Ukuziphendukela Kokuhlolwa Nokuhlolwa Kosizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe

Izinhlelo zosizo zakwamanye amazwe zimelela izinkulungwane zezigidi zamaRandi emalini ehloselwe ukunciphisa ubumpofu, ukuthuthukisa impilo, nokuthuthukisa ukukhula kwezomnotho emazweni asathuthuka. Emashumini eminyaka, abanikeleyo nabazinzile baye bazama ukukala imiphumela yangempela yale misebenzi. Ukuhlola nokuhlola kwamuva (M&E) kungena njalo (ngokuthembela ekuhlolweni kokugcina kwe-projective, imibiko yezikhathi ezithile, kanye nokuhambela kwezezimali ze-ocectoidsss , kanye nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezivelele, kuhlola izinselele zazo, ukuhlola izinselele, nokuhlola izinselele, ukusungula kwamuva kwemisebenzi ethile yokusiza. Izinhlelo zokwakha i-M& i-E, ukuveza ubuchwepheshe nezindlela ezisiza ukuba kusebenze ngokunembile, ngesikhathi esifanele, nangokuhlola. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinqubo eziphawulekayo, ukuhlola izinselele, ukuhlola izinselele, nokuhlola izinselele ezisezinziwayo.

Izindlela Zobuchwepheshe Ezixubile EM& E

Ukuthwetshulwa kwesiphuphutheki kanye nokuzwa okukude

Imifanekiso yesiphuphutheki iye yadlulela ngalé kokudweba ibalazwe elilula ukuze ibe ithuluzi elinamandla lokuhlola imisebenzi yezesisekelo, izinguquko zendawo ezungezile, kanye nemiphumela yokulima. Izinhlangano ezinjenge World Bank [ manje isebenzisa imifanekiso ephezulu e-octives yokwakha umgwaqo, ukugawula amahlathi, kanye nokwanda kwemifelandawo yokunisela ngaphandle kwesidingo samaqembu asemhlabeni. Intuthuko ekufundeni imishini ivumela ukuba izimpawu zokuhlola ushintsho ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba, ukwakhiwa kwezinyawo, kanye nempilo yezitshalo, kunciphisa isikhathi sokuthola ukwaziswa ukuze kusebenze ngekhono izinsuku eziningi.

Ngokwesibonelo, eNingizimu Sudan, ukwaziswa okunesatellite kwenza ukuba izinhlangano zokusiza abahlali zikwazi ukuhlola isimo sababaleki futhi zihlole izingozi zezikhukhula esikhathini sangempela, zivumele ukuba imithombo yamandla itholakale. Ngokufanayo, eTopiya, izitshalo ezinamacala ahlukene ezisiza ekuhloleni ukuphumelela kwemisebenzi yokulawula inhlabathi ekhucululiwe, inikeza ubufakazi obuqinisekile bokuguguleka kwenhlabathi.

Iqoqo Lemininingwane Ehambayo Namathuluzi Ensimu

Ukwanda komakhalekhukhwini emazweni afikayo aphansi kakhulu [1] ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude . Amathuluzi anjenge-ODK, SurveyCTO, ne-KoboToolbox avumela ababhekisi be-projekthi ukuba banikeze izivivinyo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kolayini, bathathe izixhumaniso zeGPS, bafake izithombe noma babhale amagama. Imithetho yokugunyaza eyakhelwe kule zinhlelo ibamba amaphutha lapho ingena, ithuthukisa izinga lokwaziswa ngezindlela ezisekelwe kumaphepha.

Izinhlangano ezinjenge USAID zihlanganise iqoqo lokwaziswa okuhambayo nenqubo yazo ye-M&E ukuthuthwa kwemisebenzi, okwenza izisebenzi zezempilo zesifunda zikwazi ukunikeza imibiko yenkonzo yamasonto onke evela enkundleni. Ijubane nokunemba kwentuthuko kwenza ukuba abaphathi bezinhlelo baqaphele amabhodlela omthi ("ofana nezingalo zemithi edingekayo) futhi baphendule phakathi nezinsuku esikhundleni sezinyanga.

