Njalo eminyakeni emine, i-United States ibona ukudlondlobala kwamandla ezombangazwe phakathi nomjikelezo wokhetho lukamongameli. Nokho, isisekelo esibalulekile salokhu kuthatha izikhawu eziphakeme kuNovember sibekwa ezinyangeni ezingaphambili, ngokuvamile enkathini efile ebusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi ukhetho oluyinhloko. Nakuba i-offrate directory ithatha ukunakekela kwesizwe, iziqu zabefundisi zilapho ohlwini lokuqala, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezilandelana kakhulu, kwenziwa khona ukukhetha. Kubantu abavamile, ukuqonda lenkathi yangaphambi kwezombangazwe zaseMelika akusona nje ithuluzi lemfundo yezemfundo; kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqinisekisa izwi labo lizwakala kungakabe ukuvota kohlulo lokugcina. Lesiqondiso sinikeza imvume ecacile, ebhekisisweni, ezindaweni zokuhlola, ezindaweni zokuhlola ithonya labo, embusweni, ezindaweni ezingoko, futhi ithonya elikhulu kwezombangazwe, futhi ungaba nenyathelo likahulumeni wakho.

Yini Ekhethwa Kuqala?

Incazelo Nenjongo Yekholi

Ukhetho oluyinhloko luwukhetho oluqhutshwa yiqembu lezombangazwe, noma luqondiswa yizwe elilwela iqembu elithile, ukukhetha inqubo yokukhetha kwalo ukuze likhethe wonke umuntu. Lenqubo isebenza kuwo wonke amahhovisi akhethiwe, kusukela emkhandlwini wedolobha nasesishaya-mthetho wesifundazwe kuya kuhulumeni weSigele sase-U.S.. imithetho elawula izigebengu iyingxube eyinkimbinkimbi yemithetho kahulumeni nemithetho yeqembu, eholela ekuhlanganeni kwemikhuba ehlukahlukene yemithetho yesizwe ezweni lonke. Naphezu kokuhlelwa kwesimiso se-unithi ye-U.S. Umthetho-Constitution, okungaphathiswangagunyazweli kuhulumeni wezwe eliphethe izifunda, inikeza igunya elibanzi "izikhathi, izindawo, nezindlela zokukhetha, okuphumela ekuhlelweni kwezimiso eziyinhloko zezimiso eziyinhloko esizibonayo namuhla. Naphezu kwemisebenzi yazo ephakathi, umsebenzi ophakathi uyaqhubeka: umthetho owenezendlalweyo womphakathi womphakathi womphakathi oyedwa.

Umlando Omfushane Wesimiso Esiyinhloko

Isimiso esiyinhloko njengoba sazi namuhla savela kakhulu eMhlabeni we- oProgress ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ngaphambi kokuba kusakazwe amaprimaries, ama-minee ayekhethwa abaqondisi beqembu nabameleli emihlanganweni yesifunda neyabameleli abavaliwe , futhi kwavela isimiso esidume kakhulu esiyaziwa ngokuthi "amagumbi agcweleyo". [FLT] abashisekeli benguquko basunduzela ukuba babuye banikeze amandla amalungu esigaba-ne-hele futhi banciphise ukonakala. Lokhu kwaguqula ubuhlobo phakathi kobuholi beqembu novoti, kudala izinhlangano zezombangazwe ezihlangeneyo esizibonayo namuhla. Ukuthatha amaprotem ayaziwa ngokuthi "amagumbi agcwele awenziwe ngendlela efanayo, okungabe kusasho ukuthi kunezizindlela ezihlukene kakhulu zokuziphethe lezi zindawo zokukhetha.

I - staff.

Kuwusizo ukucabanga ngokhetho oluyinhloko noluvamile njengemincintiswano emibili ehlukene nezilaleli ezihlukene kanye nemigomo. Kwenye yeminyaka, abazohlongozwa banxusa esisekelweni seqembu labo − ababoshelwe kakhulu nabavoti ababolelwe ngokwemibono. Ngokwesibonelo, umvoti weSishaya-mthetho esifundeni seDemocratic enkulu kumelwe anqobe ngokuyinhloko ngokukhuthaza izindinganiso zedemocratic. Ukhetho oluvamile, ngakolunye uhlangothi oluphakathi kweqembu elinamandla kakhulu, luwumncintiswano phakathi kweqembu, lapho abahlonisiwe kumelwe bandise khona isikhalo sabo sokuhlanganisa amalungu azimele nanesizo esilinganiselwe eqenjini eliphikisayo. Lokhu kuthonya ukuziphatha, ukukhuluma, nezimiso eziphawulekayo, ukwenza imithetho eyinhloko yenye yemibutho yezombangazwe eMelika enamandla kakhulu.

