Okwenza Ukuhlaziya Okubucayi Manje Kube Okubalulekile Kunanini ngaphambili

Ikhono lokuhlola ukwaziswa ngeso elinokuqonda belilokhu libalulekile, kodwa ekhulwini lama-21 liye laba umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi ongenakuthathwa kalula. Nsuku zonke, abantu bahlangana nezihloko zezindaba ezishayelelayo , izihloko zezindaba zezenhlalo, iziphakamiso zezokuxhumana, izisholo zokuthonya, iziphakamiso ezixhaswe, kanye namavidiyo amagciwane. Ngaphandle kwekhono elisetshenziswayo lokuhlola lemithombo, abantu basengozini yokwenza ukukhetha ngokusekelwe ekuqambeni kunokuzenza iqiniso. Lokhu akuyona nje indlela yemfundo engokwemfundo, kuthinta ngokuqondile impilo yomphakathi, ukuziphatha kokuvota, ukuvota, ukukhokha, nokuthemba umphakathi.

Izindawo zokukhetha zixhomeke kukhetho olungahlukanisa ubufakazi obungahlukaniswe nokushintshashintsha. Uma izingxenye ezinkulu zomphakathi zingakwazi ukubona ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa, ukuhlahla, ukuchuma kwemibono yozungu, futhi izimpikiswano zezimiso zingabi khona ngokoqobo. Kulendawo ezungezile, ukufundisa nokuhlola okugxekayo kubaluleke njengenkonzo yokuvota noma yokukhetha.

Isisekelo Sokuhlola Ulwazi

Ukuhlaziya ukwaziswa okubucayi kusekelwe ezimisweni ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo ezisukela emuva ezinhlotsheni zakudala zenkulumo - mpikiswano yezazi namaphephabhuku.

Umthombo Wegunya

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukubuza ukuthi ubani owadala ukwaziswa nokuthi kungani ekufanelekela ukukhuluma ngale ndaba. I-message ebhalwe udokotela oqeqeshiwe inesisindo esihlukile kuneso ebhalwe umkhangisi. Bheka isiqinisekiso, izinkolo, nomlando wokunemba. Imithombo eqanjiwe ivame ukuveza ubufakazi bayo futhi inikeze ubufakazi obucacile ngezindlela zayo.

Ukuhlanganisa Nokubulala Isiphambano

Ukwaziswa okunomthombo owodwa kufanele kuphathwe ngokuqapha njalo. Ukukhipha i-siphambano kusho ukuhlola okungenani imithombo emibili noma emithathu ezimele, ethembekile evumelana ngamaqiniso ayinhloko. Uma indaba ivela kumawebhusayithi angenalutho noma ephepheni elilodwa lezindaba ngaphandle kobufakazi obusekelayo, ukungabaza okunempilo kuyadingeka.

Ubufakazi Obunemfanelo Nokucabanga Okunengqondo

Izindaba eziqinile zidinga ubufakazi obuqinile. Hlola ukuthi ukwaziswa okunikezwayo kuvela ekuhloleni ontanga, izibalo zikahulumeni, noma ukubika kophengululo oluthembekile. Qaphela amaphutha anengqondo .(appal arthroe arry meases, ohlasele ngokungeyo, noma ukuhlasela kwe-ad hominem. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphazamisa ubufakazi obubuthakathaka.

Injongo Ne - bias

Ukuqonda leyo njongo akusizi ukuba ubheke ukwethembeka kwayo. UBias ngokwakhe akuyona into enganembile, kodwa ubandlululo olungachazwanga noma uhlelo olusontekile oluyinkinga. Cabangela ukuthi ubani owaxhasa le mininingwane, ukuthi umbhali uyini ukuze athole, nokuthi ukwaziswa kunikezwe kahle yini.

Izinselele Ezintsha Ezitholakala Kulezi Zinga - mishini

I - Internet nemithombo yezindaba iye yashintsha indlela ukwaziswa okusakazeka ngayo, kwakha amathuba nezingozi ezingathi sína.

Ukwaziswa Okuningi Kakhulu Nokukhathala Okuyisijeziso

Uma abantu behlaselwa izinkulungwane zemiyalezo usuku ngalunye, ubuchopho buthatha izigijimi ezimfushane. Lokhu kuthwala kwenza kube lula ukwamukela isihloko esiphambili noma iposi elinobuhlungu obungokomzwelo ngaphandle kokuqiniseka. Ukukhathala kuholela ekuthembeleni ku-heurtics", “uma kuvela kumngane omethembayo, kumelwe ukuba kuyiqiniso” okungaxhashazwa ababothi nabadlali ababi.

