Njengoba ulwazi luningi futhi lutholakala kalula, ikhono lokuhlola ukuthembeka kwe - Internet libalulekile.

Isimiso sobuchwepheshe besayensi yezinto eziphilayo nemvelo siye sakhipha udemokhrasi kodwa sanciphisa imingcele ekusakazeni amanga. Kusukela emfundisweni yozungu olusekelwe kumagciwane kuya kuyinkulumo - ze ephocwe, uchungechunge lwezinto ezikhohlisiwe ludinga indlela ehlelekile yokuqinisekisa. Lesi sihloko sidlulela ngalé kohlu oluyisisekelo ukuze sinikeze izindlela ezisebenzayo, ukutusa kwamathuluzi, kanye namasu okuqonda anika abafundi amandla okuhlola ngokuqiniseka ukwaziswa okusebenzisa i-inthane.

Ukuqonda Ukuphumelela Ezweni Elisebenzisa Izinombolo

Ikhono libhekisela ekuthembekeni nasekuthembekeni komthombo. Lapho uhlola ukwaziswa, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici eziningana ezibangela ukwethenjwa komthombo. Lezi zici zakha isisekelo sanoma iyiphi inqubo yokuhlola umsindo futhi zihambisane nokuhlolwa kwe-CRAAP okufundiswa kabanzi (I-CRAP, i-Relevance, iGunya, i-Agcurity, injongo).

Igunya

Igunya libuza: Ubani umlobi noma inhlangano engemva kokwaziswa? Bheka ngalé kwe-unignal. hlola iziqinisekiso zombhali, i-commedia commentation, kanye nomlando wokunyathelisa. Izinhlangano, zihlola amazwi azo okuthunywa, imithombo yezimali, nezimiso zomhleli. Isihloko sezempilo esivela ephephabhukwini lezokwelapha siphethe igunya elihlukile kuneqembu lobuchwepheshela. Sebenzisa amathuluzi afana Google Stogle Isazi[ noma [[FLT:]SP] SP ukuqinisekisa uchwepheshe wombhali wezolwazi, futhi uhlola ukuthi ummemezeli untanga uboni noma ukuthi ungowaziwayo yini.

Ukunemba

Ukunemba kudinga ukuba ukwaziswa kusekelwe ngobufakazi nemininingwane ethembekile. Izinkulumo kufanele ziqinisekiswe ngokucaciswa, izikhombo emithonjeni eyinhloko, noma ukuxhumelana nokucwaninga kokuqala. Isiphambano-sexwayiso semininingwane yezibalo ezingokomthetho (umz., eziya kumanxusa kahulumeni) sinyathelo esiqinile sokusebenza. Qaphela izinsuku ezilahlekile, ukufihlwa okungacacile okufana “nokhodi,” noma izinombolo ezingaqiniseki. Iqiniso-ukuhlola izingosi ezinjenga [[[FLT:]] Snopets neFCK] Fict.

Ukuzifihla

Ukubheka izinto kuhlola ukuthi okuqukethwe akunalo yini ubandlululo futhi kunikeza imibono eminingi. Ngisho nemithombo ethembekile ingancika ngandlela-nye, kodwa okuqukethwe kuvuma ukuthi imibono ephikisanayo iphambene kahle. Bheka ulimi olubonisa ukungakhethi: ingxoxo elinganiselayo yezimo ezingcono nezimbi, ukudalulwa kwezingxabano zesithakazelo, nokugwema ukuvuvukala kwamagama. Ama-media Bias/Fct Arch asiza ekuboneni izinga lobandlululo phakathi kwezinkulungwane zemithombo yezindaba.

Imali

Imali inquma uma ukwaziswa kuhambisana nosuku olufana nobuchwepheshe, imithi, noma ezombangazwe, isikhathi sibucayi. Bheka izinsuku zokubhalwa kwezincwadi, izingodo ezibukeziwe, nokuvuselelwa kwezikhombo ezihlangene. Isihloko sika-2018 esiphathelene ne-COVID-19 singaphelelwa isikhathi ngendlela eyingozi. Izihloko ezihlala ziluhlaza, izinto ezihambisana nemali zingaphansi, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi phawula usuku lokugwema ukusetshenziswa kabi kwemininingwane ephelelwe yisikhathi.