Izinhlobo Zokhetho Oluyinhloko

Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlukanisa kuyisihluthulelo sokwazi amalungelo akho njengomvoti nokuchaza imiphumela yale mincintiswano.

Izinhlamvu Zemali Ezivalekile

Eminyangweni eyisisekelo evaliwe, abavoti kuphela ababhaliswa njengamalungu eqembu elithile lezombangazwe abangavota eqenjini eliyinhloko laleloqembu. UDemocrat obhaliwe akanakuvota e-Republican eyinhloko, futhi ngokuphambene. Impikiswano eyinhloko yamaprigamend iwukuthi bavimbela "ukuyeka" qhinga elingokomthetho lapho abavoti beqembu elilodwa bewela khona ukuvota umbhekishelwa obuthakathaka kunalowo mphikisi. Abaxhasi futhi baphikisa ukuthi amalungu avikile aqinisekisa ukuthi amalungu abophekile kuphela anesibambiso sokukhetha itshelo, ukulondoloza ubuqotho beqembu le-injini. Izizwe zangaphandle zivale i-Primetary zihlanganisa iNew York, iFlorida, nePennsylvania. Le simiso sivame ukuveza ukuthi akukho mfisi ohlangene nesigaba esiphakathi seqembu.

Ukuvula Imisebenzi

Izindawo zokuvota zivumela noma imuphi umvoti obhaliwe ukuba akhethe ukuthi ubani ofisa ukuvota kuqala ngosuku lokhetho, ngaphandle kokuba amemezele obala ukuthi umbangi weqembu elithile. Lesimiso siyadunyiswa ngokufaka imvume yokukhetha nokuhlanganyela, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabavoti abazibusayo. Abagxeki, nakuba kunjalo, baphikisa ngokuthi imema ukuhlasela futhi ingenza amalungu eqembu azinikezele angabi namandla, ivumela abavoti abangenakho ukwethembeka kwangempela eqenjini ukuba basize ekukhetheni umkhuzi walo ovamile. Izwe elinjengoMichigan, uWisconsin, no-Alabamilany lisebenzisa izimiso eziyinhloko ezivulekileyo. Ingxoxo ekhuluma ngezindawo ezivulekileyo ngokuvamile ivame ukusekela iqembu lomphakathi noma ithuluzi lokuhlanganyela kwentando yentando yeningi.

Ama - semi - Primicrial Avalekile

Isampuli elixubile, amalungu eqembu abhaliswe kancane kakhulu ukuba avote kuphela esigabeni sawo esiyinhloko, kuyilapho abavoti abangakhetha ukuthi obani abazohlanganyela ngokuyinhloko. Lesimiso sihlose ukulinganisela ukuvaleka kwezindawo zokuvula nezici ezivalekile ze-primcaries. Ivuma inani elandayo labavoti abakhetha ukuthi bazimele kuyilapho besanikeza izwi elinamandla lokubhaliswa. INyakatho Carolina ne New Hampshire ziyizibonelo zezimo ezikhona kanye nezingaqondakali ka-kancane. Lesibonelo sivame ukubonakala njengezici ezivikelwayo ze-pragotation eziqhubekayo zenkulumo - mpikiswano eqhubekayo yokutholakala.

AmaPrinta Aphezulu-Amabili (Nonpartisan Blanket Primary)

Isibonelo esihlukile kakhulu yisiQoqo-sibili esisetshenziswa eCalifornia, eWashington, naseNebraska (ku-oforentistan). Kulesi simiso, bonke abazobhapathizwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bahlanganyela eqenjini, bavela ebhodini elilodwa eliyinhloko. Abavoti bangavotela noma ubani ozovota. Abacela ukuvota kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayini ababhalisayo, ukuqhubekela phambili ekukhetheni. Lesimiso saklanyelwe ukukhuthaza ukulinganisela, njengoba abazothatha izicelo kumelwe banxuse eqenjini elikhulu lokhetho kusukela ekuqaleni. Kuye kwatuswa ukunikeza amandla engeziwe abaCerris kanye namahhovisi kodwa futhi kuye kwagxekwa ngokuvala idlana leqembu elivamile nabethathu. [FLD:] i-SCliniacervertives [FF] kuhlela nakuhlela ulwazi lwalo olunezelwe kulo.