Izilonda Nemizimba Engenabantu

Ama-Drones agcwalisa igebe phakathi kwemifanekiso yemvelo nokuhlola kwenhlabathi. Angabamba imifanekiso ephezulu yezindawo zomsebenzi ezidingwayo, ngisho nasezimweni ezimnyama lapho iziphuphutheki zihluleka khona. Ekuthuthukeni, ama-dranes asetshenziselwa ukudweba amapulani ezolimo, ukuhlola umonakalo ngemva kwezinhlekelele zemvelo, futhi ahlole intuthuko yemisebenzi emikhulu yokwakha enjengezikole noma imitholampilo. Izindleko zama-drones zezentengiselwano ziye zehla kakhulu, zizenza zifinyeleleke ku-NJONGO nase-oclatementssss (izinhlelo zoqeqesho) zikahulumeni. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha emazweni anjengeGhana ne-Nepal manje zihlomisela izisebenzi zendawo i-drone ukuba zikwazi ukushayela nokuhlola i-DRAMP; izinqubo.

I - Internet Yezinto (IoT) Nezici Ezizwayo

Uma i-inthanethi ikhona, izinzwa ze-IoT zinikeza ukwaziswa okungapheli. Ngokwesibonelo, izimpompo zamanzi emaphandleni aseTanzania, zifakwa kakhulu izinzwa ezidlulisela amazinga okuhamba kanye nesimo somshini eziphakathi. Lokhu kwenza amaqembu okulungisa amampompi aphukile phakathi namahora, kunokuba alinde ukuhlolwa okuthatha ikota. Ngokufanayo, amamitha ahlakaniphile esimisweni sasekhaya se-solarter afaka umbiko ngokuzenzekelayo amandla akhiqizwayo kanye nezindlela zokusetshenziswa, kunikeza abangenisi benkampani ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa ngemisebenzi kanye nokukhokhela ikhasi.

Imishini Yokwaziswa Nokuhlakanipha Okuklanywe

Imininingwane Emikhulu Yokuveza Ukuthambekela

Ukuqhuma kwemininingwane ye-mini ephathwayo yama-real footers − kumarekhodi ocingo, izikhungo zezokuxhumana, ezezentengiselwano zezezimali, nemithombo yokuphatha — ukuveza amathuba eM&E okwakungacatshangwa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ama-data amakhulu ayakwazi ukuveza ukuthambekela kwesilinganiso somphakathi wabantu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Call Programme Records (CDR) kubaqondisi bama-elective asiza ekulandeleni izinhlangano zomphakathi ngemva kwenhlekelele, ukutshela izisulu zosizo olusiza umphakathi. I-CDgleneze-CDR kanye ne-ofusion engathiwansini engathiwansini ye-CDR i-CDyrogracties ngokuhlola inguquko ekunyakazeni nasekuchitheni isikhathi.

Izimo Ezifundwayo Zemishini

Izifundo zamathuluzi (ML) zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukubikezela imiphumela yemisebenzi nokuthola izimpawu zezokulima. Ezimisweni zokuthuthukisa, izimo ze-ML eziqeqeshwe ngemininingwane yesimo sezulu esingokomlando, izimo zenhlabathi, kanye namazinga okutholwa kungabikezela ukuthi obani abalimi abangase bathathe imikhuba emisha, okwenza izinhlelo zokulungisa ukufinyela kwabo. Empilweni, amanani ahlaziya imibhalo yeziguli ukuze kubonwe izimpawu ezixwayisayo zokuqubuka kwezifo, ivumela izinhlangano zosizo ekutholeni izinhlelo ezingoko. Izimo zentelidi ezichazayo zingasiza futhi ekuqapheleni ukukhwaba: izimpawu ezingajwayelekile ngemibiko yezindleko noma ukususa izinhlelo ezihlela imishini ezisebenzayo zibangela ukuqasheka kwezinhlu zezifo eziphindwayo.