Ingqikithi

Isembozo sihlola ukuthi umthombo unikeza umbono obanzi wesihloko, noma ushiya izici ezibalulekile. Isihloko esiphelele sizodingida izimo, ukulinganiselwa, nemibono ehlukile. Qhathanisa ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo eminingi. Uma umthombo unikeza uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela ngaphandle kokuvuma ukuthi lunemibono ehlukile, ukuthembeka kwawo kuyangatshazwa ngisho noma amaqiniso akhona enembile.

Inkinga Yokungaqondi Nokungazwani

I-Misprogist (amanga angaqondakali) kanye nokungaqondi lutho okungahambisani nemininingwane (inkohliso eqinile) kuye kwasakazeka. Ucwaningo lwe-2021 lwathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-Pew Research Center akholelwa ukuthi izindaba zezindaba ezicaciwe zibangela “ubunzima” bokudideka okukhulu ngamaqiniso ayisisekelo. Inkinga ikhuliswa yimithetho echaza ukunemba okungaqondani, okuholela ekunambisweni. Ukuqonda inqubo yengqondo njengokusekela ukuthatheka, ithonya eliyikhohlayo, kanye nokucabanga okushukumisayo kuchaza ukuthi kungani ukwaziswa okungamanga kusakazekela kalula kangaka.

Ngokwesibonelo, “imiphumela yeqiniso” isho ukuthi ukuchayeka ngokuphindaphindiwe emazwini amanga kwenza izizwe inembile kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Iqiniso lilodwa lingase linganele; othisha kudingeka bafundise abafundi ukuqaphela nokumelana nalezizihibe zokwazi. i-Stford History Education Group isungule ukubheka ngokuqondile i-projekthi yomphakathi kuyi-inthanethi, igcizelela ukubaluleka kokufunda kamuva (-"ivula i-webhthi yokuhlola ukuthembeka kwayo ngaphandle kwemithombo kunokuba ihlale ekhasini.

Amathuluzi Okukhipha Ulwazi Lwe - Internet

Amathuluzi amaningana angasiza ekuhloleni ukuthembeka kokwaziswa okukuyi-inthanethi. La mathuluzi asukela kuwebhusayithi ahlola amaqiniso kuya kwandisa okusiza ekuboneni imithombo ethembekile. Ngezansi acubungula amathuluzi aphumelela kakhulu akhona.

Ama - webhsayithi Ahlola Iqiniso

Amawebhusayithi ahlola iqiniso ayimithombo edingekayo ekuqinisekiseni izisho nokuhlola ukunemba kokwaziswa. Ezinye izinhlangano ezikwaziyo ukuhlola iqiniso zihlanganisa:

  • [FLT] [[FLT:] Indawo eyaziwayo ehlola amahemuhemu, izinganekwane zasemadolobheni, kanye nezingalo zamagciwane. Inikeza ukucwaninga okuningiliziwe nocaciso, izibalo ezithi zisuka ku-“Iqiniso” kuya ku-“Ayikho” nako konke okuphakathi. [[FLTT:3] I-Snopes inamandla kakhulu ku-inthanemes kanye nakukhulu kwezombangazwe.
  • [FLT]] FactCcock. org: [ Iprojekthi ye Annenberg Policy Center ehlola ukunemba okuyiqiniso kwamazwi enziwe abezombangazwe, izikhangiso, nezindaba zikhululwa. Inikeza ukuwohloka okusobala kokuthi izikhangiso zivumelana kanjani nobufakazi.
  • [[NTLT:0] Igxila ekufuneni nasekutheni bayiqiniso ngokusebenzisa i-“Truth-O-Meter” kusukela ku-“Iqiniso” kuya ku-“Impela.” Ithembisa futhi inikeza imisebe ebanzi.
  • [FLT] iveza iqiniso lamazwi ahlukahlukene asakazekela ku-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi lawo asakazwa nge-imeyili nangezokuxhumana. Le ndawo iwusizo ekususeni izikhohlakalo ezibangelwa yigciwane.
  • Izindaba ezibhaliwe: Isebenzisa inhlanganisela yokuhlola iqiniso nobuchwepheshe (kuhlanganise ne-Al) ukuphawula ukuthambekela kwezindaba ezingamanga. Iyingxenye yohlelo lwe-Facebook yesithathu-Partic-Checking.

