Ukuqonda Isinyathelo Esiqinisayo Emfundweni

Isenzo esiqinile simelela iqoqo lezimiso nemikhuba ehloselwe ukwandisa ukumelelwa kwamaqembu angokomlando angaphansi kwemfundo nasezindaweni zemisebenzi. Lezi zinqubo zihlose ukubhekisa ukuhlukaniswa nokucwaswa kwezimiso, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene neqembu elincane lobuhlanga nohlanga, nokuthuthukisa umphakathi ohlukene kakhulu nolinganayo.

Umqondo wokuvuma uvame ukuqondwa njengendlela yokuzimela "impatho ehloniphekile" emaqenjini athile. Ngokwesiko, kuyindlela yokuhlola abazohlolwa ecabangela izici eziningi, kuhlanganise nohlanga, isizinda sezenhlalo, isizinda sezomnotho, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kokuphila, kanye nokuphumelela kwezemfundo. Umgomo awukona ukuthatha izindinganiso eziphansi kodwa ukwandisa izindinganiso ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ukubaluleka namandla.

Izimbangela Ezingokomlando Zesenzo Esiqinile

Isenzo sokwamukela sanamuhla e-United States silandela umsuka waso enkathini yamalungelo omphakathi ka-1960. UMongameli John F. Kennedy wasebenzisa okokuqala igama elithi "isenzo sokuqinisekisa" ku-Edvitive Order 10925 ngo-1965, eyagunyaza ukuba abakhi "bavume ukuthi abafaki bezicelo baqashwe ngaphandle kobuzwe babo, ivumo lokholo, umbala, noma imvelaphi yobuzwe." Umongameli uLyndon B.Johnson kamuva wandisa umqondo nge-Edrom Proced 11246 ngo-196, ifuna ukuba abakhi bezwe ukuba basebenzise amaqhinga okuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokwenza u-Opera.

Lezimiso zaziwukusabela okuqondile emakhuluni eminyaka emithetho engokomthetho ecwasayo − Jim Crow, ukuhlukanisa emfundweni, kanye nemigoqo yemisebenzi − eyayikhiphe ngokulandelana kwethuba ama-Afrika nenye iqoqo elincane. Umthetho wesimemezelo wamalungelo abantu wango-1964 wenqabela ukucwasa kodwa awuzange ulungise ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuvinjelwa kwezinkinga eziqoqiwe. Isinyathelo sokuqinisa sasibhekwa njengethuluzi lokususa ngokuqhubekayo lemigoqo, hhayi nje ukusho ukuthi ubandlululo aluvunyelwe ngokomthetho.

Izinto Eziyinhloko Nezici Eziyinhloko

Izinhloso eziyinhloko zokuvumela ukuthatha isinyathelo emfundweni zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuqinisekisa ubandlululo lwesikhathi esidlule: ukuqaphela ukuthi ukungalungi okungokomlando kuye kwadala iziphithiphithi eziqhubekayo ekutholeni imfundo nasekufezeni.
  • Ukuhlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo kanye nokufaka: ukuqaphela ukuthi izindawo ezifundeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zizuzisa bonke abafundi ngokubenza babe nemibono eminingi nokuhlangenwe nakho.
  • Ukunciphisa amathuba amagebe: Ukuhlanganisa indawo yokudlala yabafundi abavela ezizindeni ezingefani abaye babhekana nezimo eziwuhlelo.
  • Ukuhamba phakathi kwabantu: Ukusiza ekuqedeni imijikelezo yobumpofu nokuhlukanisa ngokuvula izindlela zemfundo ephakeme nempumelelo.
  • Ukulungiselela abafundi umphakathi ohlukene: uhlobisa intsha ngemincintiswano yesiphambano edingekayo ukuze ichume ezweni elihlangene emhlabeni wonke.

Isenzo Esiqinisayo Ekholiji

Izinhlangano eziningi ezikhethayo ziye zathatha izinqubo zokubukeza ezisekelwe ekuziphatheni kobukhomanisi ezicabangela uhlanga kanye nobuzwe njengesici esisodwa phakathi kwamamaki amaningi, ukuhlola, izincwadi, imisebenzi yangemva kwesikole, nezinselele zomuntu siqu.