Imishini Yokubaleka

Kwezinye izifunda, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu, uma kungekho mfundaze ofinyelela emnyango othile (ngokuvamile 50% + 1 +) ekuqaleni, ukubhoxa kubekwa phakathi kwabavoti ababili abaphezulu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ekugcineni i-minee inesisekelo esiningi phakathi kweqembu. Ama-Runoff avame kakhulu ezizweni ezinomlando wokulawula okukodwa, lapho okuyinhloko kuvame ukuba umncintiswano wangempela. IGeorgia neLouisiana ziyizibonelo ezaziwayo zezwe elikhipha i-Princictivation. Nakuba i-offires iqinisekisa ukusekelwa okukhulu, idinga futhi ngokuvamile imithombo eyengeziwe futhi iphathwa kabi yi-mdlandla yomphakathi ephansi ehotela i-votiota ephansi kunakuqala.

Okwenza Ukukhetha Okuyinhloko Kube Nendaba

Ukushintsha Isayensi Yesayensi Yezombangazwe Nesayensi Yesayensi

Izindawo zinquma ukuthi ubani ozothatha i-collet. Ezindaweni ezigcwele kakhulu lapho ingxenye eyodwa inamandla khona, ngokuyinhloko yiyo kuphela ekhethayo ebaluleke ngempela. Lesimiso singabangela abazohlolwa ukuba badlulisele izicelo ezingeni elisebenzayo kakhulu, amaphiko eqembu labo, okungaba nakho ukukhipha inkulumo yezombangazwe yonke ephakathi. [[FLT:] [i-metam] umvoti wevotabha [ isikisela ukuba abazothuthelwa esikhungweni sikavoti, kodwa abashisekeli beqembu elivamile] bashumayeza ukuthutha izigxobo ze-althroot. Ukuqonda okunamandla kubaluleke kakhulu ekuchazeni amandla ezombangazwe. I-Proggggm ye-partment ye-sston ye-scription yeqembu lezepolitiname. I-Propotoptic i-ency i-expressy i-artpolection i-predingment.

Inkinga Ephansi

Okhetho oluyinhloko lubona ngokuphawulekayo uvota abaphansi kakhulu kunabo bonke okhetho. Lokhu "kuvota okungokoqobo" kuvame ukuba kudala, kucebe kakhulu, futhi kudlulele kakhulu kune-votor. Lokhu kuveza umehluko osho iqembu elincane, elingamelekiyo labavoti linamandla angenakulinganiswa ekukhetheni abavoti. Ngokwazi lokhu, imikhankaso ifaka imali eshicilelwe kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni nasekususeni abasekeli babo abangaphakathi abaphezulu, ngokuvamile bedebesa ukufinyelela ukuphumelela okukhulu. Izinguquko ezihloselwe ukwandisa ukuvukelwa kweqembu eliyinhloko, njengokuvula iholide le-Evota, noma ukuvala ukubhaliswa kombhalisa okuzenzekelayo, kuphikiswa njalo. Ngokwendlela ye-[FLT:] Ukucwaninga okukhuphulwe kakhulu [FLT], inani elikhulayo lokuzimela lomphakathi wamazwe aseMelika, njengoba izigidi zenziwa kakhulu, njengoba zivalelwe ngenqubo yokugcinwa, ngokugcinwa kwe-ejiyo.

Indima Yezindela Nezintibane Ezijiyayo

Indima yabavoti abazimele abasemaphandleni ayiphuzu eliyinhloko lempikiswano. Ezizweni eziyinhloko ezivalekile, abantu abazimele bavinjelwa ngokuphelele enqubweni yokukhipha izitho, naphezu kokuba ngokuvamile benza ingxenye enkulu nekhulayo yeqembu lokhetho. Ezizweni ezivulekile nezingasondelene, bangafeza indima ewujuqu, ngezinye izikhathi bashintsha umphumela womncintiswano wokuthatha izithuba ezithile. Impikiswano ngokuthatha isinyathelo ngokuzimela ekuthatheleni isigaba esiyinhloko, noma ithuluzi lomphakathi lokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi. Izizwe ezinkulu ezizimele zivame ukubona izimpi ezinkulu zezombangazwe ezisezimisweni zazo eziyinhloko.