Okwangaphandle kwesiyaluzi

Ukunwetshwa kwesiyaluzi kungathuthukisa ikhono lokuhlola imithombo uma uhlola i-inthanethi. Okunye ukuhlanganisa okuwusizo kuhlanganisa:

  • [FLT]NewsGuard: ilinganisa ukwethenjelwa kwamawebhusayithi ezindaba futhi inikeza ukubonakala kwemisebenzi yawo. Indawo ngayinye ithola izibalo ezisukela ku-0 kuya ku-100 ezisekelwe kwizimiso eziyisishiyagalolunye, kuhlanganise nokuthi isakaza kaningi okuqukethwe yinkohliso, iveza ubunikazi, futhi iyalungisa. Isethi ye-metriyo ibonisa umfanekiso we-menu eceleni kwemiphumela noma ukuxhumana ngakunye.
  • Imedia Bias/Fact ikekena: Lokhu kwangaphandle kusiza ekukhombeni ubandlululo nokunemba okuyiqiniso kwemithombo yezindaba. Idonsa imininingwane ku-Media Bias/Fact Seck seculo database, ikhomba isilinganiso esiphelele sihlanganiswe nezigaba ezifana ne-“Ekhohlo,”“ Inkaba,” noma “Ikhonbha-Psecodefis."
  • [[NTLT:0] Ceba Imixhumaniso :[[FT:3] Ithuluzi lokuhlola ukuba yiqiniso kokuxhumana kwephepha le webhsite. Nakuba ingakuhloli ukuthembeka ngokuqondile, isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthombo ukhona ngempela futhi awuphulwanga noma awuzange ubuye ubuye ngokulimazayo.
  • Funya ngaphesheya kwe-Aisle: Ukwenezelo lweCrome olusebenzisa imibiko futhi lukhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuba bafunde imithombo yemithombo ehlukene yezombangazwe, ithuthukise ukudla okulinganiselwe kwemithombo yezindaba.
  • Politecho ihlola izindaba zakho ze Facebook ezifuywayo ukubonisa ukuthi ukuchayeka kwakho kuxeke ngokwe-algorith, kusiza kanjani ekuqapheleni amaqamu esihluzo.

Amathuluzi wokuqinisekisa asekelwe ekufuneni

Ngaphandle kokunwetshwa kweziphethu, amathuluzi amaningana asebenza kuyi - Internet asiza ekuqinisekiseni izingxenye ezithile zombhalo:

  • Dlulisa ukuhlola kwesithombe (Izithombe zeGoogle, Tineye, Yandex): Sebenzisa lezi ukuze uthole umsuka wokuqala wesithombe, bheka ukuthi sisetshenziswe kabi, noma nquma ukuthi sisetshenziswe ngaphandle komongo.
  • Wayback Machine (uhlelo.org): Ivumela ukuhlola izinguqulo zomlando zamakhasi e webhu ukuze ubone ukuthi uhlamvu lushintshile yini, olusiza ekulahleni izisho ezincike ebufakazini obucinyiwe.
  • Whois Accoup (umz., whiis.icann.org): Iveza imininingwane yokubhalisa kombuso, isiza ukuveza into engaphakathi kwewebhusayithi. Imida ebhaliwe noma engaziwa kungaba amaflagi abomvu.
  • qinisekisa[ [kusevidiyo]: izisekelo ezinjenge faka i-Vertified isiza ukuhlaziya imetameta kanye nemithombo yokwaziswa ngamavidiyo.

Amasu Okuhlola Ukuvuleka Kwamandla

Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa amathuluzi, kunamasu amaningana othisha nabafundi abangawasebenzisa ukuze bahlole ukuthembeka kokwaziswa ngokuphumelelayo.