Ukubaluleka Kwemithetho Yokwaziswa Okungalungile

Ama-communment communist profectal alungele ukuthembisana, hhayi ukunemba. Imithetho yemithetho ivame ukukhuthaza ukuvama okunamandla okuthinta imizwelo ("omogang, ukwesaba, noma injabulo") ngenxa yokuthi lokho kugcina abasebenzisi behlala bebhala phansi. Amaphutha anganwebeka ngokuphindwe kasithupha kunezindaba eziyiqiniso kumapulatifomu njengo X (owayebizwa ngokuthi Technter), ngokwenstst infaces projectism. Ukucwasana okusemzimbeni ngo-mistry kusho ukuthi ngisho nabasebenzisi abazimisele kahle bangachayeka ukwaziswa okungamanga.

Ukukhula Kwama - jueffake Ne - alpine Enamandla

Intuthuko ekuhlakanipheni kokwenziwa ikwenze kwakwazi ukwenza ivideo engokoqobo, umsindo, nezithombe ezibonisa izenzakalo ezingakaze zenzeke. IClifufakes (ukuhlanekezelwa okulula) kanye nama-ayifake (imiqondo efingqiwe) ibekela inselele imibono engokwesiko yokubona umuntu okholelwayo. Ivideo eqanjiwe yesazi sezombangazwe esho okuthile okubuhlungu okungavela ngaphandle kokuba noma isiphi isenzakalo sifinyelelwe. Le-sethi yenkohliso idinga abahloli ukuba bahlole izilinganiso ze-tenscycture, njengamehlo aguquguqukayo noma izinhlangano zezindaba ezithembekile ezinemithetho ethembekile.

Izindlela Zokunquma Ezivimbela Ukuhlolwa

Ngisho nabantu abafundile bathambekele ekusebenziseni ingqondo ngendlela elula eholela ekuhloleni ukwaziswa okunganembile.

  • Ukufihla ubandlululo: ukufuna nokukholelwa ukwaziswa okuqinisekisa izinkolelo ezikhona ngaphambi kokuba kube khona kuyilapho ungabunaki ubufakazi obuphikisanayo. Lokhu kungomunye wesithiyo esivame kakhulu sokuhlola ngokuqondisisa.
  • Umphumela we-Kurguner:[ Abantu abanolwazi oluphansi kakhulu ngesihloko ngokuvamile bakhulu kakhulu kunamakhono abo, okubenza bangangeni emaqinisweni noma bathintane nochwepheshe.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukusebenziseka: Ukwahlulela amathuba ezenzakalo ezisekelwe ekutheni izibonelo zifika kalula kanjani engqondweni. Vivid, ulwazi olukhumbulekayo lungadlula ukwaziswa okungamanga kakhulu kodwa okunembe kakhulu.
  • Ukukhohlisa: ukuncika kakhulu engxenyeni yokuqala yokwaziswa okutholakele, ngisho noma kamuva kugxekwa. Lokhu kwenza ukulahla kube nzima ngoba ukuqamba amanga kulokhu kusekhona engqondweni.

Ukunqoba lokhu bandlululo kudinga umzamo wangamabomu, njengokufuna imibono ephikisanayo, ukusebenzisa uhlu oluhlelwe kahle lokuhlola amaqiniso, nokucabangisisa ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganyele okuthile.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Ewusizo Yokuhlola Nsuku Zonke

Izibonelo eziningana nohlu lokuhlola zingasiza abantu ukuba bahlole ukwaziswa ngokuhlelekile ngaphandle kokudinga ukuba bahlole amaqiniso ngochwepheshe.

Ukuhlolwa Kwe - CRAAP

I-FLT:2] I-relevince[ (ingxenye yezidingo zakho), [[FLT:]] [[FLT:] [i-Act:] ukuhlola [[inani lezidingo zakho]] [i-authrought [ [iiinzuzo, [inani elingaphezulu]] [[FLT]] [inani elingcono ne-fakazi], [[FLT] Prect:] [[FLT] [inxanxalayelo] [[FLT] [isizathu esikhona)] (ukukhona noma ngasiphi isihloko esincuthiyo esincane]. Faka lezizinto ezithatha noma amaphutha ambalwa. [ingavimbela amaphutha amaningi]

Indlela Yokusebenzisa ISIFU

Inqubo yesiFT eyasungulwa uMike Caulfield eWashington State University, iklanyelwe ukuba isetshenziswe ezindaweni ezizungezile kuyi - Internet:

  1. Meka:[ Misa ngaphambi kokwabelana noma ukwenza. Bheka isimo sakho esingokomzwelo bese ubuza ukuthi udinga ukwaziswa okwengeziwe yini.
  2. Phendula umthombo: Thola ukuthi ngubani owadala okuqukethwe futhi ukuthi yaziwa ukuthi uthembekile yini.
  3. Thola ukweshelwa okuthenjwayo: funa eminye imithombo enegunya ebika indaba efanayo. Uma ingekho, kuthathwe njengokungaqiniseki.
  4. izisho, izingcaphuno, nemithombo yezindaba emongweni wokuqala: Iqoqo lolwazi lwemicu yombhalo ukusuka ekubikeni kwasekuqaleni. Ngena emfuleni ukuya kufundo lokuqala, inkulumo, noma ukhululweni.

Ukufunda Kwamuva

Ochwepheshe abahlola amaqiniso basebenzisa ukufunda okulandelayo: kunokuba bahlale kuwebhusayithi eyodwa ukuze bahlole ukwethembeka kwayo, bavula ama-tab amasha ukuze babone ukuthi iziphi ezinye imithombo ethembekile ezithiyo ngaleyo ndawo noma iziphumo zayo. Lendlela iphumelela kakhulu kunokufunda i-imenuclipy (ukwehlela ikhasi elilodwa ukuze uthole izincazelo). Ukufundisa abafundi kamuva kuye kwabonisa intuthuko engcono ekhonweni labo lokubona okudukisayo.

Indima Yezimiso Zemfundo

Nakuba izinhlangano eziningi sezifundisa amakhono okucwaninga, kumelwe zigxile kakhulu ekufundeni izinto zobuchwepheshe, ekutholeni ukwaziswa okunganembile nasekucabangeni kwabantu nge - Internet.

Ukusakaza Ukufunda Okufundwa Ngemithombo Yezindaba Ngaphesheya Kwesimiso Sokucwaninga

Amakilasi okufunda azimele awezobuzwe awusizo, kodwa amakhono adinga ukuqiniswa emlandweni, isayensi, impilo, ngisho namakilasi ezibalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola incwadi engokomlando ku-inthanethi kufundisa ukuhlaziywa komthombo; ukuhlola isilinganiso sempilo ye-livetic ifundisa ubufakazi. I-Stanford History Education Grouptuck isungule ukuhlola okubonisa ukuthi abafundi bahlukanisa kangakanani izikhangiso ezindabeni, baqaphele ubandlululo, futhi bahlole izikhungo zezembulo zezembuzwano.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Ekilasini

Ukusebenzisa izibonelo zangempela zezwe eliyinkohliso − njengozungu lwePizagate, ulwazi olungaqondile, noma izithombe ezisetshenziswayo ezithathwe emibhikishweni − kusiza abafundi ukuba babone imiphumela yokungahloli kahle. Lokhu kuhlola kufanele kuhlanganise izinto zokuqala ezidukisayo, ubufakazi bokuthi yalahlwa, kanye nokulimala kwezenhlalakahle okwaba umphumela.

Ukunika Abafundi Amandla Okwakha, Hhayi Ukuzitika Nje

Lapho intsha ifunda ukuveza okuqukethwe yikho kanye /ibhuthi lama-bolog, ama-video, amaphepha okucwaninga − aqala ukuqaphela kakhulu umzamo odingekayo ukuze kube nokunemba. Ifunda nokwazisa imithwalo yemfanelo yokunyathelisa. Izinhlelo ezinjengewebhusayithi yezindaba yabafundi noma imisebenzi yokuxoxa ngezindaba yobuchwepheshe zingaphumelela.

Ukuxhumana kwangaphandle: [[[QT]Stanford History Education Group – Ukucabanga kwangaphakathi

Ubuchwepheshe Kokubili Inkinga Nekhambi

Iziteshi ezisebenzisa izinombolo ngokuvamile ziwumthombo wokwaziswa okunganembile, kodwa zinikeza namathuluzi anamandla okuhlaziya kahle lapho zisetshenziswa kahle.

Izindawo Eziseqinisweni Namakheli

  • [[QULT:0]CKCK.org kanye i-PolitiFCT inikeza izicubu eziqhubekayo zezindaba zezombangazwe.
  • Izinhlayiya [ zihlanganisa amahemuhemu amagciwane nezinganekwane zasedolobheni.
  • [[QUT:0] I-Reuters Service [ kanye [[FT:2] IQinisa iQiniso [ ukugxila embulungeni yonke emangeni asakazekayo.
  • Isiyaluzi sinwebe njenge [[FLT]NewsGuard itshengisa izilinganiso zokuthembana kwezindawo zezindaba lapho kuseshwa imiphumela.
  • Imedia Bias/Fact ikekshi inikeza ukuhlolwa okuzimele kobandlululo nokwethenjelwa ezinkulungwaneni zemithombo.