Ukuhlelwa Kolimi Lwemvelo Lwemininingwane Yokwenezela

Ubufakazi obuningi kusizo lwakwamanye amazwe buyi-qualitidity +transcriptions yamaqembu abhekisa phambili, ukusabela okuvulekile okuphendulwe, noma isikhulu sezemfundo. Ukulungisa ulimi lwemvelo (NLP) manje kungahlukanisa futhi kuhlaziye imiqulu emikhulu yombhalo, ukukhipha, izihloko, umzwelo, kanye nokuphindaphinda kwamagama angundoqo. [[FLLL:0] I-UNEF... Office ye-UNICF [[FLLT:1] iqhubele phambili i-NLP ukuveza izinto eziye zatholwa emakhulwini emibiko yokuhlola, ukuhlukanisa izifundo ezingase-sekungasebenziseki nqophelisho ngokubhala ngesandla. Nakuba i-NLP ingabuyiseli ukuqonda okuhlungwa komhlazi womuntu, ngokuphawulekayo kunyusa inqubo ye-scmismis.

Izindlela Zokuhlola Ezintsha

Indlela Yokuhlanganyela

Ukuhileleka ekuhlolweni komphakathi kuye kwasuka ekuhloleni okuncane kuya ekuhlanganeni ngeqiniso. Izindawo zokuhlanganisa i-M& ama-E afaka ababambi bezindawo ekuchazeni impumelelo, ukuqoqa, nokuchaza imiphumela. Imisebenzi enjenge-Chosa Cacing Change, izingqwembe zomphakathi, kanye nokudweba okuhlukanisayo kunikeza iphimbo kwabaxhaswe futhi ngokuvamile kwembula imiphumela engalindelekile yemisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, eprojective yokukhucutha i-acrate eBangladesh, amalungu omphakathi athola ukuthi izindlu ezintsha zokulala zazingahlelelwa ukugcina kunokuba zisetshenziswe, ukuthola okungathathwa abahloli bangaphandle okuqondiswe kakhulu.

Ukulingwa Okungahloniphiwe Namasu Avamile

Ukuhlolwa ngamandla kwezindlela zokuhlola kuhlala kuyisisekelo sosizo olusekelwe kubufakazi. Nakuba i-rustazed Guiltived Trials (RCTs) iyindinganiso yegolide ekutholeni i-causality, izindleko zabo eziphakeme nezimiso eziqinile zilinganisela ukusebenza kwabo. Izindlela zokulinganisa imizwelo zihlanganisa ukulingwa okulungisa isilinganiso sobukhulu obuphakathi kwe-intshi, ukuguquguquka kobu , kanye nokuthatheka okungaqondakali okufana ne-"nempephorensis projectal transmes" uma ukuguquguquka. Izinhlelo zamuva zihlanganisa nokulungisa isilinganiso sobukhulu obungahluziwe noma imiphumela yokuphatha njengemiphumela ehambisana nemiphumela esebenzayo.

Izinsalela Zesikhathi Sangempela

Ukuhlolwa okungokwesiko kuvame ukuvela phakathi komsebenzi, kunikeza indawo elinganiselwe yokulungisa ikhodi. Izimiso zenkathi yangempela zisebenzisa ukuhlola kwamaselula, ukuhlola kwe-SMS, nokuhlola kwezezokuxhumana ukuze kuqoqe okuqhubekayo okuvela kubaqondisi. Amabhodi abonisa imiphumela ngokushesha, avumela ukuqondiswa. I-Rapid Coodback M& E ukusondela, okuyekwa kuvikelwa yizinhlangano ezifana i-Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , ivumela amaqembu ohlelo ukuba ahlole, afunde, futhi alungise ukungenela kwemfundo kwamasonto onke noma umjikelezo wenyanga. Ekungeneni kwemfundo eyodwa eKenya, isikhathi sangempela sembule ukuthi uthisha uthombo oziphethe; umsebenzi owenziwayo owe wonke asebe besebenzisa imikhondo yemivukile futhi abona imivubuku.

Ukuhlola Umphumela Nenqubo

Ukungenela okuyinkimbinkimbi lapho kunzima ukuqinisekisa khona, ukuhlola inkolelo-lwazi kuthatha izindlela ezinjengokuhlaziya nokulandela inqubo yomnikelo kuthola ukulandelelwa. Lezizindlela zakha indaba ethembekile yendlela ukungenela okuye kwasiza ngayo ekuqapheleni izinguquko ngokuhlela ngokuhlola ezinye izincazelo. Bathembela ebufakazini obuxubile obunemisebe kanye nencazelo yezinhlelo eziqinile, futhi ziwusizo kakhulu ekulawuleni, ekusebenziseni amandla, nasemisebenzini yokuhlola lapho amacebo engasebenzi khona.