Ingcaciso, njengoba ishicilelwe yiNkantolo ePhakeme yase-U.S. isho ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwemizimba yabafundi kuhlanganisa isithakazelo sikahulumeni esingathethelela ngokucushwa kwezimiso zezinhlanga ezingaziwa. INkantolo yaqaphela ukuthi ukwahlukahlukahluka kwemfundo ngokukhuthaza ukuqonda okunganqamukiyo, ukwephula izimpawu ezihlobene, nokulungiselela abafundi ukuhola emsebenzini nasemphakathini ohlukene.

Indlela Ukuthunywa Kohlanga Okusebenza Ngayo

Izindawo ezithatha imingcele emisiwe noma ezinqunywe kusengaphambili zohlanga. Kunalokho, izinhlangano zibheka isizinda somfaki wesicelo njengengxenye ye-ceal memone. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhulu esivumayo singahlola indlela isici somfundi esiye sathonya ngayo okuhlangenwe nakho kwaso nomnikelo emphakathini waso. Lokhu kuvumela ikomiti evumayo ukuba ibhalise isigaba esinezizinda ezihlukahlukene kuyilapho isalokhu ithuthukisa izinga eliphezulu lemfundo.

Izinkampani ezisebenzisa ukuvuma okunganakiwe kwezinhlanga zivame ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-"holist," zihlola ngamunye umuntu ngamunye kunokuba zihlole uhlu. Lenqubo ivame ukuhlanganisa ukubheka isimo sezenhlalo, isimo sezentengiselwano zezezomnotho, inkathi yokuqala yekolishi, izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene, namakhono akhethekile noma izithakazelo. Uhlanga luyisici esisodwa phakathi kwabaningi, esisetshenziswa kuphela uma lunikeza umongo obalulekile endabeni yomfaki.

Imithetho Yokuhlela Nokucasha Kwasezweni

Umthetho-sisekelo wokuvuma okunganaki uhlanga uye wabekelwa inselele ngokuphindaphindiwe. Izinqumo eziyinhloko zeNkantolo Ephakeme ziye zathonya isimo somthetho:

  • Imibono yaseYunivesithi yaseCalifornia v. Bakke [788] INkantolo yanquma ukuthi izibalo zezinhlanga azivumelani nemithetho kodwa ukuthi uhlanga lungathathwa njengesici esibangela ukuvuma ukufinyelela izinhlobonhlobo. Umbono weJaji uLewis Powell' wasungula ukwahlukahlukana njengesithakazelo sikahulumeni esishukumisayo.
  • i-Bollinger v. Bolmer (2003): INkantolo yasekela iYunivesithi yaseMichigan Law School's evuma umnyango womjaho ongazi lutho, iqinisekisa ukuthi ukwahlukahluka kwemfundo ephakeme kuyisithakazelo esishukumisayo nokuthi isimiso sasenziwe ngokushwankathela.
  • Fisher v. IYunivesithi yaseTexas (2013 no2016): EFisher I, iNkantolo yayidinga ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwezimiso zokwahlulela ezingaziwa zezinhlanga. KuFisher II, iNkantolo yasekela iYunivesithi yaseTexas elungiselelweni lokuvuma, ibhekisele esahlulelweni semfundo saseyunivesithi ngokubaluleka kokwahlukahluka.
  • Izifundiso ze-Fair Adgicts v. Harvard ne University of North Carolina (2023): Esinqumweni esiphawulekayo, iNkantolo yagumbuqela amashumi eminyaka eyisandulela, iphethe leyomithetho engaziwa yemiyalo ephazamisa iSivikeli sika Claus esiKhuthazwe yiSiphendulo seshumi nane. IJaji elikhulu uJohn Roberts wabhala ukuthi "ukususa izinhlanga kusho ukuqeda konke," ukuphetha ngokuphumelelayo isenzo sokuvuma emakolishini ezindawo eziningi zezinhlangano.

Isinqumo sa 2023 siye sayiguqula kakhulu indawo. Izinkampani manje kumelwe zifune ezinye izindlela zobuhlanga nobuthakathi ukuze zifinyelele izinhlobonhlobo, njengokucabangela isimo sezenhlalo, ukuhlukahluka kwezwe, noma ukuqeda ifa elithandwayo.