Amathuluzi okuqinisekisa azungezwe nge-Aip

Ukuhlakanipha okungenziwa kuhlola izithombe ukuze kutholakale izimpawu zokusetshenziswa kwemishini, ukuphenya umfanekiso obuye ubuye ubuye uhlole imithombo yokuqala, futhi kuhlaziye umbhalo wemiklamo yolimi ejwayelekile kumankohliso. Amathuluzi anjenge INVID (ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngevidiyo) kanye THINEYE[ [ukuhlola umfanekiso] kusetshenziswa izintatheli. Nokho, la mathuluzi adinga ukuqeqeshwa ukuze asetshenziswe ngokuphumelelayo futhi angakhuthathiwe yizikhuthazo eziwusizayo, azizona izinsiza ekuhluleleni abantu.

Ukubika Imishini Yemithombo Yezindaba

Abasebenzisi eziteshini njengo-YouTube, Facebook, no-TikTok bangabika okusolwayo ukuthi akulona iqiniso. Lemibiko ibangela ukubukeza kwangaphakathi, nakuba ukuphumelela nokungaguquguquki kwemithetho yesikhulu-tepul kuseyimpikiswano. Ukwazi ukuthi ungabika kanjani amanga (* futhi ukwenza kanjalo uma kufanele) kuyisinyathelo esiqinile somphakathi.

Isixhumanisi sangaphandle: [[QUL:0] Imiphumela Ikhambi Leqiniso[

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Ehlangene EMnyangweni Wokwaziswa

Ukuhlola okubucayi akuwona nje ikhono lomuntu siqu; umsebenzi ohlangene. Njalo lapho umuntu exoxa ngendaba ngaphandle kokuhlola ukuthi ikhona, usengozini yokubangela ukulimala. I-Mishformation ingaholela ekunciphiseni umjovo, ekungeneleni kokhetho, ekukhohliseni ngokwezimali, ngisho nasebudloveni. Umphakathi osungulwe kahle uyisici esiyinhloko sentando yeningi esebenzayo, futhi isakhamuzi ngasinye sihlanganyela umthwalo wemfanelo wokulondoloza leso sisekelo.

Isibopho Sokulungisa Nokufundisa

Uma uhlangana nabangane noma umkhaya oxoxa ngako okungamanga, kungaba lula ukuwalungisa. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu ukugxila ebumqulwini kunokuhlasela umuntu. nikeza eminye imithombo, buza imibuzo ngokuthi bakutholaphi ukwaziswa, futhi uhlanganyele nawe indlela yakho yokukuhlola. Kufushaniswe njengenkinga eyodwa.""“ Ngangivame ukukholelwa ukuthi kunje kwaze kwaba yilapho ngihlola lesi sifundo”[] kunokuhluleka komuntu siqu.

Ukusekela Ukukhishwa Kwemithombo Yezindaba Ephambili

Ukufuna ukuhlolwa kwezindaba kuyabiza, kodwa kungelinye lamathuba angcono kakhulu okuvikela ekutholeni ukwaziswa okunganembile. Ukugunyazwa ezindaweni zokukhipha imibiko edumile, ukunikela ezinhlanganweni zezindaba ezingazuzisi, nokukhuthaza ukuxhasa komphakathi ukuxhasa izinhlelo zobuzwilalwazi zezokuxhumana yizenzo zomphakathi. Uma izakhamuzi zibheka ukudayisa amaphephandaba aphezulu njengokunenzuzo noma ukukhokhelwa okukhona.

Ukuhlanganyela Ezinhlanganweni Zokubusa Nezokubuswa Kwezindawo Zomphakathi

Izingxoxo eziqondene ngokumelene namahholo amadolobha, amabhodi esikole, noma amaqembu omphakathi ngokuvamile athembele ekwazisweni okuye kwahlanganyelwa endaweni. Ukusebenzisa amakhono afanayo okuhlola, ukuhlola umthombo, ukuqinisekisa ukwaziswa, ukuqonda uhlelo oluhlelwayo , kuvimbela amahemuhemu okulimaza umphakathi. Amathala ngokuvamile angenisa amashabhu okufunda ukufunda nokubhala; ukuya noma ukuvolontiya kuqinisa wonke umphakathi.