Izimali Zomongameli Nokuthuma Abathuthi

AmaPresidenti angokomongameli neRepublican anezela olunye ungqimba lobunkimbinkimbi. Ngokungafani nombuso nezindawo ezihlalayo, ezilawulwa ngokuqondile ohulumeni bombuso, amaPrincial primenti alawulwa kakhulu yimithetho yeqembu, nakuba imithetho yombuso ilawula inqubo. Amaqembu e-Democratic and Republican anemithetho ehlukene yokuhlela, kanye ne-GOP ngokuvamile esebenzisa ukuthatha izinhlelo eziphumelelayo kanye nezingalinganiswa ngokwesilinganiso. Lokhu kungaholela ekuvotelweni okungokomthetho kanye kanye kanye nasemikhankanka yango yomkhankaso, ikakhulukazi emiqhutshe yeMiba yango yesibili ephambili lapho imithetho eminingi yemithetho yesizwe nemithetho yesizwe yenza ukuba inkundla yezombangazwe neyamabala ekhangayo futhi ethanda ukulwa kwezombangazwe zaseMelika.

Indlela Yokuhlanganyela Ezinkonzweni Eziyinhloko

Yazi imithetho kazwelonke

Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu siwukwazi: (1) Ingabe isimo sami sivuliwe, sivaliwe, noma sivalwe kancinci? (2) Iyini inkathi yokubhalisa ye-Legislatures ka-NCS (NCSL) inikeza ulwazi olubanzi, olubekelwe phambili ngezinhlobo eziyinhloko. Njalo kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi ubhaliswe kahle ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho, njengoba imithetho ishintsha phakathi kwemijikelezo yokhetho ngenxa yomthetho omusha noma ukubusa.

Ukucwaninga Ngala Maphephandaba

Imikhankaso eyinhloko ivame ukusebenza ngaphansi kwerada, yenza kube nzima ukuthola ukwaziswa okusezingeni eliphezulu. Unganciki kuphela ezikhangisweni zokuhlasela noma ekutunyelweni yizimemezelo eziseqenjini. Yibani abavotelwayo bendawo, funda amaphepha abo esikhundla kumawebhusayithi abo, futhi bheka amarekhodi abo okuvota uma beye bathatha ihhovisi ngaphambili. Izibhodi zomhleli bamazwe bendawo zivame ukuqhuba izingxoxo eziphezulu nabazothatha i-odantium, okungaba umthombo omuhle kakhulu wokwaziswa. Bheka izinto ezishiwo kuqala futhi uziqhathanise nawe. Ukusebenza nemisebenzi yokuqala kusekuseni kungakusiza ukuba wenze ukukhetha okuhambisana nezindinganiso zakho.

Ukwenza Izwi Lakho Lizweke

Ukwazi imithetho kanye nezikhombo kuyingxenye yempi. Isinyathelo sokugcina ukuvota. Ukucela ungekho noma ungekho ngeposi i-colot uma ungakwazi ukuvota ngosuku lokhetho. Thola indawo yakho yokuvota kusenesikhathi esiphambili. Phawula ikhalenda lakho nosuku lokuqala nanoma yiziphi izikhathi ezifanele ukuvota. I-parrigate inqunywa ngemikhawulo yensingo. Ukuvota eyodwa endaweni ephambili kungaba nethonya elikhulu kunevoti eyodwa ekuvotelweni kweqembu elivamile. Ezifundeni eziningi, izikhundla zedolobha, ibhodi lesikole, noma i-apont com com contration yesifunda ibona ukujika okuphansi, okusho ukuthi ukuhlanganyela kwakho kuthatha ngisho nobukhulu.

Ukugxeka Okuvamile Nokugqugquzela Izinguquko

Ukuxhumana Okubi

Ithonya lezindlu eziphezulu likhuliswa ukudayisa inselele , umkhuba wokudweba imigqa yesigodi ukuze ithande isigaba esisodwa. Ezifundeni ezilondekile, ngokuyinhloko kuba yizikhundla ezingcono kakhulu zokukhetha. Lokhu kungaholela ekungabini necala lokukhuthuza abathuthi, okudinga ukukhathazeka kuphela ngenselele eyinhloko eqenjini labo elidlulele. Amaqembu amaningi asekela ukuhlomela ukuncintiswa kwemiba eyandayo ukuze adale izifunda ezihlukene, okungabangela ukuba imingcele yokuncintisana ibe yizinto ezingcono kakhulu nokuncintisana kakhulu. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwemidweko yesigodi nezisusa eziyinhloko kubaluleke kakhulu kwemizamo yezombangazwe.

