile ayinakho ukukhokha okunokwethenjelwa nokwazi ukufunda okuncane kwe-inthanethi. Ukuvota ngemishini. − ikakhulukazi kulayini ye-inthanethi-nethi-nethi.
  • Iphepha lokukhanya kwabavoti. Ngokungafani ne-colot yephepha eliphawulwe ngesandla, irekhodi le-electronic lifiphele. Abashicileli kumelwe bathembe umshini, i-software, kanye nochungechunge lwemininingwane yezibalo. Lokhu kwenza uzungu lungakhi futhi kululaza ukuthemba okhethweni oluseduze.

Ukuze baqinise ukuvota ngemishini, ochwepheshe abaningi bezokuvota batusa indlela exubile: amabhola amaphepha afakwe imishini yokuhlola imishini, enezincwadi ezisetshenziswa ekuhloleni amanani omshini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kokubala ngemishini kanye nokubhaliswa kwephepha. Stanford i-security University yeqembu lokucwaninga nge-inthanethi ye-injini ye-octal iye yanyathelisa ukuhlola okukhulu ngezingozi nezimiso zokuvota zemishini yomshini.

Ukuhlaziya Okuqhathanisayo

Ukuqhathanisa okulandelayo kuhlola izici ezibaluleke kakhulu izikhulu zokhetho nabavoti okufanele bazicabangele lapho behlola izindlela ezihlukene zokuvota.

Ngenekayo

I-Mail 88in yovota kanye nokuvota okuklanywe kahle kunakho ukunikeza ububanzi bokutholakala. Iposi likhipha izithiyo zokuhamba; imishini yogesi ingavumelanisa ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa nomzimba. Nokho, izimiso zeposi zifaka ulwazi olubhaliwe nomthwalo wokuhlela okunganzima kwabanye abavoti, kuyilapho izimiso zemishini ye-electronic zidinga ukutholakala kwemishini yokusebenza namanani. Ukuvota kungenziwa kungeneke kakhulu ngezindlela ezikhethweyo eziseceleni zomgoqo kanye nemishini esizayo, kodwa iyaqhubeka imfuneko eyisisekelo. Izimiso zomklamo wembulunga yonke zingaba nezindlela ezisetshenziswa abantu abanamakhono amaningi kakhulu.

Ukulondeka Nobuqotho Obukhethwayo

I-Mail ûin ibeka izingozi ezingcono kakhulu ze-collet ezivinjweni ngebhukwana, izingozi ezingasetshenziswa ngezimiso zokuhlola, isignesha, kanye ne-kennenshown "sofōotody" i-protocol. Ukuvota kogesi, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kwe-VVPAT, kuveza ingozi ephakeme kakhulu: ukuhlasela kwe-software okuphumelelayo kungaguqula izinkulungwane zezinqubo zokuvota ngaphandle kokuzihlola. [[FLT:] Isikhungo sokucwaninga sokucwaninga somphakathi] [FLT] i-Preenstic Center ilandele ukuhlukanisa okukhula kwe-vota ngokuqiniseka, ngezindlela ezibhekwa ngokuhlukile. Ukuhlola i-VVPAT, kudinga ukuhlasela kwe-pane, ukuhlelwa kwe-pacd coption, ukuhlola kwe-pane.

Ukwaneliseka

Ukufakwa kwe-tablation kushesha kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izilinganiso zokugcina, nakuba ukuhlelwa kokuqala nokuhlolwa kuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Ukuvota kuyi-mailāin i-maternain ethatha isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngoba ama-bollat angafika izinsuku noma amasonto ngemva kosuku lokhetho, ibambe imiphumela engokomthetho. I-in 04person iqala phakathi, futhi imiphumela ivame ukushiwo ngobusuku bokuvota uma imishini nezisebenzi zanele zikhona. Nokho, ukuphumelela akunakona okuza kuqala; ukunemba nokunemba kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenziseni igunya lentando yeningi.

Izindleko

Ukuqhathanisa intengo kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuvota kudinga ukuqashwa kwezindawo eziningi zokuvota, amaholo ezinkulungwane zezisebenzi zokuvota, kanye nokulungisa imishini. IMail ûin izindleko zokuvota ezithunyelwayo eziposini, ekunyatheliseni, nasekulungiseni amamvilophu, kodwa inganciphisa inani lezindawo zokuvota ezingokoqobo. Imishini yokuvota ithengwa kakhulu nezindleko ze-software zokuvota, kodwa inganciphisa izindleko zokuvota uma zisetshenziswa ngemijikelezo eminingi. Izifundo ze-202020 ze-.S. U. U. Umnyango we-Crecundation[ wabonisa ukuthi imibandela esebenzisa zonke iziteshi ze-proto ezixuwayo ze-software ze-software ze-software zabona imiphumela exubile, kanye nemali ezindaweni ezithile ezingaphandle ezingaphandle.

Ukwethemba Nokwaneliseka

Ukwethembana kusekelwe ngokwezici eziphambili. Abaqondisi abathokomele ngezobuchwepheshe bathanda izindlela zobuchwepheshe; labo abathanda isiko kanye nokuthanda ukuboniswa kwephepha. Ukuvota kuye kwaziwa kakhulu, nokulandisa okukhuthaza ukukhohlisa okungasekelwanga ngobufakazi. Imfundo yomphakathi eqinile, ukuhlola okungathathi hlangothi, kanye nokukhulumisana okucacile ngezindlela zokuphepha kungasiza ukwakha ukuthembana phakathi kwezindlela. Ekugcineni, isimiso esinikeza amakhetho amaningi(inàperson, iposi, nensizakhono ze-electronicture, . /ccanments)

Isiphetho

Ayikho indlela yendawo yonke “engcono kakhulu” yokuvota; ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kuxhomeke ebunini bendawo, izakhiwo, ukuphakama kwenani labantu, ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe, nesimo sengqondo samasiko ngasese, nokuthembana. Ku-63person ukuvota kuhlala kuqinile futhi kujwayelekile kodwa kulwa nokuthola futhi kulinde izikhathi. Ukuvota kuthuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukushendeza nokushelela kodwa kudinga ukuqondisa okuqinile kwe-posi. Ukuvota kunikeza ijubane nokuphumelela kodwa kudinga impumelelo eqinile yezokuvikela nokugcina ubuqotho.

Abenzi bemithetho kufanele bamelane nesilingo sokuthatha noma iyiphi indlela eyodwa ebanzi. Kunalokho, kufanele baklame izimiso ezixubene nezingakhi zezindlela eziningi zokuvota , ukunikeza i-posi e-gradin collet yokuqala, ama-posi embulunga yonke, namabhuloti ahlolwayo ephepha ezindaweni zokuvota, zonke ezisekelwa yimfundo ezimele. Okubalulekile ngokufanayo i-vota: izakhamuzi zidinga ukuqonda ukuthi indlela ngayinye isebenza kanjani, ukuthi izivikelo zisebenza kanjani, nokuthi zingaba kanjani izivikeli zisebenza kanjani, nokuthi zingahlanganyela kanjani ngokuphumelelayo.

Intando yeningi iwumzamo oqhubekayo, futhi izinqubo zokuvota kumelwe zishintshele emphakathini. Ngokuhlola izici nezimbi zendlela ngayinye ngobufakazi nangokuthobeka, singakha izimiso zokukhetha ezingasebenzi nje kuphela kodwa ezifanelwe ukwethenjwa ezikufunayo.