Imibono Yomhlaba Wonke Ngokufunda Ukufunda

Inselele yokungaqondi lutho ayigcini nje ezweni elilodwa, amazwe ahlukahlukene aye asungula izindlela ezihlukahlukene ezisekelwe emithonjeni yawo yezindaba nasezimisweni zezombangazwe.

  • Finland ibingumholi ekuhlanganiseni ukufunda imithombo yezindaba ezifundweni zayo zesizwe kusukela ebudaleni. Abafundi bafunda ukubona inkulumo - ze, ukuhlaziya, nokuqonda indlela izimpawu zokukhangisa eziwulolonga ngayo umbono wabo. Lokhu kutshala izimpawu zesikhathi eside kuye kwaphumela ekuthembeni kakhulu komphakathi emithonjeni yezindaba nakukukungaqondakali okuphansi kokususa ulwazi.
  • yasungula isimiso esisheshayo sokuhlola phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, lapho izinhlangano zikahulumeni nabahloli bamaqiniso basebenza khona ndawonye ukuze basuse izinganekwane zempilo eziyize phakathi namahora. Izakhamuzi zakhuthazwa ukuba zisebenzise umugqa onikezelwe ekubikeni imiyalezo esolekayo.
  • I-European Union yadlula kuMthetho weMaziko woMnyango Wezinkonzo, odinga amapulatifomu amakhulu ukuze kuhlolwe izingozi ezihlobene nokusakaza okuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni noma ukukhipha ulwazi nokuthatha izinyathelo zokulinganisela. Isekela futhi izisekelo ezizimele zokuhlola iqiniso.
  • Amazwe amaningi asathuthuka abhekene nenselele eyengeziwe yokungafundi kakhulu nokwehluleka ukufinyelela i-inthanethi, okwenza amahemuhemu agcwaliswe i-Assapp abe umthombo oyinhloko wezindaba. Ama- Grassroot aqeqesha abaholi bomphakathi ukuqinisekisa nokulungisa amanga ngezilimi zendawo.

Umxhumanisi wangaphandle: Inhlangano ye-Finnish National relapwood Institute – Media textlication

Ukwakha Imikhuba Yokuhlanzeka Kolwazi Ukuphila Konke

Ukuhlola okubucayi akusona isifundo esisodwa; kumelwe kube umkhuba, ofana nokugeza izandla noma ukubheka zombili ngaphambi kokuwela umgwaqo. Ukuzijwayeza lemikhuba njalo kunciphisa umthwalo wobuchopho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kwenza ukuhlaziya kuzizwe kungokwemvelo.

  • Misa ukhefu ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganyele. Zibuze: Ngikuqinisekisile lokhu? Ngingakhululeka yini ekuvikeleni lokhu kukhulumela kuchwepheshe? Ukuma kweshumi nomzuzwana kungavimbela amaphutha amaningi.
  • Ifaka imithombo yakho yezindaba. Landela imithombo enezisusa ezihlukene zezombangazwe kodwa enedumela lokunemba. Lokhu kukuchaya emibonweni ehlukene kuyilapho uhlala ngaphakathi kwesimiso sokwethembeka.
  • Ungangabaza izimpawu ezingokomzwelo. Isihlongozo esiklanyelwe ukukucasula, ukujabula, noma ukuthukuthela ngokuvamile siklanyelwa ukudlula amandla akho okugxeka. phefumula kakhulu uphenye ngaphambi kokuba wenze.
  • [ Bheka ubandlululo lwakho njalo. Lalela izimpikiswano ophikisana ngazo ngokholo oluhle. Sebenzisa ama-ums anjenge-Intelligent Disagrency noma abavikeli bezindaba abangathathi hlangothi ukuze bavimbele imicabango yakho.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlaziya ukwaziswa akuseyona ingxenye engcono yemfundo; umsebenzi wesisekelo ovikela kokubili ukuzimela komuntu ngamunye nokwenza izinqumo ezihlangene. Indawo yokwaziswa yanamuhla iklanyelwe ukusebenzisa kabi ubuthakathaka bobuntu, kodwa futhi inikeza amathuluzi nezisekelo ezisinika amandla okuhlehlisa. Ngokufundisa lamakhono ezikoleni, ukuwasebenzisa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, nokusekela okuveza ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa, umuntu ngamunye angasiza ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi onolwazi noqinile.

Izindleko zokungakwenzi lokho zilinganiswa ngokuphelelwa ukwethembana, ukukhohlakala okunganembile, nokungavinjelwa.