Mcubungule Ngokucophelela Umlobi Wawo

Cwaninga izimfanelo zombhali nobuchule bakhe kulendaba. Hlola i-Linkned In, izihloko zemfundo, noma izincwadi zabo. Qaphela abalobi abangenawo umbhalo wendlela yomphakathi noma labo ababhalayo ezingxenyeni eziningi zezingahlobene. Izinhlangano, funa amabhodi abahleli, izimemo ezibonisayo, nezinkulumo zemisebenzi. Indawo engadwebi iqembu lomhleli noma ukwaziswa okuthintana nayo kufanele ibangele ukugxeka.

Ukufunda Kwamuva

Ukufunda okulandelayo kuyisu elisetshenziswa abahloli abangochwepheshe bamaqiniso. Kunokuba uhlale engosini uhlaziya, uvula ama-tab amasha ukuze ufune ukwaziswa mayelana nengosi, umlobi wayo, kanye nalokho okufunwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uthola isihloko sithi “izinto ezibangela ubu-authom,” awumane ufunde isihloko; uphenya imithombo ehloniphekile esekelwe kuyo lendaba futhi ufune ukuhlola ingosi yokuqala. Lendlela ngokushesha yembula ukuchachachamba, ubandlululo, umbango, nokuvumelana.

Uphawu lwangaphakathi lolwazi

Bheka imithombo evumelanayo ukuze uqinisekise lokho okushiwo kumbhalo. Umthombo owodwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unegunya kangakanani, ungaqukethe amaphutha. Thola okungenani imithombo emibili ezimele eqinisekisa amaqiniso ayinhloko. Uma ukusho kuvela endaweni eyodwa efihlekile noma kujikeleza kabanzi ngaphandle kokushwabana kokuqala, kungenzeka ukuthi akulona iqiniso.

Hlaziya Umkhakha WeWeb Site Nomklamo Wayo

Cabangela umklamo, injongo, nedumela lengosi ye webhusayithi. Ingabe indawo eqalwe ngokufanelekile? (Qaphela ama-com.co akhohlisayo ezindawo eziphezulu njenge .co ahloselwe ukulingisa izingosi ezisemthethweni). Bheka u- “Ngenathi” kanye no-“Uhlangane” amakhasi , uma ingosi engacacile noma engakho, ayinakho ukubonakala. Hlola inkambiso yemfihlo nemisebenzi. Uhlelo lolimi, izikhangiso, nezihloko ezishukumashiwe zezithombe ezishubile zibomvu. Sebenzisa amathuluzi anjenge-Newsss Gust

Bheka Izikhombo Nemithombo

Bukeza imithombo ekhonjiwe ekuhlolweni ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ithembekile. Ingabe imicaphulo ivela komagazini ababukelwe ontanga, imibiko engokomthetho, noma izinhlangano zezindaba ezinedumela elihle? Noma ingabe ixhumene nezinye izingosi, ama-folum, noma ama-website angaziwayo? Uma lesi sihloko siveza incazelo kodwa singanikezi kwaziswa kokwaziswa kwakuqala, sithathe ngokungatshazwa. I-Trace isholoza emuva emuva emithonjeni yayo usebenzisa i-data yomtapowe noma i-Google School.

Bheka Ukubukeza Okubucayi Nokuhlaziya Kwesithathu Kwesigaba

Funa ukubukeza noma ukuhlolelwa kokwaziswa okuvela emithonjeni ethembekile. Ngokwesibonelo, iphepha lesayensi eliyimpikiswano lingase licelwe kwezinye izazi ze-ngosi libhalwe abanye ososayensi, ukudluliswa kwezindaba, noma izinkulumo ezingokomthetho zezinhlangano ezingochwepheshe. Sebenzisa izingosi ezinjenge Ukuphula i- Watch[ ukuze ubone ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuqediwe. Ukuhlola ukuthi umthombo uhlelwe yini kohlu lwabanhloli abamnyama olulondolozwe yizisekeli beqiniso (umz., [[FLT:]]] i-Medias /ctal[FLT]'S udwendwe olumnyama lwezindawo zozungu) kungasindisa isikhathi.