Umvimbo Wokubona Phakathi Nokulandisa

Ubuchwepheshe obusasazisi obunemikhankaso bunikeza izicelo ezithembisayo ze-M&E ngosizo lwangaphandle. I-blockchain ingadala indlela yokuhlola ebhanyathiwe ukuze kukhishwe imali, iqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amadollar atholakala kumniniyo ukuze athole inzuzo yokugcina. Izivumelwano ezihlakaniphile zingakhipha izimali ngokuzenzekelayo uma izenzakalo ezicacisiwe ziqinisekiswa (ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi wokwakha wesikole oqinisekisiwe njengophelele ngezithombe ezibekwe ebhandekweni le-onki. Imisebenzi ye-Pilotting Food Programme’s" ibonise ukuthi i-ss "Uniting Food Programmes" i-mmunings i-sssss ukudlulisa izindleko ezisekelwe kusengaphambili ezikhutshayo futhi inciphisa ukukhwazwa ngokukhwaba kwababa. I-M& i-E, i-blin inikeza ukukhwaza okukhiswayo kwemininingwane ye-data, imiphumela egciniwe egciniwe.

Izinselele Nokucabangela Okufanele

Ukuba Wedwa Kwemininingwane Yezokwelapha Nokulondeka

Ukwanda kweqoqo lokwaziswa okunemininingwane eyimfihlo kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Ukuhlanganisa amagama ezindaba eziyimfihlo : : + +igama, indawo, impilo, nokwaziswa okungokwezimali kungasetshenziswa kabi uma kungavikelwe kahle. Izinhlangano eziningi zosizo zisebenza nge-mome elinganiselwe nemithetho eqinile yokuvikela, ukubeka umthwalo onzima kubahloli ukuze kuqinisekiswe imvume enikezwa ulwazi, ukugcinwa kwemininingwane ye-memonetic production, nokugcinwa okulondekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhondo nemininingwane yezenhlalakahle yezenhlalakahle kuphakamisa imibuzo eyengeziwe ngokuphathelene nemvume kanye nokukwazi ukuqapha. Ukuthuthukisa iziqondiso ezicacile zezimiso zokuvikela nokutshala imishini yokulondoloza i-data akuzona izimfuneko ezingcono zokuhlola i-M&camp; E.

Ukuhlukana Kwezinombolo

Izingozi zobuchwepheshe zinweba igebe phakathi kwezindawo zasemadolobheni ezixhumene kakhulu nemiphakathi yasemaphandleni ephansi. Ezindaweni eziningi ezimpofu kakhulu, ukuhlanganiswa kwemishini yezokuxhumana kuhlala kulinganiselwe, ugesi awuthembekile, futhi ukufunda amanani aphansi. Ukuthembela kuphela eqoqweni kwemininingwane yokwaziswa okuphezulu kungasusa abantu abasengozini kakhulu futhi kuveze imiphumela eyingozi. I-Hybrid ithatha izindlela ze-combinec eziphansi njengezindlela zokuhlola iphepha zeminye imiphakathi enamathuluzi emishini esetshenziswayo kwabanye.

Ukwakha Nokuzinzisa Kwasedolobheni

Ukwethula amathuluzi athuthukisiwe M&E ngaphandle kokufaka amakhono nesisekelo sezindawo ngokuvamile kuholela ekuncikeni kochwepheshe bangaphandle. Imisebenzi emifushane ingasebenzisa ama-drona noma i-software ebizayo, kodwa uma iphela izimali, izisebenzi zendawo zingase zintule ubuchwepheshe bokulondoloza izinhlelo. Ukusungula okuqhubekayo kudinga izinhlelo zokuqeqesha eziqinile ezihlelweni zendawo, ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ze-software ezivulekile, nokwakha imishini ekwaziyo ukusungula i-M& i-E. Izilinganiso ezinjenge- CAPAGOP ukuze kulondolozwe i-e. izinhlelo zezokuhlola kwezenyukela kumazwe aseNingizimu.