Izifundo Nezinhlelo Zosizo Ezingokwezimali

Izinyathelo eziqinisayo ziye zadlulela futhi ezinhlelweni zomfundaze nasosizo lwezimali. Izikhungo eziningi ngokomlando ziye zanikeza abafundi abambalwa abaphakele izisulu ukuze basize ekunqandeni izithiyo zezimali. Ngemva kwesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ka 2023, amanye amayunivesithi aye alungisa lezinhlelo ukuze zibe ezilinganayo ngokwezezinhlanga cishe ngokwesibonelo, asekela ukufaneleka kwesimo sesizukulwane sokuqala noma inzuzo yekhaya kunokuba asekele igebe.

Izinhlelo ezinjenge Iveza iMinyaka Eyinkulungwane Uhlelo [ (manje engasekho) kanye Posse Foundation[ ibonise ukuthi ukusekelwa okuhloselwe kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukufinyelela ekholijini kanye nezinga lokuthweswa iziqu kubafundi abavela emiphakathini engaphansi kwe-intshi. Lezi zinyathelo zivame ukuhlanganisa ukusekela ngokwezimali kanye nobuqasha, ukuthuthukisa ukuhola, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kweqembu.

Ukugxekwa Nezimpikiswano

Abahlaseli baye babhekana nokugxekwa okuqhubekayo okuvela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. baphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokulunga, ukufaneleka, namathuba okuba nemiphumela engahlosiwe.

Izimemezelo Zokubuyiselwa Kobandlululo

Enye yezigxeko eziphikelelayo ukuthi ukuvuma isenzo kwakha "ukucwaswa okungavumelani" nabamhlophe nabancintiswano base-Asia. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi akekho umuntu okufanele ajeziswe izono zezizukulwane ezidlule nokuthi uhlanga akufanele lube isici esibangela ukuvunywa. AbaFundi be-Fair Adgigigistra baqashelwa ngale mpikiswano, bathi abamangalelwa abagconwa kakhulu baseMelika base-Asia abagculiswe ngokukhetha abambalwa abangakwazi ukubhekana nazo. Abasekeli ukuthi ukulahla ukucwaswa kwemibono eqhubekayo yezinhlanga naleyo yezinhlanga bayithuluzi elidingekayo ukuze bahlele inkundla yokudlala engalingani.

Impikiswano Yokubusa Kwabefundisi

Impikiswano ye-giocracy ithi ukuvuma kufanele kusekelwe kuphela ekufezekeni komuntu ngamunye (--ecedings), ukuhlola, kanye nokubonisa ikhono. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ukuvuma kululaza lesi simiso ngokuvumela ukukhethwa kwezinhlanga. Ukuphendula, abavikeli baphikisa ngokuthi imiba engokwesiko efana nokuhlola okuvamile ayiyona ethakazelelayo; ngokuvamile ibonisa izinzuzo zezezomnotho, ukutholakala kokulungiselela, nokuthambekela komlando okufakwa ekuhlolweni ngokwako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphikisa ngokuthi inzuzo ingubuningi obuyimfanelo futhi izinhlobonhlobo ngokwazo ziyisimo sobuhle obuthuthukisa indawo yemfundo.

Ukufana Kwemfundiso Nesiteyigima

Ezinye izazi, ikakhulu uRichard Sander noStuart Taylor Jr, ziye zathuthukisa i- "moismbatch Trinity," esikisela ukuthi abafundi abavunyelwayo ngokuthatha isinyathelo sokuvuma ezinhlanganweni lapho bengakulungele khona ngokwemfundo bangase balwele futhi bayeke ngokwezinga eliphakeme. Lenkolelo ilokhu iphikisana nabacwaningi abaningi bezemfundo, abakhomba amazinga okuthweswa iziqu nemiphumela emide ebonisa ukuthi abafundi abambalwa bayazuza ngokuya ezikhungweni ezikhethayo. Nokho, ihlazo elihlobene nokubhekwa njengo "isenzo esiqinile esivumayo" lingadala imithwalo yengqondo yabafundi abathile, ukukhathalela okuye kwasebenza ekunikezeni iziqu zemfundo nasekusekeleni izinhlelo.