Iranked-Choice Voing (RCV) Nezintwezi zePrimers

Ukuvota okunengxenye enkulu kuphumela ekutholeni impumelelo njengenguquko yokuthuthukisa amaprime. Ezimisweni ezifana ne-Maine's, okhetho oluvamile lusebenzisa i-RCV. Abanye basikisela ukusebenzisa i-RCV ezingeni zangaphandle ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi umpetha uthola ukusekela okukhulu, ukususa isidingo sokuzihlukanisa, ukuphuma kwe-panecter. Abanye bahlongoza "Ophezulu-Four" okuyinhloko kuhlangene ne-RC kukhetho oluvamile, njengoba kusanda kwamukelwa kule-Alaska. Kulesibonelo, abafektha abane abaphezulu bathatha intuthuko enkulu ekukhetheni, okuthi khona kunqunywe ngokushesha. Lesimiso sihlose ukuveza ukuvumelana okusesilinganisweni. [FLD:] Fair [FFFFF] [FFFK]]

Inqaba eyingqayizivele yaseLouisiana

ILouisiana isebenzisa isimiso esikhethekile "esiyinhloko" samahhovisi kahulumeni nombuso. Ngokungafani nesimiso sombuso we-Top-2 eCalifornia, iLouisiana iphethe ngokuyinhloko ngoSuku Lokhetho ngoNovember. Uma kungekho mtapo othola iningi, i-gasfey iqhutshwa ngo-December. Lesi sakhiwo esicindezelwe sonyaka nesakhiwo esikhethekile sidala imikhankaso eqinile futhi sivame ukukhonjwa ezimpikiswaneni eziphathelene nenguquko yokuqala. Isimiso saseLouisiana siyisifundo esiwusizo ekuqondeni indlela izakhiwo eziyinhloko ezingathinta ngayo ukuziphatha komvoti kanye nokuhlanganyela.

Ithonya Lemali

Imali yenkampane ifeza indima engaphezulu kakhulu ekuhlaseleni izigebengu. Ngenxa yokuthi izicatshulwa eziyinhloko zincane kakhulu futhi zibaluleke kakhulu, isilinganiso esincane semali singaba nethonya elikhulu. Imishini ehlangene kakhulu ngaphandle ngokuvamile ihlasela amaqembu angena emapulazini, iqhubela phambili ukucwenga kakhulu kwemibono. Ukuqonda ukugeleza kwemali emikhankasweni eyinhloko kungaveza okuningi ngokuzinikela kwangempela komfundi kanye nezinto eziza kuqala. Izindawo zomkhankaso wezezimali zokulungisa izinhlangano zezezimali, kuhlanganise nezinhlelo ezincane ezihambelanayo, ngenjongo yokunciphisa ithonya lemali emiqhutshe emikhulu emiqhutsheni emikhulu nakucelweni yotshani enika amandla.

Ukhetho oluyinhloko lungase lubonakale luyisici esiyinhloko sezombangazwe zaseMelika, kodwa empeleni, kungenye yezixhaso ezinamandla kakhulu isakhamuzi ngasinye esingayidonsa. Yinkundla lapho izinto eziyisisekelo zedemokrasi yethu ($abaferensi"izokwenziwa. Ukuhlukahluka kwezimiso eziyinhloko phakathi kwamazwe angu-50 kubonisa ukuphikisana okukhulu mayelana nokumelelwa, amandla eqembu, nokuvota. Ngokuqonda imithetho ehlukene elawula lemincintiswano, uqaphela ukubaluleka kwayo okungokomthetho, futhi uthathele phambili, usuka ekubeni ingqapheli embonini eshini eshicilelweyo kahulumeni wakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa inqubo evulekileyo, ivaliwe, noma ngaphezulu kwemibili, iqiniso eliyisisekelo lihlala linjalo: isinyathelo sokuqala sokuzwa izwi lakho kuboniswa entwabusweni. Impilo empilweni engcono kakhulu ayincikekile kubantu abahlala nje ezindaweni ezikhona, kodwa ezindaweni ezisebenza kuzo zonke izinhleloni zokuhlanganyela kuyo.