Umthonga Obonakalayo: Izithombe namavidiyo

Ama-ethifkes nezithombe ezisetshenziswayo ziya ngokuya zivame. Uma uhlola isithombe, sebenzisa uphengululo ukuze uthole izinguqulo zangaphambili. Qaphela ukungavumelani ekukhanyeni, ethunzini, nasemethamini (sebenzisa amathuluzi afana ]] Exicol[]). Amavidiyo, ahlola incazelo, ukugcwalisa usuku, kanye nomsuka wesiteshi. Bheka izimpawu zokuhlela, njengokugxuma kwemizwa noma ukushintsha kokubona okungahambelani nemvelo. Izinhlangano ezihlola ngokuvamile zineziqondiso ezikhethekile zokuqinisekisa okuqukethwe yividiyo.

Ukufundisa Ukuvuleka Komoya: Inqubo Ebanzi

Ukuhlukanisa i-inthanethi ayisona isifundo esisodwa kodwa isifundo esithatha isikhathi sokulandela isikole. Izikole kufanele zisihlanganise sibe yizihloko ezihlanganisa izifundo zezesayensi yomphakathi nezobuciko bolimi lwesiNgisi. stanford History Education Group (SSEG) isungule izinto ezifundisa abafundi ukuhlola izikhungo zomphakathi, okuxhaswe yikho, nokuhlola imiphumela. Okunye ukuvivinya okuphumelelayo kungenza abafundi bahlole ingosi yezembobo zeze futhi baqhathanise izinhlelo zabo nezindlela zobuchwepheshe zokuhlola amaqiniso.

Abaqondisi bezincwadi bafeza indima eyinhloko kulemfundo. Bangafundisa abafundi izinhlelo zemfundo, ezinikeza okuqukethwe kusenemitapo, futhi zifundise umehluko phakathi kokufuna ulwembu oluvulekile nemithombo yezincwadi. Ukuhlanganisa ulwazi lwezinombolo nokufunda nokubhala kuqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi abawatholi amaqiniso kuphela kodwa futhi baqonde umongo, ukudweba, kanye negunya.

Kubafundisi, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokufunda izindaba kutholakala ezinhlanganweni ezinjenge News Project kanye 'eMbendeni weMaphephandaba afundile[. Lezinhlelo zinikeza amasu ezifundo, imisebenzi yasekilasini, kanye nama-rubrics ahlolwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlolwa kwe-intelligies.

Izinselele Ezikhethekile: Imithombo Yezokuzijabulisa, Izikhungo Zokuthwebula Izihloko Eziphambili Nezingosi Ze - Internet

Ama-creenter ayizici eziyinhloko ze-vectors ezibangela ukungezwani ngenxa yokufakwa kwe-algorith-driven. Izimbangela ezifanayo ezingokomzwelo ezenza i-past ihambe ibangela futhi ukuba kube nokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba kube yiphutha. /Izibizwa ngokuthi “ubungozi bamanga” ukusebenza. [[FLT:] 2018 ukutadisha SC] [FLT]] yathola ukuthi izindaba ezingamanga zisakazeke kakhulu, ngokushesha, futhi zigcwele kunezindaba zeqiniso ku-Twi.

Ukuze basebenzise imithombo yezokuxhumana, abayisebenzisayo kufanele:

  • Hlola umlando wokuqala womuntu obhalayo nesimo sakhe esiyiqiniso.
  • Bheka ama - metric abonakala egcwele imibala (amabhontshisi ngokuvamile ayathanda futhi ahlanganyele ngokungakhethi).
  • Sebenzisa amathuluzi abika ifulege ngepulatifomu ngokuqondele ukuze uqambe amanga.
  • Funda ngalé kwesihloko esikhulu; izinkulumo eziningi ezingamanga zincike emaphephandabeni aphambili aphikisana nesihloko.