Izinselele Ezingokomthetho Nezomthetho - sisekelo

Ngaphandle kwezimo eziqondile, inselele engokomthetho ebanzi yokuvuma isenzo se-Uncial Protection Claus eSichibiyelweni se-14. Abaphikisi baphikisa ngokuthi noma ikuphi ukucabangela uhlanga nguhulumeni − kuhlanganisa namayunivesithi omphakathi ("kumelwe kuqashelwe kakhulu, kusho ukuthi kumelwe kube nesithakazelo esishukumisayo futhi kulungiswe kancane. Ngokulandela isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ka 2023, ukuvuma komjaho akusavunyelwe ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni, nakuba izikole zingasengacabangela ukuthi izinhlanga zithinte kanjani ukuphila komfaki-sicelo, uma nje kuhlangene nemfanelo noma okuhlangenwe nakho.

Izinzuzo Zokuhlukahluka Kwemfundo

Naphezu kwezithiyo ezingokomthetho, ucwaningo olukhulu lusekela izinzuzo zemfundo zeqembu labafundi abahlukahlukene.

Imiphumela Yokufunda Ethuthukisiwe

Ukuhlola okuningi kuye kwabonisa ukuthi abafundi emakilasini ahlukahlukene bathuthukisa amakhono okucabanga abucayi ngokuphumelelayo. Ukuchayeka emibonweni ehlukahlukene kuphoqelela abafundi ukuba bangabaze imibono ecatshangelwayo futhi bahlanganyele nemibono eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuhlolwa okuphawulekayo kwe - American Council on Education kwathola ukuthi abafundi ababhekana nokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezinhlanga nezinhlanga emakilasini babika intuthuko enkulu kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kokuhlakanipha nezenhlalo.

Ukunciphisa Ubandlululo Nezinhlobo Zesihlubuki

Inkolelo-mbono yokuxhumana, ethuthukisiwe yisazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uGordon Allport, isikisela ukuthi ukuxhumana okubalulekile phakathi kwamaqembu anezimo ezilinganayo nakubudlelwane obunye kunciphisa ubandlululo. Amakolishi ahlukene anikeza amathuba obungane obuphakathi kwezinhlangano zezenhlalo kanye nemfundo ebambisanayo, engaqeda izibalo ezivamile futhi ikhuthaze uzwela. Ukucwaninga eYunivesithi yaseMichigan nase-UCLA kuye kwafaka isiqinisekiso sokuthi abafundi abasebenzelana njalo nontanga abavela ezizindeni ezihlukahlukene babonisa izinga eliphansi lobandlululo lwezinhlanga nokungaguquguquki.

Ukulungiselela Izisebenzi Ezihlukahlukene

Abaqashi bayabazisa kakhulu abathweswe iziqu abakwazi ukusebenza ngokuphumelela emaqenjini ahlukahlukene. Ukuhlola kukaMcKinsey & Company kwathola ukuthi izinkampani ezinezisebenzi ezihlukene kakhulu zifeza izikhungo zemfundo ezingcono kakhulu. Izinhlangano zemfundo ezibeka phambili ukuhlukahlukahluka kwemisebenzi yobuholi ezomnotho embulungeni yonke. Abathweswe iziqu abaye bahlola izindawo ezifundeka ngokungafani bahlonyiselwe kangcono ukuxhumana ngamaqembu amasiko nokusungula kabusha ngokuthuthukisa imibono ehlukile.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokuthatha Isinyathelo Sokuqinisa Uhlanga

Ngemva kwesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ka-2023, amakolishi namayunivesithi ahlola izindlela zobuhlanga nobuzwe ukuze kulondolozwe izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zesikole. Eziningi zalezizindlela ziye zazanywa ngokwezigodi ukuthi ngaphambili ukuvinjelwa kwesenzo sokuvuma, njengeCalifornia, Michigan, neTexas.

Izinhlelo Ezisekelwe Ezomnotho

Izikhungo eziningana ziye zashintshela ekubhekeni isimo sezenhlalo nezomnotho njengelungu lokulawula uhlanga. Ngokwesibonelo, iYunivesithi yaseCalifornia yasungula ukubukeza "ngokuvumelana" okuhlola izici ezifana nenzuzo yomkhaya, imfundo yabazali, kanye nezici zomphakathi. Nakuba izinhlobonhlobo zezomnotho zingafana nezinhlanga, ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi azizifani ngokugcwele izinzuzo zokucabangela ubuhlanga ngendlela ecacile. Ukuhlolwa kweYunivesithi yaseCalifornia kwathola ukuthi ngemva kwe-procement 209 enqatshelwe ukuba ingxele yabafundi abambalwa abakhomba inzuzo, isilinganiso sabafundi abangaphansi kwezindawo zayo ezingongonakalisi kakhulu, kanti ukuhlukahlukahluka kweze ngokomnotho kuthuthuke kakhulu.