Ukuba qotho Nokufaneleka

Ubuchwepheshe obusha nezindlela abuzikhulisi ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukukhanga "imininingwane emikhulu" kungaholela ekugxileni kulokho okulula ukulinganiswa kunokuba kulinganiswe okubalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, umfanekiso weziphuphutheki ungcono kakhulu ekulinganiseni ushintsho olungokomzimba lwezisekelo kodwa awunikezi kuqonda ukuthi iprojekthi ethuthukisiwe ezenhlalo i-social compinec compine okanye amandla. M& abasazi kumele bahlale begxeka ngokufaneleyo kwethuluzi ngalinye, beqinisekisa ukuthi lendlela iyavumelana nombuzo nomongo.

Iziyalezo Zesikhathi Esizayo

Izindlela eziningana zizohlela igagasi elilandelayo losizo lwezinye izindawo oluvela kwamanye amazwe, M&E. Ukuhlangana kokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa ngemifanekiso yeziphuphutheki kuyokwenza ukuba kuqashelwe cishe zonke izindawo ukuze kushintshwe izinguquko zezomnotho, ukuwohloka kwendawo ezungezile, nezingozi zengxabano. Ukusetshenziswa kwemininingwane eyenziwe ngemidwebo ye-Al ukuze kufaniswe inani labantu.

Ama-digic compact compression cishe ayoba ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, avumele imiphakathi ukuba inganikeze nje kuphela ukuzwa kodwa futhi inikeze ukungenela okuvumelanayo futhi ihlaziye nokwaziswa kwayo siqu. Izindlela zesayensi yezakhamuzi, lapho izisebenzi zokuzithandela zendawo ziqoqa futhi zichaza khona ukwaziswa, ziyanda khona empilweni nasebusweni bendawo ezungezile.

I-Blockchain ingahamba ngemuva kwamazinga omshayeli ukuze ibe isici esivamile sokubona ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi emikhankasweni emikhulu yezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi. Okwamanje, ukugcizelela okwandayo kokubekwa kwendawo (ukunikezelwa kwezindawo) kwezici ezinkulu zemisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe nokusebenza kwezabadlali bendawo − kuyokwenza kube nesidingo se-M& izimiso ezilawulwa futhi zesizwe nezinhlangano zomphakathi.

Ekugcineni, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-M&E kanye nokwenza isinqumo sangempela sesikhathi, cishe okubizwa ngokuthi "izinhlelo ezithathayo""", kuqhubeke kufiphaza umngcele phakathi kokuhlola nokuphathwa kweprojekthi. Izinhlelo ezihlanganisa imifudlana yokwaziswa eqhubekayo ne-alytics kanye namabhodi angaphambili angaphakathi ziyokwenza izinhlelo zosizo zikwazi ukusabela ekushintsheni izimo ngesivinini esingakaze sibonwe, uma kunikezwa ukuthi kugcinwa izikhungo zezimiso zomthetho kanye nokwengamela komuntu.

Isiphetho

Izinhlelo ezichazwe kulesi sihloko zimelela ushintsho oluyisisekelo endleleni imisebenzi yosizo yakwamanye amazwe eqashelwa futhi ihlolwe ngayo. Imifanekiso yamasatellite, amathuluzi ahambayo, i-Al alytics, izindlela zokuhlukanisa, kanye nokuvimbela ngakunye kunikeza izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele, kodwa ayikho i-pancacea. Izimiso eziphumelela kakhulu ze-M& ixubanisa izindlela eziningi zokuhlola, ukujwayela ukuma kwe-mosfecter, nokuhlela isivikelo sabangeneli. Njengoba ingxenye yosizo yangaphandle iqhubeka isungula, izinhlangano ezifaka imali enengqondo, ne-M& E izimiso ziyoba nesikhundla esingcono kakhulu sokubonisa ithonya, ukufunda ekwehluleka, futhi ekugcineni zikhiphe imiphumela engcono kubantu abakhonzayo.

Abanikeli phela (abanikezi) nabasebenzisa izinhlangano kuhulumeni nasemiphakathini yendawo) kumelwe basebenzelane ekunqobeni izinselele eziphikelelayo ze-data yedwa, ukukhishwa kwemisebe, kanye nezikhala zokwazi ukukwazi ukufinyelela imvume. Kungakhona kuphela lapho isithembiso sokuqapha nokuhlola singafezeka ngokugcwele ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphila kwabantu abasengozini kakhulu emhlabeni.