Amagumbi okuhlanganisa izikhotha-nyezi − imifantu lapho abasebenzisi behlangana khona nokwaziswa okuvumelanayo kuphela . Ukugqashula kulezi zinkolelo zamanga kudinga imizamo yamabomu ukuze uzichaye ekulinganiseni okuphakeme, imibono ehlukahlukene. Amaphequluli ahlanganisa njenge Ukufunda Ngaphandle kwe-Aisle angasiza, kodwa ekugcineni ukucabanga okugxekayo kuyikhambi elingcono kakhulu.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Obuyimithombo Evulekile (OSINT)

Amasu athuthukile okuqinisekisa asetshenziswa izintatheli nabacwaningi atholakala kakhulu kubafundi. Izindlela ze-OSINT zihlanganisa ukuthatha indawo (ukuveza indawo lapho isithombe sathathwa khona sisebenzisa izimpawu zemvelo), ichronopation (isikhathi nokuhlola isithunzi), kanye nokulahla imiklamo yezenhlala-khaya. Nakuba lokhu kudinga ukuqeqeshwa, ngisho nemisebenzi eyisisekelo ye-OSINT − njengokufuna indawo ye-Google Magellah@can ifundiswa emakilasini olwazini emfundo yezezindaba zasesikoleni esiphakeme. [[FLT:] Belling Chat Isikhungo sezemithola-zincwadi sinikeza iziyalezo zamahhala ze-inthane yokuhlola i-intanethi.

Ikusasa Lokuhlolwa Ngokululama: I - a, I - blockchain, Nomthetho

Ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisayo buthembisa izindlela ezintsha zokuqinisekisa ulwazi olukulayini. Ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kuyasetshenziswa ukuzwa amakhekhe ajulile nombhalo owenziwa ngendlela yokuphawula (umzk., [[FLT: 0]] Contifials[ kusuka kwiSivumelwano seMibukiso yoMthombo ne-Tshembeko). Izinqubo ezisekelwe ekuboneni amakhekheni ajulile nombhalo okwenziwa zisetshenziswa ukuveza i-dicpic['ikwenza amarekhodi azimele emvelaphi neyomlando. Nokho, lezi sayensi azisona isiqinisekiso esiwubuwula futhi zingadukiswa.

Izindinganiso ezinjenge [[QLT: 0] Jonalism Trust Initive (JTI) inhloso yokwakha isimiso sokuqinisekisa imithombo yezindaba ethembekile esekelwe ekuboneni obala nasebukholweni kwezimiso. Njengoba lezinyathelo zikhula, abasebenzisi bayoba nokwaziswa okwengeziwe kokuncintiswa kwemitapo ezimele ukuze bathembele kuyo.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlola ukuthembeka kokwaziswa kuyi-inthanethi kuyikhono elibalulekile embonini yanamuhla ye-mini ye-alfory. Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene okuhlola izingosi, ukunwetshwa kwezincwadi, ukubuyiselwa ekuhloleni izithombe, nokusebenzisa amasu asebenzayo (ukufunda izithombe), ukubheka i-checking, ukuqinisekisa, umthombo we-listructuration . "stugents" nothisha bangalawula ulwazi oluningi ngokuqiniseka. Ukuthuthukisa lamakhono ngeke kuthuthukise ukuthembeka kwemfundo kuphela kodwa futhi kuthuthukise nokuba nesizwe esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Ikhono lokuhlukanisa iqiniso nezindaba eziqanjiwe, ubufakazi obunokwethenjelwa kukungabaza okukhiqizwayo, nemithombo ethembekile kwabakhohlisiwe mhlawumbe yikhono elibaluleke kakhulu lokusinda ekhulwini lama-21 leminyaka. Lesi sihloko siye sanikeza imephu yomgwaqo; ukuyisebenzisa kudinga ukuzimisela, ukuphikelela, nokuzimisela ukungabaza yonke into . Njengoba indawo yokwaziswa iqhubeka izenzakalela, kanjalo nezindlela zethu zokuhlola. Ukuqala ukusebenzisa lamathuluzi namasu namuhla ukuze ube umthengi othembekile nogxeka kakhulu wemininingwane.