Amacebo Angamaphesenti Namahlombe Aphezulu

ITexas, iCalifornia, neFlorida ziye zamukela "izinhloso zokungena ngokusemthethweni" ."" i-project yandisa isayensi yeyunivesithi kahulumeni yezemfundo ephakeme yezemfundo ephakeme. ITexas Top 10% Plan, ngokwesibonelo, ivuma ngokuzenzekelayo noma imuphi umfundi ophezulu wekilasi labo abathweswa iziqu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziningi kangakanani izivivinyo. Lamacebo andisa izinhlobonhlobo zendawo nezomnotho kodwa awaphumelelanga ekuqinisekiseni izinhlanga ezikoleni ezingcono kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma izikole eziphakeme zisalokhu zikhona.

Ukubukeza Kobuhlanya Ngezinqumo Ezilungisiwe

Amakolishi amaningi andisa izinqubo zawo zokuhlola inkathi yonyaka ukuze abeke isilinganiso esikhulu ezicini ezinjengezimo zenkathi yokuqala yasekolishi, ukunqoba ubunzima, umsebenzi womphakathi, nokuhlangenwe nakho okuyingqayizivele kokuphila. Ama-Essay notusa izincwadi manje zifeza indima enkulu kakhulu. Amahhovisi okugunyaza aqeqeshelwe ukuchaza "i-eversance" ne "ikhono" njengezimfanelo eziyigugu. Nokho, abagxeki baxwayisa ngokuthi lemigomo engokomthetho ingadlalwa imikhaya ecebile futhi isengasenakele phansi abafundi ngaphandle kokuthola iseluleko esiqinile emakolishi.

Ukuqeda Ifa Elithandwayo Nomnikelo Wokuthumba

Enye inguquko ethola inzuzo ukususwa kwefa lokuvunyelwa kwefa eliyifa kubantwana be-almni. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ukuzuza ifa ngokungenakulinganiswa kuzuzisa abamhlophe nabaceli abacebile futhi kuyindlela yokuzisiza ngokungafanele. Ngemva kwesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ka-2023, izinhlangano eziningana zamemezela ukuthi ziyoqeda ukuvunyelwa okungokwefa. Ngokwesibonelo, iYunivesithi ka-Wesley kanye nenyuvesi yase-Minnesota sy iwuqeda lomkhuba. Ukususa ifa eliyifa kungakhulula ngokuzithoba imigodi yabafundi ezizinzele ezizindebeni ezingaphansi kwezelelwe, kubonise isibopho sokuthola ifa lokukhokhwanywa nokugcinwa.

Imibono Yomhlaba Wonke Ngesenzo Esiqinisekisayo

Amazwe amaningi aye athatha izinqubo ezifanayo ukuze abhekane nokungalingani komlando.

eNdiya

I-India inesinye sezimiso zezehlukana ezibanzi kakhulu emhlabeni, ezinezigaba zemfundo yomphakathi nomsebenzi we-Shedymard Castes (eyayi "ngatholwa""), i-Shedynadys, ne-Preaddys , kunye ne-Enye preadred Clade. Lezi zigaba ziye zasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukufinyelela imfundo ephakeme emaqenjini angokomlando. Nokho, lesi simiso sibhekene nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo zokuphumelela, ukufakwa kwabantu abampofu ngokwezomnotho abavela ezigabani eziphakeme, kanye nokubusa kwezombangazwe.

Brazil

I-Brazil yasebenzisa izibalo zobuhlanga emayunivesithi omphakathi kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-2000. INkantolo Ephakeme yalelizwe yasekela ukusekelwa komthetho ngokomthetho kwesenzo sokuvuma kwezinhlanga ngo-2012. Amayunivesithi ase-Brazil kusukela ngaleso sikhathi aye abona ukwanda okukhulu ekubhalisweni kwabamnyama, abaxubene, nabafundi bomdabu. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi inani labafundi liqhuba ngokwemfundo elinganayo noma ngezansi kakhulu kontanga abangathathiwe qhinga kodwa bathweswa iziqu ngamanani afanayo.

i-Ningizimu Afrika

I-Pfter-partheid eNingizimu Afrika yasungula izimiso zezentengiselwano ezibanzi zezomnotho ezisekelwe ezinsundu (BEE) ezihlanganisa uvuma ukuthatha isinyathelo emfundweni nasemsebenzini. Uhulumeni wentando yeningi wafuna ukulungisa ukungalingani okukhulu okwabangelwa ubandlululo. Amayunivesithi aseNingizimu Afrika aye amukela imithetho yokuvuma izinhlanga ngaphandle kokwazi, nakuba izimpikiswano zokulunga nokusebenzisa kwazo ziqhubeka, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nokwelashwa kwemiphakathi enemibala namaNdiya.

Ikusasa Lokulingana Emfundweni

Isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ka - 2023 sayishintsha kakhulu indlela engokomthetho yokulungisa ngayo isimo, kodwa isibopho esiyisisekelo sokuhlukahluka nokulingana sisalokhu siqinile ezindaweni eziningi.

Izinhlelo Zokukhipha Nezintambo Ezintsha

Iziteshi zifaka imali emikhakheni yokuthola abafundi abanekhono ababonisa futhi basekele abafundi abaneziqu eziphansi abavela emiphakathini ekhona ekuqaleni kwemisebenzi yabo yemfundo. Izinhlelo ezifana ne QuestBridge National College State[ zixhumanisa abafundi abathola imali ephansi nezifundiswa emakholiji aphezulu. Ezinye izimo zihlanganisa amakholiji asehlobo, ukucwaninga, kanye nokubambisana nezikole eziphakeme ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-asekeli. Lezinhlelo zihlose ukwakha itheku lemali ezisebenzi ezihlukene ngaphandle kokuthembela emakholijini aphezulu aphakeme.

Uhlelo lokuhlola lwemininingwane

Izikhulu zezemfundo zisiza ukuveza izindlela ezifihlekile zokungasizi futhi zikhombe abafundi abasebenza kakhulu bezizinda eziphikiswayo. Amanye amayunivesithi asebenzisa "izicathulo ezisekelwe emqondweni" ezihlanganisa amazinga obumpofu obuphakathi, izinga lesikole, nezimo zomkhaya. Lamathuluzi angaveza impumelelo ekhethekile nakuba ithuba lilinganiselwe.

Ukuqamba Kwamanga Nokuqashwa Okungokomthetho Okuqhubekayo

Amaqembu emfundo ayaqhubeka ezama ukuthatha izinguquko ezingokwenqubo. Ezinye izifundazwe zicabangela izinyathelo zokuthatha i-ocesters ukuze zibuyisele isinyathelo sokwamukela ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi. Ezinye zigxile ekuthatheni isinyathelo esisekelwe ezikhungweni zokuvuma noma ekufuneni usizo lwezezimali. UMnyango Wezemfundo wase-U.S. unikeze isiqondiso mayelana nezindlela zobuhlanga ezingasetshenziswa ngokwe-neuthali, ugcizelela ukuthi izinhlangano kumelwe zisavumelane ne-Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, okuvimbela ukucwa kwezinhlanga, futhi kumelwe zithathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa ngokohlanga.

Isiphetho

Isenzo sokuqinisekisa imfundo siye saba esinye sezimiso ezilandela kakhulu futhi eziphikiswa kakhulu kuleminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha edlule. Nakuba ukulungiswa komthetho kuye kwashintsha ngokuphawulekayo, imigomo eyisisekelo yezentengiselwano ezingokomlando, ukuthuthukisa ukulingana kwangempela kwethuba, nokusebenzisa izinzuzo zemfundo ehlukahlukene-----asclear. Indlela engaphambili ifuna ukwenziwa kwekhono, ukucwaninga okuqinile, kanye nokuzimisela kokudlula ngokungakhethi okuhlukanisa. Njengoba izinhlangano zizivumelanisa nenkathi yokuthatha isinyathelo esiqinile, intuthuko kumelwe iqhubeke ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imfundo ephakeme isebenza njengenjini yeqiniso yokuhamba kwezenhlalo nento ehamba phambili emphakathini esifuna ukuyenza iphumelele.